Oromiya Regional State Research Articles

Women Convicted of Intimate Partner Homicide in Oromiya Regional State of Ethiopia: Profile and Associated Factors

This study explored the factors associated with the engagement of women in intimate partner homicide (IPH) through 10 in-depth interviews with women incarcerated in three correction facilities in Oromiya Regional State of Ethiopia. In addition, key informant interviews and six focus groups involving traditional leaders, Kebele administrators, and community members help triangulate the findings. The study revealed insight into women's social, psychological, and economic status prior to their crime. Low levels of education and economic opportunity, forced marriage, marital dispute due to polygamy, spousal violence, and low levels of community support were associated with IPH. Implications for research, policy, and practice are discussed.

Growth and biomass production of some selected native and introduced tree/shrub species under severely degraded landscapes of west showa zone of oromiya regional state, central highlands of Ethiopia

Rehabilitation of degraded lands through tree/shrub planting could improve land productivity, rural livelihoods, biodiversity and other ecological services. The growth and early performance of six exotic, five indigenous, and a mixture of both origins were evaluated on a severely degraded land of Fotololo, West Shoa, Ethiopia. A total of sixteen treatments were arranged in randomized complete block design with three replications. Each plot contained 25 trees/shrub species planted at the spacing of 1.5m x 1.5m. The survival percentage of indigenous species after 42 months was generally lower than the exotic ones. The lowest survival percentage among indigenous species was recorded by Albizia gummifera (J.F.Gmel.) C.A.Sm. (4%) while the highest was recorded by Olea europaea subsp. cuspidata (Wall. & G.Don) Cif. (51%). Among the exotic species, Sesbania sesban (L.) Merr. and Acacia saligna (Labill.) Wendl. had the highest survival percentage (80 and 71%, respectively) but Acacia decurrens Willd. had the lowest rate (20%). The maximum height 3.75m and root collar diameter 49.9mm were attained by S. sesban (L.) Merr. followed by Acacia saligna (Labill.) Wendl. and Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. However, all indigenous species had grown poorly, with the height growth range of 0.52±0.39m (Albizia gummifera (J.F.Gmel.) C.A.Sm.) to 1.20±0.26m (Millettia ferruginea (Hochst.)). The growth and survival of C. africana Lam., Juniperus procera Hochst. ex Endl., Millettia ferruginea (Hochst.) and Olea europaea subsp. cuspidata (Wall. & G.Don) Cif. were slightly improved when they were planted in mixture with either of the following exotic species. The dry biomass of the undergrowth species varied between 448 gm-2 (from Olea europaea subsp. cuspidata (Wall. & G.Don) Cif. plot) and 952 gm-2 (from Sesbania sesban (L.) Merr. plot. Rhodes was the dominant species in the experimental site and followed by Digitaria, Cyanadon and Trifolium species. In conclusion Sesbania sesban (L.) Merr. and Acacia saligna (Labill.) Wendl. are the outstanding species with best growths and survival rate and they can be used as entry species to rehabilitate degraded lands at Fotololo and other areas with similar agro ecological conditions.

Pilot Study on Bread Wheat Production Efficiency of the Small Scale Farmers in Hetosa District of Arsi Zone

This pilot study investigates the production efficiency of the small and medium-scale farmers in bread wheat based farming system of Hetosa district in Arsi Zone of Oromiya regional state in the central part of Ethiopia. The analysis is based on the cross sectional data collected from 26 farmers selected using simple random sampling method in 2017. The wheat production efficiencies were estimated using stochastic frontier production function in which inefficiency is assumed as a function of different productivity factors. The general low level of efficiency of farmers is an indication of high potential that exists to improve the productivity of farmers through improving the efficiency level of those less efficient farmers. More farmers operate at lower efficiency level for wheat relative to barley. Whereas the opposite is true for higher efficiency level indicating that more farmers' approached the frontier for barley production relative to wheat production; possibly due to the traditional nature of the barley technologies. In the analysis of causes of inefficiencies, it has been found that average education level and proximity to development center are important factors that affect the production efficiency level positively. Total area managed by farmer is also observed to have a similar impact on the overall efficiency level of the farmers in the study area. As a result, to raise the level of bread wheat productivity in the study area, intensive efforts have to be made for the strengthening of the infrastructure, development of the social services, and the integration of agricultural activities. Keywords: Bread Wheat, Extension Contact Farms Size, Household Size, Production Efficiency, Small-Scale Farmers, Usage of Technologies,. DOI: 10.7176/JBAH/10-3-03 Publication date: February 29 th 2020

Assessment on the Determinant and Impact of Coffee Production on House Hold Income (In Case of Anfilo Woreda)

Coffee is increasingly becoming a part of Western culture, it is most likely that they will not think of the more than “25 million people around the world [that] base their livelihoods on its production”. Coffee is the major agricultural export crop, providing currently 35% of Ethiopia’s foreign exchange earnings. The coffee sub-sector is also important in terms of providing income for a large number of households. This study assessed the impact of coffee production and household income in Anfilo wereda Oromiya regional State. The study also investigated factors influencing coffee production and incomes of household. The study followed a multistage random sampling procedure. Data collected from 116 sample households was used in this study. Descriptive statistics were employed and logit model (logistic regression) was used to identify factors influencing coffee production and sample household income.

Milk Production Performance, Challenges and Opportunities of Dairy Cattle Production in West Hararghe, Oromiya Regional State

The study was conducted in West Hararge Zone Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia with the objective to describing the dairy production and reproduction performance, identifying and prioritizing researchable issues which make an impact on the development of dairy sector, identifying factors influencing dairy production, constraints and opportunities and forwarding suggestions for the development of dairy sector. Two districts from midland and lowland agro-ecology were purposively selected. Moreover, two kebeles were also selected purposively from each district based on dairy cattle population and accessibility. A total of 120 households were selected for survey data collection from the three agro-ecologies. For the monitoring study, 4 lactating cows in each lactation stage for each rural kebeles as well as for each breed were used. A total of 112 lactating cows were used. The result of the study indicates that the majority (85.8%) of respondents use local breed cow for milk production and the remaining 14.2% of respondents are used cross breed. Average daily milk production was 2.98 litters/day/cow and the average price of one liter milk in the study area at the study period was 23.63 birr. There was a significant difference between the two breeds on the mean age at first calving. Local zebu cow has significantly (P < 0.05) higher mean age at first calving 46.73 ± 0.30 than cross breed cows 31.41 ± 0.53 at the study area. Cross breed cows had significantly shorter (14.44 ± 0.43) months of CI than that of local zebu cow (16.02 ± 0.29). Majority of the respondents ranked feed shortage as the first constraint and also mastitis as the first economically important disease problem.

Combination of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizer Improves Wheat Yields and Soil Properties on Nitisols of Central highlands of Ethiopia

A field experiment was conducted for three consecutive cropping seasons (2015-2017) on farmers’ fields in Welmera district of Oromiya Regional State with the objective of quantifying the effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers on growth and yield of wheat and soil chemical properties. The treatments included eleven selected combinations of organic and inorganic nutrient sources including farm yard manure, Compost, Nitrogen and Phosphorus application. The experimental design was randomized complete block with three replications. Results showed that wheat yield, yield components and soil chemical properties were significantly affected by the application of organic and inorganic fertilizer sources. The highest wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) grain yield (4278.1 kg/ha) and biomass yield (1385.5kg/ha) were obtained from the applications of half doses of compost which is based on recommended N equivalent and half doses of the recommended nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers (30kg/ha N and 34.5kg/ha P that half dose contains) followed by 4269.4 kg/ha and 13711.7 kg/ha for grain yield and biomass yield, respectively, due to the application of the full recommended N and P rates (60kg N/ha and 69kg P/ha)from inorganic fertilizers. Application of organic fertilizer improved organic carbon from 1.08% to 1.86%, total N from 0.14% to 0.28%, available phosphorous from 6.35ppm to 18.14pmm and pH from 4.04 to 5.08. The highest marginal rate of return was obtained from application of 75% compost (based on equivalent N rate) plus 25% N and P, which is economically the most profitable on Nitisols of the central Ethiopian highlands. Keywords : Compost, Farm yard manure, Nitisols, Nitrogen, Phosphorus DOI : 10.7176/JBAH/9-4-02

Small ruminant brucellosis and awareness of pastoralist community about zoonotic importance of the disease in yabello districts of Borena zone Oromiya regional state, Southeren Ethiopia

Small ruminant brucellosis and awareness of pastoralist community about zoonotic importance of the disease in yabello districts of Borena zone Oromiya regional state, Southeren Ethiopia

English

Bread wheat is one of the most important cereal crops of the world and a staple food for about one third of the world&rsquo;s population and is a major cereal crop in Ethiopia. One of the major challenges in improving food security is to develop varieties that are adapted to specific environment and farmers&rsquo; needs. Field trials were conducted at two locations, Hitosa (Sero-Anketo kebele) and Limu Bilbilo (Bekoji-Negesso kebele) districts, in Arsi zone of Oromiya regional state, Ethiopia in 2015. The objectives were to identify farmers&rsquo; and traders&rsquo; preferences and selection criteria and acceptable varieties among the tasted twenty-five bread wheat varieties through farmers&rsquo; participation. The experiment was laid out in lattice design with three replications in which farmers participated only in one of the replication for ranking. Farmers and traders identified top seven criteria that are the same&nbsp; at both locations (that is, disease and insect resistance, grain yield, spike size, seed color, tillering capacity, market demand and seed size, except seed weight instead of seed size at Seru-Anketo) for rating of varieties from 1 to 5 scale (1=very poor and 5=excellent). Data analysis was done using SAS and Microsoft Excel. All varieties showed resistant type of infection for the three rusts (Stem, Yellow and Leaf) at Bekoji-Negesso: As all varieties scored &lt;20 ACI. Similarly, at Sero-Anketo, Kakaba, Digelu and Jefferson ranged under MS to S whereas Gassay, Hiddasse, and Mekelle-02 ranged under MS and MR types of infection for SR, respectively. Grain protein was analyzed and Hoggana (14.27%) was found to be the highest. Based on measured trait (rusts resistance) and farmers&rsquo; and traders preferences ranking; Bika, Bulluk and TAY for Bekoji-Negeso and Mekelle-4, Ogolcho and TAY for Sero-Anketo were recommended with their full production packages. Therefore, participation of farmers in early breeding program could be one of the approaches as to identify the best variety for specific location. Key words: Direct matrix ranking, grain protein, pairwise ranking matrix, participatory varietal selection (PVS), rust. &nbsp

Assessment of Postnatal Care Service Utilization and Associated Factors in Asella Town, Arsi Zone, Oromiya Regional State, Ethiopia

Assessment of Postnatal Care Service Utilization and Associated Factors in Asella Town, Arsi Zone, Oromiya Regional State, Ethiopia

Market Structure Conduct and Performance of Live Cattle in Borana Pastoral area: The Case of Moyalle District, Oromiya Regional State

Marketing is the answer to the underdevelopment of developing countries. When adopted and practiced, marketing will help to develop appropriate technologies as developing

An Ethnography on the Community Based Social Organizations among Jardagaa Jartee Society of Oromiyaa Regional State of Ethiopia

This study deals with ethnography on the community based social organizations among Jardagaa Jartee Society of Oromiya Regional State of Ethiopia. Even though numerous researches have been conducted on writing on the community based social organizations in the country, there is a clear gap of research conducted on the theme in the study area. The study addressed community based social organizations among Jardagaa Jartee Society. To realize the intended objectives of the research, qualitative research approach has been adopted. Both primary and secondary sources of data and different data collection tools were used for the study. The secondary sources used have been clearly cited and acknowledged in the journal.

Marketing channels, dynamics and economic incentives for onion production in Ethiopia: A case study from Oromiya Regional State, Ethiopia

This research was initiated to assess the market channels and develops value chain map and econometric model outputs for the onion in Ambo and Toke Kutaye districts of West Showa Zone, Oromiya Regional State, Ethiopia. Primary data were collected using interview guided questionnaires from 183 respondents’ of different actors in onion value chain and four focus group discussions of onion producers. Descriptive and inferential statistics; value chain mapping; marketing margin analysis; and econometrics analysis were used to analyze the data. About four marketing channels were identified in the study areas. The econometric result showed that education level of household, onion farming experience, number of oxen owned, land size used for onion farming, amount of fertilizer used, access to extension services and family size of house hold were variables those significantly influenced the marketable supply of onion at farmers level. Multiple linear regression model indicated that variables like age, farm experience, family size, selling price and improved inputs were significant in affecting onion marketable supply. Thus, to increase the onion productivity, market channel and performances of all actors to maximize the profits of all value chain actors, it is important to integrate all concerned bodies of the onion value chains along with the supporting sectors.

Honey-bee production practices and hive technology preferences in Jimma and Illubabor Zone of Oromiya Regional State, Ethiopia

Abstract The study was conducted in two purposefully selected zones of Oromiya Regional State, namely Jimma and Illubabor. The objective of the study was to analyse the honey-bee production and to assess hive technology preferences in the study area. A total of 156 beekeepers were randomly and proportionately selected from four districts (Mana and Gomma from Jimma and Bacho and Yayo from Illubabor). Data were collected through formal survey and secondary sources. Accordingly, the average age of the beekeepers was 40.2 ± 8.13 years with an average of 13.5 ± 6.58 years of experience. The majority of the respondents (53.2%) in the study area got their colonies by catching swarms. Three hive types (traditional, transitional, and frame hive) were found in the study area. More than 70% of the respondents harvested once a year from traditional hives, while 25% of respondents harvested up to three times per year from frame hives. Moreover, an average of 22 ± 4.6 and 16 ± 4.1 kg of honey were harvested from frame and transitional hives per year, respectively. Compared to these two hives, a much lower (7 ± 1.6 kg) amount of honey was harvested from traditional hives. Various honey-bee floras were identified in the study area. Plants such as Vernonia amygdalina, Croton macrostachyus, and Schefflera sp. produce white honey. Half of the respondents’ preferred transitional hive followed by frame hive (37.2%). Factors which affect the use of frame hives were lack of equipment (36.5%) followed by wax quality and availability problems (34%). That is why few beekeepers tried to modify the frame hive to solve the problems of wax in vertical frame hive. In order to adopt and sustain modern hive technology, the focus should be on honey-bee equipment as well as wax quality and availability.

Shifting trajectories of inter-ethnic relations in Western Ethiopia: a case study from Gidda and Kiremu districts in East Wollega

ABSTRACTInter-ethnic relations in Ethiopia have always been complex and dynamic. As home to diverse ethnic groups with differing livelihood strategies and diverging social institutions, this country is beset with fluidity of relations, shifting allegiances, as well as building and breaking alliances. Yet, the amplitude of political temperature at the center seems to play a decisive role in the making or breaking of these relations at all levels: center and periphery. This article examines the dynamics of inter-ethnic relations in two districts, Gidda and Kiremu, located on the western edge of northern plateau of Ethiopia in East Wollega, Oromiya Regional State, in historical perspective. Based on extensive review of historical documents and on empirical data generated through successive fieldwork conducted during the early 2000s, the paper tries to shed light on changing trends of inter-ethnic relations among diverse communities inhabiting the two districts. The economic, political, cultural and ecological dynamics of these relations are placed in a wider regional and historical context, which includes the former Horro-Gudru Awraja (Amharic: “sub-province”). Competition over resources, particularly land, is identified as a major driving factor in conflict.

Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Sheep Lice in Tiyo District Highland Area of Arsi Zone in Oromiya Regional State, Ethiopia

Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Sheep Lice in Tiyo District Highland Area of Arsi Zone in Oromiya Regional State, Ethiopia

Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Sheep Lice in Tiyo District Highland Area of Arsi Zone in Oromiya Regional State, Ethiopia

<p class=MsoNormal style=margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align: justify;line-height:150%> This study was done from November 2011 to March 2012.A total of 384 sheep from Tiyo District of Arsi Zone, around High land area of Assela were selected for the present study. Cross sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of lice in sheep and to identify major species of lice in the study area. The densities of lice were determined through counting after parting of the fleece/wool at five (5) points on a length of 10 cm in different regions (neck, shoulder, back, rump and flank) on both sides of the body. The overall prevalence of lice infestation was found 53.9% (n=384). From this Bovicola takes the highest prevalence in each variable (sex, age, body condition and month) whereas linognathus ovillus had lower prevalence in each variable. The prevalence of lice for female and male was 53.26% and 56.4%, respectively. Adult and young infestation rate of lice was 51.52% and 57.5%, respectively. Prevalence of lice Infestation in good, medium and poor body condition was 64 (36.8%), 94 (62.7%) and 49 (81.7%) respectively. The prevalence of lice in November was 94 (74.44%), in January 42 (32.8%) and in February 71(55.5%). There is statistically significant difference in the occurrence of lice infestation between body condition scores and months (p<0.05) but there is no statistically significant difference between age and sex (p>0.05). These result shows that lice infestation has a great effect on the skin quality and on the production of meat and milk. From this result it can be concluded that occurrence of lice depends on body condition and climatic factor therefore owners should practice good management system by keeping the hygiene of animal and by avoid mixing of healthy animals with diseased once. <p class=MsoNormal style=margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align: justify;line-height:150%> Keywords: Assela; Lice; Prevalence; Sheep

Abuse Against School Girls as a Predictor of their Psychosocial Wellbeing in Western Oromiya Regional State, Ethiopia

Abuse Against School Girls as a Predictor of their Psychosocial Wellbeing in Western Oromiya Regional State, Ethiopia

Differences in spatial distributions of iron supplementation use among pregnant women and associated factors in Ethiopia: evidence from the 2011 national population based survey

BackgroundIron supplementation during pregnancy prevents against low birth weight, incidence of prematurity and postpartum hemorrhage. However, the coverage of iron supplementation is still low in Ethiopia. This study aimed to investigate the spatial variations and associated factors of iron supplementation during pregnancy using the 2011 national demographic and health survey data.MethodsThis study used secondary data from the 2011 Ethiopian demographic and health survey. The survey was cross sectional and used a multistage cluster sampling procedure. A logistic regression statistical model using adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to identify the associated factors. Getis-Ord G-statistic was used to identify high and low hotspot areas of iron tablet supplementation during pregnancy.ResultsThe coverage of iron tablet supplementation was 17.1% [95%CI: (16.3–17.9)] with the highest coverage of 38.9% [95%CI: (32.4--46.1)] in Addis Ababa followed by Tigray regional state with 33.8% [95%CI: (29.9–38.00)]. The lowest coverage was found in Oromiya regional state at 11.9% [95%CI: (10.7–13.0)]. Multivariable analysis showed that mothers who were aware of the Community Conversation Program had 20% [AOR = 1.2; 95% CI: (1.04–1.4)] higher odds of taking iron tablets. The odds of taking iron tablets was 2.9 times [AOR = 2.9; 95% CI: (2.3–3.7)] higher among those who took deworming tablets. Those mothers who attended the minimum four antenatal visits recommended by WHO were 3.9 times [AOR = 3.9; 95% CI: (3.3–4.6)] more likely and those mothers in the age group 31–49 years were 2.9 times [AOR = 2.9; 95% CI: (1.1–7.4)] more likely to use iron tablets as compared to those mothers who did not attend antenatal care and mothers in the age group less than 20 years. Mothers having a family size of 10 and above had 32% [AOR = 0.68; 95% CI: (0.49–0.97)] lower odds of taking iron tablets during pregnancy. The spatial analysis found that only northern, central and eastern parts of Ethiopia were identified as hotspots of iron supplementation.ConclusionIron supplementation use was not equally distributed in Ethiopia, with relatively higher prevalence in Tigray, Addis Ababa and Harari regional states. Attention should be given to younger age mothers, mothers with large family size and mothers who reside in areas with low coverage of iron tablet distribution. Promotion of antenatal care services based on the WHO standard can be used as an intervention for improving iron supplementation during pregnancy.

Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors to Lice Infestation in Sheep of Arsi High Land, Oromiya Regional State, Ethiopia

This study was done from November 2011 to March 2012. A total of 384 sheep from Tiyo District of Arsi Zone, around High land area of Asella were selected for the study. A cross sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of lice in sheep and to identify major species of lice in the study area. The densities of lice were determined through counting after parting of the fleece/wool at five (5) points on a length of 10 cm in different regions of the body (neck, shoulder, back, rump and flank) on both sides. The overall prevalence of lice infestation was found 53.9% (n=384). From this Damalina ovis takes the highest prevalence in each variable (sex, age, body condition and month) whereas Linognathus ovillus had lower prevalence in each variable. The prevalence of lice for female and male was 53.26% and 56.4%, respectively. Adult and young infestation rate of lice was 51.52% and 57.5%, respectively. Prevalence of lice infestation in good, medium and poor body condition was 36.8% (64), 62.7% (94) and 81.7% (49), respectively. The prevalence of lice in November was 74.44% (94), in January 32.8% (42) and in February 55.5% (71). There is statistically significant difference in the occurrence of lice infestation between body condition scores and months (p 0.05). These result shows that lice infestation has a great effect on the skin quality and on the production of meat and milk. From this result it can be concluded that occurrence of lice depends on body condition and climatic factor. Therefore, owners should practice good management system by keeping the hygiene of animal and by avoid mixing of healthy animals from diseased once with the use effective acarcide control.

Determinants of Farmers’ Engagement in Off-Farm (Non-Farm Activities) as Copping Strategies to Climate Change: The Case of Merti, Arsi Zone, Oromiya Regional State, Ethiopia

Determinants of Farmers’ Engagement in Off-Farm (Non-Farm Activities) as Copping Strategies to Climate Change: The Case of Merti, Arsi Zone, Oromiya Regional State, Ethiopia