Orthodontic Pathology Research Articles

ALGORITHM OF PATIENT’S TREATMENT WITH THE PRESENCE ANOMALIES OF BITE AND SPEECH DISORDERS

Relevance of research. Under complex correction of speech disorders in existing orthodontic pathology, it is important to establish the causative factor, because incorrect tongue articulation, infantile type of swallowing and other bad habits can be the cause of dental and maxillary pathologies and, at the same time, speech disorders.
 The cause-and-effect relationship between dentoalveolar and speech disorders has been proved. Anomalies and deformations of the dentoalveolar apparatus prevent the sounds from being pronounced normally, contribute to strengthening the habits of improper articulation and complicate logopedic correction. The problem of logopedic correction of sound pronunciation should be addressed comprehensively in collaboration with an orthodontist.
 The purpose of the research. To treat patients with anomalies of bite and speech disorders according to the proposed algorithm.
 Materials and methods. To achieve study objectives, 82 patients with severe orthodontic pathology and speech disorders, with normal hearing and intellect, were accepted for treatment. Clinical examination according to the generally accepted scheme, extraoral and intraoral photographs, anthropometry, myography, cephalometry, and logopedic diagnostics of all aspects of speech were conducted. After establishing the diagnosis, determining the treatment plan, orthodontic treatment was performed simultaneously with speech therapy correction.
 Results and discussion. The first step in the algorithm of successful treatment (correction) of speech disorders and dentoalveolar anomalies was the explanation of its necessity.
 The second stage of the algorithm was a clinical examination, which included medical history taking and objective methods of examination. The speech therapy part of the algorithm provided for speech therapy diagnosis of all aspects of speech: sound pronunciation, vocabulary, grammar, phonetics.
 Additional methods of examination were performed for the preparation of the plan, the choice of method and tactics of treatment: extraoral and intraoral photographs, anthropometry, myography, cephalometry, which is an integral part of the second stage of the treatment algorithm for patients with abnormalities and deformations of the dentoalveolar device in conjunction with correction of speech disorders.
 The third stage of the algorithm was direct orthodontic treatment and speech correction.
 The retention period is the final stage of the algorithm for treating patients with abnormalities and deformations of the dental apparatus in combination with the correction of speech disorders.
 Conclusion. The algorithm for treating patients with anomalies of bite and speech disorders consists of the following blocks: motivation, detailed diagnosis, treatment planning and tactics, the active period of orthodontic treatment simultaneously with speech correction and patient management in the retention period.

ORTHODONTIC AND ORTHOPEDIC REHABILITATION OF PATIENTS WITH CLEFT OF UPPER LIP, ALVEOLAR SURGERY, HARD AND SOFT PALATE

The problem of children’s rehabilitation with cleft palate is multi edged and complex. The ultimate goal of rehabilitation measures is to restore the anatomical integrity of the tissues of the hard and soft palate, the function of the articulatory and mastication systems, create conditions for correct speech and maximum aesthetic rehabilitation.
 Orofacial cleft leads to the appearance of functional changes in breathing, sucking, chewing and swallowing. In the process of development of masticatory system, the formation of complex dentoalveolar anomalies in parallel with a significant decrease in masticatory efficiency, weakens the process of sound production, which leads to the formation of stable speech disorders. Such children from childhood form a sense of inferiority, they have reduced social adaptation due to the presence of a cosmetic defect and speech disorders.
 Optimization of orthodontic and orthopedic rehabilitation of patients with non-incision of the upper lip, alveolar process, hard and soft palate is actual clinical problem of modern dentistry.
 Typical orthodontic pathology in such patients is the development of the upper jaw with a significant narrowing of the upper dentition (due to cicatricial changes) and, as a result, the formation of a prognosis, often deep, bite. Possibilities for orthodontic treatment of such patients are significantly limited due to postoperative cicatricial changes, skeletal malformation of the upper jaw, partial upper teeth adentia, small alveolar bone volume, low dentoalveolar compensation capacity, high tendency to relapse, therefore, the completion of orthodontic treatment often requires a double denture.
 We propose to use milled caps and present a clinical case of their application.
 The stages of manufacturing milled cap are the following: making prints and the manufacture of models; superposition of the facial arch to determine the position of the upper jaw; determination of the central position of the lower jaw (by facial features, with functional tests and subsequent check of the state of the chewing muscles by EMG and the position of the joints with the help of CCPT), plastering the models in the articulator, 3D scanning and digitizing models and digital modeling of the cap with ZIRKONZAHN Scan.
 To make the cap, Multistratum flexible was used, which is a biocompatible elastic composite material with a low plaque build-up and high aesthetic characteristics, designed for the manufacture of cynoanatomical structures. Caps are recommended to be used day and night, even during meals. Caps are removed only for daily hygiene procedures.
 Thus, the milled cap allows solving practical problems in non-stunted patients with non-incision of the upper lip, alveolar process, hard and soft palate such as: to provide multiple occlusions without contacts and protected occlusion with stable position of the lower jaw; restore the full function of chewing; ensure maximum retention while maintaining the width of the upper dentition; significantly improve the aesthetics of the smile (the appearance of "white aesthetics") and the face (raising the height of the bite, improving the profile, the step of the lips, reducing the second chin, rotation of the lower jaw clockwise); create optimal conditions for further permanent prosthetics, since digital models can be used as reference points for future permanent non-removable structures.
 So, removable milled caps are the modern optimal method of temporary long-term prosthetics, which greatly improve the functional and aesthetic status of the patient.

Research of distribution pattern of allelic genes and genotypes of C/A polymorphism of COL1A1_1 collagen gene (RS1107946) in children with nasal obstruction of allergic genesis and orthodontic pathology

Purpose. Determination of the genotypes of C/A polymorphism of COL1A1_1 collagen gene (rs1107946) and patterns of distribution of allelic genes in children with nasal obstruction and orthodontic pathology. Materials and methods. A molecular-genetic study for determination of C/A polymorphism of COL1A1_1 collagen gene (rs1107946) was performed in 99 children at the age of 6 to 17 years, for 11 months and 30 days inclusive; 30 children of which had nasal obstruction due to allergic rhinitis without abnormal distal occlusion (the first group); 23 children had just the distal occlusion (the second group); 26 children had allergic rhinitis and distal occlusion (the third group); 20 almost healthy children (the fourth group). Genotyping was performed by the polymerase chain reaction method (Applied Biosystems, USA) using the total DNA samples isolated from whole venous blood using a set of reagents SNP-Screen (Syntol manufacturer) on the CFX96TM Real-Time PCR Detection Systems amplifier (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc., USA). Non-parametric statistic methods of the licensed software package Statistica for Windows 6.1.RU, serial number AXXR712D833214SAN5 was used for processing the research results. Results. Molecular-genetic study of the distribution patterns of allelic genes and genotypes of the C/A polymorphism of the COL1A1_1 (rs1107946) collagen gene in the examined children showed that the frequency of occurrence of the C allele was significantly higher than the A allele (71.72 % and 28.28 %, respectively). In this case, the homozygous C/C genotype was registered most often (68.69 %), homozygous genotype A/A (25.25 %) was rarely registered and heterozygous C/A (6.06 %) was very rarely registered. In the observation groups, in children with allergic rhinitis, distal occlusion and a combination of allergic and orthodontic pathology, the genotypes had the following distribution: the C/C genotype – 76.67 %; 34.78 %; 73.00 %; A/A genotype – 20.00 %; 56.52 %; 17.39 %; A/C genotype – 3.33 %; 8.70 %; 11.54 %. The occurrence frequency of alleles of the C/A polymorphism of the COL1A1_1 collagen gene (rs1107946) in the examined children showed that the children with distal occlusion were significantly frequent carriers of A allele (60.87 %), whereas the carriers of C allele were predominantly children with allergic rhinitis (78.33 %), with combined allergic and orthodontic pathology (78.85 %) and healthy (90.00 %), P < 0.05. The correlation between the results of the study conducted in groups of children with the distal occlusion and practically healthy showed that the sensitivity of the presence of A allelic gene was equal to 60.87 %, specificity – 90.00 %, accuracy – 61.54 %. Since the sensitivity and specificity of the diagnostic test exceeded 50.00 %, the prognostic value for the positive result was equal to 87.50 % and for the negative result – 66.67 % and confirm this prognostic significance for the development of the orthodontic pathology in children. This will allow improving the preventive measures in children with orthodontic pathology. Conclusions. The molecular-genetic studies for determining the A allele (rs1107946) of the COL1A1_1 collagen gene in children could be recommended to determine the risk of development and the need for early prevention of the distal occlusion in children.

STUDY OF THE STATE OF ENT-ORGANS IN CHILDREN WITH ANOMALIES AND DEFORMATIONS OF DENTOALVEOLAR APPARATUS AND SPEECH DISORDERS

The relevance of research. When examining patients with dentoalveolar anomalies, children with speech disorders can often be observed. For orthodontists, it is important to diagnose the etiologic component of these disorders, namely, whether they are the cause of diseases of the ENT-organs and whether they are directly related to orthodontic pathology. In order to study the impact of the pathology of the ENT-organs on the formation of speech disorders, clinical and additional examination methods were carried out. In case of respiratory tract narrowing due to the deviated septum, hypertrophic or allergic rhinitis, adenoid vegetations, hypertrophy of the tonsils, speech pathology may be observed. Specified pathologies are subject to treatment before the logopedic and orthodontic correction. According to our clinical study in children of the main group and of the comparison group, the apparent pathology of the nose and oropharynx was not detected. Subjective and objective methods of hearing examination also did not reveal deviations from the norm. For a more detailed study of the condition of the upper respiratory tract, it is advisable to use computer tomography of the skull and magnetic resonance therapy of the head.&#x0D; The purpose of research is to eliminate the influence of otorhinolaryngologic pathologies on the formation of speech disorders.&#x0D; Materials and methods. We examined 124 patients. Patients were divided into two groups: control and comparison. The control group consisted of 82 patients with anomalies and deformations of dentognathic apparatus and speech disorders. The comparison group consisted of 42 patients without orthodontic pathology who applied to otolaryngologists for a diagnostic examination. The examination did not show the expressed pathology of ENT-organs in the presence of speech impairment and 5 children (aged from 6 to 12 years) with ENT pathology and speech impairment were not included in the main comparison groups. To make clinical and additional diagnosis such methods as rhinoscopy, pharyngoscopy, otoscopy were used.&#x0D; Results and discussion. During the rhinoscopy of all the examined patients of control and comparison groups, it was found: the nasal passages were free, the nasal shells were of the usual size, the nasal membrane was in the medial position, pathological contents in the nasal cavity were not detected.&#x0D; During pharyngoscopy, attention was mainly paid to the size of palatine tonsils. Thus, 62 children (50%) had the 1st and 2nd stage of development, 42 (33.87%) - 2nd stage and 20 (16.13%) - II-III degree.&#x0D; Adenoids (nasopharyngeal tonsil) of the 1st and 2nd degree were established in 86 children (69.35%), 28 children (22.58%) - second degree and 10 (8.06%) - II-III degree, but in all children of the main and comparison groups, nasal breathing function was not noted. In 124 subjects (100%), there was no adenoid type of facial skeleton.&#x0D; Conclusion. With the narrowing of the respiratory tract due to a curvature of the nasal septum, hypertrophic or allergic rhinitis, adenoid vegetation, hypertrophy of the palatine tonsils, speech impairments can be observed. The specified pathologies are subject to treatment before the logopedic and orthodontic correction. According to our clinical examination of children of the main group and the groups of comparison, evident pathology of the nose and oropharynx was not detected. Subjective and objective methods of hearing examination also did not reveal deviations from the norm. For a more detailed study of the condition of the upper respiratory tract, it is advisable to use computer tomography of the skull and magnetic resonance therapy of the head.

THE PREVALENCE OF DENTOALVEOLAR ANOMALIES AND DEFORMITIES IN PATIENTS WITH DENTAL DEFECTS.

As result of the presence of defects in the dentition, a range of morphological, aesthetic and functional changes arises, which considerably complicates the process of diagnosis and treatment of this pathology. Defects in the dentition, in combination with a variety of anomalies and deformations, often impede the implementation of rational prosthetics, and occasionally make it, impracticable at all one to this reason, one of the urgent problems in modern dentistry, which requires further, is the study of adverse factors that arise in the prosthetics of dental defects in adult patients with dentoalveolar anomalies and deformations of different etiologies.&#x0D; The aim is to investigate the prevalence of dental anomalies and deformities in adult patients’ prosthetic treatment.&#x0D; Materials and methods. 83 patients aged 20-60 and older were involved in prosthetic treatment. The diagnosis was based on classification have been of surveyed on Kennedy and D.A. Calveliss. Patients were divided into 4 age groups: Group I included 49 patients aged 20 to 30 years; Group II included 10 patients aged 31 to 40 years; Group III included 13 patients aged 41 to 50 years; IV group contained 11 patients aged 51 to 60 years and older.&#x0D; Results. In the 1st group, with coverage of 49 persons aged 20 to 30 years 12,5% of women suffered from defects of dentition which was under half the size of that of men (29,4%).All patients with dental defects needed prosthetic treatment. The prevailing majority of the surveyed-96,9% of females and 100% of males were diagnosed with dental anomalies. In group II, with 10 patients being examined in the 31-40 aged bracket, a significant increase in the number of persons with dental defects was observed: in women by 5.7 times up to 71,4% and in men-by 2.7 times up to 66,7% in comparing with those in Group I. Each of the examined patients with dental defects needed protection and orthodontic treatment.&#x0D; All patients in the third group (41-50 years) and the in IV group ( 51-60 years and older) of defects of dentitions were 50.0% women and 57.1% men of the third group and 71,4% of women and 75,0% of men of the IV group needed prosthetics of secondary dentition of teeth. Al l women of both subgroups have been diagnosed with dental anomalies, whereas in men. Orthodontic pathology was detected in 85,7% of individuals of group III and 75,0% of individuals group IV.&#x0D; Conclusions. Prosthetic treatment with restoration of the integrity of the dentition is one of the reasons for the significant growth of secondary deformations and the formation of dentoalveolar anomalies. According to our observations, patients 30 years of age or older who seek orthopedic help have defects in the dentition. Most often, these patients are diagnosed with included dentition defects in the lateral areas (from 35.3% to 63.6%), which are complicated by secondary deformations of the dentition (from 33.3% to 100%).&#x0D; The results of the studies confirm the need for further study of the state of the dentoalveolar system in patients with dentition defects, namely: the formation of secondary deformations, occlusion disorders, changes in the shape and size of the dentition, decrease in occlusion height, temporomandibular joint dysfunction, blockage or forced mandibular position etc.

Індексна оцінка стану тканин пародонта у осіб молодого віку з хронічним катаральним гінгівітом на тлі скупчення зубів

Summary. Today it is known that among maxillodental abnormalities crowded teeth have a leading position and often accompanied by periodontal diseases, lesions of the hard dental tissues, functional disorders of maxillodental system and psycho-emotional disorders of patients is a relevant problem in dentistry. The researchers ascertained the fact of increasing the activity of the course of periodontal disease in patients with maxillodental abnormalities.The aim of the study – to estimate the intensification of inflammatory processes in periodontal tissues of young individuals with crowding of the teeth using periodontal indices.Materials and Methods. The article presents the comparative estimation of the intensity of inflammatory processes in periodontal tissues from 104 people in the age of 18−35 years with chronic catarrhal gingivitis (CCG) on the background of crowding of teeth (main group) and 33 people with CCG without orthodontic pathology (comparison group). For the estimation of the state of periodontal tissues the indexes PMA, bleeding gums and СPI were used. The obtained data were worked out statistically. Results Discussion. It is set on the results of studies that in dependence on the degree of severity of CCG and with increase of the age of examined increases the intensity of inflammatory processes in tissues of teeth-restraint apparatus in both study groups, but in patients with CCG on the background of crowding of teeth this tendency was more pronounced. The average value of the PMA index by its criteria of index revealed to gingivitis of the average severity in the main and comparison groups of the study. With the increase of age of patients in both study groups the increase of the index of bleeding was set. In patients with crowding teeth the values of CPI index exceeded the values of the index in individuals without orthodontic pathology.Conclusions. In patients with crowded teeth on the background of chronic catarrhal gingivitis the intensification of inflammatory processes in periodontal tissues increased with age and depended on the severity of chronic catarrhal gingivitis and was higher than in patients without orthodontic pathology.

THE PREVALENCE OF PERIODONTAL TISSUE DISEASES IN YOUNG INDIVIDUALS ON THE BACKGROUND OF CROWDED TEETH

The abnormalities of maxillodental system take one of the leading places among diseases of the maxillofacial area. Thus, they are diagnosed more than in 50% cases among the younger population and in 30% cases among the adult population. &#x0D; Most often, there are prerequisites for the incorrect position of individual teeth: anomalies are formed at the genetic level because of heredity of pathologies of size, amount, shape of teeth and size of the jaw bones of the facial skeleton. If the position of the teeth is incorrect, the periodontium retains the occlusal load of the functional injury.&#x0D; Therefore, the aim of our research was to study the prevalence of periodontal tissue diseases in young individuals on the background of crowded teeth.&#x0D; The material and research methods. The study was conducted on the base of Dental Center of Danylo Galytsky Lviv National Medical University during 2015−2017 years. 1146 people at the age from 18 to 44 years were examined. Every participant of research underwent general dental examination, as well as a special examination aimed at clarification of orthodontic treatment. The diagnosis of periodontal tissue diseases was made according to the classification of N. F. Danilevskyi and was determined using paraclinical indicators. The obtained results were worked out statistically using functions of MS Excel and Statistica 6.&#x0D; Results of the research and their discussion. The total number of the examined with orthodontic pathology was found on average in 77.24% of patients (885 people). At the same time, abnormalities of dental jaw system were not detected in about 261 (22.76%) of the examined.&#x0D; As a result of the conducted studies we found that among the examined without dental jaw abnormalities 38.89±.,32% of patients had intact periodontium, that was 1.6 times more for data in individuals with crowding − 23.73±2.00, p&lt;0.01. At the same time, in patients of the main group the prevalence of periodontal tissue diseases was 1.2 times higher than in the examined of the comparative group (76.27±2.00% against 61.11±3.32%, respectively, p&lt;0.01).&#x0D; It should be noted, that with the increase of the age of patients the prevalence of periodontal tissue diseases increased in both study groups, but in patients with crowded teeth this tendency was more pronounced. So, in the younger age group in patients with crowding the prevalence of periodontal diseases was 1.5 times higher in relation to the data of their peers from the comparison group (71.37±3.00% vs. 46.99±5.48%, p&lt;0.01). In 27−35-year-old patients the prevalence of periodontal tissue diseases amounted to 72.38±4.03% of the examined of the main group and 65.62±5.94% of the examined of the comparison group, but the obtained data were not statistically significant, p&gt;0.05. At the same time, in the patients of the main group aged 36−44 years the prevalence of periodontal tissue diseases was maximal and exceeded the value of their peers in the comparison group by 1.2 times (92.08±2.69% vs. 73.91±5.29%, respectively, p&lt;0.01).&#x0D; The analysis of the obtained data allowed to assert that on average crowding of teeth on the upper jaw was found in 237 patients (52.55%) and on the lower jaw in 214 patients (47.45%).&#x0D; Thus, the maximum frequency of crowded teeth on the upper jaw was observed in the examined in the age range of 27−35 years, 60.16±4.41% of patients, with the minimum prevalence of this pathology in the youngest group (18−26 years), 49.34±4, 72%.&#x0D; The analysis of diagnostic structure of periodontal tissue diseases showed that inflammatory diseases of periodontal tissues (gingivitis, localized periodontitis) were found in patients with crowded teeth, on average 1.2 times more often than in patients without orthodontic pathology (42.42±1.88% vs. 36.33±3.54%, respectively, p&lt;0.05).&#x0D; Conclusions. Thus, as a result of the conducted studies, higher prevalence of periodontal tissue diseases was proved in patients with crowding of teeth, which made progress in increasing the age of the examined than in patients without orthodontic pathology.

Evaluation of medical records maintenance quality in dental medical organizations of Kazan

Цель. Совершенствование контроля качества деятельности стоматологических медицинских организаций при диагностике зубочелюстных аномалий и деформаций.&#x0D; Методы. Ретроспективный анализ оформления медицинских карт ортодонтического пациента в стоматологических медицинских организациях г. Казани.&#x0D; Результаты. Установлено, что наиболее подробно и правильно заполнено всего 30,7% проверенной документации. Информация о полисе обязательного медицинского страхования указана только в 2 картах из всей проверенной документации. Во всех медицинских картах ортодонтического пациента отсутствует код категории льготы. Название страховой организации, к которой прикреплён пациент, зарегистрировано лишь в 2,3% карт. Паспортные данные пациента указаны лишь в 14 (15,9%) картах, а вид оплаты услуг - в 38 (43,2%). Диагноз, установленный направляющей медицинской организацией, указан лишь в 7 (8%) картах. При осмотре зубных рядов пациентов их размеры, а также апикальных базисов челюстей, форма зубных рядов указаны в 40,9% документации. Контакт соседних зубов описан в 36,4% случаев, наличие диастемы между резцами верхней челюсти - в 30,7% медицинских карт ортодонтического пациента. Диастема между резцами нижней челюсти отражена в 25 (28,4%) медицинских картах ортодонтического пациента. По записям в медицинских картах сложно понять, был ли проведён весь необходимый перечень диагностических мероприятий пациенту для подтверждения той или иной ортодонтической патологии. Подобное заполнение медицинской карты ортодонтического пациента порой позволяет экспертам усомниться в правильности постановки диагноза конкретному пациенту.&#x0D; Вывод. Врачи-ортодонты не уделяют должного внимания сбору анамнеза болезни, оценке характера жалоб, а также использованию основных и дополнительных методов обследования пациента.

ОЦЕНКА ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ РАЗЛИЧНЫХ ПРЕДМЕТОВ ГИГИЕНЫ У ЛИЦ С ОРТОДОНТИЧЕСКОЙ ПАТОЛОГИЕЙ

ОЦЕНКА ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ РАЗЛИЧНЫХ ПРЕДМЕТОВ ГИГИЕНЫ У ЛИЦ С ОРТОДОНТИЧЕСКОЙ ПАТОЛОГИЕЙ

THE PREVALENCE AND NATURE OF DENTOALVEOLAR ANOMALIES IN CHILDREN LIVING IN KRASNODAR AND IN SOME TERRITORIES OF KRASNODAR REGION

According to the results of studies of the state of dental health of children living on the territory of the Russian Federation and abroad, the most common conditions include dentoalveolar anomalies (DAA). It is claimed that the prevalence of children with DDA in recent decades has increased from 50 % to 65-70 % and does not tend to decrease. At the same time, most authors study the prevalence of DDA in general and some of their varieties. Less they study the prevalence of certain types of anomalies and do not pay attention to a more detailed characterization of the dental arches and their correlation, which is decisive in the planning of therapeutic and prophylactic measures. Insufficiently studied orthodontic pathology in Krasnodar and the Krasnodar Territory, which was the reason for this study.

Results of a follow-up study of occlusion status in Ukrainian schoolchildren

Introduction. Dental crowding complicates sagittal, vertical and transversal types of malocclusion and it is accompanied by aesthetic, functional and morphological disorders even on the early stages of occlusion formation. Aim of the study. The aim of the study is to carry out follow up study of occlusion state of one schoolchildren group in period from temporary to permanent dentition in order to determine in age aspect frequency and mechanism of development of malocclusions, complicated by dental crowding. Materials and methods. Follow up study of occlusion state in 434 schoolchildren of Poltava aged from 6 to 11 years old (girls – 246 (56,68%), boys – 188 (43,32%) was performed during six years. Results. The follow-up of one contingent of children confirms high (79,96%) prevalence of malocclusion in mixed dentition, which increases during permanent dentition to an average of 84,33%, that is to 4,37%. Orthodontic pathology in permanent dentition becomes more expressed and severe. Malocclusions complicated by dental crowding are the most widespread types, their frequency doubles within six years, mixed dentition – 33,54% permanent dentition – 68,67%. (Rχ2 lower than 0,05). There is no statistically significant difference in factors of dental crowding presence in different types of malocclusion (Рχ2&gt; 0,05). Conclusions. Frequency of the sagittal, vertical and transversal forms of malocclusion complicated by dental crowding was 33.54% in mixed dentition , and in six years it increased by 68,67% in permanent dentition.

Порівняльний аналіз електроміографічної активності жувальних м’язів у осіб з ортодонтичною патологією та осіб з ортогнатичним прикусом

The analysis of bioelectric activity of masticatory muscles, as well as such characteristics as their symmetry and synergy is recommended to determine the degree of functional disorders of these muscles. The objective: to conduct a comparative analysis of electromyographic activity of masticatory muscles in patients with orthodontic disorders and those with orthognatic bite. The materials and methods: a total superficial electromyography of m. Masseter and the front part of the m. Temporalis in 87 people with the presence of orthodontic pathology and 22 persons with orthognatic bite at compression on teeth and cotton rolls. The results: it is determined the reduction of the average amplitude parameter of the same name muscles and ratio indexes of the average amplitude of the muscles of the right and left side at compression on rolls compared to the compression on teeth in both observed groups. Statistically significant differences form. Masseter were not found when comparing the coefficient of the same name muscles coordination between the groups, as opposed to the following measures for m. Temporalis (p&lt;0,05). Conclusion: The condition of occlusion appears on the EMG results, which have been confirmed by us in this study. At orthodontic pathology the EMG results should be evaluated together with the results of other studies (the diagnostics of TMD, clinical functional analysis, TMJ study). It is necessary to conduct further research in this area in order to highlight and explain some causes of the appearance of masticatory muscles asymmetry, its connection with orthodontic pathology, its impact on the course of the disease and the results of orthodontic treatment.

Аналіз ефективності лікування пацієнтів із суглобовими скронево-нижньощелепними розладами

Articular forms of temporomandibular disorder (compression of bilaminar region, displacement of meniscus, hypermobility, arthritis, arthrosis) combine with advanced forms of dental pathology leading to disturbances of functional occlusion. The comorbidities of occlusal pathology are characteristic of older patients (over 40), while the orthodontic pathology is characteristic of patients aged 20–40. The complexity of comorbidity of TMJ and occlusal pathology requires a thorough diagnostic study, detailed treatment plan that ranges from dental health to the application of occlusal splints of different types of action with mandatory completion of treatment with prosthetic rehabilitation using prosthetic restorations to restore functional occlusion. The analysis of results of treatment of patients with comorbidities of temporomandibular disorders and occlusal pathology using occlusal therapy, splintline therapy, and various types of prosthetic restorations at the final stage to stabilize functional occlusion is presented. The analysis is based on the comparison of axiograms before and after the treatment.

Photo activated disinfection efficiency of low-intensity laser and comprehensive prevention of caries and gingivitis in adolescents using bracket system

It is very important to study the problem of caries and gingivitis in adolescents who are being treated for orthodontic pathology with bracket systems. The method of combined treatment which incorporates the use of medicine and laser therapy has been proved effective in caries prevention. This research aims to study clinical aspects of the effectiveness of the combined influence of the low-intensity laser "OPTODAN" with a wavelength of 0.85 μm (Scientific Development and Production Center "VEND", Saratov, Russia) in caries prevention. The research also aims to study the disinfection method of PAD with "FotoSan" ("CMS Dental", Denmark, with a wavelength of 625–635 nm, where toluidine blue is used as photosensitizer molecules) combined with regular measure to prevent gingivitis in adolescents being treated for orthodontic pathology with bracket systems. This paper presents the results of 1.5 years of clinical study of 60 12–13-year-old children. They were examined before and after the orthodontic treatment: their decayed, missing, filled teeth (DMFT), decayed, missing, filled tooth surfaces (DMFS) index and hygiene status (OHI-S) were calculated, gum inflammations were detected. Before the orthodontic treatment, their mouths were sanitized. After orthodontic appliances were placed, the children were randomly divided into two groups of 30 each. Children of the first group, while being treated with braces, took traditional preventative measures against gum inflammation and caries: occupational hygiene, local antiseptics (0.05% chlorhexidine solution), the use of remineralizing and phosphorus containing applications four times a year. The children of the second group, along with the traditional scheme of preventive measures, were treated with the devices "FotoSan" and "Optodan". Results of clinical examination of the second group have accurately proved decrease in the growth of dental caries intensity and surface caries intensity (ΔDMFT, ΔDMFS) and in gingivitis level at the end of the orthodontic treatment. So the results of our clinical research have proved the effectiveness of laser therapy and comprehensive prevention of caries and gingivitis in adolescents using bracket system.