Original Texture Research Articles

A novel method for modeling the 3D discrete fracture network from a single 2D exemplar

Fracture network modeling is an important prerequisite for studying many rock mechanics and permeability topics. At present, the fracture morphology in the most discrete fracture network (DFN) models is expressed by Euclidean geometries. In order to improve the accuracy of natural fracture description, this paper proposes using the block texture synthesis method to generate large-scale models of 2D fractured coal rock. The results show that these large-scale models remain the original texture or fracture structures from the exemplars. In addition, this paper presents using the idea of physical cover to transform exemplar that is used to generate 3D DFN models. The results show that the fracture density of the 3D DFN model generated by uncovered fracture structures is low. In contrast, the fracture structures with texture or random coverage can generate high-quality 3D DFN models. Furthermore, compared with the traditional DFN model, the texture-based DFN model has an excellent restoration of natural fractures in orientation, roughness, fluctuation, aperture, density, and connectivity. Therefore, the texture-based DFN method can provide a new idea for constructing 3D DFN models.

Geochemistry and Diagenetic Evidence of Middle-Late Permian Deposits, Northern Iran

This study provides a evaluation of the initial carbonate mineralogy, and diagenetic condition of the Ruteh Formation, a middle-late Permian carbonate sequence, in the Emarat section in Central Alborz, northern Iran. 200 samples were examined for petrographical contents and thirty-four samples were collected for geochemical analysis. The high Sr and Na contents, Sr/Na>1, and the presence of dolomites and dissolution fractures are indicative aragonite early mineralogy. The diagenetic process in the Ruteh Fm. are an indication of the marine, meteoric and burial diagenetic environments. The original carbonate texture in the Ruteh Fm. are Severely affected by diagenetic process. The data obtained from the values of the Major (Ca and Mg), minor (Sr, Na, Fe, and Mn), oxygen and carbone isotopes show the initial aragonite composition of the Ruteh Fm. deposited in a subtropical shallow water. An open diagenetic system was indicated by changes in the values of Sr / Ca and δ18O vs. Mn. The shallow burial diagenetic temperature of the Ruteh carbonate was approximate 28.6°C with the maximum diagenetic temperature of 53.4°C.

Typical Texture Formulas in Contemporary Music for Button Accordion of Ukrainian Composers: Review and Systematization

The relevance of the topic and problem statement. In the process of formation and development of the original style of button accordion music one of the most important roles is played by the factor of texture, which fully embodies the instrumental specificity of the button accordion, and reflects the originality of forms and varieties of musical fabric in button accordion works. The study of the peculiarities of texture organization, as well as highlighting the main trends in texture formation in modern button accordion music, in particular in the works of Ukrainian composers, is seen as an urgent task to understand the essence of the phenomenon of modern button accordion, and in general — to develop domestic musicology in instrumental art. In previous works of the author of this article, an attempt was made to systematize the textured formations of modern button accordion music, which are determined by the specifics of the design of button accordion keyboards (Stashevskyі, 2021). Continuing further study of the textured organization of modern music for button accordion, there is a need to identify and systematize other typical for this work samples of texture and its components, the structure of which is not due to the structural configuration of sound keys on button accordion keyboards. That is, those that are more universal, but, at the same time, are characterized as typical of modern button accordion art.
 The purpose of the study is to study the most typical textural elements and combinations of modern button accordion music, as well as their systematization based on the analysis of their internal structural organization.
 The methodology used in this article is based on the use of methods of theoretical musicology (primarily, analysis of elements of musical language and means of expression), as well as methods of structural and system analysis, generalization and classification.
 The results. The systematization of typical original texture formulas of modern button accordion creativity carried out in this work provides their division into certain groups and kinds (subgroups) in the middle of these groups, in particular: reverberation (chordal and mixed); stereophony (pulsation, transmission, unison); pedalling arpeggio (rhythmic, non­rhythmic); pedal scale (cluster crescendo); monophonic structural­modular constructions (chromatic by broken intervals; gamma­shaped­arpeggio based on a 5­element fingering group); chord transpositions (interval­algorithmic (chromatics; m3; m2­B2; etc.), thematic­melodic); simplified accompaniment (alternation of tessitura­polar sounds); multi­octave duplications (unison, decomposed­arpeggio).
 The topicality of the work lies in the fact that for the first time in modern musicology the textured elements of modern button accordion music have received analytical discourse and systematization.
 The practical significance of the work lies in the possibility of its use in theoretical courses on the study of button accordion art, as well as in the practical work of button accordionists.
 Conclusions. To sum up, we can state that the considered original textural elements and formulas are typical for modern button accordion music, as they occur in works in many cases. The typical button accordion texture formulas considered in this article, which are often found in the artistic plane of musical works, play an important role in the formation of a kind of stylistic handwriting of modern button accordion speech. At the same time, they, in contrast to the group of determinant texture formulas, reflect a certain universalism of their presentation, as they can be transferred to other instrumental texture (keyboard instruments) conditions and implemented in them.

Multicolor imaging of calcium-binding proteins in human kidney stones for elucidating the effects of proteins on crystal growth

The pathogenesis of kidney stone formation includes multi-step processes involving complex interactions between mineral components and protein matrix. Calcium-binding proteins in kidney stones have great influences on the stone formation. The spatial distributions of these proteins in kidney stones are essential for evaluating the in vivo effects of proteins on the stone formation, although the actual distribution of these proteins is still unclear. We reveal micro-scale distributions of three different proteins, namely osteopontin (OPN), renal prothrombin fragment 1 (RPTF-1), and calgranulin A (Cal-A), in human kidney stones retaining original mineral phases and textures: calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) and calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD). OPN and RPTF-1 were distributed inside of both COM and COD crystals, whereas Cal-A was distributed outside of crystals. OPN and RPTF-1 showed homogeneous distributions in COM crystals with mosaic texture, and periodically distributions parallel to specific crystal faces in COD crystals. The unique distributions of these proteins enable us to interpret the different in vivo effects of each protein on CaOx crystal growth based on their physico-chemical properties and the complex physical environment changes of each protein. This method will further allow us to elucidate in vivo effects of different proteins on kidney stone formation.

Characteristics and significance of intravolcanic saprolite paleoweathering and associate paleosurface in a silicic effusive volcano: The case study of Monte Amiata (middle Pleistocene, Tuscany, Italy)

A paleoweathering saprolite mantle and an associated paleosurface have been recognized into the stratigraphic volcanic succession of the silicic effusive (trachydacite) middle Pleistocene Monte Amiata volcano (Italy). This element has been used for applying UBSU (Unconformity Bounded Stratigraphic Units) subdivision to the volcano stratigraphy. All the lavas emplaced in the onset of the volcanic activity (Bágnore Synthem, BAS) have been indistinctly affected by a saprolite in-situ alteration. Saprolite facies varies from poor lithoid consistency but with conservation of the original texture, to fractured rock with spheroidal weathering, to incoherent rock consisting of a prevalent sandy fraction, up to accumulations of residual lava blocks (core-stones, mainly in coincidence with the arcuate ridges on top of the main lava flows). Unaltered lavas of the younger phase of volcanic activity (Monte Amiata Synthem, MAS) have preserved the paleosurface within its own saprolite. Where the MAS cover is absent, the saprolite mantle represents a relict paleosurface on the present landscape. Weathering of the silicic lavas was favored by the vitrophyric texture of the parent rock and by moderate topographic reliefs formed by extensive lava plateaus positioned at various elevations. The palaeowathering saprolite is indicative of warm and relatively humid temperate climatic conditions and relative tectonic and morphogenetic stability.

High pressure CO2 treatment alleviates lignification and browning of fresh-cut water-bamboo shoots (Zizania latifolia)

The study evaluated the effect of high pressure CO2 (HPCD) treatment on the texture and color of fresh-cut water-bamboo shoots (WBS) during storage. In addition, the mechanism of HPCD treatment to maintain the quality of fresh-cut WBS was also investigated. The results exhibited that HPCD at 3 and 5 MPa could suppress the lignification-related and browning-related enzyme activities and delay the decline rate of phenolic content. PAL, CAD, POD, and PPO activities of 3 MPa HPCD-treated samples were 44 %, 31 %, 29 %, and 10 % lower than that of control ones at 10 d, respectively. Furthermore, low-field nuclear magnetic resonance results showed that HPCD treatment at 3 MPa could maintain the water content, which only decreased 7 % at the end of the storage, thereby retaining the original texture of WBS. The potential mechanism is that HPCD could alleviate lignification and browning of WBS by suppressing enzyme activities and retaining the moisture in samples. Hence, HPCD at appropriate pressure has a great potential to maintain the quality of fresh-cut fruit and vegetables during storage.

Texture Integrationvia Discrete Optimal Mass Transportation

<p indent="0mm">Powered by modeling and scanning technology, the fineness of 3D models and the data size is increasing rapidly. To solve the problem of texture fragmentation and low texture space utilization, a texture integration approach based on optimal mass transportation is presented. Given a textured model, first the shape preserved parameterization is computed, then the discrete optimal mass transportation is used to adjust the shape preserved parameterization, obtaining the measure preserved parameterization. Finally, this parameterization and the initial parameterization are used to remap the original texture, integrating the small textures into a big texture. In the experiments, proposed approach is compared with other approaches in terms of texture space utilization, sampling rate, and peak signal to noise ratio of the rendering image on different types and complexity of scanned models on Sketchfab. The experimental results show that the texture space utilization can always be 100% and the sampling rate is uniformly distributed. Besides, the peak signal to noise ratio is comparable to other approaches, which are all above <sc>35 dB.</sc>

Raw earth-based building materials: An investigation on mechanical properties of Floridia soil-based adobes

Raw earth, like wood and stone, is one of the oldest building materials used across the world. Nowadays, given the growing role of circular economy, researchers are ever more interested in raw earth-based building materials, because they are widely available and environmentally friendly. The use of this traditional material has positive environmental consequences, especially in traditional rural building reuse and in rural landscape preservation. In fact, raw earth is locally available and totally recyclable and, thanks to its perfect integration into the landscape, it improves site visual perception. Additives and/or chemical stabilizer agents (i.e., Portland cement) are often used in the production of raw earthbased building components in order to increase their mechanical performance and durability. This production process reduces the environmental sustainability of the base material and causes a relevant increase on the embodied energy (i.e., the total energy required for the extraction, processing, manufacturing, and delivery of building components). This research work aimed at investigating how to improve the mix-design of earth-based building materials in order to increase their mechanical properties without any addition of chemical agents. A physical stabilization was performed on an original texture soil by adding various particle sizes. Mechanical tests were carried out on five different soil mixes by changing soil composition, aggregates, and water. Specimens made with mix-design 5 offered the best results in terms of flexural and compressive strength values which were 1.65 MPa and 6.74 MPa, respectively. Mix 3 obtained the lowest linear shrinkage rate (6.04%). Since raw earth-based materials are highly sensitive to soil composition and aggregates, this study attempted to obtain a repeatable process to produce semi-industrial adobes by optimizing and controlling various natural materials (i.e., soils, aggregates, and water).

Secure halftone image steganography based on density preserving and distortion fusion

Most state-of-the-art halftone image steganographic methods measure the flipping distortion according to the statistics of the image database but neglect the characteristic of a single image. In this paper, a halftone image steganography based on density preserving and distortion fusion is proposed for minimizing the flipping distortion. Different from ordinary binary images, halftone images express the texture information by the intensity of local regions that are represented by the pixel density. Based on the density distribution of a halftone image, the embedding costs defined by a single existing distortion function are modified adaptively to maintain the original texture structure as much as possible. Furthermore, to select more appropriate flipped pixels, a distortion fusion strategy is developed from the perspective of anti-steganographic analysis, which can be applied to a batch of distortion functions. Finally, the syndrome-trellis code (STC) is applied to minimize the embedding distortion for playing the advantage of the distortion measurement. Experimental results show that the proposed steganographic scheme achieves great visual quality and strong statistical security without degrading the embedding capacity.

The Relationship Between the Public and Private Spaces in Siverek Traditional Settlement

Purpose Traditional houses are living spaces that the user shapes over time according to specific environmental factors and needs, which come together in a certain pattern forming some key parts of the traditional settlement texture. This pattern, which also reflects the local culture, is created by the relationships among the public, private, and intermediate spaces. The traditional Siverek architectural settlement is quite rich in such spaces. The main elements that form the urban pattern are the squares and streets that form public spaces, the houses representing the private space, and the in-between spaces such as texture-specific dead-end streets and archways that bridge these two types of spaces. However, due to the uninformed and miscalculated interventions in the original texture, mistimed protection measures, and failure to produce solutions for preservation, these architectural gems are at risk of extinction. At this point, two problems have been identified. The first is the preservation of the historical fabric. Another problem is the incompatibility of the newly planned areas with the old texture and housing layout. The purpose of this study is to provide guidance for new planning by analyzing the spatial arrangement of the traditional Siverek settlement. Design/Methodology/Approach In this context, from public spaces to residential private spaces, the spaces and their spatial relationships in the Siverek settlement plan were examined in a hierarchical order. The interrelationships among the spatial elements specific to the original texture of Siverek were discussed, and their status regarding their functional and spatial features in the urban texture were explained. Findings As a result of the study, it is stated that the traditional settlement texture and architecture of Siverek should be documented and preserved. Furthermore, considering the fact that the physical and social components that shape the spatial elements of the traditional fabric remain valid today, the need to transfer spatial formations and spatial hierarchies between public and private spaces to new designs on the settlement scale and building scale was emphasized. Social/Practical Implications It will serve as a guide for consideration in future designs of the city of Siverek, not by imitating traditional forms, but by analyzing spatial setup. Originality/Value This study is the first study on the public and private space relationship in Siverek.

Relationship between welding conditions, abnormal grain growth and mechanical performance in friction-stir welded 6061-T6 aluminum alloy

In this work, a relationship between welding conditions, annealing behavior, and mechanical performance of friction-stir welded (FSWed) 6061-T6 aluminum alloy was examined. In the entire studied FSW range, the welded material was found to be unstable against abnormal grain growth during post-weld solutionizing treatment. However, a lowering of the FSW heat input tended to inhibit this undesirable phenomenon. In addition to the stir zone, the abnormal microstructural coarsening was also observed in the heat-affected zone, whereas the thermo-mechanically affected zone experienced static recrystallization. In all cases, the abnormal grain growth was found to result in ~25-35°<110> rotation of the original crystallographic texture. Hence, this process was suggested to be governed by the orientation-growth mechanism. Due to the relatively high strain-hardening ability intrinsic to the coarse-grained materials, the abnormal grains suppressed tensile strain in the stir zone during transverse tensile tests thus degrading weld ductility.

Infrared Spectral Evidence for K‐Metasomatism of Volcanic Rocks on Mars

AbstractPotassium metasomatism is a common geologic process occurring in a range of environments on Earth. K‐metasomatism can dramatically change the chemistry of large volumes of crust resulting in formation of abundant K‐rich feldspar while preserving original rock textures. Remote sensing of Mars has revealed the presence of rare but striking felspar‐rich terrains as well as K‐rich phyllosilicates such as illite or muscovite. Furthermore, the Curiosity Rover has detected evidence for K‐enrichment in rocks at Gale Crater. In this study, we use spectroscopic and remote sensing analyses of K‐metasomatized rocks on Earth as a comparison to K‐rich and/or possible granitic rocks on Mars. The results suggest that evidence for K‐feldspar rich, quartz‐bearing, and illite‐bearing rocks on Mars is consistent with K‐metasomatism. K‐rich rocks in Gale Crater have themselves likely not been metasomatized, but the abundant feldspar within them might have been derived from metasomatized crust.

Structure-aware completion of photogrammetric meshes in urban road environment

Photogrammetric mesh models obtained from aerial oblique images have been widely used for urban reconstruction. However, photogrammetric meshes suffer from severe texture problems, particularly in typical road areas, owing to occlusion. This paper proposes a structure-aware completion approach to improve mesh quality by seamlessly removing undesired vehicles. Specifically, a discontinuous texture atlas is first integrated into a continuous screen space by rendering trough a graphics pipeline. The rendering also records the necessary mapping for deintegration to the original texture atlas after editing. Vehicle regions are masked by a standard object detection approach, namely, Faster RCNN. Subsequently, the masked regions are completed, guided by the linear structures and regularities in the road region; this is implemented based on PatchMatch. Finally, the completed rendered image is deintegrated to the original texture atlas, and the triangles for the vehicles are also flattened so that improved meshes can be obtained. Experimental evaluation and analysis are conducted on three datasets, which were captured with different sensors and ground sample distances. The results demonstrate that the proposed method can produce quite realistic meshes after removing the vehicles. The structure-aware completion approach for road regions outperforms popular image completion methods, and an ablation study further confirms the effectiveness of the linear guidance. It should be noted that the proposed method can also handle tiled mesh models for large-scale scenes. Code and datasets are available at the project website11https://vrlab.org.cn/hanhu/projects/mesh.

Paleoarchean variole-bearing metabasalts from the East Pilbara Terrane formed by hydrous fluid phase exsolution and implications for Archean greenstone belt magmatic processes

Archean greenstone belts contain low grade metamorphic volcanic sequences with localised examples of preserved original volcanic textures and relict magmatic minerals, which are invaluable for inferring volcanic processes and by extension magma genesis. A feature observed in many Archean greenstone belts but rare in modern volcanic rocks is variolitic texture with millimetre- to centimetre-sized leucocratic globular structures (varioles), in mafic lavas. Models proposed to explain this texture include rapid undercooling, magma mingling and liquid immiscibility. Here, we investigate samples of Paleoarchean variole-bearing pillow lavas from the ca. 3469 Ma Mount Ada Basalt of the Pilbara Supergroup, Western Australia. The samples contain relict magmatic clinopyroxene and spinel and preserve sharp contacts between varioles and host. No plagioclase is observed in the samples. The clinopyroxene mineral composition is indistinguishable between in the varioles and host. This is despite the variole material having lower MgO and Fe2O3(total) and higher SiO2 and Al2O3 concentrations. However, the variole and host materials have indistinguishable TiO2, Cr2O3, NiO2 and Sm-Nd isotope systematics. These observations are consistent with an immiscibility reaction from a parental melt to a hydrous fluid phase and conjugate mafic liquid, where minerals that formed before the reaction become incorporated into both endmembers where they continued to grow by diffusive exchange between the hydrous fluid and silicate melt. Two lines of evidence indicate that hydrous flux exsolution occurred due to H2O saturation in the precursor magmas, including: (1) the lack of plagioclase, for which crystallisation is supressed at high H2O content; and (2) Nb/Th < 7, which indicates a hydrated mantle source. The variole-bearing pillow lavas are part of the 10-Myr-duration Coongan Subgroup volcanic cycle and occur interspersed with tholeiite basalts and minor komatiites of the Mount Ada Basalt and mafic to felsic volcanic rocks of the Duffer Formation. These distinctly different volcanic rock types, which have εNdi −0.3 ± 0.4, ~1ε unit lower than contemporary tholeiites, indicate that there was variation in magma genesis, which included hydrous fluxed melting likely genetically related to delamination, during the 10 Myr formation of the Coongan Subgroup volcanic cycle, as part of the Paleoarchean East Pilbara Terrane formation.

Multiscale Microbial Preservation and Biogeochemical Signals in a Modern Hot-Spring Siliceous Sinter Rich in CO2 Emissions, Krýsuvík Geothermal Field, Iceland

The microbial communities inferred in silica sinter rocks, based on multiscale morphological features (fabrics and textures) and the presence of lipid biomarkers and their carbon isotopic composition, are evaluated in the Krýsuvík geothermal area of Iceland. Close to vent environments (T &gt; 75 °C and pH 1.7‒3), stream floors are capped with homogeneous vitreous crusts and breccia levels, with no distinct recognizable silicified microbes. About 4 m far from the vents (T 75‒60 °C and pH 3‒6) and beyond (T &lt; 60 °C and pH 6‒7.6), microbial sinters, including wavy and palisade laminated and bubble fabrics, differ between abandoned meanders and desiccated ponds. Fabric and texture variances are related to changes in the ratio of filament/coccoid silicified microbes and associated porosity. Coatings of epicellular silica, less than 2 µm thick, favor identification of individual microbial filaments, whereas coalescence of opal spheres into agglomerates precludes recognition of original microbial textures and silicified microbes. Episodic fluctuations in the physico-chemical conditions of surface waters controlled the acidic hydrolysis of biomarkers. Wavy laminated fabrics from pond margins comprise fatty acids, mono- and dialkyl glycerol, mono- and diethers, monoalkyl glycerol esters and small traces of 10-methyl branched C16 and C18 fatty acids and archaeol, indicative of intergrowths of cyanobacteria, Aquificales, and sulfate reducing bacteria and methanogenic archaea. In contrast, wavy laminated fabrics from abandoned meanders and palisade laminated fabrics from ponds differ in their branched fatty acids and the presence vs. absence of bacteriohopanetetrol, reflecting different cyanobacterial contributions. δ13C values of biomarkers range from −22.7 to −32.9‰, but their values in the wavy (pond) and bubble fabrics have much wider ranges than those of the wavy (meander), palisade, and vitreous fabrics, reflecting dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) sources and a decrease in 13C downstream outflow channels, with heavier values closer to vents and depleted values in ponds.

Antigorite dehydration fluids boost carbonate mobilisation and crustal CO2 outgassing in collisional orogens

The processes of carbon mobilisation at convergent plate boundaries are hotly debated. Recent findings suggest that carbon release along subduction geothermal gradients may well be more relevant than previously thought; however, it has remained difficult to achieve steady state atmospheric CO2 conditions over geological time scales based on current volatile cycle models. Here, we report on meta-ophicarbonate rocks in the contact metamorphic aureole of the Bergell intrusion, Val Malenco, European Alps, that reached T-P conditions of at least 650 °C at 0.35 GPa. We demonstrate by combined field evidence, geochemistry, and closed-system thermodynamic modelling that over 50% of the rock carbonate has been mobilised locally in response to reactive fluid flow upon progressive isobaric heating from 350 to >650 °C. Despite complete mineral transformation at the antigorite + calcite devolatilisation reaction, the resulting tremolite-ophicarbonate preserves the original ophicarbonate texture by olivine-chlorite clasts, representing the former antigorite-serpentinite fraction, embedded in a monomineralic tremolite matrix formed from the calcite fraction that often exceeded 50 vol%. Closed system thermodynamic modelling based on an ophicarbonate composition of 80 wt% serpentinite +20 wt% calcite reveals that rock-buffered fluid XCO2 values evolve from <0.09 to as high as ∼0.16, and the total H2O-CO2 fluid fraction released may be as high as 14 wt%; values that are highly sensitive to bulk ophicarbonate composition.Major to trace element geochemistry reveals a history of peridotite melt depletion followed by ocean floor hydration and ophicarbonate formation, consistent with the ocean continent transition (OCT) setting of the mantle rocks in the Mesozoic. This is demonstrated by positive anomalies in B, U, As, Sb, Bi, and W, and by bulk rock and notably carbonate primitive mantle normalised REE patterns that are basically identical to that of calcite precipitated from Jurassic seawater except for its negative Eu anomaly. Prograde metamorphic tremolite and diopside possess enrichments notably in Sr and REE inherited from reactant calcite, as is also supported by a good match between measured and modelled silicate mineral compositions. Specific geochemical characteristics of the prograde meta-ophicarbonate rocks imply fluid mediated, open system processes. Antigorite dehydration fluid ingress, likely produced in neighbouring antigorite-serpentinites, may have shifted bulk tremolite ophicarbonate rock compositions towards higher SiO2/MgO ratios along with an increase in B contents and depletion in fluid mobile elements such as As, Sb, and Sr.The massive, contact metamorphic CO2 mobilisation documented here occurred at P-T conditions that are similar to those that can be achieved in collisional orogenic settings, whose clockwise P-T-t paths are often characterised by further heating upon initial decompression. They thus evolve at large angle to devolatilisation reactions and silicate-carbonate rock-buffered fluid XCO2 isopleths, thus fostering carbon mobilisation towards metamorphic peak temperatures at moderate to low pressures (in the region of between >700 °C – 1.0 GPa and >600 °C – 0.3 GPa). Barrovian metamorphism, too, can reach T-P conditions of 800 °C – 1 GPa. Amagmatic CO2 mobilised this way will eventually reach the atmosphere via dispersion in the groundwater table and diffuse outgassing. Despite the huge uncertainties associated with quantification of such metamorphic carbon fluxes, geological time scale global carbon cycling models should more rigorously explore the significance of these contributions.

The role of deformation twins in recrystallization texture formation of the FeGa alloy

It has been found that at cold axial deformation of the (Fe83.4Ga16.6)99.9(NbC)0.1 alloy by hydrostatic extrusion, along with the slip processes, deformation twins are formed. The orientations of these formations in the plane perpendicular to the deformation direction coincide with the crystallographic planes {100} or {110}. It is believed that in bcc alloys, the axial deformation texture <110> is stable and undergoes only a small scattering upon recrystallization. Using the EBSD technique in this work, we have shown that the desired <100> / / DD grains can grow into a deformed <110> / / DD matrix upon primary recrystallization. At the same time, recrystallization of as-deformed samples leads to almost complete destruction of the original texture. The <100> orientation probably develops in connection with the presence of nuclei in the form of the least deformed twins, which are not observed in ordinary iron alloys. This feature of Fe-Ga alloys gives principal possibility of creating necessary cube texture and achieve a high magnetostriction value.

Multiple Fusion Strategies in Localization of Local Deformation Tampering

Tampering with images may involve the field of crime and also bring problems such as incorrect values to the public. Image local deformation is one of the most common image tampering methods, where the original texture features and the correlation between the pixels of an image are changed. Multiple fusion strategies based on first-order difference images and their texture feature is proposed to locate the tamper in local deformation image. Firstly, texture features using overlapping blocks on one color channel are extracted and fed into fuzzy c-means clustering method to generate a tamper probability map (TPM), and then several TPMs with different block sizes are fused in the first fusion. Secondly, different TPMs with different color channels and different texture features are respectively fused in the second and third fusion. The experimental results show that the proposed method can accurately detect the location of the local deformation of an image.

Cathodoluminescent textures and trace element signatures of hydrothermal quartz from the granite-related No. 302 uranium deposit, South China: A reconnaissance study for their genetic significances

Cathodoluminescent (CL) texture and trace element signature of quartz from granite-related uranium deposit in southern China has been investigated to discuss their genetic significance. Results show that the pre-ore quartz (Q1) generally has dark and homogeneous (or slightly mottled) luminescent texture that may result from annealing of original CL textures; the syn-ore quartz (Q2) generally shows bright and oscillatory luminescent texture and the post-ore quartz (Q3) displays bright and homogeneous luminescence texture. LA-ICPMS analyses suggest Al, Li, K, Na and Ca are the most abundant elements in various generations of quartz and mainly occur as solid solution within the crystal lattice, in which Al can be incorporated into quartz by substituting Si in the crystal lattice, with additional cations (e.g., K, Na, Li and Ca) to keep the charge balance. The negative correlation between Ge and Al suggests that Ge may substitute Si independently due to the similar ion radius and charge. Fe and U may be incorporated into quartz in the form of micro-inclusions. The homogeneous CL texture and low concentration of trace elements indicate that the Q3 likely precipitated under stable thermodynamic conditions.The low Ti concentration and oscillatory euhedral growth zones of CL textures suggest that syn-ore quartz (Q2) may have precipitated from a low-temperature hydrothermal fluid. Thus, it can be inferred that the ore-forming fluid in the No. 302 uranium deposit could be of a low-temperature hydrothermal fluid from which the quartz-pitchblende vein precipitated from, which is also supported by the results from fluid inclusion studies. The significantly large variations of Al and other trace elements concentrations in the syn-ore quartz were likely indicative of the large fluctuations of pH values of ore-forming fluid, probably resulting from the CO2 effervescence or phase separation from ore-forming fluid, which further led to decomposing of uranyl carbonate complexes (UO2(CO3)2−), and finally caused the uranium minerals depositing in the favorable structural traps to form the No. 302 uranium deposit. This study highlights that CL textures and trace element chemistry of quartz related to mineralization can be used to fingerprint the physical and chemical history of ore deposit formation.

Combined Spiral Transformation and Model-Driven Multi-Modal Deep Learning Scheme for Automatic Prediction of TP53 Mutation in Pancreatic Cancer.

Pancreatic cancer is a malignant form of cancer with one of the worst prognoses. The poor prognosis and resistance to therapeutic modalities have been linked to TP53 mutation. Pathological examinations, such as biopsies, cannot be frequently performed in clinical practice; therefore, noninvasive and reproducible methods are desired. However, automatic prediction methods based on imaging have drawbacks such as poor 3D information utilization, small sample size, and ineffectiveness multi-modal fusion. In this study, we proposed a model-driven multi-modal deep learning scheme to overcome these challenges. A spiral transformation algorithm was developed to obtain 2D images from 3D data, with the transformed image inheriting and retaining the spatial correlation of the original texture and edge information. The spiral transformation could be used to effectively apply the 3D information with less computational resources and conveniently augment the data size with high quality. Moreover, model-driven items were designed to introduce prior knowledge in the deep learning framework for multi-modal fusion. The model-driven strategy and spiral transformation-based data augmentation can improve the performance of the small sample size. A bilinear pooling module was introduced to improve the performance of fine-grained prediction. The experimental results show that the proposed model gives the desired performance in predicting TP53 mutation in pancreatic cancer, providing a new approach for noninvasive gene prediction. The proposed methodologies of spiral transformation and model-driven deep learning can also be used for the artificial intelligence community dealing with oncological applications. Our source codes with a demon will be released at https://github.com/SJTUBME-QianLab/SpiralTransform.