Orthodontic Research Articles

Post Orthodontic Cosmetic Detailing

Post orthodontic cosmetic detailing is perhaps one of the most deceiving and difficult phases of orthodontictreatment. The cosmetic detailing procedures are considered as a part of the total scheme of treatmentto enhance the stability and esthetics of the cases. In recent times, a great deal of emphasis is placed onachieving perfect finishing and detailing of the orthodontic treatment, so that the results are pleasing to theeye. This article aims to provide comprehensive knowledge about post orthodontic cosmetic detailing.

Avaliação da influência dos torques e angulação nas inserções dos mini parafusos em corticais ósseas

A ancoragem sempre foi uma das limitações da ortodontia e em quase toda terapia ortodôntica há necessidade de obtê-la. Com a descoberta da ósteo integração surgiu um novo modelo de ancoragem, a esquelética. Numa ancoragem esquelética extra alveolar o posicionamento mais oblíquo dos miniparafusos pode aumentar os riscos de deformação. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar, num estudo in vitro, o desempenho mecânico nos torques de inserção e remoção e observar se o tipo de liga e as angulações de inserção influenciam na utilização destes miniparafusos em posições extra alveolares. Foram utilizados 40 miniparafusos de diâmetro e comprimento semelhantes (2,0x12mm), porém de ligas diferentes (20 de aço e 20 de titânio), todos inseridos por um torquímetro digital em cortical óssea sintética de poliuretano (40PCF). As inserções foram feitas em duas angulações, uma a 30º e outra de 60º para 30º. Após obtenção dos dados, os mesmos foram submetidos à análise estatística de variância, Equações de Estimativas Generalizadas, com grau de confiança de 95% e nível de significância de 5%. Diferenças estatísticas foram observadas nos fatores analisados. Dentre os fatores analisados, tipo de liga e angulação de inserção, e com os dados obtidos podemos concluir que independente da liga, a angulação é um fator essencial no aumento dos torques.

The Influence of Primer and Its Curing Techniques on Shear Bond Strength of Orthodontic Brackets

Aim:To evaluate the effect of primer and its curing techniques on shear bond strength of orthodontic metal brackets and cleaning procedures during debonding of orthodontic adhesive when used with m...

MILA in teaching Orthodontics

MILA in teaching Orthodontics

Time to excel in orthodontics

Time to excel in orthodontics

Ingestão acidental de contenção ortodôntica: o que fazer?

Os materiais odontológicos são relativamente raros de serem engolidos, ainda mais quando se trata de objetos ortodônticos. Entretanto, esse tipo de emergência pode surgir no ambiente da clínica odontológica. Embora o ideal seja evitar sua ocorrência, é necessário que o profissional saiba conduzir a situação, em casos que venha a acontecer. Portanto, o objetivo deste artigo foi realizar uma revisão da literatura e descrever um caso clínico de ingestão de contenção ortodôntica. Desta forma, exemplificar complicações oriundas da deglutição acidental e propor possibilidades de conduta. A fim de obter essas respostas, realizou-se de uma revisão da literatura associada a um estudo de caso sobre o tema em questão. Como resultados, obteve-se que a deglutição ou aspiração de aparelhos ou de componentes associados ao aparelho ortodôntico fixo ou removível são as categorias mais citadas na literatura. Independentemente da incidência, episódios como ingestão ou aspiração de corpo estranho são reconhecidos como possíveis complicações em Ortodontia. Quando os acidentes ocorrem fora do consultório odontológico, os pacientes geralmente estão em tratamento ortodôntico, o que representa menos de 10% do total de casos de deglutição acidental. Conclui-se que a investigação após a ingestão de qualquer componente de um aparelho ortodôntico é fundamental para levar a segurança do paciente e realizar qualquer encaminhamento médico necessário para atendimento de emergência a fim de evitar possíveis complicações.

EJPD Impact Factor 2020: An extraordinary success!

The European Journal of Paediatric Dentistry (EJPD) has reached the extraordinary Impact Factor of 1.5 (Journal Citation Reports 2020 Release), passing in few years from 0.421 in 2015, when Luigi Paglia became Editor in Chief, taking over the Journal after Giuliano Falcolini. EJPD is the official journal of the Italian Society of Paediatric Dentistry (SIOI), but its scientific value and diffusion made it an authoritative reference source not only in Europe, but also worldwide. This is the result of the great work and commitment of the Editorial Board, composed by national and international experts, with the collaboration of the Managing Director Giuseppe Marzo and of the editorial staff. The prominent position that EJPD has gained in the international ranking of dental journals, where the top tier is dominated by those that mainly focus on adult patients, rewards its constant pursue of excellence of the scientific approach, giving at the same time great importance to articles dealing with everyday practice. This is the reason why the papers published in the EJPD are so rich in images. Communication through images is paramount for the current generation and generations to come. Digital diagnostic instruments and advanced treatments, 3D technologies, the current concepts of aerosol and no aerosol technique, together with the progress in the field of new dental materials, like bioactive cements for paediatric restorations or new biocompatible technopolymers (milled or 3D printed) for dentofacial orthopaedics and orthodontics are areas of great interest. We believe that our Journal should pay special attention to papers that take into account the overall health and wellness of the child using safe and efficient preventive, therapeutic or comfort techniques (laser, ozone, relative analgesia, caries diagnosis with transillumination, etc), also considering the importance of environmental conditions and promoting the collaboration with other specialists, with a focus on special need patients. EJPD also aims at guiding young paediatric dentists-graduating from postgraduate schools and residency programmes in paediatric dentistry-with a more comprehensive approach to the practical aspects of the profession, while striving to become the global scientific reference point of maternal and child oral care, defending them from the attractive flatteries of the predatory journals.

Avaliação da distância intercaninos e sua correlação com as más oclusões

O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar a correlação entre a distância intercaninos e as más oclusões. Tratou-se de um estudo observacional e prospectivo, cujos dados foram coletados de 110 documentações ortodônticas e modelos de estudo, de pacientes entre 12 e 35 anos. As variáveis estudadas foram: idade, sexo, padrão racial, relação molar de Angle, más oclusões e distância intercaninos. Os dados foram anotados em formulário específico e distribuídos em tabelas, onde aplicou-se a estatística analítica através dos testes t Student e ANOVA (p<0,05). Os resultados foram os seguintes: a média de idade foi de 17,7 anos; a maioria da amostra foi do sexo feminino (58,7%) e de feodermas (43,6%). A relação de Classe I apresentou maior frequência (46,4% direita; 49,1% esquerda) e a má oclusão mais prevalente foi o apinhamento dentário (67,7%). As médias das distâncias intecaninos foram: 33,98mm, para a arcada superior e 26,11mm para a interior. A distância intercaninos na arcada superior de homens, foi estatisticamente maior que nas mulheres; assim como os arcos inferiores de jovens de 12 a 20 anos, foram maiores do que os de adultos de 21 a 35 anos. Concluiu-se que não houve correlação significativa entre a distância intercaninos e as más oclusões.

Photobiomodulation Using Orthopulse A Path to Light Accelerated Orthodontics

Photobiomodulation Using Orthopulse A Path to Light Accelerated Orthodontics

Headgear for the Orthodontist

Headgear for the Orthodontist

Comparison of Pain Perception and Discomfort with Three Types of Nickel–Titanium Arch Wires during the Initial Alignment with Fixed Orthodontic Treatment in Lower Arch: An Observational Study

Introduction: This observational study with the random sampling was done to locate maximum discomfort and pain experienced with three different nickel–titanium (NiTi) arch wires during the initial leveling and aligning phase of orthodontic treatment in moderate crowding in mandibular arch, and variations in pain and discomfort level associated with area, gender, and age. Materials and Methods: This observational survey was conducted on a sample of 60 orthodontic patients (20 in each group of arch wire) taking little’s irregularity (moderate 4–6 mm) crowding as criteria. The survey has started on the day of bonding along with three different types of initial arch wires (Superelastic NiTi, thermoelastic NiTi, or conventional NiTi), On the same day of bonding appointment and arch wire insertion, all participants were given the Modified Mc Gill pain questionnaire with the Visual Analog Scale and asked to fill and submit to the investigator on their next appointment positively. Results: The results were statistically insignificant in relation to the objectives of an observational study. Conclusion: Any of the three arch wires independent of age, gender, and area can be used by orthodontist during initial leveling and alignment phase of the treatment since the pain and discomfort level for all of them are same.

Rapid maxillary expansion facemask therapy in growing patients: A 2 case report and review of literature

Class III malocclusion is progressive in nature and it worsens with age. Class III malocclusion is associated with any deviation in the sagittal relationship of the maxilla and the mandible; it is characterized by a deficient maxilla, retrognathic mandible, or a combination of both. It is very difficult to diagnose and treat Class III malocclusion. Many treatment approaches can be found in the literature regarding orthopedic and orthodontic treatment of Class III malocclusion, including intra- and extra-oral appliances. The early treatment of Class III malocclusions requires orthopedic intervention at the end of primary dentition or the beginning of mixed dentition, prior to growth spurt, which provides successful results, with good facial balance, modifying the maxillofacial growth and development, and prevents future surgical treatment by increasing the stability. Approximately 30%–40% of Class III patients exhibit some degree of maxillary deficiency; therefore, devices can be used for maxillary protraction for orthodontic treatment in early mixed dentition. In cases in which dental components are primarily responsible for Class III malocclusion, early therapeutic intervention is recommended. In this article, we described the treatment options for Class III malocclusion in growing patient with an emphasis on maxillary protraction.

Corona or Rona (Cry): Orthodontist View

Corona or Rona (Cry): Orthodontist View

Assessment of nasal morphological parameters in Maharashtrian population

Introduction: Human nose influences facial aesthetics and soft tissue harmony. Owing to uniqueness of nasal morphological characteristics, due consideration to it during treatment plan is essential. Present study aims at assessing nasal index in the Maharashtrian population and its correlation with age, gender and type of malocclusion. Materials and Methods: A sample of 410 patients was selected out of patients undergoing orthodontic treatment at the department to assess various nasal parameters. Data thus obtained was divided in groups depending on age, gender and type of malocclusion and subjected to suitable statistical analyses. Results: Mean nasal index in males was 79.08 ± 8.21 while in females was 76.65 ± 9.87 which did not differ significantly with respect to gender and age (P > 0.05). Mean nasal index differ in respect to type of malocclusion in sagittal plane and was found to be highest in patients' records pertaining to skeletal Class III malocclusion, which was statistically significant (P 0.05 for both). Conclusions: Mean nasal index in Maharashtrian male is 79.08 ± 8.21 and in females is 76.65 ± 9.87 (mesorrhine nasal type). The mean nasal index was found to be reduced in Class II malocclusion cases as compared to Class I and Class III malocclusion. The facial index, nasal index and dorsum base ratio also did not show statistically significant correlation.

The effect, safety and compliance of micro-implant anchorage in adolescent orthodontic treatment

Objective To investigate the effect, safety and compliance of micro-implant anchorage in adolescent orthodontic treatment. Methods A total of 50 adolescent patients who underwent orthodontic treatment from March 2017 to March 2019 in the Department of Stomatology, Li Huili Hospital of Ningbo Medical Center were selected and randomly divided into control group and observation group according to the digital table, with 25 cases in each group.The control group received conventional corrective treatment, and the observation group received micro-implant anchorage therapy.The treatment efficacy, upper incisor dip angle and tooth convexity difference, molar displacement, safety, adverse reactions and compliance were compared between the two groups. Results There were no statistically significant differences in gender, age, etc.between the two groups(all P>0.05). The improvement of the incisor angle difference, tooth crown distance difference and molar displacement difference in the observation group were significantly better than those in the control group, the differences were statistically significant(t=11.328, 20.011, 17.336, all P<0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions such as soft tissue edema, oral inflammation and discomfort of correction in the observation group (8%) was lower than that in the control group(28%), the difference was statistically significant(χ2=10.225, P<0.05). The compliance of patients in the observation group (96%) was significantly higher than that in the control group (80%), the difference was statistically significant(χ2=19.316, P<0.05). Conclusion The micro-implant anchorage is effective in the clinical treatment of adolescent orthodontics, with high safety and high patients’ compliance.It is worthy of clinical promotion. Key words: Micro-implant monoclonal antibody; Orthodontics; Adolescent; Oral function; Adverse reaction; Curative effect; Safety; Compliance

Retention in fixed orthodontic treatment: An important aspect affecting success of treatment outcome – A questionnaire study

Context: Postorthodontic treatment, retention is an important phase which can be decisive in determining the stability of the achieved result of functional occlusion and esthetic appearance of the patient. There are different types of retainers and different retention protocols followed among the orthodontists. Aims: The purpose of this study was to determine different factors which affect compliance of the patient with removable retainers. Materials and Methods: Thirty-eight patients, who had finished fixed orthodontic treatment and were in retention phase wearing Hawley removable retainers, were included in the study. They were given a questionnaire which dealt with factors affecting patient compliance with removable retainers and different reasons for not wearing removable retainers. Statistical Analysis Used: Categorical variables were reported as counts and percentages. Gender comparisons were made with the Chi-square test/Fisher's exact test. Conclusion: The most common reason for not wearing retainer was reported as patients forgetting to wear the retainer. The common reason for relapse may be associated with patients who think that responsibility of retention is only of orthodontist and not themselves or of both. Gender wise: it was found that the factors of level of satisfaction during the present retention phase, forgetting to wear it, and responsibility of retention showed statistically significant differences.

Interrelation between Sella Turcica Bridging and Incidence of Maxillary Canine Impaction

Aims: To perceive an interrelation between sella turcica bridging and maxillary canine impaction among impaction patients. Methods: Lateral cephalometric and Panoramic Radiographs of 50 subjects with impacted canines (25 buccal and 25 palatal) ware collected from Orthodontic clinics. The control group consisted of 25 orthodontic patients without a history of impaction. The size of Sella turcica (length, depth and diameter) was calculated and the bridging was gauged among the study groups. Results: Results were evaluated using independent sample t-test and chi-square test on SPSS software (PConclusions: The occurrence of sella turcica bridge in patients with canine impaction is increased.Early detection of Sella Turcica bridge during the development phasemay alert clinicians to likely canine impaction in advanced life.

Bisphenol A in Dentistry.

Bisphenol-A, an organic synthetic compound, has been present in many consumer plastic products and food packaging since the 1960s. Nowadays, Bisphenol-A is widely used in the field of dentistry for the manufacturing of resin materials. Several studies have suggested that Bisphenol-A may cause adverse health effects due to its ability to act as an endocrine disruptor chemical which has raised concerns about its widespread use. The aim of this study is to present an overview of the research studies dealing with Bisphenol-A exposure in the field of dentistry. PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, Europe PMC, Web of Science and reference lists of relevant papers were searched to identify articles for inclusion. Two authors screened literature and extracted data from included studies independently. The evidence supports that Bisphenol A is used in many fields of routine clinical dental practice such as restorative dentistry and orthodontics. Regarding Bisphenol-A exposure from dental materials, the current data concludes that is below the Tolerable Daily Intake levels, but further evaluation is needed to reveal any possible adverse events caused by low-dose BPA exposure.

Tracionamento ortodôntico de canino permanente superior: relato de caso clínico

Objetivo: Descrever uma abordagem conservadora para tratamento de canino permanente superior impactado, através de tracionamento ortodôntico. Detalhamento do caso: Paciente BJFA, 16 anos, sexo feminino, acompanhada na clínica de Ortodontia da ABO em Montes Claros-MG, queixou-se de dentes tortos. Ao exame clínico intrabucal verificou-se atresia maxilar, desvio de linha média dentária superior, apinhamento dentário anteroinferior, incisivo lateral superior direito conóide, retenção prolongada de canino decíduo superior direito, cujo sucessor permanente não se apresentava palpável. Os exames de imagem, sobretudo a tomografia computadorizada, confirmaram a presença de canino permanente superior direito impactado, localizado em região palatina. O tratamento foi realizado através de aparelho ortodôntico fixo, aplicando a terapêutica de expansão transversal da arcada superior com quadrihélice de Ricketts e tracionamento ortodôntico pela técnica de colagem de acessório associada a cantilever. Considerações finais: As técnicas utilizadas permitiram uma abordagem conservadora e menos dispendiosa, mostrando resultados funcionais e estéticos positivos.

An introduction to orthodontics, fifth edition

An introduction to orthodontics, fifth edition