Orthodontic Pliers Research Articles

エチレンオキサイドガス滅菌後の矯正用プライヤーにおける有害残留物の分析

Since the orthodontic pliers are easily corroded by high vacuum steam sterilization such as the autoclave, these are sterilized using ethylene oxide gas (EOG) after the lubrication. It is well known that ethylene oxide and its by-products were detected from plastics, water and so on as noxious residues even after the air ventilation following EOG sterilization. If these noxious residues were detected in the lubricants from the orthodontic pliers, the patients might be influenced through their toxicity. In the present study, we examined whether the ethylene oxide and its by-products were detected from the orthodontic pliers after EOG sterilization. In a quantitative analysis using the gas chromatography, ethylene oxide still remained on the orthodontic pliers with relatively high concentration. In the proton-nuclear magnetic resonance analysis and the mass spectrograph analysis, the noxious by-products that were made from ethylene oxide were not detected on the orthodontic pliers.

The effect of routine steam autoclaving on orthodontic pliers.

Five commonly used types of orthodontic plier of similar design, but different manufacture were evaluated for wear and corrosion following a 6-month regime of routine use in a hospital department together with steam autoclaving in a centralized unit. Three different types of manufacture (metal finish) were evaluated: (1) a stainless steel plier; (2) a chrome plated plier; and (3) a cheaper chrome plated plier. Four identical kits for changing archwires were assembled for each of the three manufacture types. A sixth 'plier', always of chrome plated manufacture (group 2) was added to every kit and acted as an additional control. In all, 72 pliers were evaluated by three observers immediately before and after the trial. Visual analogue and rank scales were used to assess corrosion, damage, the efficiency of the plier, etc. Generally, all of the pliers stood up well to a combination of routine clinical use and steam autoclaving; however, the stainless steel pliers appeared to perform the best. It is likely that the most important factor, when setting up this type of sterilizing method for orthodontic instruments, is to establish a careful and meticulous routine for cleaning, lubricating, and steam autoclaving pliers.

Orthodontic bracket removal using conventional and ultrasonic debonding techniques, enamel loss, and time requirements

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of ultrasonic orthodontic bracket removal and cleanup and compare them with conventional debonding and cleaning of the enamel surfaces with burs and polishing disks. The amount of enamel loss and time for bracket removal and clean-up were also addressed. Thirty extracted human premolars were collected. The teeth were randomly placed in one of the three debonding groups: debonding with orthodontic pliers and enamel clean-up with finishing burs and polishing disks (group 1), debonding with orthodontic pliers and ultrasonic clean-up of the enamel surface (group 2), and ultrasonic debonding enamel clean-up (group 3). The teeth were stored for 48 hours in 100% humidity before bracket removal. All brackets were then removed. Polyvinyl siloxane impressions were made before and after bracket removal. Direct measurements of the teeth in micrometers were made at all steps. An additional 30 teeth were similarly prepared, and the brackets were debonded and cleaned-up as in the three groups previously described. The total time for bracket removal and enamel clean-up for each group was recorded in seconds.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

The effect of ion implantation on the beaks of orthodontic pliers

The surface of stainless steel may be hardened by bombarding the material with a stream of nitrogen ions generated by a nuclear accelerator. In the present study this technique was used to determine the hardening effect of ion implantation on the beaks of stainless steel orthodontic pliers. Ten orthodontic pliers (Dentarum 003 094) were divided into two equal groups, designated control and experimental. The beaks of the experimental pliers were subjected to ion implantation, after which the tips of the beaks of all the pliers were stressed in an apparatus attached to an Instron testing machine. A cyclical load of 500 N was applied to the handles of the pliers, while a 0.9 mm (0.036 inch) round, stainless steel wire was held between the tips of the beaks. The effect of the stress was assessed by measurement with a traveling microscope of the gap produced between the tips of the beaks. Measurements were taken before loading and after 20, 40, 60, and 80 cycles. Statistical analysis of variance and the two-sample t tests indicated that there was a significant increase in the size of the gap as the pliers were stressed from 0 to 80 cycles (p less than 0.001). Furthermore, the mean gap was significantly greater in the control group than in the experimental group (p less than 0.001). This study suggests that ion implantation increases the hardness of the tips of the beaks of orthodontic pliers.

An initial assessment of the effect on orthodontic pliers of various sterilization/disinfection regimes.

Duplicates of six commonly used orthodontic instruments were allocated to four groups. One of the groups of instruments was stored as a control. The three other groups were exposed to different regimes of sterilization or cold disinfection over an extended period. Twenty characteristics of function, corrosion, and appearance were then judged by four observers twice using a visual analogue scale of 100 units. No statistical evidence was found of routine autoclaving causing more damage to pliers than cold disinfection; in fact, the data suggested the contrary. Chrome plated pliers appeared more resistant to damage and maintained their appearance better than stainless steel pliers.

Lip burn from band seater

Infect ion control in dental and orthodontic offices has received major attention in the recent past because of increasing concern regarding the transmission of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and hepatitis B virus. ~-5 Orthodontic pliers present a special problem in that they are not amenable to steam sterilization because of rusting. Dry heat sterilization requires too long a time to be practical. Unsaturated chemical vapor sterilization is practical for pliers, but

An Investigation into Methods used to Clean and Sterilize Orthodontic Instruments and Bands

The problem of whether to sterilize orthodontic instruments and pliers is discussed. The orthodontist, his assistant and the patients being treated are at risk from instrument borne cross-infection. A questionnaire was sent to orthodontists enquiring about the methods they use to sterilize orthodontic instruments and pliers. Sterility is an absolute term and disinfectants cannot be be relied upon to sterilize. Heat sterilization causes rusting and stiffness of orthodontic instruments. It is recommended that heat sterilization should be used for orthodontic instruments and bands. However, when instruments are not blood or saliva contaminated chemical disinfection although not ideal may be acceptable.