Oro-dental Problems Research Articles

Pattern of oro-dental disease in dental clinic of a tertiary care center

Introduction: The oro-dental diseases are major public health problem throughout the population in Nepal and other countries of the world. It affects people throughout their lifetime. Unhealthy lifestyles, environment and oral health related behavior are the primary causes of oro-dental diseases. We aimed to study the descriptive variables related to oro-dental dental diseases amongst patients attending tertiary care center. Method: A three-year data (April 2019 to April 2022) of patients registered for the treatment of oro-dental diseases in the record book of dental department of Patan Hospital were collected retrospectively. The collected data were entered in Microsoft Excel, and statistical analysis was carried out by using Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) version 16. Result: In the study, 15,879 patients were included; among them 8,652(54.49%) were female and 7,227(45.51%) were male. The most prevalent oro-dental disease was gingivitis/periodontitis 5,076(31.96%) followed by dental caries 5,028(31.66%), abrasion 3,525(22.2%), malocclusion 951(5.99%), impaction 585(3.68%), pulpitis 384(2.42%) and edentulous 330(2.08%). In male, majority 1,800(24.9 %) belonged to 60 years and above age group, in female, majority 1,749 (20.21 %) belonged to 20-29 y. Conclusion: The most prevalent oro-dental diseases was gingivitis/periodontitis followed by dental caries, abrasion, malocclusion, impaction, pulpitis and edentulous. The female patients had more oro-dental problems than males.

A mixed method study to assess orodental problems and barriers to utilisation of orodental care in pregnant ladies of Himachal Pradesh

Background: The hormonal changes along with decreased salivation during pregnancy result in many orodental problems. The existing orodental conditions worsen due to barriers to the utilisation of orodental care during pregnancy. The objective of this study is to assess orodental problems and barriers to utilisation of orodenatl care in pregnant ladies Methods: Sample size is calculated using Cochran’s formula. The Purposive sampling technique was used to select hospitals and pregnant women from OPD of the gynecology and obstetrics department of hospitals selected in Himachal Pradesh. Using DMFT and CPI index, interview schedules the study's specific objectives are achieved. Results: Out of a sample of 112, 92.8% of pregnant women had dental caries, 34.8% of pregnant women had got restorative treatment and 25.8% had their teeth extracted. The majority of pregnant women (51.8%) had dental calculus and (29.5%) shallow periodontal pockets. The system, personal, and caregiver-related barriers are responsible for the underutilisation of orodental care among pregnant women. Conclusions: This study concluded many pregnant women face orodental problems along with a major factor of lack of dental education and no dental insurance associated with their orodental problems.

Orodental health status of patients with inborn errors of immunity

AbstractBackgroundVarious orodental problems affect patients with inborn errors of immunity (IEI), but there are limited studies on these issues.AimTo study orodental status and its confounding factors in patients with IEI.DesignCaries, enamel defects, gingival, and soft tissue conditions were examined. Data on patient characteristics, dental hygiene habits, dental attendance, and household income were collected. Statistical analysis and logistic regression were performed.ResultsForty‐five participants with a mean age of 9.20 ± 6.41 years were included. Almost all participants had gingivitis (42 of 45; 93.3%), whereas a small number had periodontitis (five of 45; 11.1%). Calculus was found in 33 (73.3%) and caries in 30 (66.7%). Mucosal ulcers, enamel defects, and candidiasis were observed in 23 of 45 (51.1%), 16 of 43 (37.2%), and six of 43 (14.0%), respectively. Chances of having caries, moderate‐to‐severe gingivitis, periodontitis, calculus, and ulcers increased with age. Taking antibiotics in the last two months increased the risk of caries by five times. Lower income increased the risk of calculus deposit by nine times.ConclusionGingivitis, calculus, caries, and mucosal ulcers were the most common orodental findings in patients with IEI. Antibiotics increased the risk of caries, and low‐income children had higher calculus accumulation.

Cystic Fibrosis: An Updated Comprehensive Review of Literature with Pediatric Dentistry Perspectives

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder, inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. It affects the multiple organs or organ systems of human body including mainly respiratory, digestive, and renal systems. CF patients may have various orodental problems either directly by the primary disease of CF or indirectly by comorbidities, its complications and by side effects of pharmacotherapies. The optimization of oral health by meticulous dental care is essential aspect and hence must be an integral part of the multidisciplinary management in such patients with CF. Thus, general and pediatric dentist need to remain updated with the pathophysiology of the disease, its medical treatment, and its adverse effects on oral health in order to manage such CF-affected individuals with best scientific evidence-based approach of dentistry. Therefore, the current article has comprehensively reviewed the existing current literature regarding CF to describe its pathophysiology (etiology), clinical features, screening/diagnostic modalities, and management strategies along with its detailed orodental implications of CF and dental management aspects. Moreover, an overview/outline of dental care of CF patients in age-wise manner has been illustrated in this article. The relevant and recent scientific literature for the comprehensive review has been searched using the suitable keywords or its combinations/Boolean operators in different electronic databases (PubMed-Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar) and, thus, included the topic-related articles published in English literature till 2022. Furthermore, the articles related to orodental implications and the dental management of the CF with the perspectives of pediatric dentistry was also searched and included for review.

Abuse of self-medication for orodental problems among populace in rural areas of central India

Context: The practice of self-medication has been recognized since ages. There has been enough literature available regarding it being there for medical illnesses; however, there is a relative dearth of information about it being there for orodental causes. The present study was planned to determine the abuse of self-medication for orodental causes and the reasons for resorting to it. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted in rural areas of Central India with 230 consenting participants selected by random sampling and interviewed with the aid of an 18-point, closed-ended question-based, semi-structured questionnaire. Results: Nearly 63.59% of the participants admitted they had resorted to self-medication without any consultation. Odontalgia was the most common reason, for which people resorted to self-medication (57.69%). Seventy percent of the participants did not have the knowledge about the dose, duration, adverse drug reactions, and interactions of drugs with other drugs they had been using. Paracetamol was the most commonly abused drug for self-medication. Conclusion: Analgesics were the most common drugs abused for self-medication. Adequate health education of the populace was found mandatory to make people aware of the use and misuse of drugs and regarding the potential adverse effects and drug interactions they might have led to, especially, when used repeatedly or on a chronic basis. Furthermore, dental health-care services were supposed to be made more readily available and affordable so that self-medication among populace in rural areas could be checked effectively

Psychological Health and Its Determinants among Elderlies of Prayagraj

Background: The definition of health by World Health Organization acknowledges mental wellbeing as one of theimportant component of healthy life. At present around 17.13 million older adults are suffering from mental healthproblems in India. Hence, in order to determine the current scenario of psychological health issues faced by people intheir old age and the factors associated with various problems in Prayagraj, this study was taken up.Objective: To determine prevalence of psychological health Illness and their associated factors in elderly population.Material and Method: This cross-sectional community based study was done on 483 elderly population of Prayagraj.The data was collected using interview method by pretested structured questionaire. The psychological problems wereaccessed using validated GHQ-H scale. The data was analysed on epi info version 7 and chi-square test was used at pvalue < 0.05 significance.Results: The prevalence of definitive Psychiatric morbidity among the elderly population was found at 13.7%. Gender,marital status, education status and certain physical morbidities like oro-dental problems, hearing impairment andrespiratory problems were found to be significantly associated with psychological health in elderly age group.Conclusions: psychological illness among the elderly population in the community is rather prevalent which goesunnoticed and it was found to be significantly associated with Female gender, Living without spouse, and having somephysical morbidities.

Understanding, Oral Hygiene Practices, Behaviors and Myths to deal with Toothache in Rural Areas

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: In Pakistan, there is lack of awareness to maintain oral hygiene and cleaning of oral structures. The current study aims to unveil homemade remedies and self-care methods followed by a majority of the rural population to cure dental pain in Sindh, Pakistan.
 METHODOLOGY: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at dental OPD of the Secondary Health Care Facility of Sindh, Pakistan, by following a random sample selection approach. Patients from both genders representing oro-dental problems of ages ≥ 5 year were included in the study. Patient’s clinical and demographic data was collected, and further descriptive data analysis was done by using Microsoft Excel 2016.
 RESULTS: A total of 1627 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria of the study. The highest number of cases (73.81%) were belonging to the age group 15-49 years, affirming that adults are at greater risk of developing toothache and dental pain. Surprisingly, about 78.97% patients had never visited any physician for seeking the clinical services. Similarly, 37.18 % of patients did not use any cleaning substance while 22.12 % patients preferred miswak for cleaning of their teeth. Only 2.95 % of patients visited dentists for proper care.
 CONCLUSION: Current research report concludes that from all the confirmed toothache cases, 22.13 % of patients sought care from general physicians in parallel with 22.34 % patients were preferring religious spells to manage their dental pain, which further multiplied the disease rate. However, general physicians at primary healthcare settings have limited knowledge and training in managing dental pain.

The Potential Application of Green-Synthesized Metal Nanoparticles in Dentistry: A Comprehensive Review.

Orodental problems have long been managed using herbal medicine. The development of nanoparticle formulations with herbal medicine has now become a breakthrough in dentistry because the synthesis of biogenic metal nanoparticles (MNPs) using plant extracts can address the drawbacks of herbal treatments. Green production of MNPs such as Ag, Au, and Fe nanoparticles enhanced by plant extracts has been proven to be beneficial in managing numerous orodental disorders, even outperforming traditional materials. Nanostructures are utilized in dental advances and diagnostics. Oral disease prevention medicines, prostheses, and tooth implantation all employ nanoparticles. Nanomaterials can also deliver oral fluid or pharmaceuticals, treating oral cancers and providing a high level of oral healthcare. These are also found in toothpaste, mouthwash, and other dental care products. However, there is a lack of understanding about the safety of nanomaterials, necessitating additional study. Many problems, including medication resistance, might be addressed using nanoparticles produced by green synthesis. This study reviews the green synthesis of MNPs applied in dentistry in recent studies (2010–2021).

Child behavior management technology in pediatric dentistry. Review of non-pharmacological techniques

The dental treatment can easily lead to strong reactions of fear and acute anxiety in adults and children alike. It is one of the most common reasons for avoiding the dental office and for neglecting orodental problems. Dental anxiety has been shown to increase the incidence of dental pathology (decayed and/or extracted teeth), increase the frequency and intensity of episodes of dental pain, and reduce the overall quality of oral health. Dental disorders can not only have significant physical consequences for the child, such as disturbed sleep, reduced food intake, digestive disorders, delayed growth and development, but can also affect their mental concentration, which leads to decreased school performance; social interactions can also be adversely affected. Pain, previous unpleasant experiences with dentists or less trained dentists can be serious reasons why the child is afraid, developing phobias that can follow him for a lifetime. To gain their trust and help them escape the fear of the dental office, children always need to be treated by a calm, warm, patient doctor who can understand their fears and explain, step by step, what is going on. Behavior management is widely accepted as a key factor in providing oral and dental care to children. It is imperative that any behavioral approach of the pediatric patient be based on empathy and concern for the physical and mental well-being of each child. A wide variety of behavioral management techniques (pharmacological and non-pharmacological) are available to pediatric dentists. It is important to choose the right one for the benefit of each child patient, depending on the individual’s physical and mental characteristics in each case.

AYURVEDIC DANTA DHAVANA - A NEED OF TIME: A REVIEW

Dhantadhavana is an important procedure for maintaining the oral hygiene. In Ayurveda there is detail explanation about Dantadhavana methods, procedure, action of drugs, benefits etc. due to civilization Ayurveda twigs and tooth powders got replaced by contemporary plastic made toothbrushes and chemical based toothpastes. Toothbrushes are made of plastic; hence it is an alarming sign for soil and air pollution. Contemporary science recommends usage of chemical-based toothpaste with added sweet flavouring agents. Action of toothpaste maybe bactericidal but data from W.H.O over Oro-dental disorders per year gives an idea that action of bactericidal is not up to mark. In Ayurveda rasa Siddhant-katu (pungent taste), tikta (bitter taste), Kashaya (astringent taste) is given much importance for Dantadhavana due to antibacterial, antiseptic action. Current world is shifting towards ayurvedic principles of daily regimens to maintain and promote the health. This paper will discuss over problems due to usage of contemporary toothbrushes and chemical based paste and ayurvedic view of Dantadhavana and solution by Ayurveda to come over the Oro-dental problems.

Knowledge on oro-dental problems among smokeless tobacco users in an urban area

Knowledge on oro-dental problems among smokeless tobacco users in an urban area

Locker’s Model for Assessing Periodontal Health Status of the Lawyers in Bhopal

Background: The current study is intended to assess the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL)comprising Locker’s model among lawyers in Bhopal city. This study was framed to integrate OHRQoL with morbid and terminal dental condition allied to periodontal health assessment by encompassing Locker’s Model. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted incorporating 250 lawyers of Bhopal city. The evaluation and association of periodontal status and OHRQoL by Leao and Sheiham 5-scale questionnaire was used in the present study. Post data collection, periodontal health status of lawyers was observed, the association between the dimensionsof Dental Impact on Daily Living (DIDL) Scale with each construct of Locker’s conceptual model of oral health was complemented. The collected data were tabulated using Excel, and analysis was done using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 19.0 version. Pearson correlation test, ANOVA, and Post hoc test were used to test the significance. Results: Observation included 29.6% of lawyers were dissatisfied with their teeth and existing oral health. All the dimensions of DIDL Scale show a statistically positive association with each other and Community Periodontal Index highest score with pain and eating restrictions. Conclusion: Oro-dental diseases or problems have definitive effects on patient’s satisfaction with different aspects of their dentition and also experienced greater psychological discomfort. As rightly said by the WHO “Oral Health for Healthy Life” and oral cavity is the gateway of general health, so oro-dental problems cannot be unkempt.

CLINICAL STUDY OF KARANJA CHURNA FOR DANTADHAVANA

Dantadhavana is important procedures of dinacharya for maintaining health of oral cavity. Karanja has krimighna action. It reduces dantamala,dantamalinata,asyavairasya mukhadaurgandh. As karanja having katu, tikta rasa, tiksha, ushna guna it is effective in improving oral hygiene. And dantadhavana upkrama has signicant importance in maintenance of oral hygiene. Clinical study conducted of karanja churna (pongamia pinnata linn.) For dantadhavana .Clinical study conducted on 30 individuals for period of 45 days. These individuals divided in 2 groups 3 observations taken by after 15 days for each Thus from observed data and discussion katu rasa pradhan karanja is highly signicant in various oro-dental problems and it increases taste recognizing power. More effective in maintaining healthy dental as well as total overall hygiene,

Geriatric Women: An Unheard Voice

Background: Geriatric age group constitutes 8.3% of India’s population, with sex ratio in favour of elderly women by 1022:1000. Health problems of women in geriatric age in particular have not been explored reasonably and therefore little attention from health planners was made available for geriatric women across the developing countries including India. Objectives: 1.To assess the magnitude and pattern of health problems in geriatric women, 2. To find out relation between socio-demographic factors and health problems of subjects. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among geriatric women aged 60 years and above (n=512), residing at Kalyanpuri, a resettlement colony in Delhi. An interview in their local language with the help of a pre-structured and pre-tested proforma along with physical examination was carried out. Diagnosis was made on the basis of history, clinical examination and available treatment and/ or investigation reports. Data was analysed using SPSS version 12. For comparison of proportions, chi-square test was used. Results: Out of 512 geriatric women, 80% belonged to 60-69 years age group.74.8% reported one or more morbidities. On an average 4 morbidities were found in most of the subjects. The most prevalent morbidity was arthritis (46.9%) followed by cataract (42.0%), acid peptic disorder (35.4%), oro-dental problems (34.6%) and respiratory problems (22.1%). Among the socio-demographic variables, age, literacy status, marital status were significantly associated with morbidities (P<0.05). Conclusion: Very high prevalence of morbidities was found among geriatric women, in the study area. This indicates the need for an accessible, affordable, pro-elderly, comprehensive health services in the community.

Orodental, Facial and Clinical Features of Mutation-Positive Noonan Syndrome: A Monocentric Study.

To evaluate orodental, facial, clinical and molecular characteristics of the patients with Noonan Syndrome (NS). The orodental, clinical and molecular characteristics of 29 mutation-positive patients with NS were recorded. Orodental examination was performed in 17 patients. All exons and exonintron boundries of PTPN11 and SOS1 genes were analyzed by Sanger sequencing. A total of 29 patients with NS from 27 unrelated families were included in the study. Seventeen patients were examined by a specialist in oral medicine. The most common orodental findings were high-arched palate (n=13), gingivitis (n=6) and severe caries (n=6). Anterior open bite, posterior cross bite, Class II malocclusion, hypodontia, prognathism (maxillary or mandibular), macroglossia and gingival hyperplasia were also detected. Thirteen different mutations were observed in PTPN11 gene and exon 3 was the hotspot region. Hypodontia was detected in two patients who had the same mutation in PTPN11 gene, c.181G>A, p.D61N. This study indicated a high prevalance of orodental problems including high-arched palate, severe dental caries and gingivitis in patients with mutation-positive NS. The mutation in PTPN11 gene, c.181G>A, p.D61N, may be associated with hypodontia in patients with NS.

Morbidity Profile of Elderly in South & Western India

Introduction: This review focuses on the morbidity profile of elderly living in South and western India. The study reviews 8 community based studies involving a population of 3442 elderly involving both rural and urban areas. Results: The review showed that Musculoskeletal problems are the most unmet need of the elderly with 43.1% suffering from pain due to musculoskeletal problems. Eye problems (35.2%), Anemia (37.6 %), orodental problems (34.3%), Hypertension 31%, Dia betes 21.1% were other common problems Respiratory disorders (13.6%) Ear Problems (13.6%), Genitourinary problems (12.4%) Digestive problems (12.1%) although less common need attention. Neurological problems (8.(%), mental health problems (3.1%) although were less common, in study nearly 43 % reported that they were unahappy. Geriatric giants such as frequent falls, Depression, Urinary incontinence and dementia data were not available although one study reported falls with a frequency of 37.3% and one study reported depression in 5.6%. Hearing impairment was reported by 17.3% Conclusions: It is important that the primary care physicians be trained in comprehensive geriatric management of all comorbidity. However a team consisting of a nurse, social worker and physiotherapist are essential at primary care leve. Speciallists such as orthopedic surgeons, ENT surgeons, Eye camp teams, dental team, Neurolgists, physicians need to visit health centres at least once in two months to provide Comprehensive care. Diabetes Hypertension and asthma care at primary level should be goal oriented and guideline based and necessary drugs and devices such as inhalers are necessary at primary care level. Nutritionist must visit primary care centre for counseling on diet to tackle anemia, diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidemia.

Oro-dental pathologies in acromegaly.

Oro-dental pathologies (ODP) such as enlargement of the tongue, mandibular prognathism, and spaced teeth are characteristic features of acromegaly. Their frequency of occurrence during the course of the disease is largely unresolved. Purpose of this study was to assess ODP and oro-dental treatments in patients with acromegaly with regard to the length of the diagnostic process, tumor histology, and quality of life (QoL). Single-center retrospective survey study using questionnaires on dental symptoms, diagnostic process, and treatment in patients with acromegaly operated on a growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenoma. The association between ODP and QoL was assessed using the Short-Form 36 (SF-36) Health Survey. 145/314 patients completed the questionnaires. 80.7% were affected by any ODP, most frequently enlargement of the tongue (57.9%), spaced teeth (42.8%), mandibular growth (24.1%), and mandibular prognathism (22.1%). ODP were significantly more frequent in patients with sparsely vs. densely granulated adenomas (p = 0.045). Early diagnosis within 2 years was associated with significantly fewer ODP than later diagnosis (68.5 vs. 87.2%, p = 0.009). Treatments included dental crowns (16.6%), dental bridges (12.4%), dental implants (9.7%), dental prostheses (3.4%), orthodontal (i.e., braces, 6.9%), and surgical correction of the teeth (2.1%). Physical QoL was significantly lower in patients with ODP than in those without (p = 0.014). In our large series of patients, four of five patients were affected by ODP at any time during the course of the disease. The results highlight the importance of early identification and treatment of oro-dental problems in patients with acromegaly as hallmarks of the disease.

Knowledge about causes and prevention of oral diseases among higher secondary school students in Vellore District, Tamil Nadu, India: A cross-sectional survey

Background: Awareness regarding oral diseases and its prevention aids in the development of correct oral health practices, thereby controlling oro-dental problems; hence, this study aimed to evaluate the level of oral health knowledge pertaining to its causes and prevention among higher secondary school students in Walajapet, Vellore district, India. Materials and Methods: The survey was carried out among 400 schoolchildren who were in the age group of 16–18 years studying in various schools of Walajapet in Vellore district. Data on knowledge about oral diseases were collected by means of self-administered questionnaire. The results were analyzed by descriptive statistics and Chi-square test using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 19. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 400 secondary school students with an age range of 16–18 years and mean age of 17.2 ± 10.44 years participated in the study. About 324 (81.0%) secondary school students had adequate level of knowledge on causes and prevention dental caries, 267 (66.7%) school students were aware of causes and prevention of periodontal diseases, only 195 (48.7%) school students had awareness on cause and prevention of oral cancer, and 305 (76.2%) students were familiar with causes and prevention of dental malocclusion. Conclusion: Majority of schoolchildren showed adequate knowledge toward causes and prevention of dental caries, periodontal disease, and dental malocclusion but had inadequate knowledge toward oral cancer.

Oral hygiene and mouth care for older people in acute hospitals: part 2.

Acute hospital admission provides an excellent opportunity to address poor oral health in older people, a group rarely seen by dental professionals and for who oral health activity in hospital is inconsistent and generally suboptimal. This two-part article explores oral hygiene and mouth care provision for older adults in acute hospitals. The first article presented the findings of a literature review exploring oral and dental disease in older adults, the importance of good oral health and mouth care, and the current situation. The second article explores clinical recommendations. A change in philosophy is needed to embed oral care as an essential component of holistic practice. More research is needed to determine the best ways to assess and treat oro-dental problems in older people, and promote and restore their oral health in hospitals. Great potential exists to innovate and develop new ways of providing care to this group.

The common oro-dental problems among patients attending Ohud dental care and implant center at Bogra, Bangladesh

A descriptive type of cross sectional study on exploring the common oro-dental problems among the patients attending outpatient department of Ohud Dental Care and implant center, Bogra was conducted during the period from May to July’ 2013. The objectives of this study were to identify the common oro-dental problems for assessing the level of knowledge regarding dental care practices among the respondents. A questionnaire based data were collected and the sample compares 414 respondents of all age groups. The highest percentage of the patients had complaints of periodontitis (73.9%) followed by gingivitis (64.3%), dental caries (40.6%), attrition (10.4%), mobility (5.8%), broken teeth (5.6%) and alveolar abscess (6.3%). Considering the pattern of inflammation, 425.5% had inflammatory or-dental problems and 56.6% had non-inflammatory oro-dental problems. On examination also revealed that 3 1.9% unhealthy gums, 3.9% had unhealthy tonsils, 10.3% had diseased tongue, 10.7% had diseases mucosa and 4.1% had apthus ulcer. The proportion of illiterate patients were higher among the inflammatory disease (16.7%) compared to non-inflammatory disease (9.8%), where as respondents having graduate level of education were higher among the non- inflammatory disease (30.8%) compared to inflammatory diseases (8.3%). There was significant association between the oro-dental problems and food habit (p&gt;O.O5) except liking of sweet and habit of area nut and lime (p&lt;O.05). This indicated that the proportion of non-inflammatory dental problems were higher among the patients habituate with sweet (82.5%) compared to inflammatory disease (72.2%). But the proportion of inflammatory disease was higher among the patients having habituated with chewing areca nut line (35.0%) than non- inflammatory disease (26.1%). Knowledge of causes of dental problems higher among the patients having non-inflammatory disease (62.0%) compared to inflammatory disease (46.7%) and the difference was statistically significant (p&lt;O.001). Similarly, the proportion of visiting dental surgeon was significantly (p&lt;0.001) higher among the patients having non-inflammatory disease (4.4%).International Journal of Natural Sciences (2015), 5(1) 15-20