Ornamental Fish Species Research Articles

Population pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin and florfenicol in the giant danio (Devario aequipinnatus) following oral administration of both antibiotics and bath administration of enrofloxacin

The lack of pharmacokinetic and drug exposure data, even for commonly utilized antibiotics, in freshwater ornamental teleost fish species magnifies the difficulties in treating bacterial pathogens. This study aimed to determine the population pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin and florfenicol and to predict their probability of target attainment for giant danio (Devario aequipinnatus), a close relative of the commercially and biomedically important zebra danio (Danio rerio). Enrofloxacin was dosed orally at 8 mg/kg or via bath at 10 mg/L in 95 fish, and florfenicol orally at 60 mg/kg in 56 fish. Informative sampling times were identified by optimal design analysis. Drug concentrations in blood and muscle homogenate were quantified by LC-MS/MS and modelled by population pharmacokinetics. Monte Carlo simulations were used to predict the probability of pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) target attainment. The apparent total clearance was 1.17 mL/h (33.9% coefficient of variation [CV] for between animal variability) for enrofloxacin and 1.89 mL/h (20.9% CV) for florfenicol. The ratio of drug exposure in muscle homogenate compared to that in plasma was 1.61 (33.3% CV) for enrofloxacin and 0.782 (19.4% CV) for florfenicol. Oral florfenicol at 60 mg/kg robustly covered MICs up to 2 to 4 mg/L, depending on the PK/PD target. While oral enrofloxacin (8 mg/kg) robustly covered MICs up to 0.125 to 0.5 mg/L, bath dosing at 10 mg/L for 5 or 10 h only covered MICs up to 0.0156 to 0.125 mg/L. These Monte Carlo simulations provided guidance on the range of MICs that result in high probabilities of successful treatment.

Growth and nutritional health of Pterophyllum scalare juveniles: Unleashing the benefits of feeding with Artemia sp. in aquariums

Pterophyllum scalare is a popular ornamental fish species, but current rearing methods result in high mortality, low fertility, disease incidence, and slow growth in aquarium conditions. Research on co-feeding for ornamental fish at the juvenile or adult stage needs to be completed. This study implemented a “snacking” feeding strategy using Artemia sp. to evaluate changes in fish survival rate, growth performance, and enzyme activity related to digestion, antioxidants, and immunity in a recirculating aquaculture system. Two feeding strategies were tested: one group was fed a commercial diet plus Artemia sp. (0.1% of diet) as “snacking,” and another group was fed only the commercial diet as normal. “Snacking” with Artemia sp. enhanced fish’s survival and growth performance, with higher relative weight rate, standard length, and total length than the control group. Specific growth rates for weight, standard length, and total length were also more significant in the supplemented group compared to the control group. The activity of amylase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase was substantially higher in the supplemented group. Adding Artemia sp. as a supplement under a “snacking” feeding strategy to the control diet was beneficial for P. scalare juvenile rearing and can guide managing recirculating farming activities.

Gonadal transcriptome analysis of paradise fish Macropodus opercularis to reveal sex-related genes

Macropodus opercularis is an ornamental fish species endemic to China, with obvious sexual dimorphism in phenotype. To obtain the gene expression profile of the gonads of M. opercularis and explore its sex-related genes, six cDNA libraries were constructed from the sexually mature M. opercularis, and RNA-seq analysis was performed. The sequenced clean data were assembled by de novo splicing to generate 171,415 unigenes, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) screening revealed that there were 41,638 DEGs in the gonads of M. opercularis. By comparing those DEGS in the ovary with the testis, we found 29,870 DEGs were upregulated and 11,768 DEGs were downregulated. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis showed that GO terms related to cell cycle and gamete formation were enriched, and pathway signals related to sex differences, such as FoxO signalling pathway and PI3K-Akt signalling pathway, were also detected. Reverse transcript fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) validation of 14 DEGs associated with sex differences showed that the RT-qPCR results were consistent with RNA-Seq analysis, and five genes, foxl2, sox3, foxo, zar1, cyp19a1, were significantly expressed in the ovaries. dmrt1, cyp11b, amh, sf1, sox9, gdf6, dmrt3, fstl1 and hsd11b2, a total of nine genes were significantly expressed in the testis. The results of this study provide a basis for the study of gonadal differentiation, developmental mechanisms and related functional genes in M. opercularis.

Diversity of myxozoans (Cnidaria) infecting Neotropical fishes in southern Mexico

Myxozoans are a unique group of microscopic parasites that infect mainly fishes. These extremely reduced cnidarians are highly diverse and globally distributed in freshwater and marine habitats. Myxozoan diversity dimension is unknown in Mexico, a territory of an extraordinary biological diversity. This study aimed to explore, for the first time, myxozoan parasite diversity from fishes of the Neotropical region of Mexico. We performed a large morphological and molecular screening using host tissues of 22 ornamental and food fish species captured from different localities of Veracruz, Oaxaca and Chiapas. Myxozoan infections were detected in 90% of the fish species, 65% of them had 1 or 2 and 35% had 3 and up to 8 myxozoan species. Forty-one putative new species were identified using SSU rDNA phylogenetic analyses, belonging to two main lineages: polychaete-infecting (5 species) and oligochaete-infecting (36 species) myxozoans; from those we describe 4 new species: Myxidium zapotecus sp. n., Zschokkella guelaguetza sp. n., Ellipsomyxa papantla sp. n. and Myxobolus zoqueus sp. n. Myxozoan detection increased up to 6 × using molecular screening, which represents 3.7 × more species detected than by microscopy. This study demonstrated that Neotropical fishes from Mexico are hosts of a multitude of myxozoans, representing a source of emerging diseases with large implications for economic and conservation reasons.

Ornamental Fish Diversity of some Wetlands in Nimati, Jorhat, Assam

The main sources of air-breathing and attractive fish species in the Brahmaputra basin are the wetland or the floodplain lakes. A significant number of riverine species are transported in the wetland areas by the flood impulse of the Brahmaputra and its tributaries. Various types of ornamental fish can be found in the marshes of Assam. There are numerous wetlands nearby Brahmaputra River in the Nimati Ghat of the Jorhat district of Assam. Many riverine species use wetlands as breeding and feeding areas. Unfortunately, the fish population in wetland areas is declining as a result of habitat destruction. The present communication deals with the ornamental fish diversity in some wetlands nearby Nimati, Jorhat. The study was conducted in three important wetlands of Nimati, Jorhat District namely Borsola, Sarala and Gohain beel during monsoon season. A total of 56 ornamental fish species from different genus has been recorded from the wetlands. The fish found in these wetlands are a source of livelihood to the local population. Some fish are utilized for therapeutic purposes as well.

Deep spatiotemporal transcriptome analysis provides new insights into early development of koi carp (Cyprinus carpio var. koi)

Koi carp, a colorful variety of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio), is a rich genetic resource for studies on skin color differentiation and pigmentation, as well as for breeding and selection of ornamental fish species. An improved comprehension of the genetic regulation of early developmental processes in koi will facilitate future applications of precision breeding and gene editing related to pigment cell development. A comparative transcriptome analysis of six early developmental stages, namely Mu (multicellular cleavage), Bl (blastocyst), Ga (gastrulation), Ne (neurulation), Oc (organogenesis) and 7Dph (7 days post hatching) on a global scale was performed. 124.9 Gb of clean data was generated from 18 transcriptomes with a mapping efficiency of over 87.86%. A total of 49,717 known and 3384 novel genes were identified, of which 77, 153, 89, 132, 158 and 1071 were specifically expressed in each stage, respectively, while 35,009 genes were present at an expression level in all six stages. Furthermore, 33,986 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in comparison between adjacent stages, and 30 expression patterns were acquired, including continuously increasing or decreasing, significantly increasing or decreasing from a certain stage, and irregular dynamic fluctuations. The Ga vs. Bl group was enriched in several biological processes and metabolic pathways related to the transition from the maternal to the zygotic stage and showed the largest trend in transcriptomic changes (10,714 up- and 8515 down-regulated). Moreover, some genes involved in DNA replication, transcription, protein synthesis, ribosomes, immunology, neural crest cell development, and pigment cell differentiation were also highly enriched (e.g., eif3, cox1, cox2, tyk2, pkz, pax3, pax7, gch2, xdh, etc.). The results of RNA-Seq were confirmed by qPCR of 15 genes from different metabolic pathways, and the spatiotemporal expression profiles of nine genes involved in xanthophore and erythrophore differentiation and pigmentation were also examined. Our findings offer fresh insights into the molecular regulation of early koi carp development and provide a solid foundation for future investigations and functional studies of DEGs.

Prospecting the Photosynthetic Flatworm Symsagittifera roscoffensis as a Novel Fish-Feed

Symsagittifera roscoffensis is an intertidal Acoel flatworm that forms a symbiotic relationship with the alga Tetraselmis convolutae. Members of the genus Tetraselmis are known to have a high nutritional value and have been widely used to enrich intermediate prey for fish within the aquaculture industry; therefore, S. roscoffensis could be a good candidate as a trophic shortcut to deliver algal nutrition to fish. In this study, we investigated the likelihood of five ornamental tropical freshwater and six ornamental marine fishes to consume this worm, either as live feed or in freeze-dried form. We also tested the ability of S. roscoffensis to form a symbiotic relationship with alternative algal species, analysing the nutritional profile of S. roscoffensis when grown in different media. All the experimental fish consumed live worms to some degree, with the exception of one species (Meiacanthus grammistes); the response time to the worms ranged from 1.1–68.6 s for freshwater ornamental species to 1–24 s for marine ornamental species, and in most cases, this was comparable to or shorter than their response time to the reference diet Artemia. The fishes showed no negative effects after consuming the worms. We obtained similar results with freeze-dried worms in terms of the number of worms eaten, response time, and feeding time. Symsagittifera roscoffensis was able to form a symbiotic relationship with all the tested algal species of the genus Tetraselmis, but not with members of other genera. Worms grown in nutrient media (f/2 and f/4) had significantly higher contents of protein, pigments, and total and polyunsaturated fatty acids, including eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n − 3) and α-linolenic acid (18:3n − 3), than those grown in seawater. These results show that S. roscoffensis was acceptable to many ornamental fish species, delivering key algal ingredients that are beneficial to fish health; hence, it is a promising alternative to conventional fish feeds for the ornamental pet trade.

Artificial Propagation of Indigenous Ornamental Fish Species via Nutritional Manipulation for Stock Enhancement and Conservation as a Step towards Environmental Sustainability: A Review

Indigenous flora and fauna of a particular habitat greatly impacts the environment in maintaining an ecological balance and equilibrium for the normal functioning of the ecosystem as a whole. Native fishes play a major role and holds a major niche in the ecosystem which needs attention at the moment for their conservation and protection, failure of which may prove to be detrimental to the environment. The rapid developmental activities and industrialization taking place currently are leaving a negative impact upon the natural ecosystem. These activities are a major reason for loss of habitat, deterioration, pollution, and degradation. The ornamental fish industry is a budding industry in India and the indigenous fish fauna of the country offers a good market but unfortunately, so far, the requirements and demand are fulfilled from the natural stock through manual collection. Rigorous exploitation of these species may result into loss of species diversity or reduction of stock, provided, anthropogenic causes necessitated by development and industrialization are already acting upon the ecosystem. Therefore, in this review we will discuss the implementation of captive breeding techniques through nutritional manipulation for fish species so that the wild stock is not made vulnerable and instead, the same shall be enhanced through ranching. Though this technique offers certain limitations such as genetical quality compromise, inferior breeding performance etc., nevertheless it still is a major tool in conservational biology. The review will provide insights to researchers on how to achieve captive breeding success by manipulating nutritional component in fishes and eventually with the information made available in this document certain practical implementations may be necessitated which will help us move closer to the broader aspect of biodiversity conservation and sustainability.

Molecular characterization of morphologically identified ornamental fish species : Botia striata using COI marker

Molecular characterization of morphologically identified ornamental fish species : Botia striata using COI marker

Generation of Albino Phenotype in Ornamental Fish by CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Genome Editing of slc45a2 Gene.

Albinism is the most common color variation described in fish and is a fascinating trait of some ornamental fish species. Albino mutants can be generated by knocking out core genes affecting melanin synthesis like slc45a2 in several fish species. However, genetic mutation remains challenging for species with unknown genome information. In this study, we generated albino mutants in two selected ornamental fish species, royal farlowella (Sturisoma panamense), and redhead cichlid (Vieja melanura). For this purpose, we carried out phylogenetic analyses of fish slc45a2 sequences and identified a highly conserved region among different fish species. A pair of degenerate primers spanning this region was designed and used to amplify a conserved slc45a2 fragment of 340bp from the two fish species. Based on the amplified sequences, a target site in the 6th exon was used for designing guide RNA and this targeted site was first verified by the CRISPR/Cas9 system in the zebrafish (Danio rerio)model for the effectiveness. Then, specific guide RNAs were designed for the two ornamental fish species and tested. Most of the injected larvae completely lost black pigment over the whole body and eyes. DNA sequencing confirmed a high degree of mutation at the targeted site. Overall, we described a fast and efficient method to generate albino phenotype in fish species by targeting the conserved 6th exon of slc45a2 gene for genome editing via CRISPR/Cas9 and this approach could be a new genetic tool to generate desirable albino ornamental fish.

PEMBINAAN PEMBUDIDAYA IKAN KOI DI KELURAHAN BALANG BARU KOTA MAKASSAR

Ornamental fish farming in Makassar City is growing rapidly, both as a main livelihood and as an alternative. Demand continues to increase and prices are high, causing many people to cultivate freshwater ornamental fish, both as breeders and enlargement activities. One species of ornamental fish that has high economic value is koi fish (Cyprinus carpio). Along with the higher demand and the hope that new varieties will be found, cultivators/breeders are trying to do crosses. However, low lineage records and the use of unselected parents lead to frequent inbreeding. To obtain high-quality fish seeds, good parental quality, skills in reproduction, spawning, hatching, larval rearing and harvesting are needed. The ornamental fish cultivating group in kelurahan Balang Baru, kecamatan Tamalate, Makassar City as partners, was held on November 21, 2021. The aims of the PKM are: 1) Increasing public knowledge and understanding through counseling about the biology and reproduction aspects of koi fish; (2) Training on procedures for selecting broodstock, selecting and preparing broodstock for the process of reproduction, mating, spawning, hatching, rearing larvae, harvesting and packing. The expected outputs from this activity are: cultivators who become partners who understand the reproductive biology aspects of koi fish and are skilled at carrying out brood selection procedures, selecting and preparing broodstock for reproduction, mating, spawning, hatching, and larval rearing processes

Monogenea on exotic Indian freshwater fish. 5. First report of pathogenic Gussevia asota (Platyhelminths) from Oscar Astronotus ocellatus (Agassiz 1831) (Perciformes: Cichlidae)

The neotropical Oscar Astronotus ocellatus has been translocated worldwide as an ornamental fish species with significant economic importance. Twelve adult individuals of A. ocellatus collected from aquaria shops in northern and eastern India were examined for monogenean parasites. Based on morphological methods, all fish samples were found to be infested with Gussevia asota, with a 100% prevalence and high mean intensity [30.16 ± 9.70 (18-48, n=12)]. Molecular analysis of the partial 28S rRNA gene sequence (675 bp), followed by phylogenetic analysis, confirmed the parasite's identity further. This is the first report of G. asota in India and highlights the need to update and strengthen the quarantine procedures concerning the import of ornamental fish.

DNA barcoding of the most common marine ornamental fish species spilled over from a small-sized marine protected area, Bali Barat National Park, Indonesia

Abstract. Wiadnya DGR, Kurniawan N, Hariati AM, Astuti SS, Paricahya AF, Dailami M, Kusuma WE. 2023. DNA barcoding of the most common marine ornamental fish species spilled over from a small-sized marine protected area, Bali Barat National Park, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 243: 47-54. Healthy coral reefs within a protected area may function as a source of recruitment to the surroundings through spill-over and export larvae. This study aims to generate a list of common species of marine ornamental fishes for the aquarium trade in Indonesia, mainly collected adjacent to Bali Barat National Park (BBNP). Lived-fish samples were collected from six fish collectors in two villages surrounding BBNP, Sumber Kima, Bali, and Bangsring, Banyuwangi. All species were checked by three active fishermen in both villages for confirmation of the most common species and not belonging to the target. A total of 82 separate groups out of 145 specimens were identified based on their morphological characters. All samples were then sequenced based on mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene amplification. The sequence read lengths for all the specimens were between 655 and 658 bp. All the findings from this DNA barcoding approach were in line with morphological species identification. Wrasses (Family: Labridae) were the most dominant (41 species) representing the group, followed by Pomacentridae (24 species), Acanthuridae (14 species), Pomacanthidae (14 species) and Gobiidae (10 species). Among the species, only green sergeant, Amblyglyphidodon batunaorum, belonged to the Vulnerable (VU) category based on IUCN criteria. The rest were either Least Concern (LC), Data Deficient (DD), or Not Evaluated (NE). It implied that no catch species were under fishing pressure except for the green sergeant. Considering a total of 28 target species by local fishermen (recorded in an earlier article), small-scale fishermen can easily catch more than 100 species in one trip. The results significantly contributed to the need to generate a list of common ornamental fish species specifically exported from Indonesia as an aquarium trade commodity.

Species diversity and DNA barcoding of wrasses (Teleostei: Labridae) along the southwest coast of India

Wrasses are among the most interesting and numerically abundant fish families and are widely distributed in deep and coastal marine waters. A survey was undertaken to study the diversity of labrids along the southwest coast of India between December 2020 to January 2022. A total of 98 specimens belonging to the family Labridae were collected during the study period, including nine species classified under five genera. The species included Cheilinus chlorourus, Halichoeres timorensis, Halichoeres marginatus, Halichoeres zeylonicus, Labroides dimidiatus, Stethojulis trilineata, Stethojulis interrupta, Thalassoma lunare and Thalassoma jansenii. The species were identified through morphological studies and DNA barcoding using the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene. The analyses aimed to document the morphological and molecular variations of species from different localities. The resultant molecular data were compared with morphological identifications and additional sequence data from GenBank. The results concluded that generated mtDNA sequences of wrasses matched closely with the available sequences in the GenBank. The studied species were nested in clades with the nearest related species with low Pairwise distances. The study recommends stock assessment of the labrids of India, as they are heavily exploited for both as food and ornamental fish species.

Chromosome-level haplotype-resolved genome assembly for Takifugu ocellatus using PacBio and Hi-C technologies

Takifugu species serve as a model system for evolutionary studies due to their compact genomes and diverse phenotypes. The ocellated puffer (Takifugu ocellatus), characterized by special colouration, is a scarce anadromous species in the genus Takifugu. As an ornamental and tasty fish species, T. ocellatus has moderate economic value. However, the available genomic resources for this pufferfish are still limited. Here, a chromosome-level reference genome, as well as two haploid genomes, was constructed by PacBio HiFi long sequencing and Hi-C technologies. The total length of the reference genome was 375.62 Mb with a contig N50 of 11.55 Mb. The assembled sequences were anchored to 22 chromosomes with an integration efficiency of 93.78%. Furthermore, 28,808 protein-coding genes were predicted. The haplotype-resolved reference genome of T. ocellatus provides a crucial resource for investigating the explosive speciation of the Takifugu genus, such as elucidating evolutionary histories, determining the genetic basis of trait evolution, and supporting future conservation efforts.

Sex Differences in Thermal Tolerance of Nine Ornamental Fish Species from the Poecilidae, Cichlidae and Cyprinidae Family

Thermal tolerance and intersexual differences of nine ornamental fish species (Chindango demosoni, Aulonocara stuartgranti, Mylandia lombardoi; Cichlidae; Carassius auratus, Pethia conchonius, Branchydanio rerio; Cyprinidae; Xiphophorus helleri, X. maculatus, Poecilia reticulate; Poecilidae) were determined in this study. CT-min of the species ranged between 9.63 and 11.37 in poecilids, 11.29 and 12.53 in cichlids, 4.67 and 8.46°C in cyprinids, while CT-max ranged between 39.12 and 40.53 in poecilids, 37.82 and 39.37 in cichlids, 36.12 and 40.30°C in cyprinids. While intersexual differences in the CT-min/CT-max values were not evident in cichlids and cyprinids, these values significantly differed across poecilids. The females of poecilids were approximately 0.5 to 1°C more resistant to both low and high temperatures than their males. Among the species included in our study, due to their resistance to low temperature, especially C. auratus and a lesser extent B. rerio and P. conchonius were considered the most suitable ones for outdoor aquaculture in subtropical regions. However, if they are cultured outside of their natural distribution, it should be noted that upon escapement from aquaculture facilities to nature, they may interfere with the ecosystem and compete with native species there due to their wide range of thermal tolerance.

The prospects of business development in ornamental fish in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia

Abstract. Mulyati S, Herdianto T, Suhermanto A, Sofian A. 2022. The prospects of business development in ornamental fish in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 6413-6419. Ornamental fish is a potential commodity necessarily optimized to improve the welfare of society. One of the Indonesian provinces producing diverse species of ornamental fish to export is Southeast Sulawesi. This study aimed to evaluate the ornamental fish potentials and create an evaluation possibly implemented as a consideration to determine business development strategies. The method was a case study, collected data through observation, interviews, literature study, and internal and external conditions were analyzed using SWOT analysis. The study analyzed the potential, trade, and strategy for business development in ornamental fish in Southeast Sulawesi. The study discovers that 38 species are traded, and nine of them are dominantly traded. Moreover, there are six main species potentially cultivated due to the demand and stable production; they are Betok Kupang (Chrysietera cyanea), Capungan (Apogon sp.), Angel KKO (Cirrhilabrus sp.), Clown fish (Amphiprion ocellaris), Keling Rub (Cirrhilabrus sp.), and Letter six (Paracanthurus hepatus). The development of ornamental fish cultivation can be implemented with the S-O (strengths–opportunities) strategy that manages and protects the environment of ornamental fish, strengthens the capacity of fishers and stakeholders for environmentally friendly activities and export market orientation, and builds cooperation of fisherman, exporters, and stakeholders to develop business in ornamental fish by emphasizing local species with high economic values and market demands. These results can be a consideration in making decisions related to the development of ornamental fish.

Occurrence of two ornamental fish species of the order Tetraodontiformes from Odisha coast, India

Occurrence of two ornamental fish species of the order Tetraodontiformes from Odisha coast, India

Aquicultura ornamental como caminho para a introdução de peixes não nativos na drenagem costeira do nordeste do Brasil

Abstract: Aim We present the first record of the introduction of three non-native ornamental fish species, resulting from ornamental aquaculture escapes on the Northeast Mata Atlântica hydrographic ecoregion, with information on the reproductive activity. Methods The specimens were collected bimonthly between 2018 and 2019 using seine and sieve nets, and analyzed for determination of reproductive phases. Results A total of 830 specimens were collected, corresponding to the species Hyphessobrycon eques (N= 311), Poecilia reticulata (N= 500), and Xiphophorus maculatus (N= 19). We used 250 specimens for reproductive analysis. Hyphessobrycon eques and P. reticulata were reproductively active throughout the sampling period. Among the species, the smallest reproductive female measured 22.26 mm (H. eques), 12.53 mm (P. reticulata), and 17.58 mm (X. maculatus). The smallest males measured 20.64 mm (H. eques), 10.71 mm (P. reticulata), and 17.17 mm (X. maculatus). Conclusions The presence of reproductive specimens of H. eques and P. reticulata throughout the year supports the hypothesis of their establishment. We hypothesize that the introduction of X. maculatus is a recent event.

Identification and domestication of native ornamental fishes of Begnas Lake, Pokhara, Nepal

Native fishes have great value as an ornamental fish in Nepal as well as in the global fair. Most of the ornamental fish species of Nepal are imported from India and Thailand. The main goal of this experiment is to identify and domesticate indigenous ornamental fishes for commercial production. Begnas area, Pokhara was selected as the study site as it has different small indigenous fish species which might have great potential as ornamental fish. The study was carried out for eight months period from February to September. Native fishes were collected from outlets and irrigation canal of Begnas Lake by using a cast net. Five fish species Puntius conchonius, Puntius sophore, Barilius barna, Danio devario and Danio rerio were identified and found suitable for ornamental purpose. These fish species were domesticated with different feed with maintaining the water quality parameters in an aquarium during the experiment period. Survivability of these fish species was low during the winter season; and at the same time, they could adapt to any kind of food. Danio devario was selected for the breeding purpose; and among all, 33 individuals were selected and placed in different conditions (-in the aquarium with heater and aerator, in the outer tank exposed to direct sunlight, the tank having continuous water flow without sunlight and in the open artificial pool) with 40% CP and bloodworms and maintaining the proper water quality. Out of all the different conditions, the environment that was artificially made pool with enough sunlight was found to be suitable for breeding. Their breeding was also influenced by the environmental condition since they bred one month later than their regular breeding periods in captive conditions.