Original Platform Research Articles

The effect of sevoflurane on the spatial recall ability and expression of apolipoprotein E and β amyloid in the hippocampus in rats

This study aimed to observe the recent spatial recall ability and the changes of expression of hippocampal apolipoprotein E (ApoE) and amyloid β protein (Aβ) in adult rats after inhaling sevoflurane anesthetic drugs, and to analyze the mechanism of action. For this purpose, a total of 54 adult SD clean-grade rats were selected in this study and were randomly divided into the sevoflurane anesthesia group, carrier gas group and control group, 18 rats in each group. The rats in the carrier gas group were inhaled with 1 L/min of oxygen O2+1 L/min air mixed carrier gas for 2 h, and the rats in the sevoflurane anesthesia group were given 3.2%sevoflurane for 2 hours based on the carrier gas group, the control rats were naturally reared. Before the model was copied, the Morris water maze experiment was performed before the material was taken. Some rat brain tissues were extracted on the first day (T1), the third day (T3), and the seventh day (T7) after model replication. The immunohistochemistry was used to measure the mean optical density (MOD) value of APOE and Aβ in hippocampal CA1, CA3 and DG regions. The indicators above at different time points of each group were compared and analyzed. Results showed that the number of crossing the original platform at each time point, the residence time of the original platform quadrant, the number of entering the original platform quadrant, and the percentage of the original platform quadrant residence time in the sevoflurane anesthesia group and the carrier gas group were compared, and there were no significant differences between two groups (P>0.05). Compared with the carrier gas group, the MOD values of APOE in the hippocampus at T1 and T3 time points in the sevoflurane anesthesia group were decreased (P<0.05), the MOD values of Aβ in the hippocampus at the T7 time point were increased (P<0.05). It concluded that Inhalation of 3.2%sevoflurane has no obvious damage to the recent spatial recall ability of adult rats. Within 7 days after inhalation of 3.2% sevoflurane, it can inhibit hippocampus Aβ deposition through down-regulating APOE expression level. The critical time point for hippocampal Aβ increasing was 7 days after anesthesia.

Effect of acupuncture technique of Tiaoxin Tongdu on learning-memory ability and expressions of hippocampal VEGF and Ang-1 in rats with vascular dementia

To observe the effect of acupuncture technique of Tiaoxin Tongdu on learning-memory ability and expressions of hippocampal vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiogenin-1 (Ang-1) in rats with vascular dementia (VD), and to explore the mechanism of acupuncture technique of Tiaoxin Tongdu for VD. A total of 24 male SD rats were randomly divided into a sham operation group, a model group, a medication group and an acupuncture group after Morris water maze test, 6 rats in each group. VD model was established by permanent ligation of bilateral common carotid arteries in the model group, the medication group and the acupuncture group. Treatment was given on the next day after successful modeling. The rats in the acupuncture group were treated with acupuncture at "Baihui" (GV 20), "Shenting" (GV 24), "Shuigou" (GV 26), "Dazhui" (GV 14), "Fengfu" (GV 16), "Mingmen" (GV 4), "Neiguan" (PC 6), "Daling" (PC 7) and "Laogong" (PC 8) for 30 min; the rats in the medication group were treated with nimodipine solution (0.0625 g/kg) by gavage, once a day, for 2 weeks. Morris water maze test was used to detect the behavior of rats before modeling, 2 weeks after modeling and after intervention; after intervention, the expressions of VEGF and Ang-1 protein in hippocampus were detected by Western blot. Compared with the sham operation group, the average escape latency of rats in the model group was prolonged (P<0.01), and the times of crossing the original platform were reduced (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, the average escape latency of rats in the medication group and acupuncture group was significantly shortened (P<0.01), and the times of crossing the original platform were increased (P<0.01, P<0.05). Compared with the sham operation group, the expressions of VEGF and Ang-1 protein in hippocampus in the model group were increased (P<0.05, P<0.01). Compared with the model group, the expressions of VEGF and Ang-1 protein in the hippocampus in the medication group and acupuncture group were significantly increased (P<0.01, P<0.05). The acupuncture technique of Tiaoxin Tongdu can significantly improve the learning and memory ability of VD rats, and its mechanism may be related to up-regulating the expressions of VEGF and Ang-1 protein in hippocampus and inducing angiogenesis.

Feasibility of remote digital monitoring using wireless Bluetooth monitors, the Smart Angel\u2122 app and an original web platform for patients following outpatient surgery: a prospective observational pilot study

BackgroundRemote monitoring of mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR) or oxygen saturation (SpO2) remains a challenge in outpatient surgery. This study evaluates a new digital technology (Smart Angel™) for remotely monitoring hemodynamic data in real time: data transmitted from the patient’s home to a central server, using a dedicated web-based software package.MethodsAdults scheduled for elective outpatient surgery were prospectively enrolled. In the first 5 postoperative days, patients completed a self-report questionnaire (pain, comfort, nausea, vomiting) and recorded SpO2, HR and MAP via two wireless Bluetooth monitors connected to a 4G tablet to transmit the data to a website, in real time, using Smart Angel™ software. Before transmission to the website, these data were also self-reported by the patient on a paper form. The primary outcome was the proportion of variables (self-monitored physiological data + questionnaire scores) correctly transmitted to the hospital via the system compared with the paper version.On Day 5, a system usability scale survey (SUS score 1–100) was also attributed.ResultsFrom May 2018 to September 2018, data were available for 29 out of 30 patients enrolled (1 patient was not discharged from hospital after surgery). The remote monitoring technology recorded 2038 data items (62%) compared with 2656 (82%) items recorded on the paper form (p = 0.001). The most common errors with the remote technology were software malfunctioning when starting the MAP monitor and malfunctioning between the tablet and the Bluetooth monitor. No serious adverse events were noted. The SUS score for the system was 85 (68–93) for 26 patients.ConclusionThis work evaluates the ability of a pilot system for monitoring remote physiological data using digital technology after ambulatory surgery and highlights the digital limitations of this technology. Technological improvements are required to reduce malfunctioning (4G access, transmission between apps).Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03464721) (March 8, 2018).

Effects of electroacupuncture on cognitive function and neuronal autophagy in rats with D-galactose induced Alzheimer's disease

To observe the effect of electroacupuncture at "Baihui"(GV20) and "Shenshu"(BL23) on the expression of autophagy-related proteins in the hippocampus of rats with Alzheimer's disease (AD)，so as to explore its underlying mechanisms on improvement of AD. Forty-eight male SD rats were randomly divided into blank control group, model group, electroacupuncture group and sham electroacupuncture group, with 12 rats in each group. The AD rat model was establish by intraperitoneal injection of D-galactose for 6 weeks. Rats in the electroacupuncture group received electroacupuncture (50 Hz, 1 mA)at GV20 and BL23 for 20 min each time after daily intraperitoneal injection. Rats in the sham electroacupuncture group received acupuncture at the local skin of GV20 and BL23 without electricity. After the intervention, Morris water maze and open field test were used to evaluate the learning and cognitive ability of rats in each group. The transmission electron microscope was used to observe the numerical density of synaptic in hippocampus, and the immunohistochemical staining was used to observe the paired helical filament protein-1 (PHF-1) in the hippocampus. Western blot was used to detected the expression of autophagy-related proteins phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (AKT), phosphorylated AKT (p-AKT), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in the hippocampus. Compared with the blank control group, the escape latency of the rats in the model group increased from day 2 to day 5 (P<0.01), and the ratio of the time through the quadrant of the original platform reduced （P<0.01）, in the open field test the distance of exercise, the number of uprights and the rate of exercise time in the central area decreased (P<0.01), meanwhile the density of hippocampus synapses decreased (P<0.01), the positive expression of PHF-1 and the relative expression of PI3K, AKT, p-AKT, and mTOR all increased (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, the escape latency of rats in the electroacupuncture group was shortened from day 2 to day 5 (P<0.01), and the ratio of the time through the quadrant of the original platform meanwhile, the distance of the open field test, the number of uprights, and the rate of central area exercise time up-regulated (P<0.01), the numerical density of hippocampus synatic increased (P<0.01), the positive expression of PHF-1 and the relative expression of PI3K, AKT, p-AKT, and mTOR all down-regulated (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, the expression of PI3K in the sham electroacupuncture group decreased (P<0.05). Electroacupuncture can improve learning and memory and cognitive impairment in AD rats, which may be associated with its effects in regulation of hippocampal autophagy and removal of neurofibrillary tangles by suppressing PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.

Effect of dolomitization on isotopic records from Neoproterozoic carbonates in southwestern Mongolia

Carbon isotope values from shallow-marine carbonate rocks, including those from many dolomitized successions, are the primary lens through which we interpret the ancient carbon cycle. Carbon isotopes are typically regarded as being robust to alteration during dolomitization due to the high carbon content of the rock compared to the fluid. However, chemostratigraphic studies of the Neoproterozoic Tsagaan-Olom Group in southwestern Mongolia exhibit 3–12‰ differences in carbon isotopes between stratigraphically equivalent limestone and dolomitized successions. To understand the origins of this geochemical variation, we conducted detailed geological mapping, petrographic, isotopic (δ13C, δ18O, δ44/40Ca, and δ26Mg), and fluid inclusion analyses of carbonates in the Taishir, Ol, and Shuurgat formations of the Tsagaan-Olom Group. Stratigraphic and textural constraints distinguish fabric retentive early dolomitization (Dolomitization Event 1) that occurred in the Taishir and Ol formations during and soon after deposition of the ca. 635 Ma Marinoan cap dolomite of the Ol Formation and fabric destructive dolomitization that occurred after the deposition of the younger Shuurgat Formation (Dolomitization Event 2), either prior to or during early Cambrian foreland basin formation. The dolomitizing fluids moved through porous stratigraphic units bound by impermeable shale of the Khongor and Zuun-Arts formations. Dolomitization homogenized the isotopic records of all Neoproterozoic Tsagaan-Olom Group dolomites; undolomitized successions show more extreme negative excursions from more positive background values. The salinity and isotopic values of seawater, the dolomitizing fluids, and the original platform carbonate were estimated from fluid inclusion data and a numerical model of diagenetic dolomitization. These results demonstrate that both early and late dolomitization can have a profound effect on carbon isotopic records of carbonates; however, with a multi-isotope approach the original carbon isotopic composition of platform-top carbonate can be distinguished from that of seawater and other dolomitizing fluids.

Ultra-sensitive Electrochemiluminescence Platform Based on Magnetic Metal-Organic Framework for the Highly Efficient Enrichment

In this work, an original magnetic ECL platform with remarkable electrochemiluminescence (ECL) performance was proposed which based on the co-growth of the CdSnS nanocrystallines (NCs) and UiO-66-NH2 on the surface of the magnetic metal-organic framework (MMOF). Herein, the carboxyl groups (-COOH) CdSnS NCs participated in the further growth of MMOF and formed octahedron-shaped MMOF@CdSnS nanoparticles, this strategy prevented the aggregation of CdSnS NCs and resulted in an excellent ECL emission intensity, which could be applied as the promising ECL tag. Besides, the MMOF@CdSnS nanoparticles exhibited superior superparamagnetism that achieved outstanding performance in magnetic enrichment. Due to these advantages, the proposed ECL platform was applied in detecting alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) as an example. Under optimized conditions, the ECL response was decreased as the concentration of AFP increased that followed a good linear relationship from 1 fg/mL to 100 ng/mL with an ultra-low detection limit of 0.2 fg/mL (S/N = 3). With favorable sensitivity, specificity and reproducibility, the proposed sensing platform was firstly introduced in ECL bioanalysis, which broadened the applications of MMOF and created a new method in enhancing the ECL intensity. This work demonstrated the strategy that MMOF-immobilized CdSnS NCs nanocomposite which was further magnetic enriched shed light on new way in ECL detection.

Effect of electroacupuncture on cyclin-dependent kinase 5 and Tau protein in hippocampus of SAMP8 mice

To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) and manual acupuncture (MA) on learning-memory ability, changes of ultrastructure of neurons and expression of CDK5 and Tau proteins in hippocampus of SAMP8 mice，so as to explore its mechanisms underlying improvement of Alzheimer's disease (AD)．. A total of 45 male SAMP8 mice were randomly divided into model, EA and MA groups, with 15 mice in each group. The other 15 SAMR1 mice were used as the normal group. In the EA group, EA (2 Hz, 1 mA) was applied to bilateral "Shenshu"(BL23) and manual acupuncture was applied to "Baihui"(GV20) for 20 min. In the MA group, MA was applied to GV20 and bilateral BL23 for 20 min. Both group were treated once a day for 31 days, and with an interval of one day between every two 7 days. Morris water maze was performed to assess the animals' learning-memory ability. The morphological changes of hippocampal neurons were observed under transmission electron microscopy. The expression levels of CDK5, p25 and Tau-5 proteins in the hippocampus were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot, separately. ①Compared with the normal group, the average escape latency of Morris water maze test was prolonged in the model group(P<0.05, P<0.01), duration of swimming in the original platform quadrant and the number of original platform crossing were significantly shorter and less respectively (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, the average escape latency in the EA group was shortened (P<0.05, P <0.01), the duration of swimming in the original platform quadrant and the number of original platform crossing were significantly prolonged and increased (P<0.01); The average escape latency in the MA group was shortened (P<0.05, P <0.01)，and the duration of swimming in the original platform quadrant was prolonged (P<0.05). Compared with the EA group, the average escape latency of the MA group was prolonged (P<0.05), the duration of swimming in the original platform quadrant was shortened(P<0.05). ②Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the neurons in the hippocampal CA1 area had irregular shape and vague structure, reduction in size and number of mitochondria accompanied with swelling, and malformed changes of mitochondrial crest in the model group, which was relatively milder in both EA and MA groups. ③The expression levels of hippocampal Tau-5, p25 and CDK5 proteins were significantly up-regulated in the model group in contrast to the normal group (P<0.01, P<0.05), and obviously down-regulated in both EA and MA groups relevant to the model group (P<0.05, P<0.01). Compared with the EA group, the expression levels of p25 and CDK5 proteins were significantly increased in the MA group (P<0.05). EA of BL23 can improve the learning-memory ability in SAMP8 mice, which is associated with its effect in down-regulating the expression of hippocampal CDK5, p25 and Tau-5 proteins.

Effects Of Treadmill Exercise On DCX And A Beta1-42 In AD Mice

PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of different load exercise on the hippocampal neurogenesis markers DCX and Aβ1-42 in adult AD mice. METHODS: The 3-month-old APP/PS1 dual-transgenic AD mice were randomly divided into four groups: Control group(ADC), Low-load exercise group(ADL), Medium-load exercise group(ADM) and High-load exercise group(ADH), Wild-type control group(WTC) was also be set, 6 mice in each group. ADC and WTC group mice were fed naturally for 5 months. Intervention with different loads of aerobic exercise for every exercise group. Low load running speed was 12 m/min, medium load running speed was 15 m/min, and high load running speed was 18m/min. 5d/w for 30 min/d for 5 months. Then, the Morris Water Maze (MWM) test was performed to estimate mice’ learning and memory abilities, the immunofluorescence technique was used to determine the expression levels of DCX and Aβ1-42 in the hippocampus. RESULTS: (1)In the process of navigation training, all mice’ escape latencies gradually shortened. On the second day, the average escape latency of the ADC group was significantly higher than that of the WTC group (p<0.05). Compared with the ADC group and the ADL group, the mice in the ADM group were significantly reduced from the third day, and the mice in the ADH group were significantly reduced from the fourth day (p<0.05). In the MWM navigation experiment, for the time of through the area of the original platform, ADC group was significantly reduced than WTC group (p<0.01), ADM group and ADH group was significantly higher than ADC group and ADL group (p<0.01,p<0.05). (2) Compared with WTC group, the expression of DCX in ADC group was lower but Aβ1-42 was higher(P<0.05). Compared with ADC group, the expression of DCX in every exercise group was higher but Aβ1-42 was lower(P<0.05, P<0.01). Compared with ADL group, the expression of DCX in ADM group was higher but Aβ1-42 was lower(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Medium and high load exercise can significantly improve the spatial learning and memory ability of AD mice. Exercise, especially medium load exercise, can enhance the expression of DCX in AD mice and reduce the expression of Aβ1-42 in hippocampal.

Analysis of business systems and automation; the application of the original web platform for start-up entrepreneurial endeavors

Ensuring a good position on the market is risked in start-up entrepreneurial endeavors, in which there is an evident funding problem and which have a small amount of the initial capital at their disposal. For that reason, with the help of knowledge and information technologies, entrepreneurial endeavors oriented towards the provision of consulting services for other companies and institutions, or for the personal needs of business decision-making, can ensure a good competitive position by conducting the automation of their services with the help of the original web platform presented in the paper. Thanks to the said automation and web platform, start-up entrepreneurial firms are provided with a strong tool within the framework of their field of work, at a low price, which enables them to be cost-competitive. As the young are increasingly involved in the field of information technologies irrespective of the job they do and as learning programming is increasingly more available within the framework of formal education, non-formal education, i.e. courses, as well as free of charge, via the content on the Internet through diverse tutorials and programs, start-up companies are enabled to utilize their employees’ skills in multiple ways with minimal investments in order to establish the platform, whereas when the professional segment within the field of management and economics, i.e. the managerial segment, are concerned, they may utilize the available knowledge funds and consultants.

That is the “definition of love”

Abstract The author writes a literary tribute to Cirkulacija 2, the only space, where ‘production = habitation = creativity = event’ is true to every letter. A large hall embraces with its physical characteristics as well as intersubjective ones and is a sort of a ‘fractal structure that this original circular plastic production platform is actualized by every time.’ Sonic performance Angstblüten II/Timor Flores II (R. Gönka and Danje Schilling) was one of the last events in Cirkulacija 2, as it had to move out of its premises in Tobačna because the tenants were not profitable enough for the owner.

Comprehensive characterization of elevated coastal platforms in the north Iberian margin: A new template to quantify uplift rates and tectonic patterns

The Cantabrian margin, at the northern Iberian Peninsula, shows elevated coastal platforms extending from west to east for >200 km. These erosional surfaces are several kilometers wide, and are bounded inland by a paleoshoreline, and towards the sea by the retreating current cliff. The origin and evolution of these geomorphologic markers remains controversial, one of the main challenges arising from the difficulties in correlating the patchy distribution of the platforms and their variable heights along the margin due to lithological differences, local tectonism, and varying degrees of preservation. With the aim of understanding recent coastal evolution, a systematic quantitative GIS analysis of LiDAR elevation models (5 m resolution) was carried out along 4.000 km2 of the Cantabrian coast between 4.15°W and 7.30°W longitude. The coastline runs parallel to the Cantabrian Mountains, which are supported by an orogenic root present only beneath the eastern half of the coastline under study. The integration on the GIS template of the crust-mantle boundary as a controlling factor of landscape development has helped in the understanding of the recent evolution of the coastal platforms, and in the interpretation of previously unexplained features of their distribution.The two main outcomes of this multiscale approach are: 1) the correlation of most of the fragmented rasas as part of an original unique coastal platform along the Cantabrian margin, and 2) the differentiation of two sectors separated by a highly tectonized area associated to the Ventaniella fault. The western sector has one main, continuous surface showing a 0.08° tilt towards the west, sometimes interrupted by local and recent minor faults with net slips of meters to tens of meters. The eastern sector has several steps of erosional surfaces spread out at various heights without tilt. The Ventaniella fault, separating both sectors, produces an apparent vertical offset of 50 m in the main erosional surface. Our study shows that this fault also separates two distinct evolutions in the elevation of the coastal platform: (1) the western coast, which has risen continuously, probably in response to a lateral gradient in crustal thickness; and (2) the eastern coast, where uplift is discontinuous over time since several of these surfaces formed below the main paleoshoreline. The Cantabrian coast captures the influence that crustal structure has on the expression and evolution of geomorphologic markers at the surface. And vice versa, landform features at the surface can be very sensitive to differential crustal thickness while responding to the same external and climatic forces. In the context of the western European framework, our work provides a regional template within which future absolute geochronological dating can be based to improve our knowledge of the recent evolution of the Atlantic margins.

Effect of mammalian target of rapamycin on cognitive dysfunction of Alzheimer's Disease via regulating Homer3

Objective: To exploer the effect of mammalian target ofrapamycin(mTOR)on cognitive dysfunction of mice with Alzheimer's disease (AD) induced by amyloid β(1-42) (Aβ(1-42)) via observing the regulation effect of rapamycin on Homer3 in hippocampus. Methods: The 32 mice were randomly divided into fourgroups: sham group (the hippocampus of mice was injected with normal saline); AD group (the hippocampus of mice was injected with Aβ(1-42)); DMSO group(AD mice induced by Aβ(1-42) were intraperitoneally injected with dimethylsulfoxide for 14 days);RAPA group(AD mice induced by Aβ(1-42) were intraperitoneally injected with rapamycin 1 mg/kg for 14 days). Morris maze and Y maze experiments to measuring cognitive function and immunowestern bloting detecting the expression of Aβ(1-42), mTOR, p-mTOR and Homer3 in the hippocampus were conducted on each group of mice. Results: Compared with sham group,the AD group showed significantly longer escape latency,shoter residence time of objective quadrant, less numbers of crossing of original platform, lower alternation ratio(P<0.05); Compared with DMSO group, RAPA group showed significantly shorter escape latency, longer residence time of objective quadrant, more numbers of crossing of original platform, more alternation ratio(P<0.05). The levels of Aβ(1-42) and p-mTOR were increased, the levels of Homer3 were decreased in DMSO group mice's hippocampus compared with sham group(P<0.05); the levels of Aβ(1-42) and p-mTOR were decreased,the levels of Homer3 were increased in RAPA group mice's hippocampus compared with DMSO group(P<0.05). Conclusion: The inhibitor of mTOR rapamycin can improve the cognitive dysfunction of mice with AD induced by Aβ(1-42) and reduce deposition of Aβ(1-42) in the hippocampus, and the possible mechanism is rapamycin depressing the phosphorylation of mTOR as the same as Up-regulation the expression level of Homer3.

Typical neurobehavioral methods and transcriptome analysis reveal the neurotoxicity and mechanisms of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate on pubertal male ICR mice with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

In the present study, the neurotoxicity and mechanisms of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) exposure on pubertal normal (P-normal) and pubertal type 2 diabetes mellitus (P-T2DM) mice were investigated by typical neurobehavioral methods and transcriptome analysis. Pubertal male ICR mice were orally exposed to DEHP (0.18, 1.8, 18 and 180mg/kg/d) for 3weeks. In Open field test, DEHP significantly increased the time in central area staying and decreased the total distance and clockwise (CW) rotation of P-normal and P-T2DM mice. Morris water maze showed that DEHP significantly increased the latency in locating platform and decreased the original platform quadrant and residence time in target quadrant of P-normal and P-T2DM mice. Transcriptome analysis results revealed the effects of DEHP exposure on neural signaling pathway including biogenic amines neurotransmitters, nerve receptors, neurobiological processes, etc. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and western blotting results showed that DEHP significantly decreased the contents of 5-HT, cAMP, GABA and Ca2+, the levels of CREB, phosphorylation of PKA, ERK1/2 and CREB, increased the levels of CaM and phosphorylation of CaMKII in P-normal and P-T2DM mice. Factorial analysis results showed that P-T2DM mice were more sensitive than those of P-normal mice. The potential neurotoxicity mechanism of DEHP may be synergistically mediated by the cAMP-PKA-ERK1/2-CREB signaling and the Ca2+ signaling pathway.

Verum- versus Sham-Acupuncture on Alzheimer's Disease (AD) in Animal Models: A Preclinical Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common health condition affecting senile people and leads to severe cognitive dysfunctions. Acupuncture has been shown to be a possible alternative natural remedy for AD in some animal studies. Objective To perform a systematic review to identify the effect of verum-acupuncture compared with sham-acupuncture on learning and memory performance among animal models of AD. Methods Experimental animal studies of treating AD via verum- and sham- acupuncture were searched in nine electronic databases, including Sciverse ScienceDirect, PubMed, Springer, Ebsco Medline, AMED, EMBASE (Elsevier), Scopus (Elsevier), PsycINFO (ProQuest), and OVID from the dates of the databases' inception to June 2019. The Morris water maze test was considered as an outcome measure. The software Revman 5.3 and Stata 16.0 were used to conduct the meta-analysis. Heterogeneity was examined by using I2 statistics. The publication bias was assessed via Begg's test by Stata 16.0. Results Twelve studies involving 229 animals met the inclusion criteria. Most of the studies had a moderate quality according to SYRCLE's risk of bias tool for animal studies. The results of the meta-analysis indicated that verum-acupuncture could reduce the escape latency (MD = −12.90, 95% CI (−17.08, −8.71), p < 0.001) and increase the time spent in the original platform quadrant (MD = 7.28, 95% CI (4.23, 10.33), p < 0.001) and frequency of the crossing former platform (MD = 2.01, 95% CI (1.53, 2.50), p < 0.001) compared with the sham-acupuncture. Conclusions Acupuncture is effective in improving cognitive functions in AD animal models, and this benefit is more than just a placebo effect. Further clinical trials are needed to confirm the findings.

Resveratrol prevents brain injury and neurogranin expression in rats exposed to gaseous formaldehyde

Objective To explore the effects of gaseous formaldehyde exposure on male Sprague-Dawley rat brain function and synaptic protein expression, as well as the neuroprotective effects of resveratrol. Methods Eighty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into seven group with 12 in each group: control group (N), gaseous formaldehyde accumulation low concentration group (FL group), gaseous formaldehyde accumulation medium concentration group (FM group), gaseous formaldehyde accumulation high concentration group (FH group), gaseous formaldehyde accumulation low concentration + resveratrol group (FLR group), gaseous formaldehyde accumulation concentration + resveratrol group (FMR group) and gaseous formaldehyde accumulation high concentration + resveratrol group (FHR group). The animal model of gaseous formaldehyde accumulation was established by gas formaldehyde exposure method.Learning and memory function was tested by Morris water maze. Cortical and hippocampal neurogranin (Ng) protein expression in brain cortex and hippocampus was measured by Western blot. Results (1) Compared with the escape latency and original platform retention time of rats in group N ((19.75±4.08) s, (43.47±2.43) s), the escape latency of rats in FM and FH groups was prolonged ((25.52±2.98) s, (27.45±2.39) s, t=-4.97, -5.82; both P<0.01), the retention time of the original platform was shortened ((30.99±4.21) s, (18.70±2.58) s, t=10.24, 25.71; both P<0.01). Compared with the corresponding formaldehyde accumulation groups such as the FM and FH groups, the escape latency of the rats in the FMR and FHR groups was significantly longer ((21.37±3.80) s, (24.26±3.56) s, t=1.86, 3.93; both P<0.05), the retention time of the original platform was significantly prolonged ((40.33±3.63)s, (23.46±4.73)s, t=-7.50, -3.95; both P<0.01). (2) Compared with the expression of Ng in cortex and hippocampus of rats in group N ((0.99±0.03), (1.07±0.03)), the expression of Ng protein in cortex and hippocampus of rats in FM and FH groups was significantly reduced((0.62±0.06), (0.39±0.03), (0.77±0.09), (0.46±0.10), t=11.55, 14.08, 11.51, 13.17; all P<0.01). Compared with the corresponding formaldehyde accumulation groups such as the FM and FH groups, the expressions of Ng in the cortex and hippocampus of the rats in the FMR and FHR groups were significantly increased ((0.94±0.11), (0.48±0.04), (0.95±0.05), (0.60±0.09), t=-5.26, -2.09, -5.32, -2.21; all P<0.05). Conclusion Resveratrol can improve the learning and memory function of rats caused by the accumulation of gaseous formaldehyde.The mechanism may be related with the upregulation of Ng. Key words: Gaseous formaldehyde accumulation; Neurogranin; Learning and memory; Resveratrol; Rat

Design Method of Auxiliary Platform for College Physical Education Teaching Based on Campus Network

In the network technology increasingly popular, especially mobile platform technology and Internet of things technology rapid development of modern society, the original information platform has been a huge challenge. Their development also puts forward higher requirements and opportunities for the construction of technical assistance platform in the development of higher education. The purpose of this paper is to model the framework of the auxiliary platform of physical education based on campus network from the perspective of software architecture construction, and to provide methodological guidance for the construction of this kind of auxiliary platform. In order to facilitate the development of physical education teaching platform in higher education, this paper, relying on the campus network, applies the wireless platform and the Internet of things technology, and puts forward the idea of constructing a new auxiliary platform for higher physical education based on campus network, which provides a new model for realizing informatization and modernization of higher physical education teaching. The research structure of this paper shows that, compared with the traditional physical education teaching mode, the method proposed in this paper is oriented to the actual classroom teaching, and technically has the self-name of database and background resources, realizing dynamic framework and real-time data, which is an important innovation to the original teaching platform.

Development and Realization of Web - Based Tourism Service Platform

The rapid development of the Internet and other new technologies has obviously caused a fatal blow to the traditional tourism model, the original tourism model and service platform can no longer attract the attention of the customers without active transformation. On the other hand, new tourism service platforms such as Meituan, ctrip and tuniu, which mainly rely on new Internet technologies, are developing rapidly. Against this background, more and more Internet technologies favor APP development software focusing on individual consumers, while web-based travel service platforms are increasingly weak. The main purpose of this paper is to develop a web-based tourism service platform to meet the consumption and interaction needs of a larger consumer group. In terms of methods, this article selects the Mysql as the database storage platform, graphical interface with Myeclipse as development tools, the construction of the site focus on combining Hibernate + Spring + Struts assembly technology, in terms of the choice of architectural patterns, in this paper, using the MVC pattern is more convenience, Tomcat6.0 version, server mode is used in order to ease the pressure on the server. The experimental results show that the tourism service platform designed in this paper has strong operability and convenience, which greatly improves the efficiency of tourism information transmission, saves the cost of publicity and improves the work efficiency.

Effect of early intervention of electroacupuncture on learning-memory ability and level of hippocampal phosphorylated Tau protein in SAMP8 mice

To explore the effect of early intervention electroacupuncture (EA) at "Baihui" (GV 20), "Dazhui" (GV 14) and "Shenshu" (BL 23) on the learning-memory ability and the expression of phosphorylated Tau protein in the hippocampus of SAMP8 mice, so as to provide reference for the intervening period of EA for Alzheimer's disease (AD). A total of 36 3-month old SAMP8 mice were randomly divided into a model group, a 3-month-old EA group and a 9-month-old EA group, 12 mice in each group. Twelve normal SAMR1 mice with the same age were taken as the control group. The mice in the 3-month-old EA group and 9-month-old EA group were treated with EA at "Baihui" (GV 20), "Dazhui" (GV 14) and "Shenshu" (BL 23) separately 3 months old and 9 months old (continuous wave, 2 Hz, 1.5-2 mA), 20 min each time, once a day, 8 days as a course of treatment, with an interval of 2 days between courses, totally 3 courses of treatment were given. The mice sample in each group was collected at the age of 10 months after the learning-memory ability tested by Morris water maze. The expression of phosphorylated Tau protein in the hippocampus was detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot, and the expression of Tau mRNA was detected by real-time PCR. Compared with the control group, in the model group, the escape latency was significantly increased (P<0.01), the time of stay in the original platform quadrant and the number of crossing the platform quadrant were reduced (P<0.01), and the expressions of phosphorylated Tau protein and Tau mRNA in hippocampus were increased (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, in the 3-month-old EA group and 9-month-old EA group, the escape latency was significantly reduced (P<0.05), the time of stay in the original platform quadrant and the number of crossing the platform quadrant were increased (P<0.05), and the expressions of phosphorylated Tau protein and Tau mRNA in hippocampus were reduced (P<0.05). Compared with the 9-month-old EA group, in the 3-month-old EA group, the escape latency was significantly reduced (P<0.05), the time of stay in the original platform quadrant and the number of crossing the platform quadrant were increased (P<0.05), and the expressions of phosphorylated Tau protein and Tau mRNA were reduced (P<0.01). The early EA intervention could more effectively improve the learning-memory ability and inhibit phosphorylation of Tau protein in the hippocampus of SAMP8 mice.

Neurological effects of subchronic exposure to dioctyl phthalate (DOP), lead, and arsenic, individual and mixtures, in immature mice.

Dioctyl phthalate (DOP) (200, 500, and 1000 mg kg-1 bw, i.g.), Pb (Ac)2 (50 mg L-1, p.o.), and NaAsO2 (10 mg L-1, p.o.) were administered individually and as mixtures to weanling male mice for 8 weeks. It was observed that Pb, As, and DOP exposure could significantly inhibit the growth and development of mice. Compared with the Pb, As, and Pb + As groups, the activities of iNOS and TNOS were significantly increased, the levels of AChE and SOD were significantly decreased, and the level of MDA was significantly increased in the Pb + DOP-H, As + DOP-H, and Pb + As + DOP-H groups. The factorial analysis shows that the iNOS, TNOS, and AChE present synergistic effects on Pb, As, and DOP. A significant increase of escape latency and a significant decrease of original platform quadrant stops were observed between Pb + As + DOP-H and Pb + As groups. The factorial analysis shows that there was a synergistic effect on Pb, As, and DOP. Compared with that of the control group, the expression levels of caspase-3 and Bax expression in Pb + As, DOP-H, Pb + DOP-H, As + DOP-H, and Pb + As + DOP-H groups were significantly increased in the hippocampus. The expression levels of Bcl-2 expression decreased significantly and the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio increased significantly. Pathological alterations on the hippocampus were found in exposed groups. This result shows that combined exposure of Pb, As, and DOP could induce neurotoxicity, of which possible mechanism is hippocampal neuronal apoptosis. Graphical abstract This study shows that there were three components with eigenvalues greater than 1, which together explained 89.40% of total variance. The first component (PC1) showed high loadings on B-SOD, L-SOD, B-MDA, L-MDA, K-MDA, iNOS, tNOS, and AChE and accounted for 46.55% of the total variance after Varimax rotation. PC2 accounted for 23.81% of the total variance with high loadings on B-As, L-As, K-As, and K-SOD, whereas PC3 showed high loadings on B-Pb, L-Pb, and K-Pb and accounted for 19.04% of the total variance.

Paraffin-Inert Atmospheric Solid Analysis Probe: A Fast and Easy Approach To Characterize Extremely Air-Sensitive Organometallic Complexes by Mass Spectrometry.

Rational characterization of most organometallic compounds is hampered by their high reactivity, in particular, toward oxygen and water. Mass spectrometry experiments require physical introduction of the sample in the ionization source. So, the main challenge is to transfer air-sensitive organometallic compounds from inert atmosphere to the ionization source. In this aim, we have developed an easy technique that allows the analysis of air-sensitive compounds using the atmospheric solid analysis probe (ASAP). This method consists of a glass capillary filled with the sample (solid or liquid) and sealed by a paraffin plug to maintain the inert sample until the ionization process. It is illustrated through the structural characterization of a new highly air-sensitive dinuclear zirconium complex supported by an original switchable stilbene platform.