Department Of Orthodontics Research Articles

Cephalometric characteristics of class II div 1 patients visiting tertiary care hospital in Southeastern Nepal

Introduction: Class II malocclusion can result from aberrant maxillary or mandibular dentoskeletal components with or without the involvement of soft tissue component. Identifiation of the cause in class II div 1 malocclusion with the help of lateral cephalograms is crucial in diagnosis and treatment planning. Materials and Methods: Digital copies of lateral cephalograms of Class II div 1 patients visiting the Orthodontic department at Nobel Medical College were obtained. Web-based digital tracing, Webceph Plus version 1.5.0, was used for Steiner’s and McNamara’s analyses. The cephalometric values were compared with the established values of the Caucasians and the Nepalese norms wherever applicable. The comparison was done using an independent t-test with a level of signifiance set at 5%. Result: As compared to Caucasians and Nepalese normal, Class II div 1 patients in our study had significantly increased ANB angle (6.4±2.1°, p<0.001) and proclined upper (UI-NA=28.7±7.3°, p< 0.001) and lower incisors (LI-NB=29.6±6.9° p<0.001). The Class II patients revealed decreased maxillary and mandibular effective lengths and maxilla-mandibular differences that were statistically signifiant, (p<0.001). The effective maxillary and mandibular lengths as well as the maxilla-mandibular difference were signifiantly greater in males than in females (p<0.05). Conclusion: The study showed that class II div 1 patients had a combination of maxillary prognathism and mandibular retrognathism along with proclined maxillary and mandibular incisors. The effective lengths of the maxilla and mandible were greater in males as compared to females.

COMPARISON OF OVERALL AND POSTERIOR BOLTON RATIOS OF SKELETAL CLASS II MALOCCLUSION BEFORE AND AFTER DIFFERENT COMBINATIONS OF FOUR PREMOLAR EXTRACTIONS IN A PAKISTANI POPULATION

Objectives: To fi nd whether diff erent premolar extraction patterns change the overall Bolton ratio from 91.30%, and the posterior Bolton ratio from 105.27% among the Pakistani population in a skeletal class II malocclusion.Materials and Methods: This Quasi Experimental study was conducted at at the Orthodontics Department of Khyber College of Dentistry, Peshawar on 30 dental models of skeletal class II patients. A Digital Vernier Caliper was used to measure the mesiodistal widths of the teeth me-sial to the second molar. Overall and posterior Bolton ratios were calculated before and after hypothetical extractions of the premolars. One-sample-t test was used to see if there was any significant diff erence between the overall and posterior Bolton ratios of the Bolton study and our study. Paired-samples-t test was used to fi nd the change in Bolton ratios before and after extractions. P value of ≤0.05 was considered signifi cant.Results: The mean overall and posterior Bolton ratios were 91.57±1.21% and 103.36±2.82%, respectively. Following premolars’ extractions in the pattern: all fi rst premolars, upper first with lower second premolars, upper second with lower fi rst premolars and all second premoalrs, the overall ratio decreased signifi cantly (p <0.05) to 90.29±1.54%, 90.55±1.61%, 89.47±1.62% and 89.72±1.59%, respectively, whereas the posterior ratio for all fi rst premolars and upper fi rst with lower second premolar extractions increased signifi cantly to 105.27±3.18% and 105.88±3.71% (p <0.05).Conclusion: Premolar extractions in skeletal class II malocclusion cause a signifi cant decrease in the overall Bolton ratio. The all fi rst premolars and upper fi rst with lower second premolar extractions pattern cause a signifi cant increase in the posterior Bolton ratio.

Remineralization potential of strontium-doped nano-hydroxyapatite dentifrice and casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate cream on white spot lesions in enamel following orthodontic debonding - a randomized controlled trial.

This study was intended to compare and determine the potency of strontium-doped nano-hydroxyapatite paste against a topical cream containing casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate and a regular dentifrice for remineralization of white spot lesions of enamel following orthodontic debonding. Ninety individuals with white spot lesions on their enamel who visited the orthodontic department for de-bonding were selected for the research. Patients were randomly assigned to three distinct groups with each group consisting of 30 patients. Group 1 served as the control and received regular dentifrice, Group 2 received strontium-doped nano-hydroxyapatite paste, and Group 3 received casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate topical cream. Patients were instructed to locally apply a specified amount of the prescribed preparation twice daily for six weeks. The data were analysed using the statistical programme SPSS 22.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA), and the level of significance had been set at p < 0.05. Group 1 did not show any change in the enamel following the application of toothpaste. Both Group 2 and 3 demonstrated higher post-treatment scores, indicating effective remineralization potential (p < 0.001). However, Group 2 (strontium-doped nano-hydroxyapatite paste) displayed significantly greater remineralization capacity when compared to group 3 (casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate topical cream). Compared to conventional dentifrice and casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate paste, strontium-doped nano-hydroxyapatite preparation demonstrated greater enamel remineralization of the white spot lesions and favourable surface alterations in the enamel surface. strontium-doped nano-hydroxyapatite can be utilised safely and efficiently to treat early caries and remineralise white spot lesions on the enamel.

Clinical crown height changes in adult patients after non-extraction, orthodontic treatment: a retrospective cohort study.

To assess changes in clinical crown height (CCH) in adult orthodontic patients treated by fixed appliances to distalise the molars. Retrospective case series study. A total of 30 adults with healthy periodontal tissues who received orthodontic treatment at the Department of Orthodontics, Yokohama, Japan and its related orthodontic clinic were assessed. CCH was measured as the distance from the gingival margin to the crown plane perpendicular to the tooth axis. Treatment changes of CCH of each tooth were examined on the labial/buccal and lingual/palatal side. In the upper dentition, on the labial/buccal side, the CCH of the lateral incisors, canines, first premolars, first molars and second molars were increased significantly (P < 0.01), with a median value of 0.41 mm, 0.43 mm, 0.28 mm, 0.43 mm and 0.55 mm, respectively. In contrast on the palatal side, the CCH of the central incisors, first molars, and second molars decreased significantly (P < 0.01), with a median value of -0.41 mm, -0.30 mm and -0.20 mm, respectively. In the lower dentition on the labial/buccal side, the CCH of the first premolars, second premolars and first molars were increased significantly, with a median value of 0.39 mm (P < 0.01), 0.43 mm (P < 0.01) and 0.19 mm (P < 0.05), respectively. The second molars exhibited a significant decrease in CCH with a median value of -0.26 mm (P < 0.05). On the lingual side, the CCH of the central incisors, lateral incisors, canines, first premolars, second premolars and first molars were increased significantly (P < 0.01), with a median value of 0.28 mm, 0.22 mm, 0.31 mm, 0.37 mm, 0.26 mm and 0.28 mm, respectively. Significant differences were observed in CCH before and after treatment for many teeth, the average change was less than 0.5 mm. The impact on the long-term health of the periodontal tissue is unknown.

Cervical headgear effectiveness in distalizing molars in relation to patient compliance.

The purpose of this study was to measure the effectiveness of the cervical headgear for distalizing first permanent maxillary molars in relation to hours of use. This was a one-centre, prospective, clinical study conducted at the Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece. Participants (N = 26; 17 females, 9 males) were patients with no history of orthodontic treatment, no syndromes or clefts, and Angle's Class II malocclusion, where the treatment plan included a cervical headgear. They were instructed to wear the appliance for at least 12 h per day. A TheraMon® microsensor was embedded in the headgear's strap to objectively measure wear-time. To measure tooth movement, pre- and post-treatment digital models were superimposed, using the palate as a reference area; translation and rotation were measured along three axes. Superimposition and movement measurements were made with the Viewbox 4 software. Average treatment time and headgear wear were 130 days and 55 days, respectively, i.e. 10.1 h/day. During this period, distal movement averaged 1.75 mm with high variability (min 0.2 mm, max 4.5 mm). Distal tipping and rotation had an average of approximately 5 °C. Cumulative headgear wear was significantly correlated with distal movement (r2 = 0.32, P < .002), distal tipping (r2 = 0.27, P < .01), and distal rotation around the long axis of the tooth (r2 = 0.20, P < .05). Compliance is critical for having a successful clinical outcome. Distalization of the molar with a cervical headgear is correlated with the cumulative hours of appliance use, with hours per day being a weaker predictor.

Assessment of Mandibular Asymmetry Using the Orthopantogram and Posteroanterior Cephalogram: A Comparative Study

Aim: The objective of this study is to assess and correlate the measurements of mandibular asymmetries using a posteroanterior (PA) cephalogram and an orthopantomogram (OPG). . Materials &amp; Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Orthodontics, Nishtar Institute of Dentistry, Multan. Orthopantomograms and posteroanteriorcephalograms were obtained from 66 patients aged between 12 and 35 years. Linear mandibular measurements were then identified and evaluated for discrepancies between the two imaging techniques. The comparison of orthopantomograms and posteroanteriorcephalograms involved a paired t-test to assess all linear mandibular parameters. To further compare orthopantomograms and posteroanteriorcephalograms, an independent sample t-test was conducted using SPSS version 22.0.

Three-dimensional measurement and analysis of Mandibular Molar Distalization assisted by micro-implant anchorage combined with clear aligner.

To investigate the effect of micro-implant anchorage combined with a clear aligner on the efficiency of mandibular molar distalization and the protection of anterior teeth anchorage, provide reference for clinical scheme design. This is a prospective study. Seventeen patients who were treated in the Orthodontics Department of the Hospital of Stomatology affiliated to Fujian Medical University from 2019 to 2021 and used Invisalign clear aligners to move mandibular molars distally were included and divided into two groups according to anchorage types: Group-A and Group-B. Group-A (ten cases) were treated without micro-implant anchorage, while Group-B (seven cases) were treated with micro-implant anchorage nails for enhanced anchorage. The effect of micro-implant anchorage on crown and root distal movement of mandibular molars and the difference in three-dimensional movement between mandibular molars and mandibular central incisors were analyzed. The crown distalization efficiency of mandibular first and second molars in Group-B was 68.66% and 71.02%, respectively, which were higher than those in Group-A(p<0.05). The mandibular central incisors in Group-A showed labial displacement and a small amount of elongation, while those in Group-B showed less anchorage loss(p<0.05). In Group-A, the crown was tilted in the distal direction and moved in the buccal direction during mandibular molar distalization(p<0.05). While in Group-B, the crown was tilted in the distal directio (p<0.05) and the mandibular second molar was depressed(p<0.05). In the process of mandibular molar distalization assisted by micro-implant anchorage combined with a clear aligner, better protects the anchorage of the mandibular central incisor and improves the efficiency of the molar crown distalization.

Evaluation of horizontal lip position using different soft tissue analysis in Shimla population - A cephalometric study

: 1. To study the horizontal lip position in Dentally and Dentoskeletally normal subjects of Shimla adult population using different soft tissue analysis. 2. To study the sexual dimorphism in horizontal lip position of Shimla adult population. 3. To study the differences of horizontal lip position among Dentally and Dentoskeletally normal subjects of Shimla adult population. 4. To compare the horizontal lip position of Dentoskeletally normal subjects of Shimla adult population with established norms. 5. To assess the most consistent esthetic reference line. Pre-treatment lateral cephalograms of 100 subjects aged between 18-25 years were taken, who visited the Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics Shimla, Himachal Pradesh for their orthodontic consultation for the study. In Shimla adult population retrusive upper lip in relation to Steiner’s S1 line, Ricketts’ E line and retrusive lower lip in relation to Steiner’s S1 line, Ricketts’ E line, Sushner’s S2 line was found. The norms for upper and lower lip position in relation to Burstone’s B line in Shimla adult population coincide with the established Burstone’s norms. Holdaway’s established norms for lower lip can also be applied to Shimla adult population. Shimla adult population has different cephalometric norms for horizontal lip position in relation to Steiner’s and Ricketts’ line whereas same established norms of Burstone and Holdaway can be applied to Shimla adult population.

ИЗМЕНЕНИЕ БИОХИМИЧЕСКИХ ПОКАЗАТЕЛЕЙ РОТОВОЙ ЖИДКОСТИ У ЗДОРОВЫХ ЛИЦ РАЗНЫХ ВОЗРАСТНЫХ ГРУПП И ПРИ СОПУТСТВУЮЩИХ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЯХ

Objectives. Studying the characteristics of oral fluid in people of different age groups and different health conditions: healthy children, children with chronic renal failure, with cerebral palsy, with congenital cleft palate, healthy adults, elderly and senile people, pregnant women.&#x0D; Purpose. To evaluate the influence of somatic pathology and age-related characteristics on parametric biochemical parameters of oral fluid: calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, protein.&#x0D; Methodology. The examination of patients and the collection of material were carried out at the clinical base of the Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics with the course of IDPO of the Bashkir State Medical University (head of the department, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor S.V. Chuikin). An analysis of oral fluid was carried out in people of different age groups and different health conditions: healthy children, children with chronic renal failure, with cerebral palsy, with congenital cleft palate, healthy adults, elderly and senile people, pregnant women with physiological pregnancy and with edema.&#x0D; Results. Data were obtained on the level of biochemical parameters of oral fluid in people of different age groups and different health conditions: healthy children, children with chronic renal failure, with cerebral palsy, with congenital cleft palate, healthy adults, elderly and senile people, pregnant women.&#x0D; Conclusions. The biochemical composition of oral fluid changes in the presence of somatic pathology, during pregnancy and at different age periods. The dynamics of biochemical parameters of oral fluid can be a diagnostic marker for identifying diseases and allows us to evaluate the effectiveness of therapy.

A Comparative Analysis of Various Mouthwashes in Managing Dental Plaque among Orthodontic Patients

Background: Fixed orthodontic appliances have been found to contribute to an increased accumulation of dental plaque, hence making it more challenging for patients to effectively brush their teeth. Consequently, guidance provided by the orthodontist regarding oral hygiene, together with patient motivation pertaining to tooth brushing and utilization of mouthwash, assume significant significance. Objective: To assess the comparative effectiveness of various mouthwashes in managing dental plaque among orthodontic patients, a study was conducted. Materials and Methods: The descriptive and comparison study took place from December 2017 to October 2018 at the Dhaka Dental College and Hospital in the Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics. The 84 patients who came to the Department of Orthodontics were split into three groups: There is a salt water mouthwash, a chlorhexidine mouthwash, and an essential oil mouthwash in the third group. Results: This group of people had a mean age of 14.1 years. The group was made up of 30 men and 54 women patients. In the salt water group, the mean plaque index number was -0.58, in the chlorhexidine group, it was -0.296, and in the essential oil group, it was -0.322. Conclusion: Mouthwash plays a crucial function in the management of dental plaque during orthodontic therapy. This study employed the use of essential oil, salt water, and chlorhexidine mouthwashes as interventions for the management of dental plaque. The efficacy of chlorhexidine in plaque management surpasses that of essential oil and salt water.

Perceived relevance of oral biology: a comparative study among dental interns and faculty

Background &amp; Objective: This study aims to compare and examine the distinctive perspectives of dental trainees and distinguished faculty members toward the significance of oral biology subject for dentistry, clinical training, and dental education.&#x0D; Methodology: A prevalidated questionnaire consisting of two sections was distributed through Google Forms and handouts to dental interns and faculty members of basic and clinical departments of different dental institutes and hospitals oh Punjab. The data was collected and statistically analyzed using IBM-SPSS version 25. The chi-square test was applied to check the significance of questions regarding perception of oral biology. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered as the threshold for statistical significance.&#x0D; Results: Both groups perceived high relevance of oral biology towards dentistry with slightly more relevance reported by dental interns regarding the importance of oral biology for dental education and clinical training. Regarding the data collected from clinical dental departments Oral surgery department showed the highest relevance of oral biology with dentistry whereas the Orthodontic department considered oral biology most relevant for future clinical training and practice.&#x0D; Conclusions: Dental faculty and interns emphasized the importance of oral biology as a discipline for dentistry, but interns reported substantial application for relevance related to future clinical training and practice.

Pozice retinovaných špičáků, laterálních řezáků a faktory související s retencí špičáků

Aim: The aim is to determine the impact of unerupted canine position on the position of adjacent teeth as well as the relationship of the severity of canine impaction and position, and associated factors of the impaction. Material and method: From CBCTs of the patients treated between 2015 and 2020 at the Department of Orthodontics of St.Anne’s University Hospital 39 scans with unilateral impacted upper canine were selected. There were 25 palatally impacted canines, 14 vestibularly impacted canines. The parameters measurements were carried out with Invivo6 software after setting of the reference planes. Results: Factors associated with canines impaction were proved, such as shift of the midline towards the affected side (by 0.56–0.68 mm), higher incidence of peg shaped lateral incisor (I2) in palatally impacted canines, narrower palate on the side of impacted canine (by 1 mm in palatally and 2 mm in vestibularly impacted canine). In vestibularly impacted canines lateral incisors (I2) were significantly more distally inclined (by 10.3°), in palatally impacted canines lateral incisors (I2) were distorotated by 14.1°and retruded by 7.2°. In vestibularly impacted canines the roots of I2 were shortened by almost 2 mm, in palatally impacted canines by 1 mm. On the side of impacted canines we found higher incidence of bent roots (51.3%) and hooks (12.8%); I2 bent roots were more frequent on the side of palatally impacted canines (32%). Conclusion: The study findings could help in early diagnostics – either clinical or radiological – of impacted upper permanent canines, and in adopting the best strategy of treatment. Disturbed development of impacted canines (shorter length, bent root) calls for early detection and timely orthodontic treatment of the impaction.

A study on dislocation of the centre of rotation in nasomaxillary complex growth and development

ABSTRACT Purpose This study aimed to detect the centre of spiral similarity (CS), an improvement of the centre of rotation when the jaw shows standard growth, and to evaluate and examine the dislocation of CS depending on the skeletal type, sex and age. Materials and Methods This study included 107 patients aged 5–15 years (62 females and 45 males) examined at Osaka Dental University Hospital’s Department of Orthodontics for the primary complaint of malocclusion. For each patient, lateral cephalometric radiographs were taken before and after treatment. Skeletal types were classified into three groups (Class I, II and III) according to the McNamara analysis, and degrees of cervical vertebral maturation were classified into two groups (under 11 and 11 or over). We calculated CS using our previously reported method, derived the projective CS (pCS) to evaluate the dislocation of CS and compared pCS between skeletal groups. Results The CS of Class I was located approximately 17–21 mm anterior and 4–8 mm inferior to the sella. Significant differences in pCS were found between Classes I and III. Furthermore, the sign of pCS showed an opposite trend depending on sex. Conclusion The CS of ‘Class I and under 11’ is located near the spheno-ethmoidal synchondrosis, while that of ‘Class III and under 11’ was away from there in alternate directions for males and females. Our results provide insights into the trends that require different treatment strategies based on sex or other personal characteristics in orthodontics.

The Correlation between Mandibular Arch Shape and Vertical Skeletal Pattern.

Background and Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between the mandibular arch shape and the vertical skeletal pattern in growing patients. Materials and Methods: A total of 73 Caucasian patients (33 males and 40 females; mean age 9.4) were retrospectively enrolled from a pool of patients treated in chronological order at the Department of Orthodontics, University of Foggia, Italy, from April 2018 to December 2021. Each patient received a laterolateral radiograph and a digital scan of the dental arch. Eight cephalometric parameters (lower gonial angle, intermaxillary angle, divergence angle, Wits index, Jarabak ratio, OP-MP angle, PP-OP angle, and ANB) and five dental measurements (posterior mandibular arch width, anterior mandibular arch width, mandibular occlusal angle, posterior width on distobuccal molar cusps, and molar angle) were analyzed and then compared. A Spearman's rho correlation test between the cephalometric measurements and the dental measurements was performed. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: A negative statistically significant correlation was found between the Jarabak ratio and the intermolar angle; a statistically significant correlation was also observed between the Wits index, the posterior mandibular width, and the occlusal mandibular angle; the ANB angle and the occlusal mandibular angle; the intermaxillary angle (PP-PM) and the mandibular occlusal angle, posterior mandibular width on the disto-vestibular cusp, and the intermolar angle; and the OP-MP angle and mandibular occlusal angle and the posterior mandibular width on the disto-vestibular cusp. Conclusions: The mandibular arch form may be related to certain predisposing features in craniofacial morphology, such as jaw divergence, the Jarabak ratio, and the intermaxillary angle.

Hypodontia and Skeletal Malocclusions Among Orthodontic Patients of Kathmandu, Nepal: A Radiographic Study

Objective To assess the association between hypodontia and skeletal malocclusions in orthodontic patients. Materials and Methods This cross-sectional study comprised of orthodontic records of 40 hypodontic patients (12 males and 28 females) and 120 non hypodontic patients (58 males and 62 females) as control group matched for gender and age with the study sample who came to the orthodontic department for their treatment were selected. Orthopantamograms were evaluated for hypodontia, whereas lateral cephalogram were traced to determine the cephalometric parameters. The association between different classes of skeletal malocclusion and hypodontia was determined using Pearson’s Chi-square test and the cephalometric parameters between patients with hypodontia and without hypodontia (controls) were assessed using Student’s t-test. Result In hypodontic group, 19 (47.5%) patients had skeletal class II, 18 (45%) patients had skeletal class I, and only 3 (7.5%) patients had skeletal class III malocclusions. Whereas in non-hypodontic group (control group), 86 (53.75%) patients had skeletal class II, 63 (39.38%) patients had skeletal class I, and 11 (6.87%) patients had skeletal class III malocclusions. There was no statistical difference between hypodontia and different skeletal classes of malocclusions ( p = .654). Cephalometric parameters between the control group and hypodontic group did not reveal any significant difference ( p &gt; .05). Conclusion This study did not find any association between different classes of skeletal malocclusions and hypodontia. The cephalometric skeletal parameters were not significantly different in hypodontic and control group. It is suggested that the patients having hypodontia will be evaluated on an individual basis for their treatment.

External apical root resorption in African American orthodontic patients.

External apical root resorption (EARR) is a side effect of orthodontic treatment that results in root shortening. However, this condition has yet to be evaluated in African Americans. The aim of this study was to determine the EARR prevalence within this ethnicity and investigate how patient and treatment-related factors contribute to root resorption. The records of 336 African Americans treated at the University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Dentistry Department of Orthodontics were retrospectively analyzed with Dolphin Imaging software. Pre-treatment and post-treatment panoramic radiographs were used to measure EARR. Resorption was recorded when final roots were at least 2 mm shorter after orthodontic treatment. Additionally, moderate and severe EARR was reported when 20% and 50% or more of the root structure was lost for any of the four maxillary incisors, respectively. The Pearson chi-square test was used to evaluate the associations of individual patient and treatment-related factors with EARR. The prevalence of root resorption with 2 mm or greater of root structure loss was 51.8%. The prevalence of ≥ 20% EARR was 29.8%. Only one patient displayed severe resorption (0.3%). The associations between the patient-specific and treatment-specific variables and EARR were not statistically significant (P > .05). More than half of the African American patients exhibit at least 2 mm of root resorption with orthodontic treatment. However, in this ethnicity, patient-related factors such as age, gender, dental malocclusion, and skeletal classifications, as well as treatment-related factors do not indicate a significant correlation with the risk of developing EARR.

The role of orthopantomographic studies for screening of jaw bone neoplasms at the primary level of health care

Today, an orthopantomogram (OPTG) is a relevant and affordable method for diagnosing the state of anatomical structures of the maxilla-facial region and is frequently used in dentistry. With the help of this method we can detect neoplasms at different stages of development in asymptomatic patients, as well as signs of chronic inflammatory processes, traumatic injuries and other pathologies. The aim of the study is to determine the prevalence of soft tissue and hard tissue neoplasms of the jaws on digital OPTG obtained in the period from 2021 to 2022 at the Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Samara State Medical University. We analyzed 318 orthopantomographic images, among which 6 images with hard tissue neoplasms (1.89%) and 37 with soft tissue pathological processes (11.64%) were identified. The neoplasms on the upper jaw were twice as frequent (65.47%) than on the lower jaw (34.53%). The study proved the effectiveness of orthopantomography in assessing the structures of the maxillofacial region. Two-dimensional images are an effective way to identify these pathologies at the initial reception of dental patients. To optimize diagnosis and treatment planning it is expedient to use such images and employ elements of artificial intelligence for automation of the analysis, which will enable screening studies of the population of the Russian Federation and meet the modern requirements for oncologic alertness in dental practice.

Comparison of perception on facial profile attractiveness of different antero-posterior proportions in a female subject among laypersons, dentist and orthodontists: An observational study

: Current Orthodontic diagnosis and treatment plan is based on the arrangement of the soft tissue complex. This makes the execution of treatment plan very challenging as beauty is a subjective factor leading to different facial evaluations. This study aims at comparing and evaluating the perception of facial attractiveness of different antero-posterior proportions of the chin which was altered digitally in a female subject among laypersons, dentists and orthodontists. A digital profile photograph of a 26 year old female subject was selected for the study. The subject was randomly selected from the Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Institute of Dental Sciences &amp; Sum Hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha and was advised for pre-treatment Orthopantomogram, Lateral Cephalogram. The profile image was digitally altered using Adobe Photoshop software to create 11 images which was given to 10 Orthodontists, Dentists and laypersons for evaluation of their perception of facial profile attractiveness on a VAS scale. A straight profile in a female subject is perceived as the most attractive by all the three categories of evaluators. It can be concluded that this study provides a basis for understanding facial profile preferences by different groups of people as well as their degree of sensitivity.

An innovative approach for treatment of anterior open bite in Class II Division 1 patient with VF appliance (Zygomatic Implant and Spur Assisted) - A case report

Controlling anchorage is one of the foremost necessary aspects of treatment. Moderate anchorage is comparatively simple to manage with the use of some intraoral appliances and biomechanical procedures. On the opposite hand, cases that need the most anchorage need extraoral support to strengthen the anchorage. In some instances, 100 percent anchorage has got to be maintained, such an anchorage may be termed as absolute anchorage. It's tough and not possible to get absolute anchorage by using typical ways like extraoral force application. In this case report, we describe the treatment of Open bite by using the support of Zygomatic plates and Spurs anteriorly placed with the combination of posterior bite blocks. A 20-year-old female reported to our department of orthodontics with the chief complaint of anteriorly placed upper front teeth. There was no relevant medical history; she was having tongue thrusting habit, acute nasolabial angle and incompetent lips. Overjet of 12mm and anterior skeletal open bite from canine to canine of 5mm was present associated with anterior tongue thrusting habit, and constricted upper arch. The molar relation was end-on on the right side and class II on left side. Canine relation is end-on, on both the side. Growth pattern is vertical. Upper arch is well aligned with constriction in premolar region; lower arch has crowding of 6 mm. The treatment plan was selected as alignment of the teeth with fixed mechanotherapy and impaction of the maxillary posteriors using zygomatic anchorage with posterior bite block and spurs soldered to the anterior part of the appliance. The sutures were removed after 7 days, the appliance was inserted into the patient’s mouth and secured with a power chain to the hooks of the appliance and the hook of zygomatic implant, 400gms of force was applied on both the sides.

A study on the arthroscopic temporomandibular joint disc reduction on the outcome of orthodontic patients with anterior disc displacement without reduction

Objective: To investigate the arthroscopic temporomandibular joint disc reduction on the outcome of orthodontic patients with anterior disc displacement without reduction. Methods: From January 2012 to December 2021, forty treated orthodontic patients with anterior disc displacement without reduction (unilateral/bilateral) and no obvious articular cartilage absorption were selected from Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. The patients were (17.5±3.8) years old (12-25 years old), including 8 males and 32 females. Twenty patients who had completed arthroscopic temporomandibular joint disc reduction were included in the control group, and twenty patients with untreated temporomandibular joint disc were included in the experimental group. Model measurement (including overjet, etc.), cephalometric analysis (including ANB angle, which was formed by subspinale, nasion and supramental, etc.) and temporomandibular joint magnetic resonance imaging (including measurement of the condyle height of the displacement sides) were used to compare the difference of two groups. Objective grading system was used to evaluate the efficacy of orthodontic treatment. Results: The overjet of the experimental group and the control group after orthodontic treatment was (2.19±0.76) and (1.92±0.94) mm, respectively. Both two groups achieved ideal overjet with no statistical difference (t=1.02, P=0.314). The ANB angle difference before and after treatment in the control group (-1.97°±2.87°) was greater than that in the experimental group (0.09°±1.82°), and the difference was statistically significant (t=2.72, P=0.010). The variation of condyle height before and after treatment was (0.30±1.11) mm in the experimental group and (0.82±1.25) mm in the control group, with no statistical significance (t=1.80, P=0.076). The post-treatment objective grading system scores of the experimental group and the control group were 21.00 (16.00, 24.00) and 21.00 (17.00, 25.00), respectively, which had no statistical difference (U=0.24, P=0.808). Conclusions: In orthodontic patients with anterior disc displacement without reduction and no obvious articular cartilage absorption, whether displaced discs are repositioned after arthroscopic surgery has no significant effect on the orthodontic treatment outcome.