Original Publication Research Articles

Project publication: Two-year follow-up of infant and maternal outcomes after planned early delivery or expectant management for late preterm pre-eclampsia (PHOENIX): a randomised controlled trial

Objective We evaluated the best time to initiate delivery in late preterm pre-eclampsia in order to optimise long-term infant and maternal outcomes. Design Parallel-group, non-masked, randomised controlled trial. Setting 46 UK maternity units. Population Women with pre-eclampsia between 34+0 and 36+6 weeks’ gestation, without severe disease, were randomised to planned delivery or expectant management. Primary long-term outcome Infant neurodevelopmental outcome at 2 years of age, using the PARCA-R (Parent Report of Children’s Abilities-Revised) composite score. Results Between 29 September 2014 and 10 December 2018, 901 women were enrolled in the trial, with 450 allocated to planned delivery and 451 to expectant management. At 2-year follow-up, the intention-to-treat analysis population included 276 women (290 infants) allocated to planned delivery and 251 women (256 infants) to expectant management. The mean composite standardised PARCA-R scores were 89.5 [standard deviation (SD) 18.2] in the planned delivery group and 91.9 (SD 18.4) in the expectant management group, with an adjusted mean difference of −2.4 (95% CI −5.4 to 0.5) points. Conclusion In infants of women with late preterm pre-eclampsia, average neurodevelopmental assessment at 2 years lies within the normal range, regardless of whether planned delivery or expectant management is pursued. Because of lower than anticipated follow-up, there was limited power to demonstrate these scores were not different, but the small between-group difference in PARCA-R scores is unlikely to be clinically important.

Readings on Evolution and the Nature of Science: One Christian’s Perspective

Readings on Evolution and the Nature of Science: One Christian’s Perspective

Project publication: Planned early delivery or expectant management for late preterm pre-eclampsia (PHOENIX): a randomised controlled trial

This article consists of a citation of a published article describing research funded by the Health Technology Assessment programme under project number 12/25/03, and is provided as as part of the complete record of research outputs for this project. The original publication is available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(19)31963-4

Correction: Méndez-Blanco et al. Stabilization of Hypoxia-Inducible Factors and BNIP3 Promoter Methylation Contribute to Acquired Sorafenib Resistance in Human Hepatocarcinoma Cells. Cancers 2019, 11, 1984

In the original publication [...]

ОБЗОР СОВРЕМЕННЫХ МЕТОДОВ ЛЕЧЕНИЯ КРАСНОГО ПЛОСКОГО ЛИШАЯ СЛИЗИСТОЙ ОБОЛОЧКИ РТА

Objectives. To systematize scientific information about the methods of treatment of lichen planus of the oral mucosa, presented in modern domestic and foreign literature.
 Methodology. The data of special literature were studied using scientific search library databases: Google Scholar, PubMed Central, Elibrary. The search for original scientific publications was carried out by keywords. This review includes an analysis of 48 scientific sources.
 Results. A review of the literature allowed us to identify a number of general principles for the treatment of lichen planus of the oral mucosa, to identify various drug and non-drug methods of treating lichen planus of the oral mucosa that have already been studied, used both locally and systemically, as well as a number of side effects that occur when using certain treatment methods, and, in this regard, to indicate the urgency of the problem and substantiate its practical significance, which is associated with the need to develop new, more effective, personalized methods of treating this disease.
 Conclusion. Despite the many methods of therapy of lichen planus of the oral mucosa that have already been studied, the treatment of this disease is currently an urgent problem for dentists and requires special attention. It should be borne in mind that there are certain contraindications to the use of various medicinal and non-medicinal methods of treating patients with a diagnosis of lichen planus of the oral mucosa, therefore, the question arises of finding new, more affordable and safe methods of treatment, especially in severe forms of the course of this disease.

Diagnostic Accuracy of [68Ga]Ga Labeled Fibroblast-Activation Protein Inhibitors in Detecting Head and Neck Cancer Lesions Using Positron Emission Tomography: A Systematic Review and a Meta-Analysis.

Several studies have examined the use of positron emission tomography (PET) using [68Ga]Ga-radiolabeled fibroblast-activation protein inhibitors (FAPi) across multiple subtypes of head and neck cancer (HNC). The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of a newly developed molecular imaging approach in the context of HNC through a comprehensive review and meta-analysis. A thorough literature review was conducted to identify scholarly articles about the diagnostic effectiveness of FAP-targeted PET imaging. The present study incorporates original publications assessing the efficacy of this innovative molecular imaging test in both newly diagnosed and previously treated HNC patients. This systematic review examined eleven investigations, of which nine were deemed suitable for inclusion in the subsequent meta-analysis. The quantitative synthesis yielded a pooled detection rate of 99% for primary HNC lesions. Additionally, on a per patient-based analysis, the pooled sensitivity and specificity for regional lymph node metastases were found to be 90% and 84%, respectively. The analysis revealed a statistical heterogeneity among the studies for the detection rate of primary HNC lesions. The quantitative findings presented in this study indicate a favorable diagnostic performance of FAP-targeted PET imaging in detecting primary HNC tumors. In contrast, discordant results concerning the diagnostic accuracy of lymph node metastases were found. However, further multicentric trials are required to validate the efficacy of FAP-targeted PET in this specific group of patients.

АНАЛИЗ ЭПИДЕМИОЛОГИИ ОСНОВНЫХ СТОМАТОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЙ У ЖИТЕЛЕЙ СЕЛЬСКИХ ТЕРРИТОРИЙ

The enlarged literature review concerning an important relevant dental problem related to caries spreading and its intensity, inflammatory periodontal diseases, non carious dental lesions, dentomaxillar abnormalities in the population living in the rural areas is presented.
 The aim of the study is to analyze the epidemiology of main dental diseases in the population living in the rural areas according to the review of the modern scientific literature for the period since 2013. 
 Methodology. To write this article the analytical work on studying data taken from the special available literature was carried out. The scientific library resourses such as PubMed Central and Elibrary were used. The search of original publications was done using key words to get relevant results. 43 scientific sources were included in the review.
 Results and conclusion. The modern scientific data concerning incidence and degree of manifestation of key pathologies of oral organs and tissues such as carious process, gingivitis and perodontitis, malocclusion, non carious dental lesions (mainly-hypoplasia, fluorosis) were systematized as well as the estimation of prosthesis quality of teeth and dental sets of teeth in the rural population living both in Russia and abroad was given. The clinical significance of the work is to know a real incidence of dental diseases in the different regions of the country and develop complex preventive programs taking into consideration the territory peculiarities. The perspective way for studying is to reveal risk factors of the dental diseases development paying attention to the association with the oral health, social deprivation, diet, hygiene, bad habits and stress which have to improve dental health in the population living in the rural areas.

Correction: Zeng et al. Tempo-Spatial Landslide Susceptibility Assessment from the Perspective of Human Engineering Activity. Remote Sens. 2023, 15, 4111

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Correction: Anglana et al. Dittrichia viscosa Selection Strategy Based on Stress Produces Stable Clonal Lines for Phytoremediation Applications. Plants 2023, 12, 2499

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Substitution Position Effects on Spiro[Fluorene‐9,9′‐Xanthene]‐Diphenylamine Hole‐Transporting Materials for Perovskite Solar Cells

The molecular structures of hole‐transporting materials (HTMs) have a significant effect on the performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In this work, four small‐molecular HTMs (SFX‐1, SFX‐2, SFX‐3, and SFX‐4) are prepared by regulating the substitution sites of terminal diphenylamine groups on the spiro[fluorene‐9,9′‐xanthene] core. As SFX‐1 and SFX‐2 are well‐documented compounds, this article adopts the original publication's acronyms, referring to them as SFX‐MeOTAD and HTM‐FX′, respectively. It is found that the terminal substitution sites exhibit a noticeable effect on the molecular properties. Among these molecules, SFX‐3, whose terminal groups are located at the 3,6‐substitution site on the fluorene side of SFX, has high conductivity and hole mobility, and the highest occupied molecular orbital level matches well with the perovskite. SFX‐3 also shows better film‐forming properties and better hole extraction ability than the molecules with other substitution sites. Higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) in PSCs with SFX‐3 is comparable to that of traditional spiro‐OMeTAD, but SFX‐3's synthesis cost is only about one‐third that of spiro‐OMeTAD. Furthermore, the device utilizing SFX‐3 exhibits remarkable stability, surpassing that of spiro‐OMeTAD. Notably, the champion PCE of SFX‐3‐based PSCs reached 22.42%, marking the highest reported efficiencies among HTMs with SFX as the core.

Correction: Kang et al. Anticolon Cancer Effect of Korean Red Ginseng via Autophagy- and Apoptosis-Mediated Cell Death. Nutrients 2022, 14, 3558

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Correction: Xiong, Wei. 2023. Food Culture, Religious Belief and Community Relations: An Ethnographic Study of the Overseas Chinese Catholic. Religions 14: 207

In the original publication (Xiong 2023), the funder is not directly related to the research in this paper [...]

Correction: Liu et al. The Genome-Wide Identification of Stable Internal Reference Genes Related to Delayed Spoilage for Accurate qRT-PCR Normalization in Ethephon-Treated Pueraria thomsonii Benth. Horticulturae 2023, 9, 1014

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Correction: Solano-Barquero et al. Metazoan Marine Parasites of Costa Rica: A Review. Parasitologia 2023, 3, 116–141

There was a small error in the fifth sentence of the Abstract in the original publication [...]

Correction: Antognazza et al. Current and Historical Genetic Variability of Native Brown Trout Populations in a Southern Alpine Ecosystem: Implications for Future Management. Fishes 2023, 8, 411

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History of proximal femur fractures in the German literature.

German-speaking surgeons have left a deep imprint on the history of diagnostics and treatment of proximal femur fractures. Some of the studies published in German have fell into oblivion, others are cited until today, although sometimes quite inaccurately. The cause of such inaccuracies are citations from secondary sources due to unavailability of the original or inability to read it because of a language barrier. In the current literature, globally predominated by English articles, the "German history" of treatment of proximal femur fractures remains undervalued. The aim of the present article is to point out its contribution. Literature search was performed in original publications and historical sources. The German-speaking surgeons have considerably contributed to the development of the treatment of proximal femur fractures. The analyzed period between 1847 and 1970 may be divided into three basic periods. In the first period (1847-1896), the German-speaking surgeons (Langenbeck, Trendelenburg, König, Heine, Dolinger)were the first worldwide to start treating the fractures of proximal femur operatively. In the second period (1897-1935),mainly in the 1930s,the initiative in Europe was taken over by surgeons publishing studies in Franceand in Belgium. Overseas, American surgeons were coming to the forefront. In Germany, onlyPauwels developed the first biomechanical classification of femoral neck fractures. In the third period (1936-1970), mainly in the 1940s and 1950s, implants were designed (Pohl, Künstcher), based on close collaboration betweenGermanengineers and surgeons, that served as a model for a dynamic hip screw and a proximal femoral nail, which are currently the implants of choice in the treatment of trochanteric fractures. The historical contribution ofGerman-speaking surgeons to understanding the issue of proximal femur fractures and their operative treatment is far more significant than presented in the historical studies published in English.

Correction: Yasmeen et al. The Synergy of Water Resource Agglomeration and Innovative Conservation Technologies on Provincial and Regional Water Usage Efficiency in China: A Super SBM-DEA Approach. Water 2023, 15, 3524

In the original publication [...]

Correction: Lanz et al. The InflateSAR Campaign: Developing Refugee Vessel Detection Capabilities with Polarimetric SAR. Remote Sens. 2023, 15, 2008

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The impact of “Five No’s for publication” on academic misconduct

ABSTRACT Background China initiated the “Five No’s for Publication” in December 2015 as a response to rising incidents of retraction.Objective Use the number of retracted publications and their original publication time as proxies to investigate the effect of the Five No’s policy on academic misconduct.Methods We searched the Retraction Watch Database for research articles published by Chinese scholars from 1 March 2010 to 29 February 2020. The short- and long-term trends of the number of publications were presented by conducting an interrupted time series analysis in quarterly time units.Results Of 4,215 retracted papers with Chinese authors, 2,881 involving academic misconduct were identified. In the first quarter (12.01.2015-02.29.2016) after the implementation of the Five No’s, an average reduction of 55.80 (p < 0.001) publications that involve academic misconduct was observed, although there was an increase in the trend of publications of 3.34 per quarter (p < 0.01) in the long run (12.01.2015-02.29.2020), relative to the pre-intervention period (03.01.2010-11.30.2015). The validity of these results was further supported by three different robustness checks.Conclusion China’s government should strengthen enforcement, promote education, and improve the scientific evaluation system to consolidate the influence of the Five No’s policy and foster a cleaner research environment.

PATH-52. MENINGIOMA MOLECULAR GROUPS PREDICT RESPONSE TO SURGERY AND RADIOTHERAPY

Abstract INTRODUCTION Aside from surgery, radiotherapy (RT) remains the only accepted treatment for meningiomas. However, patient selection for adjuvant RT remains controversial. We aimed to evaluate whether novel molecular and methylation groups could more accurately predict outcomes following surgery and adjuvant RT compared to WHO grade using a large clinical-molecular dataset. Method: We utilized publicly available, clinically annotated molecular datasets of meningiomas and generated de novo DNA-methylation and RNA-sequencing data. Meningiomas were classified into different molecular and methylation groups based on the methodologies of their original publications (Nassiri et al. [2021], Bayley et al.[2022], Choudhury et al.[2022], Sahm et al.[2017]) and progression-free survival (PFS) following surgery with and without adjuvant RT were analyzed. RESULTS A total of 2029 meningiomas from 11 different institutions with adjuvant RT data were included. Adjuvant RT was associated with improved PFS in WHO grade 1 meningiomas following subtotal resection(STR) and WHO grade 2 meningiomas following gross total resection(GTR) or STR. Multivariable analysis using Cox proportional hazards regression models showed that having a meningioma belonging to a hypermetabolic (MG3)(HR 3.63, 95%CI 1.47-8.99), or proliferative (MG4)(HR 7.24, 95%CI 2.84-18.49) molecular group were associated with worse PFS following surgery and adjuvant RT when controlling for age, gender, WHO grade, and extent of resection. Meningiomas belonging to DKFZ MC-intermediate, MC-malignant and UCSF hypermitotic methylation groups were also associated with worse outcomes. These relationships held true even in subgroup analysis with only WHO grade 2 meningiomas and following propensity score matching for the same clinical covariates above. Nearly all molecular and methylation classifications predicted 5-year PFS including following surgery and adjuvant RT (area under the curve [AUC] 0.61-0.72) better than WHO grade (AUC 0.51). CONCLUSIONS Molecular classification improves clinical outcome prediction for meningiomas following surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy, supporting the rationale for molecularly informed treatment decisions and potential clinical trial stratification.