Orthodontic Equipment Research Articles

Surgical exposure and fix orthondontic combination for maxilla canine impacted treatment

Objective: Teeth that are buried in the jawbone or obstructed by gum tissue and fail to emerge from the typical occlusive surface, causing malocclusion, are known as impacted teeth. Canine teeth are kept for masticatory function strength, aesthetics, and malocclusion repair. Impacted canines can be retrieved using a combination of surgery and fixed orthodontic equipment to restore a normal arch and position Methods: An impacted maxillary left canine caused edema in the palatal area in a 22-year-old female patient at RSKGM-P UNAIR who was referred by orthodontics. The impacted tooth's position was determined using radiography, occlusal projection, and CBCT. The procedures included flap surgery with a full thickness incision, flap opening, orthodontic button insertion on the crown of the buried canine, ligature wire implantation, and flap repositioning and suturing. Results: Combined surgical technique and orthodontic appliance placement on impacted canines can place canines in normal arches and in the space available and in the occlusive position of the teeth, Surgical exposure combined with fixed orthodontic treatment of the affected maxillary surgery on the left maxillary canine was performed. Conclusion: In terms of the ultimate position of the canines in the normal arch and aesthetic appearance, a combination of surgical exposure and fixed orthodontic treatment of the impacted maxillary left canine produced good results.

Orofacial Myofunctional Therapy Effectivity in Child's Anterior Open Bite

Background: Anterior Open Bite (AOB) is a malocclusion condition characterized by the absence of contact between the upper and lower anterior teeth, resulting from oral bad habits for a long time or abnormalities in skeletal patterns. AOB leads a lack of confidence in children because of the difficulty for lip sealing and the unclear pronunciation function. AOB occurs in children and continues into adulthood so it needs to be treated early on at the age of growth and development. One method of treating AOB is Orofacial Myofunctional Therapy (OMT) which is a method to improve the stability of the stomatognatic system by involving the exercise of the facial and neck muscles. Aim: Literature Review (LR) writing aims to find out the effectiveness of OMT in the case of AOB children, how the treatment is carried out and the problems that occur during OMT. Mini-Review: OMT increases the activity of the masseter and buccinator muscles, and decreases the contraction of the lip muscles that the lips may seal. OMT is able to increase the ability to hold the tongue to stay in contact with the palate so there is no obstacle to the eruption of the lower insisivus tooth and AOB can be corrected. Results: Orofacial Myofunctional Therapy (OMT) is effective for the correction of a child's Anterior Open Bite (AOB) as a combination therapy with the use of orthodontic tools or myofunctional equipment, especially in children older than 12 years of age and craniofacial deformity has occurred.

Orofacial Myofunctional Therapy Effectivity in Child's Anterior Open Bite

Background: Anterior Open Bite (AOB) is a malocclusion condition characterized by the absence of contact between the upper and lower anterior teeth, resulting from oral bad habits for a long time or abnormalities in skeletal patterns. AOB leads a lack of confidence in children because of the difficulty for lip sealing and the unclear pronunciation function. AOB occurs in children and continues into adulthood so it needs to be treated early on at the age of growth and development. One method of treating AOB is Orofacial Myofunctional Therapy (OMT) which is a method to improve the stability of the stomatognatic system by involving the exercise of the facial and neck muscles. Aim: Literature Review (LR) writing aims to find out the effectiveness of OMT in the case of AOB children, how the treatment is carried out and the problems that occur during OMT. Mini-Review: OMT increases the activity of the masseter and buccinator muscles, and decreases the contraction of the lip muscles that the lips may seal. OMT is able to increase the ability to hold the tongue to stay in contact with the palate so there is no obstacle to the eruption of the lower insisivus tooth and AOB can be corrected. Results: Orofacial Myofunctional Therapy (OMT) is effective for the correction of a child's Anterior Open Bite (AOB) as a combination therapy with the use of orthodontic tools or myofunctional equipment, especially in children older than 12 years of age and craniofacial deformity has occurred.

Two-stage orthodontic treatment outcomes of children with dentoalveolar class II malocclusion

Background. During the rehabilitation of children with distal occlusion, it is not always possible to achieve the desired outcomes. In this context, the factors influencing the outcomes of treatment for class II malocclusions in children at different stages of occlusion development.
 Aim. To study two-stage orthodontic treatment outcomes in children with dentoalveolar class II malocclusion by the clinical case.
 Material and methods. We analyzed the physical examination results of the patient within the treatment from 6 to 17 years. Facial proportion symmetry, aesthetic, type of face, plaster dental models were determined by using the photographs. Orthopantomography was used to analyze the condition of temporary and permanent teeth, jaw bone tissue and to assess functional disorders. Orthodontic treatment in a mixed dentition period was carried out using removable devices, including those improved by the authors. In the permanent dentition, orthodontic brackets with power elements were used.
 Results. Untimely contacting the doctor, an insufficient level of motivation to implement recommendations for improving posture and dental care contributed to an increase in treatment duration. Keeping excessive cervical spine flexion and head tilted back, the bad habit of placing (pressure) the hand on the chin, and the rejection of a myo-gymnastic exercise (physical therapy) interfered with the synchronous (normal) development of the jaws. Premature loss of a temporary molar on one side led to dentoalveolar asymmetry and disruption of occlusal contacts. Additional orthodontic appliances were used to correct these deformities. Over-retained deciduous teeth led to the delayed eruption of permanent teeth and, presumably, to the curvature of their roots. Violation of the tooths root shape and asymmetry in permanent teeth crown size prevented the full correction of their position using highly effective modern non-removable orthodontic equipment. The anomalous position of the rudiment of the third molar, the refusal for timely tooth extraction further led to the increasing complexity of the surgical technique.
 Conclusion. The timing and effectiveness of orthodontic treatment of a patient with dentoalveolar class II malocclusion were influenced by a poor body posture, extraction of a primary molar, the delayed eruption and crown size asymmetry of permanent teeth, the presence of bad habits and minimal cooperation of the patient with the orthodontist.

Effect of Ethylmethacrylate and Isobutylmethacrylate on Surface Hardness and Surface Roughness of Heat-Cure Ocular Acrylic Resins

Background Acrylic resin is a commonly utilized material in clinical practice, including: maxillofacial prosthesis Interim prostheses, repair dentures, reline, orthodontic equipment, and record bases are only a few examples of possible applications. However, these materials have some drawbacks, for example low mechanical properties. To improve the performance of the acrylic resins, various materials have been incorporated. Purpose: The purpose of this research is to assess the effects of adding different concentrations of copolymers of Ethyl methacrylate (EA) and Isobutyl methacrylate (IBMA) monomers on some of the mechanical properties of acrylic resin such as surface hardness and surface roughness. Approach: 100 samples were made of acrylic resin and were divided into three groups (a control group and two experimental groups). Twenty samples were used for the control group and these samples were divided into ten samples for each group based on the tests performed. While 40 samples per experimental group (IBMA, EMA) were divided into two groups according to the added concentration (1% and 2%). Then, according to the tests performed, each group was divided into two groups with ten samples for each group. Acrylic samples were fabricated with dimensions of 65 mm x 10 mm x 2.5 lengths, width and thickness respectively according to (ADA specification, No.12, 1999). Each specimen was subjected to the surface hardness test and surface roughness test. All data were analyzed using SPSS version 20, One –way ANOVA, LSD and Post Hoc -Tukey test were utilized for detecting the significant differences and multiple comparisons. Results: The control group had the greatest mean value of hardness compared with the experimental group while the EMA 1% group showed the lowest mean value of roughness test compared with the control and other experimental groups. Conclusion: The incorporation of experimental groups (IBMA, EMA) in different concentrations by weight in MMA and PMMA had a decrease slightly of surface hardness of acrylic resins, and the incorporation of EMA 1% by weight in MMA and PMMA had improved surface roughness. In added EMA2%, IBMA 2% enhanced slightly the surface roughness of acrylic resins.

Identification of various orthodontic materials as foreign bodies via panoramic radiography, cone beam computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and ultrasonography: an in vitro study.

We evaluated the in vitro detection sensitivity of orthodontic materials (serving as foreign bodies) using panoramic radiography, cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and ultrasonography. Five different orthodontic materials served as foreign bodies: titanium-molybdenum alloy wire (TMA; ORMCO, Orange, CA, USA; 0.017 × 0.025 in in cross-sectional dimensions and 1cm long); stainless steel bracket tooth #34 (American Orthodontics, Sheboygan, WI, USA); a monocrystalline, sapphire ceramic bracket tooth #34 (Skyortho Dental Supplies Medical, China); a polycrystalline alumina clear bracket, Damon clear bracket tooth #34 (ORMCO); and a 1 × 1 × 0.1cm polyurethane-based thermoplastic material, Invisalign clear aligner (Align Technology, San Jose, CA, USA). Panoramic radiography, CBCT, MRI, and ultrasonography were used, and four observers scored all findings independently. The TMA and stainless steel bracket were visualised in all fields by panoramic radiography and CBCT. The sapphire and Damon brackets were very clear on CBCT. The Invisalign in air was evident only on CBCT. MRI was unable to identify any material in muscle. Ultrasonography detected the TMA, sapphire bracket, and the Invisalign in muscle but only the TMA on bone. Panoramic radiography does not reveal nonmetallic orthodontic equipment in air and reveals them only poorly in muscle. CBCT was the optimal imaging modality for all materials in all fields except for the Invisalign in muscle and bone. CBCT was the only method that revealed the Invisalign in air. MRI and ultrasonography should be used to detect orthodontic materials in muscle.

New method of index estimation of oral hygiene in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment with braces

Correction of the pathological position of teeth by means of braces has become more and more popular in recent years. Therefore it is very important to focus patients attention not only on timely access to the orthodontist, but also maintain good oral hygiene. Its good oral hygiene within the period of orthodontic treatment that allows to achieve the best aesthetic result. The aim of our work was to determine the level of oral hygiene in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment with braces. A 1% solution of methylene blue was used as the indicator of plaque on teeth. 120 people (78 women and 42 men) with teeth malposition, undergoing treatment at the Department of Pediatric Dentistry of SamSMU were examined. Satisfactory conditions of oral hygiene was found in 41% (49 people) of patients with braces, good conditions in 29% (35 people), unsatisfactory conditions in 21% (25 people), and poor quality of hygiene in 9% of the patients (11 people). This information indicates that the majority of patients follow orthodontists recommendations about toothbrushing, but the presence of orthodontic equipment significantly complicates this manipulation. Therefore such patients are recommended to use additional devices for removing plaque from hard-to-reach areas, as well as professional oral hygiene at least once every 3-4 months.

Диференційований підхід до ортодонтичного лікування дітей із зубощелепними аномаліями, обтяженими дефектами зубних рядів

Summary. Modern protocols on providing orthodontic care of children with anomalies and secondary dento-maxillaire deformities include the use of functional- guiding and mechanically-operated orthodontic equipment based on specific clinical indications. At the same time, the issues of orthodontic treatment of dento-maxillaire anomalies complicated by dentition defects still remain controversial, as the vast majority of functionally-guiding and mechanically-operated orthodontic equipment does not provide simultaneous replacement of dentition defect, whereas methods of pediatric prosthetics are often limited by the use of claspless removable laminar prostheses. Their functional efficiency is low due to insufficient fixation and the need for periodic replacement due to the growth of jaws in accordance with the age and physiological development of a child’s body. The use of traditional fixed bridge prostheses during the period of jaws growth is unacceptable, whereas the manufacture of split bridge prostheses with an intermediate part in the form of sliding elements, movably interconnected, as well as cantilever bridges, is limited by dentition due to the removal of only one tooth. Orthodontic appliances that meet these requirements, should be used to replace dentition defects, combined with dento-maxillaire anomalies in each period of formation of the dento-maxillaire system, which determines the relevance of our research. Goal. To increase the effectiveness of comprehensive treatment of children with dento-maxillaire anomalies, complicated by dentition defects of the frontal area with the use of a prosthetic appliance of our own design. Materials and methods. To achieve this goal, we examined 115 children aged from 5 to 17 years with dentition defects of the frontal area, who applied to the Department of Orthopedic Dentistry and Orthodontics, Kyiv Medical University. Of these, orthodontic treatment was performed in 64 patients with the use of removable and non-removable orthodontic appliances, including a prosthesis appliance of our own design: «Prosthesis appliance for upper jaw expansion » Ukrainian patent for a utility model № 145538 dated 28.12.2020, which is fixed using orthodontic bands and temporary fixation cement on the second temporary molars. The appliance has a plastic base with a screw, with which, if necessary, it is possible to influence the growth of the jaw. It also has artificial teeth in the frontal area, which are connected to the base, and do not inhibit the growth of the frontal segment of the upper jaw. Results. According to the results of the research it is determined that for each period of formation of the dento-maxillaire system with dento-maxillaire anomalies complicated by dentition defects it is reasonable to apply a personalized approach when conducting psycho-emotional preparation for treatment, oral cavity sanation, placing on myogymnastic exercises and appropriate orthodontic treatment combined with pediatric prosthetics. Traditional removable and non-removable orthodontic appliances as well as appliances of our own design were used to treat this group of people. According to the results of the treatment, the use of a fixed orthodontic appliance of our own design in children of young and middle age, which restores the function of biting food, allows to replace the dentition defect and meet the aesthetic requirements of patients, as well as to conduct continuous orthodontic treatment due to impossibility to remove the appliance. Indications for the use of this prosthesis appliance is the absence of 1 to 4 front teeth with the possibility of correcting the transversal size of the jaws. Our proposed prosthesis appliance meets the requirements and is easy for patients to use. Conclusions. Indications for the use of the prosthesis appliance of our own design is the absence of 1 to 4 front teeth with the possibility of correcting of the transversal size of the jaws. The use of a non-removable prosthesis appliance of our own design in children of young and middle age, which restores the function of biting food, allows to replace the dentition defect, meet the aesthetic requirements of patients, and to conduct continuous orthodontic treatment. Key words: dento-maxillaire anomalies, dentition defect, orthodontic treatment, orthodontic appliances, prosthesis appliance.

PERIODONTIUM INFLAMMATORY DISEASES IN ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT WITH FIXED DENTURES. Literature Review

The article offers a review of research literature containing data on treating the occlusion pathology with fixed orthodontic equipment, as well as details regarding potential complications affecting periodontium tissues, with a clinical case offered as an example. Statistical reviews suggest high prevalence of this pathology and its significance in the structure of dental diseases. Analysis suggests that there is a need to study the available research and knowledge accumulated in the field of dentistry, which may contribute to the development and implementation of the most effective preventive measures.

Pain perception toward orthodontic treatment

Background: Pain is defined as an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with tissue damage. In orthodontic treatment, pain and discomfort are two common conditions experienced by most orthodontic patients during the treatment procedure. The emergence of this pain will have a major influence on the success of orthodontic treatment, given that the pain can reduce patient motivation in continuing treatment. Objective: to review the effect of orthodontic device movements on the pain caused and the factors that influence it. Method: Scientific evidence and clinical cases were drawn from the literature to support this review and information about pain perception during orthodontic treatment. Conclusion: The pain caused during orthodontic treatment is considered a normal condition because it is a biological event that is interrelated between the force exerted, local inflammation, the mechanism of action of orthodontic equipment on the teeth.

Orthodontics as a Therapeutic Tool for Managing Sleep Apnea: A Systematic Review

Background and Objective: sleep apnea is a disorder in which the person's breathing is interrupted periodically at night due to the physical blockage of the airway. Determining the best way to treat their sleep disorders requires careful studies, tests, counseling and various examinations. Orthodontics is the best way to get a patient to have oral equipment. The use of orthodontic equipment is a non-surgical and effective treatment for mild to moderate sleep apnea. The aim at this study is a systematic review and meta-analysis of orthodontics as a therapeutic tool for managing sleep apnea. Methods: At first, all the papers (n=112) related to keywords (orthodontics therapeutic tools and sleep apnea) were searched for English databases; Google, Google scholar, PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, PsycInfo, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews covering the period from 2010 through 2019 was studied. Then, papers related to orthodontics therapeutic tools of sleep apnea were selected and analyzed (n=8).As a result to inclusion and exclusion criteria, papers related to orthodontics therapeutic tools of sleepapnea were found and analyzed (n=8). Predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria were: papers related to orthodontics therapeutic tools of sleepapnea, papers were English, papers were original and all the papers were free full text. Results: In the initial search, 112 papers were found that after reviewing the titles and abstract articles and removing repetitive and non-related ones, 26 possible related articles were investigated. Of these, 18 papers were omitted from the abstract because of lack of access to the original article and lack of sufficient information. Finally, 8 papers were included in the study. Data were collected based on study characteristics, measures of orthodontics therapeutic tools, prevalence rates and factors associated with sleep apnea. Orthodontics therapeutic tools for sleep apnea are very important and can play very significant role in health improvement. So, paying more attention to benefits of orthodontics therapeutic tools in sleep apnea is necessary. On important points is the orthodontist’s active role play in screening the patients for this disease and advice oral appliance therapy, if needed. Conclusion: The most effective treatment for sleep apnea and snoring is orthodontics therapeutic tools. Orthodontics therapeutic tools are effective treatments for sleep apnea, snoring and night snoring. Orthodontics therapeutic tools are low cost, easy to use, portable and need little maintenance.

Oral hygiene in patients with fixed orthodontic appliances

Introduction. The theme of a healthy lifestyle remains relevant at the present time. The function of the dentofacial system is an integral and important component of human health in general, is responsible for speech formation, respiration and nutrition. The goal of orthodontic treatment is to preserve the health of ones own teeth, to establish the correct function of the masticatory apparatus, to create a smile aesthetics, to exclude or facilitate other dental procedures without resorting to more invasive methods of treatment. Orthodontic treatment directly affects the quality of human life, so it is important to understand the need for its timely implementation. A large number of people seek orthodontic care in connection with raising awareness among the population and its availability.Results. The fast pace of development of dentistry and modern technologies allow us to correct both congenital and acquired defects of the dentition. For the adult population, one of the main means of orthodontic treatment is a fixed orthodontic technique, in the form of a bracket system. The average duration of treatment with this method is 1.5-2 years. But already in the first month, the orthodontist dentist observes the presence of plaque in his patients, which occurs due to insufficient oral hygiene.Conclusion. Studies have shown that a low level of hygiene entails the growth of carious and periodontopathogenic microflora, as a result of which irreversible changes occur on the surface of the teeth, leading to enamel demineralization and hypersensitivity, the occurrence of gingivitis and periodontitis. These changes, or the risk of their occurrence, force the dentist to prematurely remove orthodontic equipment without achieving the desired result. An analysis of the causes of this problem and the coverage of research results indicate the need to improve the methodology of individual oral hygiene in order to avoid the side effects of orthodontic treatment.

Comparative analysis of speech therapy and orthodontic effects of orthodontic equipment used in the replacement bite to expand the upper dentition

The period of the first phase of replacement bite in children in the Russian Federation corresponds to the period of primary school age, which is considered one of the critical periods in the child's development, due to increased emotional loads, and children aged 67 years are at risk for developing combined orthodontic and speech therapy pathologies.The complexity of the correction of orthodontic treatment at this age patients associated with lack of coordination between the orthodontist and speech therapist: a speech therapist does not accept the correction of the patient, until he had reached the incisors contact, and the orthodontist begins orthodontic treatment, since it prevents the wrong position and function of tounge.Most modern removable orthodontic appliance restrict the mobility of the tongue to some extent, thus forcing the child to move it down and back, suppressing its tone. In addition, the use of these devices prevents speech therapy correction, since it violates the automation of sound reproduction. The use of removable orthodontic appliance has positive orthodontic effects, but at the same time, contributes to the development of the second and third level of incorrect sound reproduction.In our experience, the device of choice in such situations is the Haas appliance. The use of the Haas appliance gives the fastest orthodontic effects, and myofuction therapy, speech therapy, as well as ottorhinolaryngological treatment can be carried out at the same time, which helps to consolidate the result and reduces the likelihood of relapses to a minimum.

Evaluation of the efficiency of demineralizing agents in treatment with removable and fixed orthodontic equipment in children

Before braces fixation, after professional oral hygiene, training in individual hygiene procedures, it was noted that the values of OHI-S and PHP indices significantly decreased in all subgroups. If the state of oral hygiene according to the OHI-S index was determined as good and did not exceed the value of 0.7, then according to the PHR hygiene index - as satisfactory, being within the value of 1.6.

Microcrystography as standard method of saliva assessment

Objective : Standardization of microcrystallization method as a basis for studying saliva parameters affected by various factors. Methods : An improvement of the oral fluid crystallography technique is proposed. 108 children aged 7–12 years were examined. The prevalence and intensity of caries, the degree of activity and growth of caries, and the simplified hygiene index were determined. Mixed saliva samples were taken according to a standardized microcrystallography technique in its own modification. Results : The proportion of high-quality samples of droplets and facies of saliva as a whole was 98 %. During orthodontic treatment, changes in the state of the oral cavity and oral fluid were revealed: a deterioration in the level of hygiene in children with removable orthodontic equipment with an increase in the frequency of occurrence of types II and III saliva microcrystallization (SMC) was almost doubled. After orthodontic treatment, there was a recovery of hygienic parameters and the recorded frequency of I type SMC was increased. Conclusions : A change in the type of SMC depends on a number of factors: oral hygiene, the degree of caries activity and the presence of its progression. A significant increase in the frequency of registration of type III SMC during orthodontic treatment demonstrates a higher likelihood of occurrence and the decompensated nature of the carious process, increases the risk of inflammatory and allergic reactions from the tissues of the oral cavity.

ASSESSMENT OF THE PARAMETERS OF THE INTEROCCLUSION RELATIONSHIP IN THE PROCESS OF MESIALIZATION OF THE LOWER MOLARS WITH THE USE OF T-SCAN

The aim of the study. Conduct a digital analysis of the distribution of relative force occlusal load in the area of the second permanent mandibular molars before and after their mesialization.
 Research methods. In order to evaluate the distribution of inter-occlusal force load in the process of mesialization of molars on the mandible, two clinical study groups were formed. The first group consisted of 32 persons (18 women / 56.25% and 14 men / 43.75%) aged from 18 to 25 years, who had orthodontic treatment using braces and mini-implants. The second group included 30 people (19 women / 63.33% and 11 men / 36.67%), orthodontic treatment was performed using a brace system without additional intraosseous support on the mini-implants.
 T-scan apparatus investigated the distribution of relative force occlusal load in the area of the second permanent mandibular molars before and after orthodontic intervention.
 Results of the study. The use of the T-scan apparatus is an accurate and informative tool for analyzing the distribution of functional occlusal force load within the dentition. During the analysis of the parameters of the chewing load in the area of the second permanent molars on the mandible before orthodontic treatment, an increase of this index was found in almost all patients of both study groups. In the first group in 4 (12.5%) persons the maximum relative occlusive force load in the area of the second permanent molars on the mandible was 10–20%, which is the range of the norm; in 15 (46.9%) cases this indicator was 20–30. %, in 10 (31.2%) patients had 30-40%, and in 3 (9.4%) exceeded 40%. In the second group, the parameters of the relative force occlusal load in the area of the second permanent molar on the mandible were as follows: in 5 (16.7%) persons in the range of 10-20%, in 13 (43.3%) persons - 20-30%, in 10 (33.3%) patients - 30-40% and in 2 (6.7%) patients more than 40%.
 After treatment, normalization of the relative occlusal force load was observed in the area of the second permanent molars on the lower jaw in the majority of patients of both study groups. In particular, in the first group in 21 (65.6%) persons the parameters of occlusal load were in the range of 10–20%, in 11 (34.4%) persons were 20–30%. In the second study group, 17 (56.7) patients observed parameters of the occlusal load on the second molar in the range of 10-20%, in 12 (40%) persons - 20-30% and in one (3.3%) patient 30-40%.
 In addition, moving molars involves changing the usual occlusal ratios associated with the non-identity factor in the shape and size of the first and second molars.
 At the same time, occlusal contacts on all other teeth are altered due to their alignment with the orthodontic equipment and the appearance of new contact points that did not interact before the start of treatment.
 Conclusions. The analysis of the distribution of the relative occlusal load in the area of the second permanent molars on the lower jaw with the help of T-scan after orthodontic treatment revealed the normalization of this indicator in the majority of patients in both study groups. Specifically, in the first group, 21 (65.6%) subjects had parameters of relative occlusal load within the range of 10–20%, and in 11 (34.4%) individuals were 20–30%. In the second study group, 17 (56.7%) patients were in the range of 10–20%, 12 (40%) patients - 20–30% and one (3.3%) patients 30–40%. The data obtained in both the first and second study groups indicate the need to perform procedures of grinding after orthodontic intervention to achieve appropriate occlusive normalization, the volume of which in each clinical situation is determined individually under the control of the T-scan apparatus.

Dentoskeletal Class II Malocclusion: Maxillary Molar Distalization with No-Compliance Fixed Orthodontic Equipment.

Dentoskeletal class II malocclusion due to a protruded upper dental arch is a major reason for an orthodontic treatment. In these cases, the correction of class II can be hindered by molar distalization, obtained with ‘no-compliance therapy’ that involves the use of appliances which minimize the need for such co-operation and attempt to maximize the predictability of results. The aim of this review was to outline the effectiveness of no-compliance fixed orthodontic devices in the molar distalization. After selection according to the inclusion/exclusion criteria, 16 articles from 2000 to 2019 were qualified for the final analysis. The literature shows various no-compliance fixed devices whose effect is to distalize the maxillary molars. The present revision allows to conclude that there is a need to increase the number of studies, especially with regard to the most recently introduced devices in the literature. The analysed studies allow to hypothesize that these appliances act with a minimal variability of molar distalization and disto-inclination among them, although different effects among the appliances can be observed as regards to the anchorage.

The survey of orthodontists on modern diagnosis and treatment planning of malocclusions in adults

To examine the main factors affecting the quality of orthodontic treatment. the survey was conducted over 3 years in 158 orthodontists who participated advanced training in the Departments of Therapeutic Dentistry, Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics. A questionnaire was drawn up for the survey including 4 sets of questions: diagnosis, treatment planning, completion and retention, documentation. The results obtained suggest that doctors who were interviewed conducted a complex of diagnostic measures 49.37%, an aesthetic index was never used in the diagnosis in 91.14% of respondents; diagnostic analysis of control and diagnostic models is not carried out by 72.78%, 15.19% use cone-beam computed tomography. In the course of treatment 50.63% conduct individualization of orthodontic equipment, 63.29% perform detailed bends. The rate of orthodontic retreatment in high as 63.92% of orthodontists has the corresponding experience. Completing the treatment process only 13.29% of orthodontist perform a complete analysis of occlusal contacts. Storage of medical records is possible for up to 3 years in 31.01%, up to 5 years in 34.81% of respondents, but 78.48% reported problems with storage space in clinics. There are issues that require clarification in the course of continuous education which are: rendering of a computerized X-ray examination; clinical review of cases causing difficulties; identifying and determining the causes of recurrent orthodontic treatment.

Evaluating the effects of orthodontic materials, field of view, and artifact reduction mode on accuracy of CBCT-based caries detection.

To investigate the influence of orthodontic materials, field of view (FOV), and artifact reduction (AR) on the assessment of approximal caries using cone beam computed tomography. Forty non-cavitated and restoration-free human premolars and molars ranging from sound to various grades of lesions without cavitations were assigned to 13 groups with different combination of fix appliance equipment. CBCT (cone beam computed tomography) (Planmeca ProMax 3D Mid, Helsinki, Finland) images were obtained using combinations of three orthodontic bracket materials and two orthodontic archwire with small and large FOVs and with and without AR activation. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to calculate the area under the ROC curve (AUC). Interobserver agreement ranged from 0.44 to 0.92 and intraobserver agreement ranged from 0.50 to 0.99. Teeth lacking orthodontic materials had the highest Az values at 0.84. FOV and AR activation did not significantly affect AUC values (P> 0.05). The AUC data were significantly reduced by the addition of stainless steel wire, NT wire, or a combination of a stainless steel bracket with stainless steel wire (P< 0.05). The addition of stainless steel wire, NT wire, or a stainless steel bracket with stainless steel wire combination prevented the diagnosis of non-cavitated interproximal tooth caries by CBCT. With and without AR modes and different FOVs did not influence the diagnosis of interproximal caries lesions with different types of orthodontic equipment. A wide variety of brackets and wire combinations are used in the clinic; however, the extent to which these combinations impact the diagnosis of caries by CBCT as the effects of FOV and AR algorithms are unknown.

Clinical reasoning of application of stem cells in the treatment of gingival recession

The aim of the study is to improve the results of complex treatment of patients with gingival recession on the basis of validation of new, highly effective methods using autologous mesenchymal stem cells. A complex treatment was conducted in 93 patients with an anatomical recession of the gum in combination with dentoalveolar anomalies at the age of 20 to 29 years. Patients were divided into 3 groups depending on the treatment used. All patients underwent periodontological treatment. In the 2nd group, patients underwent periodontological treatment including orthodontic equipment, in the 3rd group, they underwent orthodontic treatment, and a cell transplant based on a mixture of autologous mesenchymal stem cells and sterile bioplastic collagen material “Collost” was used. A comprehensive assessment of the periodontal tissue of the three groups showed that among the patients who received the standard treatment complex, a good condition of the periodontal tissues in 1 to 2 years after treatment was noted only in 16.7 % of the patients of the 1st group. Inclusion of orthodontic treatment made it possible to obtain good results in 25 % of patients in the 2nd group, which is 8 % more than in the 1st group. At the same time, good treatment results were revealed in 94 % of the 3rd group patients, who underwent periodontological and orthodontic treatment using autologous mesenchymal stem cells, which confirms the need for measures aimed to normalize the position of teeth, dentition and bite with the use of small orthodontic long-acting forces, to improve the microcirculation of periodontal tissues, and to restore the contour of marginal dreams. Inclusion of autologous mesenchymal stem cells in the complex treatment of patients with gingival recession is accompanied by a 1.6-fold decrease in the prevalence and gum recession (1.15 mm), and a 2.6-fold increase in the tissue volume, by the stimulation of periodontal microcirculation processes (the capillary periodontal pressure is increased by a factor of 1.1 time and the intensity of periodontic microcirculation is increased by a factor of 3.1 times), as well as by the normalization of the position of teeth, dentition and occlusion, which allowed one to obtain good long-term results in 94 % of patients.