Original Score Research Articles

Performance of the pooled cohort equations and D:A:D risk scores among individuals with HIV in a global cardiovascular disease prevention trial: a cohort study leveraging data from REPRIEVE.

Risk estimation is an essential component of cardiovascular disease prevention among people with HIV. We aimed to characterise how well atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk scores used in clinical guidelines perform among people with HIV globally. In this prospective cohort study leveraging REPRIEVE data, we included participants aged 40-75 years, with low-to-moderate traditional cardiovascular risk, not taking statin therapy. REPRIEVE participants were enrolled from sites in 12 countries across Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) regions. We assessed the performance of the pooled cohort equations (PCE) risk score for ASCVD and the data-collection on adverse effects of anti-HIV drugs (D:A:D) risk score. We calculated C statistics, observed-to-expected (OE) event ratios, and Greenwood-Nam-D'Agostino goodness-of-fit (GND) statistics, overall and in subgroups by race, sex, and GBD regions (clustering low-income and middle-income countries and high-income countries). We did a recalibration for PCE risk score among people with HIV in high-income countries. REPRIEVE was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02344290. We included 3893 participants, recruited between March 26, 2015, and July 31, 2019. The median age was 50 years (IQR 45-55), with 2684 (69%) male and 1209 (31%) female participants. 1643 (42%) were Black or African American, 1346 (35%) participants were White, 566 (15%) were Asian, and 338 (9%) were recorded as other race. Overall, discrimination of the PCE risk score was moderate (C statistic 0·72 [95% CI 0·68-0·76]) and calibration was good (OE event ratio 1·11; GND p=0·87). However, calibration suggested overprediction of risk in low-income and middle-income countries and corresponding underprediction in high-income countries. When restricted to high-income countries, we found underprediction (OE event ratio >1·0) among women (2·39) and Black or African American participants (1·64). Findings were similar for the D:A:D risk score (C statistic 0·71 [0·65-0·77]; OE event ratio 0·89; p=0·68). Improved calibration of the PCE risk score in high-income countries was achieved by multiplying the original score by 2·8 in Black or African American women, 2·6 in women who were not Black or African American, and 1·25 in Black or African American men. Among the global cohort of people with HIV in REPRIEVE, the PCE risk score underpredicted cardiovascular events in women and Black or African American men in high-income countries and overpredicted cardiovascular events in low-income and middle-income countries. Underprediction in subgroups should be considered when using the PCE risk score to guide statin prescribing for cardiovascular prevention among people with HIV in high-income countries. Additional research is needed to develop risk scores accurate in predicting ASCVD among people with HIV in low-income and middle-income countries. US National Institutes of Health, Kowa Pharmaceuticals America, Gilead Sciences, and ViiV Healthcare.

Updating the Scottish national cardiovascular risk score: ASSIGN version 2.0

BackgroundThe Assessing cardiovascular risk using Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (ASSIGN) risk score, developed in 2006, is used in Scotland for estimating the 10-year risk of first atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD)....

Knowledge, attitudes, and use of the Mediterranean diet in practice among dietitians in the United Arab Emirates: a cross-sectional study

Dietitians are uniquely positioned to promote the Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet), a diet recognized for its health benefits and sustainability. This study aimed to assess the knowledge and attitudes regarding the MedDiet among dietitians in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), and to examine the frequency and correlates of using this diet in clinical practice. Practicing dietitians (n = 220) completed a 44-item web-based questionnaire, verified for face, content and construct validity, as well as internal and parallel form reliability. Total scores were computed as sum of items for knowledge and attitudes. The mean knowledge score was 6.48 ± 1.85 out of 10, with gaps related to MedDiet’s benefits and nutrient composition. Despite positive attitudes, many dietitians did not agree that it is easy to encourage patients to decrease red meat (68%) and increase fruits/vegetables intake (70%). In clinical practice, 35% of dietitians rarely/never used the MedDiet. Dietitians were more likely to recommend the MedDiet if they had a Mediterranean country of origin (p = 0.037), higher knowledge (p = 0.022) and attitude (p = 0.013) scores, and acquired information about the MedDiet through university education (p = < 0.001) or conferences/seminars/workshops (p = 0.002). Using the findings of this study, evidence-based interventions can be developed to support the role of dietitians in promoting adherence to the MedDiet.

Validity of the Alberta Infants Motor Scale in Norwegian infants aged 6–9 months through comparison with Canadian and Dutch scores

IntroductionThe Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) is widely used to assess infant motor development but has shown limited cross-cultural validity in various populations. The distribution of the original AIMS scores has not been cross-culturally validated for Norwegian infants. This study aimed to evaluate the applicability of the Canadian AIMS norm reference for Norwegian infants aged 6–9 months and compare their percentile rankings with the Canadian and Dutch norms.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, AIMS scores from a sample of 189 Norwegian infants aged 6–9 months were compared to the Canadian and Dutch norms. Total raw scores from the Canadian norms were compared to those of the Norwegian sample, and the percentiles of the Canadian and Dutch sample were compared to tentative Norwegian percentiles.ResultsNorwegian infants aged 6–9 months consistently scored lower on the AIMS than their Canadian counterparts (p &amp;lt; 0.001), with 81% scoring at or below the 50th percentile and 18% falling at or below cut-off indicating possible motor delay. Using the Dutch norms, 20% of the Norwegian sample scored at or below the 50th percentile, while only 1% scored at or below the cut-off. A comparison of the percentile ranks showed that Canadian norms had the highest ranks for all age groups, followed by the Norwegian sample and subsequently the Dutch norms. The observed difference is considered clinically significant.ConclusionNeither Canadian nor Dutch AIMS norms are valid for Norwegian infants due to the Canadian norms being too stringent and the Dutch norms being too lenient. A thorough cross-cultural validation for infants 0–18 months to establish Norwegian-specific AIMS norms is recommended.

The PANDA score: External validation and modification of a simple upfront prediction tool for poor outcomes despite successful stroke thrombectomy.

While endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) has become standard of care for patients' acute ischemic stroke (AIS) due to large vessel occlusion (LVO), many patients still suffer profound neurological disability, also termed futile recanalization (FR). The BAND score, which incorporates baseline disability, age, stroke severity, and treatment time window, is derived as a simple tool for upfront prediction of FR prior to EVT. This study aims to externally validate the BAND score and to incorporate upfront imaging biomarkers into the prediction tool. Consecutive stroke thrombectomy patients with anterior circulation LVO who achieved successful recanalization (mTICI 2b or greater) were retrospectively identified at a single institution from 2019 to 2023. Clinical information, procedural details, and 90-day outcomes were recorded. The performance of the BAND score in predicting FR (90-day modified Rankin scale [mRS] >3) and loss of complete independence (LCID, 90-day mRS>2) was assessed. Then, Alberta stroke programme early CT score (ASPECTS) was added to create the PANDA score (pre-stroke disability, age, NIH stroke scale, delay from last known normal, and ASPECTS). The performance of PANDA to predict FR was assessed and compared with the original BAND score and also the widely validated THRIVE score. 296 patients were included; 36.5 % experienced FR. BAND had areas under the receiver-operating curve (AUCs) of 0.72 and 0.74 for predicting FR and LCID, respectively (both p < 0.001). The new PANDA score had AUCs of 0.76 and 0.78 for predicting FR and LCID, respectively (both p < 0.001), and it outperformed both BAND and THRIVE (all p < 0.05). Of the 30 patients (11.2 %) with high PANDA scores (≥7), 24 patients (80.0 %) suffered FR and 26 (86.7 %) suffered LCID. This external validation study confirmed the adequate performance of BAND in predicting FR. The improved PANDA score performed better than the original BAND score and the widely validated THRIVE score.

The Hypertextual Process of Rewriting a Plurimedial Work: Joan Fuster and Vicent Garcés’ Ballet Marinada

Joan Fuster is one of the most prolific and influential authors in Catalan culture. In 1953, the Valencian composer Vicent Garcés contacted Fuster to ask for his collaboration in writing a “Valencian opera”. Although this project will never come to fruition, it will lay the foundations of a friendship that will crystallise in Fuster’s only literary collaboration on a musical composition: the symphonic ballet Marinada, which was written in the late 1940s, during a stay of Garcés’ in Paris and premiered in València in 1957. The original lyrics, written by Garcés himself, were inspired by Valencian folk songs. Fuster’s intervention was decisive in providing the necessary literary quality that the work needed in order to win the 16th Joan Senent Ibañez award in 1972 and to have a greater diffusion. In this article, we intend, from a hypertextual perspective, to study the mechanisms that Fuster used in the process of rewriting Garcés’ text to turn a minor work into a composition recognised both musically and literarily. The correspondence between Garcés and Fuster and the analysis of the original scores and other work documents found in Fuster’s archive will allow us to describe the process of rewriting using an intermedial approach, as we will study a work that combines two media, i.e. music and literature.

Influencers in Policy Fields on Social Media: Global Longitudinal Study of Dietary Sodium Reduction Posts, 2006-2022.

Excessive sodium intake is a major concern for global public health. Despite multiple dietary guidelines, population sodium intakes are above recommended levels. Lack of health literacy could be one contributing issue and contemporary health literacy is largely shaped by social media. This study aims to quantify the posting behaviors and influence patterns on dietary sodium-related content by influencers in the policy field on X (formerly Twitter) across time. We first identified X users with a scope of work related to dietary sodium and retrieved their posts (formerly Tweets) from 2006 to 2022. Users were categorized into the policy groups of outer-setting organization, inner-setting organization, or individual, based on their role in the conceptual policy field. Network analysis was used to analyze interactions among users and identify the top influencers in each policy group. A 4D influence framework was applied to measure the overall influence, activity, priority, originality, and popularity scores. These measures were used to reveal the user-level, group-level, and temporal patterns of sodium-related influence. We identified 78 users with content related to dietary sodium, with 1,099,605 posts in total and 14,732 dietary sodium posts. There was an increasing volume of sodium posts from 2010 to 2015; however, the trend has been decreasing since 2016, especially among outer-setting organizations. The top influencers from the three policy groups were the World Health Organization (WHO), the American Heart Association, and Tom Frieden. Simon Capewell and the WHO ranked the highest in activity; the World Action on Salt, Sugar, and Health and Action on Salt had the highest priority for dietary sodium content; General Mills and Tom Frieden had the highest originality; and WHO, Harvard University School of Medicine, and Tom Frieden received the highest popularity. Outer-setting organizations tend to interact with more users in the network compared to inner-setting organizations and individuals, while inner-setting organizations tend to receive more engagements from other users in the network than the other two groups. Monthly patterns showed a significant peak in the number of sodium posts in March compared with other months. Despite the increased use of social media, recent trends of sodium intake education on social media are decreasing and the priority of sodium among other topics is low. To improve policy implementation effectiveness and meet recommended dietary targets, there is an increasing need for health leaders to consistently and collectively advocate for sodium intake reduction on social media.

Enhancing the prognostic accuracy of the RETREAT score with AFP-L3 and DCP tumor markers.

The RETREAT (Risk Estimation of Tumor Recurrence after Transplant) Score is a validated tool to predict post-transplant HCC recurrence risk. AFP bound to Lens culinaris agglutinin (AFP-L3) and des-gamma-carboxyprothrombin (DCP) measured at transplant predict worse post-LT survival and may improve the RETREAT score. Our cohort comprised 284 patients transplanted for HCC who were within or downstaged to Milan, with 23 (8.1%) experiencing HCC recurrence. The modified RETREAT (mRETREAT) score assigns AFP-L3 ≥15% 2 points and DCP ≥ 7.5ng/mL 3 points. Patients with a modified RETREAT score ≥4 showed a 3-year recurrence-free survival (RFS) of 73.2%, versus 97.8% RFS if <4. In comparison, the original RETREAT score had a 3-year RFS of 80.0% if ≥2 versus 98.0% if <2. mRETREAT demonstrated a superior AUC of 0.86, compared to original RETREAT's 0.82, and enhanced calibration and accuracy with a lower Brier score (0.04). The integration of AFP-L3 and DCP into the RETREAT score appears to enhance prediction of post-LT HCC recurrence. Given these promising results, further study in a larger multi-center cohort is warranted for empiric derivation and validation of a modified RETREAT score including AFP-L3 and DCP.

Advancements in MELD Score and Its Impact on Hepatology.

There continues to be an ongoing need for fair and equitable organ allocation. The Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score has evolved as a calculated framework to evaluate and allocate patients for liver transplantation objectively. The original MELD score has undergone multiple modifications as it is continuously scrutinized for its accuracy in objectively representing the clinical context of patients with liver disease. Several refinements and iterations of the score have been developed, including the widely accepted MELD-Na score. In addition, the most recent updated iteration, MELD 3.0, has been created. The MELD 3.0 calculator incorporates new variables such as patient sex and serum albumin levels and assigns new weights for serum sodium, bilirubin, international normalized ratio, and creatinine levels. It is anticipated that the use of MELD 3.0 scores will reduce overall waitlist mortality and enhance access for female liver transplant candidates. However, despite the emergence of the MELD score as one of the most objective measures for fair organ allocation, various countries and healthcare systems employ alternative methods for stratification and organ allocation. This review article will highlight the origins of the MELD score, its iterations, the current MELD 3.0, and future directions for managing liver transplantation organ allocation. LAY SUMMARY: Organ donation is crucial for the management of patients unwell with liver disease, but organs must be allocated fairly and equitably. One method used for this is the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score, which helps objectively decide which patient is a candidate for liver transplant. Over time, the MELD score has been refined to better reflect patients' needs. For example, the latest version, MELD 3.0, now considers factors like nutrition and gender. This should ensure that more patients, especially females, are candidates and receive appropriate access to liver transplantation. However, not every country uses the MELD score. Some countries have created their own scoring systems based on local research. This review will explain where the MELD score came from, how it has changed, the current characteristics of the MELD 3.0 score, and what the future might hold for organ allocation in liver transplants.

Does machine learning improve prediction accuracy of the Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy Success Score? A contemporary Hydrocephalus Clinical Research Network cohort study.

This Hydrocephalus Clinical Research Network (HCRN) study had two aims: (1) to compare the predictive performance of the original ETV Success Score (ETVSS) using logistic regression modeling with other newer machine learning models and (2) to assess whether inclusion of imaging variables improves prediction performance using machine learning models. We identified children undergoing first-time ETV for hydrocephalus that were enrolled prospectively at HCRN sites between 200 and 2020. The primary outcome was ETV success 6months after index surgery. The cohort was randomly divided into training (70%) and testing (30%) datasets. The classic ETVSS variables were used for logistic regression and machine learning models. Predictive performance of each model was evaluated on the testing dataset using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC). There were 752 patients that underwent first time ETV, of which 185 patients (24.6%) experienced ETV failure within 6months. For aim 1, using the classic ETVSS variables, machine learning models did not outperform logistic regression with AUROC 0.60 (95% CI: 0.52-0.69) for Naïve Bayes (highest machine learning model performance) and 0.68 (95% CI: 0.60-0.76) for logistic regression. After inclusion of imaging features (aim 2), machine learning model prediction improved but remained no better than the above logistic regression with the highest AUROC of 0.67 (95% CI: 0.59-0.75) attained using Naïve Bayes architecture compared to 0.68 (95% CI: 0.59-0.76) for logistic regression. This contemporary multicenter observational cohort study demonstrated that machine learning modeling strategies did not improve performance of the ETVSS model over logistic regression.

Measurement equivalence of the Marijuana Effect Expectancies Questionnaire-Brief across sex, race/ethnicity, and their co-occurring social identities for Black, Latinx, and non-Latinx white youth in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study.

The primary aim of this study was to assess and adjust for measurement non-equivalence (bias) by sex, race/ethnicity, and co-occurring social identities (sex x race/ethnicity) for the Marijuana Effect Expectancies Questionnaire-Brief (MEEQ-B) among Black, Latinx, and Non-Latinx white youth. The second aim was to determine how group comparisons change after accounting for possible measurement bias. Black, Latinx, and Non-Latinx white youth from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development Study Follow-up 3 (n=8,982; mean age=12.91; SD=0.65; 47.28% female; 15.03% Black, 22.93% Latinx, 62.04% Non-Latinx white) completed the MEEQ-B. Moderated nonlinear factor analysis (MNLFA) generated positive and negative expectancies factor scores accounting for non-equivalence. Analyses contrasted group differences by sex, race/ethnicity, and these co-occurring social identities using original (unadjusted) versus MNLFA-generated scores adjusted for measurement non-equivalence. Measurement non-equivalence was observed for positive and negative expectancies across sex, race/ ethnicity and their co-occurring social identities. MNLFA revealed between-group differences at the factor and item level. Further, comparisons of original (unadjusted) and MNLFA-generated adjusted scores revealed that unadjusted scores underestimated or did not detect some group differences in positive expectancies identified using adjusted scores, and unadjusted scores underestimated how much lower negative expectancies were in Black and Latinx relative to non-Latinx white youth. Results highlight the need for caution when interpreting scores of a measure like the MEEQ-B that has not undergone measurement equivalence testing and demonstrate how failing to adjust for non-equivalence can result in biased estimates of positive and negative expectancies, particularly when used with diverse populations.

Are large language models qualified reviewers in originality evaluation?

Large language models (LLMs) are a new generation of conversational language model with impressive semantic comprehension, text generation, and knowledge inference capabilities. LLMs are significantly influencing the development of science by assisting researchers in analyzing, understanding, and grasping original knowledge in scientific papers. This study investigates LLMs’ potential as qualified reviewers in originality evaluation in zero-shot learning, utilizing a unique, manually crafted prompt. Using biomedical papers as the data source, we constructed two evaluation datasets based on Nobel Prize papers and disruptive index. The evaluation performance of multiple LLMs of different types and scales on the datasets was scrutinized through the analysis of originality score (OS), originality type (OT), and originality description (OD), all of which were generated by the LLM. Our results show that LLMs can to some extent discern papers with distinct originality level via OS; however, they appear to be overly lenient reviewers. In LLMs’ evaluation mechanism, five distinct OTs reflecting varied research contributions do not manifest independently, but together they positively influence OS. Of all the LLMs analyzed, GPT-4 stood out as able to produce the most readable ODs, effectively explaining the inference process for both OS and OT from the perspectives of completeness, logicality, and regularity.

The effect of exam retakes on future exam performance in a large classroom setting.

Assessing student mastery is often done by using exams. Inevitably, some students will complete remediation, which may include exam retakes. This method provides students an additional opportunity to take an exam that assesses the same objectives as the original exam, while using different questions. Although this form of remediation increases exam scores, it is also possible that students who prepare for an exam retake adversely affect preparation for an upcoming exam. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine whether studying for and taking an exam retake affected preparation for the next exam. We hypothesized that students who completed an exam retake would have lower than expected scores on their next exam. This study utilized data collected over five semesters from 467 students enrolled in a 200-level introductory human physiology class; 159 students (34.0%) completed at least one exam retake. Students who retook an exam increased their original exam score by 6.1% (SD 13.9). These findings suggest that retaking an exam leads to better outcomes, which could be explained by students improving their study habits or test-taking skills, which would help them perform better on future exams.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Exam retakes provide students with an additional opportunity to demonstrate mastery of learning objectives. However, this preparation might adversely affect performance on subsequent exams. This study suggests that students who choose to prepare for and take an exam retake not only improve their original exam score but show a larger improvement on subsequent exam performance than those students who did not take an exam retake.

Normative Data for the D-KEFS Color-Word Interference and Trail Making Tests Adapted in Greek Adult Population 20-49 Years Old.

This study was designed to adapt the Delis-Kaplan Executive System (D-KEFS) version of the Color-Word Interference (CWIT) and Trail Making Tests (TMTs) for the Greek adult population from 20 to 49 years old, since it is of research as well as clinical importance to detect executive functions' impairment in young adults with neurological or/and psychiatric conditions. Norms for the Greek adult population have been calculated to be available for neuropsychologists and health professionals who work in relevant settings. The study sample consisted of 101 healthy adults (41% male and 60% female) aged 20 to 49 years (M = 32.16, SD = 11.57) with education from 12 to 19 years of schooling (M = 14.51, SD = 0.89). A Pearson correlation test as well as a chi square test were conducted to examine potential associations between gender, age, education, and participants' performance. Afterwards, we calculated normative data using raw scores and transformed them into percentile scores. Finally, Greek norms were compared to the original raw scores, which were transformed into scaled scores by Delis et al. (2001). The findings showed that age was the only variable which affected CWIT, whereas level of education as well as age were predictive factors for most TMT conditions, except for the visual scanning test (Condition 1). Gender did not affect both tests. Finally, D-KEFS norms for CWIT and TMT are available for the Greek adult population to help clinicians detect executive functions' deficits and therefore adjust tailored therapeutic strategies. Additionally, it is of great importance to use these tests for research purposes. Given that executive functions are assumed as high-level skills, which are highly related to everyday functionality, adapted tests contribute not only to assess the progression of any existing neurological as well as psychiatric disorders, but they can also be used to evaluate patients' ability to live independently, as well as their access to work.

A systematic review of the accuracy of prognostic tests and scoring systems for use in the Global Vascular Guidelines' PLAN concept for the treatment of chronic limb threatening ischemia.

The 2019 Global Vascular Guidelines recommend risk assessment for evidence based revascularization based on the acronym PLAN: Patient risk, Limb severity and ANatomical complexity of disease. This meta-analysis compares a multitude of prognostic tests within these categories. A systematic review and meta-analysis of tests that estimated 1-year major event (amputation-free survival and major adverse limb events) probability. Individual patient data were reconstructed from survival estimate curves. With presence or absence of major events, sensitivity, specificity, and area under receiver operating characteristics curves (AUC) were computed. Tests with an AUC ≥70%, or that correlated with revascularization feasibility were included. Practical application of tests was assessed to make a recommendation on PLAN implementation. Ninety-six studies describing 77 unique predictive techniques were included, of which thirteen were sufficient. These 13 tests were divided in four Patient risk (5 studies), three Limb severity (3 studies), and six ANatomical complexity of disease (9 studies). Patient risk: Three tests were included: biochemical assessment of calprotectin and C-reactive protein, radiologic measurement of sarcopenia, and predictive score with the GermanVasc chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) score. These tests scored AUCs of 82.0%, 72.7%, and 71.8%, respectively, of which the GermanVasc CLTI score was deemed most applicable in clinical practice. Limb severity: The adjusted Wound Ischemia foot Infection score (WIfI) resulted as best predictive score (AUC, 78.8%), but due to the lack of external validation, the original WIfI score was deemed best applicable. ANatomical complexity of disease: No test surpassed 70% AUC for 1-year event estimation, and was correlated with feasibility of revascularization, the latter only being served by the Global Limb Anatomic Staging System. In evidence-based revascularization in patients with CLTI according to the PLAN concept, we recommend to use GermanVasc, WIfI, and the Global Limb Anatomic Staging System.

Comprehensive Analysis of circRNA-Related mRNAs as Prognostic Factors in Non-Smoking Women with Lung Adenocarcinoma.

Non-smoking women with lung adenocarcinoma(NSWLA) is a significant health problem globally; the carcinogenesis and prognostic signature remain poorly understood. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are gradually implicated in cancer formation through sponging miRNAs to regulate mRNAs. Tumor and paracancerous specimens from non-smoking women after lung adenocarcinoma surgery were collected for high-throughput sequencing of circRNA. miRNA and mRNA datasets were downloaded from TCGA. A circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network was built using differentially expressed circRNAs (DEcircRNAs), miRNAs (DEmiRNAs), and mRNAs (DEmRNAs). Following that, GSEA was applied to analyze the biological function of mRNAs in the ceRNA network. Utilizing the mRNAs associated with prognosis, we created an original prognostic risk score model. The expression of DEmRNA in the ceRNA network was verified by mRNA-seq and scRNA-seq data (GSE131907). The expression of BTBD3 and EIF4EBP2 was then verified by immunohistochemistry. 16 pairs of adenocarcinoma tissues and their corresponding para-tumor samples were collected from thoracic surgery. We created a circRNA related ceRNA in NSWLA. The hsa_circ_0002346 regulation of the cancer cell proliferation may through the hsa_circ_0002346/miR-96-5p/EIF4EBP2 axis. Hsa_circ_0072309 may affect proliferation of lung adenocarcinoma and activate Nature Killer cells by targeting miR-32-5p to regulate PCMTD1 expression. Based upon mRNA (BTBD3, CFL2, EIF4EBP2, EVI5, PCMTD1, SYDE2) related to overall survival, we also created a predictive signature. According to mRNA-seq, scRNA-seq, and immunohistochemical data, the expression of BTBD3 and EIF4EBP2 was lower in tumor samples than in normal tissues nearby. The circRNA related mRNAs played an important role in predicting the overall survival of NSWLA. The circRNA in the ceRNA network might unravel the pathogenesis and be potential novel targets for NSWLA.

Categorization of Novel Research Ideas Regarding Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Generated by Artificial Intelligence.

Background The generation of innovative research ideas is crucial to advancing the field of medicine. As physicians face increasingly demanding clinical schedules, it is important to identify tools that may expedite the research process. Artificial intelligence may offer a promising solution by enabling the efficient generation of novel research ideas. This study aimed to assess the feasibility of using artificial intelligence to build upon existing knowledge by generating innovative research questions. Methods A comparative evaluation study was conducted to assess the ability of AI models to generate novel research questions. The prompt "research ideas for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis" was inputinto ChatGPT 3.5, Gemini 1.5, Copilot, and Llama 3. This resulted in an output of several research questions ranging from 10 questions to 14 questions. A keyword-friendly modified version of the AI-generated responses was searched in the PubMed database. Results were limited to manuscripts published in the English language from the year 2000 to the present. Each response was then cross-referenced to the PubMed search results and assigned an originality score of 0-5, with 0 being the most original and 5 being not original at all, by adding one numerical value for each paper already published on the topic. The mean originality scores were calculated manually by summing the originality scores from all the responses from each AI modeland then dividing that sum by the respective number of prompts generated by the AI. The standard deviation of the originality scores for each AI was calculated using the standard deviation function (STDEV) function in Google Sheets (Google, Mountain View, California). Each AI was also evaluated on its percent novelty, the percentage of total generated responses that yielded an originality score of 0 when searched in PubMed. Results Each AI produced varying numbers of research prompts that were inputted into PubMed. The mean originality scores for ChatGPT, Gemini, Copilot, and Llama were 4.2 ± 1.9, 4.1 ± 1.3, 4.0 ± 1.6, and 3.8 ± 1.7, respectively. Of ChatGPT's 12 prompts, 16.67% were completely novel (no prior research had been conducted on the topic provided by the AI model). 10.00% of Copilot's 10 prompts were completely novel, and 8.33% of Llama's 12 prompts were completely novel. None of Gemini's fourteen responses yielded an originality score of 0. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that ChatGPT, Llama, and Copilot are capable of generating novel ideas in orthopaedics research. As these models continue to evolve and become even more refined with time, physicians and scientists should consider incorporating them when brainstorming and planning their research studies.

Emotional Intelligence May Be Associated with Some Forms of Creative Potential.

The current study examined the relationship between creative potential, estimated with tests of divergent thinking (DT), and emotional intelligence (EI). Previous research has hinted at a relationship, but the EI-DT relationship may differ as a function of the tasks and the specific components of EI. With this in mind, the present investigation compared two DT tests (Social Games vs. Titles Games) and examined whether or not the Interpersonal and Intrapersonal subscales of EI were more associated with DT than the Adaptability and Stress Management EI subscales. The youth version of the Bar-On Emotional Quotient Inventory (EQ-i: YV) was used to measure EI. The measure of EI and the two DT tests were administered to 244 male and female gifted (N = 125) and nongifted (N = 119) high school students in Saudi Arabia. The first objective was to examine whether the EI-DT relationship differs based on the nature of the task of the two DT tests used in the current study (Social Games vs. Titles Games). The second objective was to test whether the Interpersonal and Intrapersonal subscales of EI are more associated with DT than the Adaptability and Stress Management EI subscales. Canonical correlation analysis showed that the relationship between the Social Games test and EI was stronger than the relationship between the Titles Games test and EI. Two path analyses were run: one for the total sample and the second for the gifted sample. The likelihood ratio test showed that the Social Games test was more associated with EQ-i subscales than the Titles Games test for both samples. As expected, the Inter- and the Intrapersonal subscales of the EQ-i were more highly related to Social Games fluency and originality scores compared with the Stress Management and Adaptability subscales. Limitations and future directions are discussed.

Testing for reviewer anchoring in peer review: A randomized controlled trial.

Peer review frequently follows a process where reviewers first provide initial reviews, authors respond to these reviews, then reviewers update their reviews based on the authors' response. There is mixed evidence regarding whether this process is useful, including frequent anecdotal complaints that reviewers insufficiently update their scores. In this study, we aim to investigate whether reviewers anchor to their original scores when updating their reviews, which serves as a potential explanation for the lack of updates in reviewer scores. We design a novel randomized controlled trial to test if reviewers exhibit anchoring. In the experimental condition, participants initially see a flawed version of a paper that is corrected after they submit their initial review, while in the control condition, participants only see the correct version. We take various measures to ensure that in the absence of anchoring, reviewers in the experimental group should revise their scores to be identically distributed to the scores from the control group. Furthermore, we construct the reviewed paper to maximize the difference between the flawed and corrected versions, and employ deception to hide the true experiment purpose. Our randomized controlled trial consists of 108 researchers as participants. First, we find that our intervention was successful at creating a difference in perceived paper quality between the flawed and corrected versions: Using a permutation test with the Mann-Whitney U statistic, we find that the experimental group's initial scores are lower than the control group's scores in both the Evaluation category (Vargha-Delaney A = 0.64, p = 0.0096) and Overall score (A = 0.59, p = 0.058). Next, we test for anchoring by comparing the experimental group's revised scores with the control group's scores. We find no significant evidence of anchoring in either the Overall (A = 0.50, p = 0.61) or Evaluation category (A = 0.49, p = 0.61). The Mann-Whitney U represents the number of individual pairwise comparisons across groups in which the value from the specified group is stochastically greater, while the Vargha-Delaney A is the normalized version in [0, 1].

Normalized and Directional Interplay Scoring for the Interrogation of Proteoform Data.

Histone proteoforms, often presenting multiple co-occurring post-translational modifications (PTMs), are central to chromatin regulation and gene expression. A proteoform is a specific form of a protein that includes variations arising from genetic changes, alternative RNA splicing, proteolytic processing, and PTMs. Genomic context-dependent histone proteoforms define the histone code, influencing cellular phenotype by dictating interactions with DNA and chromatin-associated proteins. Understanding the dynamics of histone proteoforms is essential for elucidating chromatin-based regulatory mechanisms. Advances in middle-down and top-down proteomics methods enable accurate identification and quantitation of hundreds to thousands of proteoforms in a single run. However, the resulting data complexity presents significant challenges for analysis and visualization. Here, we introduce new computational methods to analyze the dynamics of histone PTMs and demonstrate their use in mouse organs during aging. We have developed and benchmarked two novel PTM crosstalk scores. The score that we term 'Normalized Interplay' addresses limitations of the original crosstalk score 'Interplay' providing a more complete and accurate measure of PTM crosstalk. The second score, 'delta I' or Directional Interplay is an asymmetric measure quantifying the magnitude and directionality of crosstalk between PTMs. Applying our two-stage scoring approach to data from CrosstalkDB, a community resource that curates proteoform-level data, reveals the dynamics of histone H3 modifications during aging. The source code is available under an Apache license at https://github.com/k-p4/ptm_interplay_scoring .