Orseolia Oryzae Research Articles

Characterization of a DNA sequence that detects repetitive DNA elements in the Asian rice gall midge (Orseolia oryzae) genome: potential use in DNA fingerprinting of biotypes

We have isolated, based on reverse genome hybridization, and sequenced a DNA clone, pNZE25, from a partial genomic library of the Asian rice gall midge Orseolia oryzae (Wood-Mason) (O.o.). Clone pNZE25 is highly A+ T rich (67%), lacks any open reading frame and does not display homology to sequences in GenBank. Clone pNZE25 detects a 120-bp repeat in the O.o. genome, as seen from the generation of a 120-bp ladder after Southern analysis of HinfI-digested genomic DNA. When used to probe O.o. genomic DNA digested with DraI, HaeIII or AluI, pNZE25 generates individual specific DNA fingerprints on target DNA isolated from gall midge biotypes collected from different parts of India.

Rice Gall Midge Orseolia oryzae (Wood-Mason) Biotype in Karimnagar District, Andhra Pradesh, India

Rice Gall Midge Orseolia oryzae (Wood-Mason) Biotype in Karimnagar District, Andhra Pradesh, India

Field Screening of Rice Cultivars for Resistance to Gall Midge Orseolia oryzae in Coastal Karnataka, India

Field Screening of Rice Cultivars for Resistance to Gall Midge Orseolia oryzae in Coastal Karnataka, India

Greenhouse evaluation of rice cultivars for resistance to gall midge, Orseolia oryzae (Wood-Mason) and studies on mechanism of resistance

A total of 2256 germplasm accessions, 3000 advanced generation breeding lines and 150 released varieties of rice were screened under artificial infestation in the greenhouse. Among these, 15 new germplasm accessions, 50 breeding lines derived from 16 crosses and 15 released varieties were resistant. Antibiosis was the predominant resistance mechanism; antixenosis affecting oviposition was noted in 33 resistant varieties. Biochemical composition of a set of resistant varieties along with susceptible checks, revealed that nitrogen content of seven test varieties was significantly higher than that of the susceptible checks, while in other six varieties it was lower than the checks. Similarly, eight of the resistant varieties had considerably higher percentage of polyphenolic compounds in basal stem portion, but seven other cultivars showed significantly lower concentration as compared to susceptible checks. Thus, it was apparent that there was no clear trend among the resistant cultivars as a group in relation to quantitative differences of chemical components analysed.

RFLP and RAPD mapping of the rice gm2 gene that confers resistance to biotype 1 of gall midge (Orseolia oryzae)

Gm2 is dominant gene conferring resistance to biotype 1 of gall midge (Orseolia oryzae Wood-Mason), the major dipteran pest of rice. The gene was mapped by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of a set of 40 recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between the resistant variety 'Phalguna' and the susceptible landrace 'ARC 6650'. The gene is located on chromosome 4 at a position 1.3 cM from marker RG329 and 3.4 cM from RG476. Since the low (28%) polymorphism of this indica x indica cross hindered full coverage of the genome with RFLP markers, the mapping was checked by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)/bulked segregant analysis. Through the use of 160 RAPD primers, the number of polymorphic markers was increased from 43 to 231. Two RAPD primers amplified loci that co-segregated with resistance/susceptibility. RFLP mapping of these loci showed that they are located 0.7 cM and 2.0 cM from RG476, confirming the location of Gm2 in this region of chromosome 4. Use of these DNA markers will accelerate breeding for gall midge resistance by permitting selection of the Gm2 gene independently of the availability of the insect.

Resistance to Gall Midge (GM) Orseolia oryzae in Chinese Rice Varieties Compared with Varieties From Other Countries

Resistance to Gall Midge (GM) Orseolia oryzae in Chinese Rice Varieties Compared with Varieties From Other Countries

Genetic Analysis of Resistance to Gall Midge (Orseolia oryzae Wood Mason) in Rice

The inheritance of resistance to rice gall midge (Ranchi biotype) was studied in 12 resistant cultivars by crossing with susceptible cultivars. By the study of F1, F2, F3, B1 and B2 generations, it was found that resistance was governed by a single dominant gene in ‘Surekha’, ‘Phalguna’, ‘Rajendra Dhan 202’, ‘IET 7918’‘IET 6187’, ‘BG 404-1’; by duplicate dominant genes in ‘W 1263’, ‘RPW 6-17’ and ‘WGL 48684’ and a monogenic recessive gene in ‘OB 677’ and ‘BKNBR 1008-21’. The allelism test of the resistant genes in the test cultivars with already known genes Gm1 and Gm2 was carried out. A single dominant gene that conveyed the resistance in ‘RPW 6–17’, ‘IET 7918’ and ‘IET 6187’ was allelic to Gm1 and segregated independently of Gm2. The resistance in ‘Phalguna’, ‘Rajendra Dhan 202’, ‘W 1263’ and ‘RPW 6–17’, ‘IR 36’ and ‘WGL 48684’ was governed by Gm2 gene which was independent of Gm1. Two additional genes were identified and designated as Gm3 and gm4. Three test cultivars ‘BG 404-1’, ‘W 1263’ and ‘WGL 48684’ were found to have Gm3 gene for resistance which was non-allelic and segregated independently of Gm1 and Gm2. Thus the cultivars ‘W 1263’ and ‘WGL 48684’ had two resistance genes Gw2 and Gm3 together. The cultivar ‘RPW 6–17’ also had two resistance genes Gm1 and Gm2 together. The recessive gene gm4 which conditioned the resistance in ‘OB 677’ and ‘BKNBR 1008-21’ was nonallelic to and segregated independently of Gm1, Gm2 and Gm3 genes. Linkage studies of the resistance gene with pigment characters were carried out in ‘Purple gora/IR 36’ cross. The resistance gene Gm2 was found to be linked with the genes governing the pigmentation in node, apiculus and stigma with crossover values of 15.78, 31.57 and 35.78 % respectively. By the trisomic analysis, it was found that the Gm2 gene was located on chromosome 3.

Field Screening of Rice Cultivars for Resistance to Gall Midge (GM) Orseolia oryzae

Field Screening of Rice Cultivars for Resistance to Gall Midge (GM) Orseolia oryzae

Characterization of Indian biotypes of the rice gall midge, Orseolia oryzae (Wood-Mason) (Diptera:Cecidomyiidae)

Fourteen differential rice cultivare under four major donor groups were evaluated at 11 field locations in seven Indian states during 13 years against the rice gall midge, Orseolia oryzae (Wood-Mason) (Diptera:Cecidomyiidae). Three basic variations, which qualify to be called biotypes 1,2 and 3 could be identified based on overall reaction patterns against Eswarakora and Siam 29 differential groups. Biotype I cannot damage entries involving either Eswarakora or Siam 29. Biotype 2 is capable of damaging the group of Eswarakora and its derivatives but not able to damage the group of Siam 29. Biotype 3 can damage the Siam 29 group while being incapable of doing so with Eswarakora group.

Tolerance of Some Rice Varieties for Gall Midge (GM) Orseolia oryzae Wood-Mason

Tolerance of Some Rice Varieties for Gall Midge (GM) Orseolia oryzae Wood-Mason

Occurrence of a Virulent Rice Gall Midge (GM) Orseolia oryzae Wood Mason Biotype (?) in Andhra Pradesh, India

Occurrence of a Virulent Rice Gall Midge (GM) Orseolia oryzae Wood Mason Biotype (?) in Andhra Pradesh, India

Seasonal incidence of rice gall midge and its natural enemies in Madhya Pradesh, India

Abstract The rice gall midge Orseolia oryzae (Wood‐Mason), one of the major insect pests of rice, has several epidemics in Chhattis‐garh region of Madhya Pradesh, India. In the present investigation attempts were made to study the seasonal incidence of the pest along with its natural enemies and weather factors during Kharif 1983 at Zonal Agricultural Research Station, Raipur. The major active period of the gall midge was 36th to 43rd week, i.e. September through October, as monitored by field incidence of the pest. The results revealed that parasitoids Platygaster oryzae (Cameron) and Neanastatus grallarius (Masi), and one predator Paederus fuscipes Curtis were active in the 40th to 47th week, i.e. October through November.

Attraction of Rice Gall Midge Orseolia oryzae to Light Sources

Attraction of Rice Gall Midge Orseolia oryzae to Light Sources

Effects of insecticides on the rice gall midge,Orseolia oryzaeand its parasite,Platygaster oryzae

Abstract The efficacy of certain insecticides for controlling the rice gall midge, Orseolia oryzae (Wood‐Mason), and their effects on a hymenopteran parasite of the midge, Platygaster oryzae (Cameron), have been investigated. Field trials were carried out at Chiplima, India during the wet seasons of 1980 and 1981. A seedling root dip of either chlorpyrifos or isofenphos at 0.02% a.i. for 12 h, followed by one application of ethoprophos granules at 1 kg a.i./ha 30 d.a.t. gave good control of the midge, with an average incidence of only 5.1% silver shoots, and a yield of 3935 and 3840 kg/ha of paddy rice in 1980 and 1981 respectively. Granular carbofuran, isofenphos, phorate and quinalphos were almost as effective. Insecticidal treatment in general had very little effect on P. oryzae but granular isofenphos was found to be least toxic to the parasite, permitting 22.8 to 32.7% parasitisation at 50 d.a.t.

Resistance to the rice gall midge, Orseolia Oryzae in rice

Orseolia oryzae, the rice gall midge, is a major pest of rice in many areas of tropical Asia and is becoming an important pest in Africa. A chronological review of the progress made in various national programmes on varietal resistance, sources of resistance and breeding for resistance is given. Many resistant varieties have been identified and have been utilized in breeding programmes to develop high yielding varieties with multiple resistance to the gall midge and other insect pests and diseases. Mechanisms and inheritance of resistance in rice varieties are discussed. Rice varieties resistant in various countries and sources of resistance used in breeding programmes are listed. Biotype variations in different countries and within the countries are revealed, and a preliminary classification of gall midge biotypes based on varietal reactions is proposed.

Reaction of the plant to the entry of larva ofOrseolia (= Pachydiplosis) oryzae(Wood-Mason)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image sizeRésuméLa Cécidomvide du Riz, Orseolia oryzae, forme une galle allongée, tubulaire, cylindrique, de couleur vert-pàle ou blanche, à la place de la tige principale d'Oryza sativa.La larve du 1er stade se faufile vers la base de la jeune tige et y pénètre au niveau du collet. Un cône de tissus se forme au niveau de la zone de pénétration, le développement du panicule est inhibé.Lorsque la larve arrive au 2e stade de développement, une cavité se forme à l'intérieur de la tige.Au 3e stade larvaire, la galle atteint sa forme définitive: long tube creux avec un bouchon surmonté d'une touffe verte (reste des feuilles) à l'extrémité effilée du tube.Au cours du 4e stade larvaire, la galle atteint sa taille définitive.

Serious Incidence of the Rice Gall Midge in the Central Plain of Thailand

In June 1977, the rice gall midge, Orseolia oryzae (WOOD-MASON), seriously attacked the second crop of rice in Bangkhanag village, Bangnampriew district, Chachengsao province near Bangkok. Such an insect outbreak has not been previously recorded in the central ricegrowing areas of Thailand. The high yielding RD hybrid was directly sown in 480 ha between February and April. The percentage of damaged tillers and hills was 48.3 and 95.3, respectively, and the number of galls per hills was 3.3, ranging from 1 to 11 galls, During May and June, adult emergence reached more than 70% of the galls collected, but less larvae and pupae were found in the galls. The parasite, Neanastathus grallarius, was dominant, parasitism reaching 11 to 35%. Insecticidal application by the farmers using Furadan 3% G and Monocrotophos 50% EC was ineffective because of its late application. The severe outbreak can be considered as follows, a) the village is adjacent to Prachinburi province where the insect has occurred at a low level, b) a highly susceptible variety was widely planted at a high density by direct sowing, c) a large amount of fertilizer was applied, d) a suitable environment for reproduction of the gall midge was provided by the irrigation throughout the year, and e) wild rice, which is the most important host plant of the rice gall midge, was in evidence in the area.

Studies on Resistance and Mass Rearing of Rice Gall Midge Orseolia (Pachydiplosis) oryzae (Wood-Mason)

Attempts were made to develop suitable techniques for continuous mass rearing of gall midges and screening of varieties under artificial infestation in greenhouse conditions. Studies on the biology showed that majority of the gall midge males and females emerged before and after mid-night, respectively. There was a distinct perference to leaf sheath and leaf blade than the auricle for ovi-position. The total period taken from egg to adult emergence was 23 to 25 days, except during the cooler months. Infestation of 120 seedlings at 12 to 15 days age with 10 females and 5 males of gall midge was found adequate and rapid for mass screening of the varieties. Resistance of some of the rice cultures/varieties to gall midge was confirmed under green-house conditions.