Orthogonal Core Research Articles

Low-cost orthogonal basis-core extraction for classification and reconstruction using tensor ring

Tensor based methods have gained popularity for being able to represent multi-aspect real world data in a lower dimensional space. Among them, methods with orthogonal factors perform relatively better in classification. However, most of them cannot handle higher order data. Recently, Tensor Ring (TR) based methods are proposed to combat with the higher order issue more effectively focusing on both classification and reconstruction. A TR-based method with orthogonal cores performs reasonably well for a given error. However, its computational complexity is very high and might produce extra features. To solve these issues, in this paper, we propose a method named as Orthogonal basis-core extraction using Tensor Ring (OTR) that can facilitate better discrimination and reconstruction at a lower cost. To maintain the ring property, we also show, theoretically, that reshaping of the product of semi-orthogonal reshaped cores remains semi-orthogonal. Rigorous experiments over eighteen benchmark datasets from different fields demonstrate the superiority of OTR over state-of-the-art methods in terms of classification and reconstruction.

We've come full circle: The universality of People-Things and Data-Ideas as core dimensions of vocational interests

Vocational interest research relies on interest taxonomies that partition the construct space of activity preferences into a small number of broad interest domains. To this day, the most widely used classification system is Holland's (1997) RIASEC taxonomy, which distinguishes between six overarching interest domains. A central feature of this model is that the six domains are connected via a circular similarity structure, the circumplex, which is often described with the help of two orthogonal core dimensions: People-Things and Data-Ideas. In recent years, alternative interest taxonomies have been proposed, which suggest different partitionings of the construct space that are said to better reflect today's world of work. Using the example of one such alternative, namely, the recently introduced SETPOINT model (Su et al., 2019), the current article argues that such taxonomies still strongly reflect the underlying core dimensions that define the interest circumplex. Using a mixed online sample from Germany (N = 560), it is shown that 1) the main and subdomains of the SETPOINT model reflect a circular similarity structure, 2) this circular similarity structure is conceptually identical to the ones identified in previous research, and 3) the discriminatory power of the SETPOINT scales for occupational group membership can largely be traced back to the core dimensions of the interest circumplex.

3-D Parallel Fiber Bragg Gratings Bending Sensor Based on Single-Channel Measurement

A bending sensor is proposed to demodulate the multichannel bending signals of multicore fiber (MCF) to single-channel signals by using the phase mask method combined with the thermal diffusion technique (TDT). A four-core fiber (FCF) bending sensor was fabricated. Each fiber core of the FCF had different resonant wavelengths through the method of core-by-core inscribed fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) at the same axial position. The FCF was coupled with a single-mode fiber (SMF) by the TDT method. Finally, the single-channel measurement of the 3-D parallel FCF FBGs signals was realized. The FBGs on four cores of FCF were equivalent to the FBGs on two orthogonal cores by a different operation. The experimental results showed that the maximum bending sensitivities of the equivalent FBGs were 187.2 and −192.6 pm/ <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{m}^{-{1}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> , respectively. This sensor realized single-channel demodulation of MCF signals with the elimination of the crosstalk caused by temperature and strain. The proposed sensor fabrication technology with high integration, high sensitivity, and reduced crosstalk, is expected to be applied in the field of 3-D shape measurement or wearable artificial electronics.

Exploring the Sensitivity of Prodromal Dementia with Lewy Bodies Research Criteria.

Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is an insidious neurodegenerative disease characterised by a precipitous decline in cognition, sleep disturbances, motor impairment and psychiatric features. Recently, criteria for prodromal DLB (pDLB) including clinical features and biomarkers have been put forward to aid the classification and research of this ambiguous cohort of patients. Researchers can use these criteria to classify patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) with Lewy bodies (MCI-LB) as either possible (either one core clinical feature or one biomarker are present) or probable pDLB (at least two core clinical features, or one core clinical feature and at least one biomarker present). However, as isolated REM sleep behaviour disorder (iRBD) confirmed with polysomnography (PSG) can be included as both a clinical and a biomarker feature, potentially reducing the specificity of these diagnostic criteria. To address this issue, the current study classified a cohort of 47 PSG-confirmed iRBD patients as probable prodromal DLB only in the presence of an additional core feature or if there was an additional non-PSG biomarker. Thirteen iRBD patients demonstrated MCI (iRBD-MCI). In the iRBD-MCI group, one presented with parkinsonism and was thus classified as probable pDLB, whilst the remaining 12 were classified as only possible pDLB. All patients performed three tasks designed to measure attentional deficits, visual hallucinations and visuospatial impairment. Patients also attended clinical follow-ups to monitor for transition to DLB or another synucleinopathy. Findings indicated that the only patient categorised by virtue of having two core clinical features as probable pDLB transitioned over 28 months to a diagnosis of DLB. The performance of this probable pDLB patient was also ranked second-highest for their hallucinatory behaviours and had comparatively lower visuospatial accuracy. These findings highlight the need for more stringent diagnostic research criteria for pDLB, given that only one of the 13 patients who would have satisfied the current guidelines for probable pDLB transitioned to DLB after two years and was indeed the patient with two orthogonal core clinical features.

Нижнепалеолитическая стоянка-мастерская Кусимово-8 (Южное Зауралье)

Introduction. Comprehensive and efficient investigations of the earliest peopling of the Southern Urals became possible after the discovery of Mysovaya site in Abzelilovsky District of Bashkortostan (Russia). The Paleolithic materials from this site were considered mixed — Acheulean/Mousterian — or Mousterian proper. In recent years, the Lower and Middle Paleolithic site of Kusimovo-8 has been discovered nearby. This is a scattered workshop site on pebble flint outcrops within the terrace surface of the Bannoe-Sabakty paleolake. Goals. The study attempts an insight into the earliest peopling of the Southern Urals, describes and analyzes the Lower Paleolithic collection. Results. The finds were identified on the basis of technical and typological characteristics and preservation parameters. The collection comprises a total of 121 items, most of the objects made of flint pebbles and only two bifaces made of diabase. Nucleuses with patinated surfaces (19 items) are diverse enough: mainly flat cores of parallel and sub-parallel shearing are available to be quantitatively followed by radial, fan-shaped, and orthogonal cores. The tools are represented by oval and almond-shaped hand axes, cleavers, piked tools, a chopper, biface blanks, and various side-scrapers. The stratigraphy of test pits shows the presence of two cultural horizons: flint chips were found under the Middle Paleolithic cultural layer (grayish-brown loam with dolomite gravel) — 0.5 m lower in yellowish-brown loam. Paleoecological analyses of the pits attest to that yellowish-brown loam deposits can be dated to the Middle Pleistocene. Similar conditions were identified for Lower Paleolithic finds discovered at Mysovaya site. Similarity of both the sites makes it possible to conclude as to comparable ages of these collections and that they may cluster together within one Karyshkino-type industry which unites a majority of Lower Paleolithic sites across the Southern Transurals, all of them to form a specific variant of the Tayacian.

Нижнепалеолитическая стоянка-мастерская Кусимово-8 (Южное Зауралье)

Introduction. Comprehensive and efficient investigations of the earliest peopling of the Southern Urals became possible after the discovery of Mysovaya site in Abzelilovsky District of Bashkortostan (Russia). The Paleolithic materials from this site were considered mixed — Acheulean/Mousterian — or Mousterian proper. In recent years, the Lower and Middle Paleolithic site of Kusimovo-8 has been discovered nearby. This is a scattered workshop site on pebble flint outcrops within the terrace surface of the Bannoe-Sabakty paleolake. Goals. The study attempts an insight into the earliest peopling of the Southern Urals, describes and analyzes the Lower Paleolithic collection. Results. The finds were identified on the basis of technical and typological characteristics and preservation parameters. The collection comprises a total of 121 items, most of the objects made of flint pebbles and only two bifaces made of diabase. Nucleuses with patinated surfaces (19 items) are diverse enough: mainly flat cores of parallel and sub-parallel shearing are available to be quantitatively followed by radial, fan-shaped, and orthogonal cores. The tools are represented by oval and almond-shaped hand axes, cleavers, piked tools, a chopper, biface blanks, and various side-scrapers. The stratigraphy of test pits shows the presence of two cultural horizons: flint chips were found under the Middle Paleolithic cultural layer (grayish-brown loam with dolomite gravel) — 0.5 m lower in yellowish-brown loam. Paleoecological analyses of the pits attest to that yellowish-brown loam deposits can be dated to the Middle Pleistocene. Similar conditions were identified for Lower Paleolithic finds discovered at Mysovaya site. Similarity of both the sites makes it possible to conclude as to comparable ages of these collections and that they may cluster together within one Karyshkino-type industry which unites a majority of Lower Paleolithic sites across the Southern Transurals, all of them to form a specific variant of the Tayacian.

Seepage Mechanism of Tight Sandstone Reservoir Based on Digital Core Simulation Method

Recently, tight sandstone oil has played an increasingly important role in the energy strategies of countries around the world. However, the understanding of a microscopic mechanism is still not clear enough, which has been affecting the improvement of the recovery of tight sandstone oil. In this article, a digital core model was established to simulate the pore network of a physical core with CT scan and difference equations were verified by Fourier counting. Then, a combination of orthogonal tests and cubic digital cores was used to experimentally investigate various parameters including pressure, length, permeability, viscosity, and time. By combining the physical experiments with the digital core methods, it can be observed that the state of the micro-crack affects the conductivity of the core, which may be the decisive reason for changing the pressure gradient. The orthogonal test showed that the sensitivity of the parameters was pressure, length, permeability, time, and viscosity in order. The results of the numerical simulations showed that this method can reveal the seepage mechanism of a tight sandstone reservoir, greatly shortening the experimental time and improving flexibility.

A CRISPR/Cas9-based central processing unit to program complex logic computation in human cells

Controlling gene expression with sophisticated logic gates has been and remains one of the central aims of synthetic biology. However, conventional implementations of biocomputers use central processing units (CPUs) assembled from multiple protein-based gene switches, limiting the programming flexibility and complexity that can be achieved within single cells. Here, we introduce a CRISPR/Cas9-based core processor that enables different sets of user-defined guide RNA inputs to program a single transcriptional regulator (dCas9-KRAB) to perform a wide range of bitwise computations, from simple Boolean logic gates to arithmetic operations such as the half adder. Furthermore, we built a dual-core CPU combining two orthogonal core processors in a single cell. In principle, human cells integrating multiple orthogonal CRISPR/Cas9-based core processors could offer enormous computational capacity.

THE DISCOVERY OF A BIFACIAL INDUSTRY IN VIETNAM

This study deals with the origin of bifacial industry in the Lower Paleolithic of Southeast Asia. We describe stone tools from the stratifi ed sites of Goda and Rocktyng near the town of Ankhe, Vietnam. The lithics represent a homogeneous industry characterized by uniform Lower Paleolithic techniques of primary and secondary reduction. Cores and tools were made of pebbles, and some tools were manufactured on fl akes. The tool-kit includes bifaces, pics, becs, carinate end-scrapers, various types of side-scrapers, choppers and chopping tools, denticulate and notched pieces. Bifaces and pics are the principal types. Primary reduction was aimed at manufacturing simple pebble cores with cortex striking platforms, whereas radial and orthogonal cores are less frequent. Tektites found with the lithics were dated by 40K/38Ar-method to 806±22 and 782±20 ka BP. We propose to name this industry the Ankhe culture. It likely emerged by convergent evolution of the pebble-fl ake industry associated with the fi rst wave of Homo erectus migration from Africa 1.8–1.6 million years BP, and is unrelated to the Acheulean tradition introduced by the second migration wave from Africa.

Aqua Tower w Chicago – nieenergooszczędny ekologiczny wieżowiec (ikona modernistycznej architektury)

W artykule przedstawiono elementy analizy architektonicznej i konstrukcyjnej „ekologicznego” wieżowca Aqua Tower w Chicago – ikony architektury modernistycznej. Myślą przewodnią opracowania koncepcji budynku Aqua Tower było stworzenie budynku ekologicznego o oryginalnej formie, pełniącego funkcję hotelowo-mieszkalną. Chicagowski wieżowiec został wyposażony w nieregularnie rozmieszczone balkony, tworzące „powłokę” pokrywającą prostopadłościenną bryłę główną. Zaprojektowany kształt budynku znacząco zmniejsza jego podatność i niedostateczne tłumienie drgań, spowodowane oddziaływaniem wiatru, które jest charakterystyczne dla budynków wysokich. W części pierwszej artykułu przeanalizowano różne formy geometryczne współczesnych budynków wysokich. Następnie scharakteryzowano wieżowiec Aqua Tower pod względem architektonicznym i konstrukcyjnym, biorąc pod uwagę oddziaływanie wiatru oraz aspekt ekologiczno-energooszczędny.Budynek Aqua Tower jest zadziwiającym dziełem, pokazującym jak można kreatywnie zastosować beton, żeby uzyskać wybitną architekturę i wytrzymałą konstrukcję. W wieżowcu wykorzystano cały zestaw proekologicznych rozwiązań, do których należą między innymi system magazynowania wody deszczowej oraz energooszczędne oświetlenie. Roślinność umieszczona pomiędzy wyraźnie zaznaczonymi poziomymi podziałami elewacyjnymi sprawia wrażenie silnego sprzężenia tak kontrastujących ze sobą betonu i zieleni. Roślinny taras dachowy na trójkondygnacyjnym podium tworzy obraz„geometrycznego naturalizmu”, który nie tylko daje efekt estetyczny, ale także pozwala obniżyć temperaturę otoczenia

Morphometric Assessment of Convergent Tool Technology and Function during the Early Middle Palaeolithic: The Case of Payre, France.

There appears to be little doubt as to the existence of an intentional technological resolve to produce convergent tools during the Middle Palaeolithic. However, the use of these pieces as pointed tools is still subject to debate: i.e., handheld tool vs. hafted tool. Present-day technological analysis has begun to apply new methodologies in order to quantify shape variability and to decipher the role of the morphology of these pieces in relation to function; for instance, geometric morphometric analyses have recently been applied with successful results. This paper presents a study of this type of analysis on 37 convergent tools from level Ga of Payre site (France), dated to MIS 8–7. These pieces are non-standardized knapping products produced by discoidal and orthogonal core technologies. Moreover, macro-wear studies attest to various activities on diverse materials with no evidence of hafting or projectile use. The aim of this paper is to test the geometric morphometric approach on non-standardized artefacts applying the Elliptical Fourier analysis (EFA) to 3D contours and to assess the potential relationship between size and shape, technology and function. This study is innovative in that it is the first time that this method, considered to be a valuable complement for describing technological and functional attributes, is applied to 3D contours of lithic products. Our results show that this methodology ensures a very good degree of accuracy in describing shape variations of the sharp edges of technologically non-standardized convergent tools. EFA on 3D contours indicates variations in deviations of the outline along the third dimension (i.e., dorso-ventrally) and yields quantitative and insightful information on the actual shape variations of tools. Several statistically significant relationships are found between shape variation and use-wear attributes, though the results emphasize the large variability of the shape of the convergent tools, which, in general, does not show a strong direct association with technological features and function. This is in good agreement with the technological context of this chronological period, characterized by a wide diversity of non-standardized tools adapted to multipurpose functions for varied subsistence activities.

垂直双空芯宽带太赫兹偏振分离器

垂直双空芯宽带太赫兹偏振分离器

垂直双空芯宽带太赫兹偏振分离器

垂直双空芯宽带太赫兹偏振分离器

The Research on Identification of Gene Splice Sites by Support Vector Machine

The recognition of splicing sites is a very important step in the eukaryotic DNA se-quence analysis. Many scholars are working hard to improve the accuracy of identifi-cation. Our team carried out research on this issue based on support vector machine, which is one famous algorithm in data mining. The training and testing data is from the HS3D dataset, and excellent accuracy rate is achieved by nucleic acid sequence orthogonal coding and RBF core function, and the cross validation experiment hints that base pattern information is mainly located within 20 nucleotides upstream and downstream splice sites.

THE EARLY UPPER PALEOLITHIC OF THE GOBI ALTAI REGION IN MONGOLIA (Based on Materials from the Chikhen-2 Site)

Here, we present technological, typological and morphological analyses of the Pleistocene lithic assemblages excavated from Horizons 3–2.5 of the multicomponent Chikhen-2 site located on the southern piedmont of the Gobi Altai Range, southern Mongolia. Descriptions of geomorphology, stratigraphy, and archaeological finds are given, along with an analysis of reduction and secondary trimming techniques and retouch typology. Single-platform mono-frontal flat cores, double-platform bi-longitudinal cores, orthogonal cores, and narrow-front cores dominate the reduction strategy. Microcores are also present. Levallois-like cores appear initially in Horizon 2.7. Within the tool assemblage, retouched blades, end-scrapers on blades, notched-denticulate tools and large side-scrapers (skreblos) were identified. There are also various micro-tools present, including bladelets with blunt edges, oblique points, and truncated tools. The lithic industries of Horizons 3–2.5 are classified as Early Upper Paleolithic; a conclusion supported by radiocarbon determinations (ca. 30,000 BP). The lithic complexes described here are broadly analogous with other known Early Upper Paleolithic sites both in Mongolia (e.g., Chikhen-Agui; Orkhon-1 and -7; Tolbor-4, -15, and -16), and within a larger territory including the Russian Trans-Baikal region, North China, and the Altai Mountains. Archaeological materials from the lowermost strata at Chikhen-2 are important because they illustrate the emergence of the Upper Paleolithic in southern Mongolia.

Multifunctional polymer-capped mesoporous silica nanoparticles for pH-responsive targeted drug delivery.

A highly stable modular platform, based on the sequential covalent attachment of different functionalities to the surface of core-shell mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) for targeted drug delivery is presented. A reversible pH-responsive cap system based on covalently attached poly(2-vinylpyridine) (PVP) was developed as drug release mechanism. Our platform offers (i) tuneable interactions and release kinetics with the cargo drug in the mesopores based on chemically orthogonal core-shell design, (ii) an extremely robust and reversible closure and release mechanism based on endosomal acidification of the covalently attached PVP polymer block, (iii) high colloidal stability due to a covalently coupled PEG shell, and (iv) the ability to covalently attach a wide variety of dyes, targeting ligands and other functionalities at the outer periphery of the PEG shell. The functionality of the system was demonstrated in several cell studies, showing pH-triggered release in the endosome, light-triggered endosomal escape with an on-board photosensitizer, and efficient folic acid-based cell targeting.

VCSEL-powered and polarization-maintaining fiber-optic grating vector rotation sensor

A compact fiber-optic vector rotation sensor in which a short section of polarization-maintaining (PM) fiber stub containing a straight fiber Bragg grating (FBG) is spliced to another single mode fiber without any lateral offset is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. Due to the intrinsic birefringence of the PM fiber, two well-defined resonances (i.e. orthogonally polarized FBG core modes) with wavelength separation of 0.5 nm have been achieved in reflection, and they exhibit a high sensitivity to fiber rotation. Both the orientation and the angle of rotation can be determined unambiguously via simple power detection of the relative amplitudes of the orthogonal core reflections. Meanwhile, instead of using a broadband source (BBS), the sensor is powered by a commercial vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) with the laser wavelength matched to the PM-FBG core modes, which enables the sensor to work at much higher power levels (~15 dB better than BBS). This improves the signal-to-noise ratio considerably (~50 dB), and makes a demodulation filter unnecessary. Vector rotation measurement with a sensitivity of 0.09 dB/deg has been achieved via cost-effective single detector real time power measurement, and the unwanted power fluctuations and temperature perturbations can be effectively referenced out.

The Modeling and Simulation of Ferrite Orthogonal Core Controllable Reactor Based on Matlab

The principle and structure of ferrite orthogonal core controllable reactor(FOC-CR) were discussed. The analysis of FOC-CR's magnetic equivalent circuit and basic equations was presented. Based on these, this paper establishes the relationship of FOC-CR's input voltage and flux through a odd polynomial assumption of MMF-Flux and gives a simulation model of FOC-CR in Matlab by using S-function.The modeling method is accessed from the result of both current wave and control characteristics of simulation model and experimental prototype.

Elastic properties, fabric and seismic anisotropy of amphibolites and their contribution to the lower crust reflectivity

In this paper the elastic properties of amphibolites from the Serie dei Laghi and the Ivrea zone (Southern Alps, N-Italy) were investigated as a function of their mineralogical composition, microfabric and density. Three orthogonal cores were cut parallel and normal to foliation and lineation; from those, bulk and grain density were measured and the interconnected porosity was calculated. Bulk density varies from 2.75 to 3.07 g/cm 3 and calculated porosity ranges from 0.02 to 0.88%. The same cores were also used to measure seismic velocity of ultrasonic waves at room temperature and at increasing confining pressure up to 300 MPa. At high pressure the matrix properties are separated from the crack-induced properties. P-wave velocity varies with respect to the direction of propagation: the slowest direction is always normal to foliation and the fastest parallel to the mineral lineation. The mineral lineation is typically defined by the elongation of amphibole crystals, in which the fastest Vp direction is parallel to the c axis, that is also the elongation axis. The Vp ranges between 6.76 and 7.54 km/s in the direction parallel to lineation and between 6.32 and 7.06 km/s in the direction normal to foliation. This defines a Vp anisotropy of up to 14%, whose shape varies from orthorhombic to axially symmetric (either prolate or flattened). It was observed that both Vp and Vp anisotropy increase with the amount of amphibole and decrease with the amount of plagioclase. Moreover, the c axis distribution of amphiboles is responsible of the Vp anisotropy intensity and shape, in agreement with observations from previous studies. The seismic properties calculated with the approach of Mainprice (1990), using the fabric data, the elastic constants and the modal composition, gave results in good agreement with the measurements. Exposed rocks in the Ivrea and Serie dei Laghi zones show that amphibolites are interlayered with metapelites on a scale from 1 to 100 m. Because of the very large acoustic impedance contrast (20.34 ± 1.75 for amphibolites, 17.16 ± 0.4 for metapelites), they represent a very reflective portion in the middle-lower crust.

Development of a Variable Inductor for an Electric Power System

This paper describes a variable inductor and its application to a power controller for use in an electric power system. First, we present an orthogonal-core-type variable inductor and a three-phase 6.6 kV-100 kVA reactive power compensator using orthogonal cores. In addition, applications to power apparatuses such as a series compensator and a phase shifter are described. Next, we introduce a novel EIE-core-type variable inductor designed for a larger capacity. The operating characteristics of a trial 6.6 kV-300 kVA reactive power compensator are presented. Finally, we present a method of calculating the operating characteristics of the variable inductors based on a method of three-dimensional nonlinear reluctance network analysis (RNA) proposed by the authors.