Original Meaning Research Articles

Verba Mencuci “Kumbah” dalam Bahasa Jawa: Kajian Metabahasa Semantik Alami

Javanese is a language used in the daily lives of people who pay attention to the norms in speaking. But unfortunately, the use of Javanese language has begun to fade, which can be proven by the neglect of the use of Javanese language in conversation, and not a few people also do not know Javanese language, including verbs. There are many verbs in the Javanese language, but the researcher wants to focus on the verb washing "kumbah" in Javanese language analysed with the theory of Metabahasa Semantik Alami (MSA). The verb wash "kumbah" has 11 forms of equivalents asah-asah, ngumbahi, wijik, wisuh, mususi, raup, sibin, kemu, kramas, jamasan, and padusan. Of all the "kumbah" washing verbs, there are differences in each verb which can be seen from the procedure for washing and the object being washed. The verb wash "kumbah" in Javanese has a different object in its application, and can be explained by using the explication A wants B to become C. The difference in meaning is obtained by analysing the meaning of the verb. The difference in meaning is obtained by analysing the original meaning combined with uncompositional polysemy.

Idumi & Heritage Conservation in Kenya

Circumcision is an ancient practice worldwide. This research article seeks to demonstrate that the rite of circumcision among the Tiriki people of Western Kenya goes beyond the surgical procedure. It is a lengthy process marked by ceremonies at various stage. This initial study investigated the origin and symbolic meaning embedded in circumcision (idumi) material culture among the Tiriki. The findings established that idumi material culture originated from the Terik, and symbolism is ascribed to all material culture utilized at every stage in the idumi. The information we gathered can guide policy on heritage conservation in order to promote the rich history of Tiriki people and for cultural tourism. The research article recommends that more study needs to be carried out in order to explain why the Tiriki do not circumcise women while the Terik still do so.

Changing the contents of artistic works as a result of the substitution and blinding of the original meaning of precedent phenomena

The article deal with the problems of perceiving and understanding the contents of artistic works and the reasons for their change. The rea­sons for the transformations of the original values, the influence of such transformations on changing the contents are clarified. The influ­ence of the considerable complexity of language and expressive means used by modern composers on the formation of contents is traced. The influence of the listener's insufficient cultural competence on the perception of complex-language works and changing their con­tents was revealed. For the first time, the role of precedent phenomena in the process of reading and forming the content of works in the pro­cess of their actualization has been consistently investigated. A very important factor in the adequate formation of contents is, in particular, taking into account the values provided by the analysis and under­standing of the precedent situation. This factor, which usually has a socio-cultural nature and is closely tied to specific historical realities, is usually "taken out of parentheses" in the process of perception, which, in our opinion, leads to a significant change in the contents of the perceived object. Erasing the original meanings of precedent names also clearly leads to changes and blurring of the formed con­tents, causing their «modernization». Even more mobile is the result of reading the values of precedent names, which are always closely re­lated to precedent situations. The importance of intertextual and intermedial strategies for changing the contents of read texts is indicated. The importance of the involve­ment of paramusical and cross-cultural factors for the final establish­ment of the configuration of updated contents in the process of per­ception is emphasized. All proposed theoretical formulations presented in the article are based on the results of detailed art and cultural analysis. The descrip­tion and results of one of these basic analyzes are given in the text of the article. This is an examination of the history of the formation of the modern text and the modern content of the well-known folk song of literary origin «How to sit, brothers, near the cup» based on a poem by Osyp Yurii Fedkovych. Peculiarities of reading this artistic text, deter­mined by discursive features and socio-cultural conditions of perfor­mance, are also analyzed.

STEAM-Integrated Problem-Based Learning: Traditional Indonesian Music on Sound Wave Concepts

Conceptual understanding is the level of a student's ability to understand a certain concept and explain it without altering the original meaning. This research aims to determine students' conceptual understanding by using STEAM-integrated Problem-Based Learning on sound wave material. "Mix methods" are used in this research, which is accompanied by an embedded experimental design. The research subject consists of 37 students in 11th grade at SMA Salatiga. Based on the results, it can be concluded that Problem-based learning (PBL) can increase students' conceptual understanding of sound wave material. This is proven by the results of the analysis on their conceptual understanding; where previously it consisted of the partial understanding category (5.41%), partial misconception category (10.81%), specific misconception category (48.65%), and no understood category (35.14%) – and after using STEAM integrated PBL – it consists of sound understood category (35.15%), partial understanding category (48.64%) and partial misconception category (16.21%). In the future, STEAM-integrated PBL can be implemented in other skills, especially the ones needed in the 21st century; such as critical thinking, creativity, communication, and collaboration.

Bringing an EU Joint Action to TikTok: the case of eCAN

Abstract Issue The Joint Action (JA) on strengthening eHealth including telemedicine and remote monitoring for health care systems for cancer prevention and care (eCAN) is a project co-funded by the European Union from 2022 to 2024. The Work Package on Communication (WP2) disseminates the JA's activities and outputs. Social media (SM) is one of the pillars of the communication strategy to promote eCAN and engage target audiences. Although the health sector is often present on LinkedIn, Twitter and Facebook, there are few examples of TikTok use in this area, making it difficult to identify role models. Description of the problem After reviewing other JA's communication channels, eCAN opens six SM accounts and divides them into two groups: written-content focused (Facebook, LinkedIn & Twitter) and audiovisual-content focused (Instagram, YouTube & TikTok). The TikTok account aims at innovating the way EU initiatives communicate and disseminate results. At the same time, it is meant to try to achieve a broader scope of audiences by exploring original means to reach them. Results Main results of eCAN's TikTok account for the period mid-January to mid-April 2023*: Followers: 18; Likes: 181; Comments: 1; Nº of posts: 10; Views: 3.355 * Data to be updated with results up to mid-October at the conference. Lessons WP2 faces the barrier of reducing the gap existing in bringing healthcare literacy and scientific accuracy into the much less rigid format TikTok is, particularly regarding cancer and telemedicine outreach. Besides, this social network's rules and algorithms might be challenging in terms of achieving visibility. The success of dissemination strategy depends on an adequate planification of what contents need to be communicated altogether with what the best formats should be used to widen the audiences while maintaining the project's reliability. Key messages • The eCAN JA is the first initiative to incorporate TikTok as a platform for disseminating the projects updates, outcomes and issues related to telemedicine, cancer and digital transformation. • This project explores new tools to be used in the health sector and within EU initiatives for reducing the gap in bringing health literacy and scientific accuracy to broader audiences.

ON THE NATIONAL-CULTURAL SEMANTICS OF THE VALUE ‘YOU SHAN’ (৻ழ) IN CHINESE

The article examines the national-cultural semantics of ‘You Shan’ (৻ழ) in Chinese from the perspective of linguoculturology reflected in etymology, dictionary and periodicals. Authoritative Chinese dictionaries and the main corpora of the Chinese language (the Chinese language corpus of the State Commission on Language and Writing, the BCC corpus, the National press index database) served as the research material. The analysis made it possible to conclude that ‘You Shan’ is a traditional virtue and one of the main socialist values in China. It has rich semantics including such elements as friendship, mutual assistance, auspiciousness, sincerity, etc. The semantic realm of ‘You Shan’ is continuously expanding, from the most elementary relations between people to relations between nations and countries. The subject of ‘You Shan’ can be people and animals, and the applicable objects can be animals, the environment, and even things. ‘You Shan’ plays a positive role in the formation of national or personal image, and promotes close interpersonal relationships and social harmony. However, according to the principle of the ‘golden mean’ in ancient Chinese philosophy, to be too friendly is not advocated. Sometimes, ‘You Shan’ is regarded as a disguise for dominance and personal goals, which is negatively evaluated since sincerity is included in its original meaning.

Derivation from Native and Loan Acronyms in Arabic

An acronym consists of the first letters of words in a compound as NASA and UNESCO. Acronyms are pronounced as a word or letter by letter (USA). Arabic has native acronyms (DAESH, HAMAS) and borrowed acronyms for names of companies, organizations, news agency (ALECSO, SANA, WATA, Radar, SEDAW). A unique linguistic phenomenon exists in Arabic where a variety of forms are derived from acronyms pronounced as a word, whether native or borrowed. This study explores derivability of acronyms, the class and meaning shifts that some native and loan acronyms in Arabic have undergone and the productivity level of those derived forms. Derivable acronyms under study are ISIS, HAMAS, FATAH, LASER, AIDS, NATO, WATA, GMC, CD, and RADAR. The most prominent and prolific acronym that was coined during the Arab Spring is DAESH (ISIS). It has more than 50 derivatives with several derived verbs, nouns and adjectives and others as استدعاش دعشنة داعشية داعشي دعششة. Although its original denotative meaning was the “Islamic State in Iraq and Syria” (الدولة الإسلامية في العراق والشام), DAESH has gone through a meaning and form shift. For example, دواعش refers to members of ISIS, or those who support ISIS; داعشية is the phenomenon of chopping heads and bloodshed; استدعاش the act of violence and atrocities. Such derived forms have a negative and pejorative connotation. Forms derived from LASER and AIDS have derivatives; NATO has the derived adjective (ناتاوي) as الربيع الليبي الناتاوي "NATO Libyan spring", and singular and the plural nouns that are agents ناتاوي ناتاويين "supporters of NATO interference in Arabic revolutions". Those forms have a negative connotation and are used by journalists and social media users who oppose the NATO interference in Arab revolutions. GMC, CD and RADAR only take a plural suffix. Results of the analysis of the derived forms, the class and meaning shifts that acronyms in Arabic have undergone, why some acronyms are derivable, and others are not, are reported in detail.

Störende Statuen?

Abstract Ancient statues continued to be visible in the cityscape of Constantinople after Late Antiquity. Myths and legends often arose around them, as their original meaning and designation had been forgotten. This article discusses examples from the early and middle Byzantine periods in order to show which functions statues assumed in the understanding of imperial power and which messages they could convey. It is not surprising that statues were able to influence the public discourse on the one hand, and that the emperor could exercise dominion and assert his sovereignty of opinion with these visible monuments on the other.

Originality and the future of copyright in an age of generative AI

This paper takes the occasion of French DJ David Guetta's use of generative AI tools to create lyrics and a voice in the style of Eminem, which he then used in one of his concerts, as the basis for an exploration of the shifting meaning of creativity and originality in the age of generative AI. Our main contention is that the Guetta form of creativity with generative AI tools differs in certain important respects from what has come before. The paper describes an iterative, dynamic process of conception, prompting, generation, refining, and deployment to characterise creativity in this context. Nevertheless, we contend that copyright – specifically the concept of originality as articulated in US federal law – is a sufficiently durable legal mechanism that can manage these new cultural forms, and that the two basic requirements of modern copyright law (a tangible medium of expression and a modest degree of creativity) remain relevant in identifying the scope of legal protection.The paper argues that the David Guetta story reveals something more general about creativity in a digital age, namely that while hybrid-networked (i.e., human – corporate – machine) creators have always created hybrid-networked cultural forms (i.e., creations that blend human and technology-constituted elements), such hybridity becomes increasingly visible and complex in the context of a new world of generative AI. At the very least, earlier – and influential – models of creativity as human-driven involving creation ex nihilo become harder to sustain in a new age of generative AI. But this does not mean copyright or notions of originality are redundant or that copyright law cannot accommodate Guetta and other cases.Such an account seems important as it challenges the hegemonic and reductive view that AI “generates” artistic works autonomously and avoids reducing the copyright issues raised by such creative works to the related but distinct question of whether learning models rely on copyrighted data. As such, copyright law should remain an important mechanism to facilitate genuine creators who are using AI systems in innovative and unique ways to push the boundaries of their creativity.

The Crisis of the Form. The Paradox of Modern Logic and its Meaning for Phenomenology

The goal of this paper is to provide an account of the role played by logic in the context of what Husserl names the “crisis of European sciences.” Presupposing the analyses offered in the Krisis, I look at Formale und Transzendentale Logik to demonstrate that the crisis of logic stems from the deviation of its original meaning as a “theory of science” and from its restriction to a mere “theoretical technique.” Through a comparison between Aristotelian syllogistic and modern logic, I show why the modern discovery of the purely formal dimension of knowledge which makes possible such a mathematical technization is a positive achievement that hinders at the same time the disclosure of the truly philosophical nature of logic. The correct appraisal of this ambiguous phenomenon will explain why the rise of modern logic represents a decisive challenge for the success of Husserl’s late phenomenological project.

Proper Names Translation in “The Secret Garden” Novel by Frances Hodgson Burnett

In literary works such as novels, language plays a vital role in telling stories. Novels that will be distributed to readers from various countries will usually be translated first, and it is the job of the translator to maintain several important elements such as proper names so that they remain under the original meaning of the text. This way, readers can fully grasp the essence of the story in the translated version. The main aim of this study is to discover the different kinds of proper names and translation techniques used in Frances Hodgson Burnett's novel, The Secret Garden. To achieve this, the research incorporates Newmark's theory. The data was collected through observation and documentation, with notes being taken during the process. As a result, the study identified three distinct types of proper names in The Secret Garden novel, such as people’s names, geographical terms, and names of objects. Furthermore, during the research, seven different translation procedures were discovered. These procedures include transference, naturalization, couplets, expansion, shift or transposition, cultural equivalent, and literal translation. Out of all the translation procedures studied, the transference procedure was the one most used. It allowed the translator to retain the original names as much as possible while translating the novel into another language.

Sociocular deviances of young people in the sphere of interpersonal interactions: self-regulation and modelling

In the semantic space of young people, the rethinking of attitudes towards interpersonal interactions is accompanied by the formation of patterns oriented towards separation, disintegration and self-assertion against the background of the interlocutor. From the point of view of the normative approach, these deviations should be considered as opposing the basic semantic foundations of the norms of social interactions between young people. Sociocultural deviations in social reality are represented in the form of semantic characteristics of the goals and principles of life activity, which are labelled by the representatives of the community as deviant because they do not correspond to the basic, collective interpretations of the normal, permissible and generally accepted in the culture of a particular community. In the article, the nature of sociocultural deviations of young people is considered in the context of their deviation from the original meanings that were laid down in the understanding of the patterns of social interactions within the dominant culture. Orientation to sociocultural deviations is presented as a consequence of strengthening the processes of instrumentalisation and rationalisation of young people in the sphere of interpersonal interactions. The results of the all-Russian research conducted by the Centre of Sociology of Youth of ISPR FCTAS RAS in 2021 are presented. The correlations between the sign of trust/distrust in the interlocutor and semantic deviations in the youth environment are analysed, which makes it possible to study the semantic orientation of self-regulation of youth deviations in the sphere of interpersonal interactions. The application of the method of structural and taxonomic modelling allowed us to study the type of self-regulation of sociocultural deviations of young people in their social reality. The algorithms used automatically selected the elements closest to each other by a sufficiently large number of characteristics and grouped these elements into natural semantic unities. The meanings corresponding to the elements are not distributed chaotically, but are arranged in a certain hierarchy, according to the values of the selected proximity measure. Thus, the semantic deviations were studied, which are concentrated in the core of the semantic unity and on its periphery.

Dissection as a Method of Modern European Anatomy: Devoted to the 480th Anniversary of “De Humani Corporis Fabrica Libri Septem” by Andreas Vesalius

The article is devoted to the 480th anniversary of the publication of Andreas Vesalius’s “De humani corporis fabrica libri septem” and considers its biographical, historical, cultural contexts. The authors compare the results of Andreas Vesalius' investigation to other anatomical studies in the late Middle Ages and the Renaissance, presenting Vesalius’s work as the creation of a new European scientific approach in anatomy, identical to a research experiment in physics. It is demonstrated the significance of the dissection method in the form proposed by Andreas Vesalius for modern anatomy and medicine. The principal work of Andreas Vesalius is considered as the most important source of anatomical vocabulary, which is the prototype of international anatomical nomenclature. The biographical and historical issues presented by the authors allow modern readers to reveal the meanings of Andreus Vesalius’s paper, the original meaning of which was lost with all the time that has passed. The results of modern studies investigating the work of the great Flemish anatomist, little known to the Russian reader, are presented.

Research and application of Big data encryption technology based on quantum lightweight image encryption

Given the limitations of current classic image encryption algorithms and the unconditional security characteristics of quantum key distribution protocols, the author proposes an image encryption method based on quantum key distribution and pixel scrambling. The author first analyzed the security issues of quantum image encryption algorithms based on image scrambling methods, namely that image scrambling methods have periodicity, which can ensure that the image can be restored after scrambling. If an image cannot be guaranteed to return to its original state after performing scrambling operations, legitimate users cannot obtain the secret information in the original image, and image scrambling loses its original meaning; However, the periodicity of image scrambling methods not only ensures that legitimate users can decrypt images, but also provides convenience for attackers to steal original image information. Secondly, it is pointed out that when evaluating and analyzing quantum image encryption algorithms, the evaluation indicators should include two parts: One is performance analysis, which is the analysis of the network complexity of quantum circuits. In quantum computing, the network complexity of quantum circuits is usually represented by the number of quantum basic logic gates. The second is security analysis, which mainly includes key analysis (including key space size and key sensitivity analysis), statistical analysis (including pixel correlation, histogram analysis, information fusion, and scatter plot distribution density analysis). Finally, experimental simulations have shown that the NPCR values of the plaintext and ciphertext images of the three images tend to 100%. The encrypted image histogram is evenly distributed, with very weak pixel correlation and high pixel change rate and information entropy.

Dual teacher model for semi-supervised ABUS tumor segmentation

Automated Breast Ultrasound (ABUS) has emerged as a crucial modality for the detection of breast tumors in clinical settings. However, obtaining accurate pixel-level annotations of medical images for ABUS tumor segmentation is a labor-intensive and expensive process, which hinders the performance of deep learning methods. In this work, we propose a novel semi-supervised tumor segmentation model, namely the Dual-Teacher model, which effectively leverages a small set of labeled images and a large number of unlabeled images for improved segmentation. The Dual-Teacher model extends the original mean teacher (MT) model, MT model only utilizes commonly used consistency criteria, by incorporating an auxiliary teacher branch the Dual-Teacher model captures complementary information from the teacher model and guides the training of the student model. We further introduce a pseudo-label update strategy that combines self-training and consistency constraints to improve the accuracy of pseudo-labels. To optimize the training of the Dual-Teacher model, we design an adaptive loss function that considers the pseudo-labels generated by both teacher models. Our proposed method is evaluated on an ABUS dataset comprising 107 patients with 170 volumes, totaling 3736 2D labeled slices. Experimental results demonstrate that the Dual-Teacher model achieves a Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) of 74.6 %, precision of 75.3 % and recall of 73.9 %, indicating promising performance compared to existing methods.

Communicative Role Of Traditional Values In Maintaining the Social Stability of Chinese Society

Traditional values of Confucianism are perceived as the binding foundation for all sectors of society and social institutions in China – both in the past and in present. Communicativeness is interpreted from the point of view of values that go back to the centuries-old history of China, rather than from the point of view of new digital technologies that play supporting role. The common principles of interaction learned, understood and adopted by all members of society make it possible to develop universal value-institutionalized practices that are introduced into communication between people and organizations on a newly emerging technological basis. The traditional values of Confucianism are being revived after a period of oblivion and acquiring a binding meaning in public communications, significantly contributing to the maintenance of social stability. To ensure social stability on such grounds, the authors consider it is necessary to observe traditional moral and value guidelines in the subjects of communication themselves, especially when they implement the functions of solidarity and coordination of communications between all subjects and objects of this process. The authors outline the following criteria for the effectiveness of social communications based on traditional values: (1) cognitive – unity of understanding of generally accepted values; (2) traditional – preservation of the original meaning and purpose of value systems ; (3) technological – the ability to preserve the original value essence in the shell of new communication technologies. At the end, the authors offer a framework vision of the communicative traditionalist-value mechanism for maintaining social stability and criteria for its effectiveness with the prospect of developing an approach to identifying the communicative capabilities of traditional values in order to maintain social stability. The authors’ reflections and conclusions are accompanied by examples of communication practices in Chinese society of the past and in present.

Quarter match non-local means algorithm for noise removal

The notion of improving plays out in many forms in our lives. We look for better quality, faster speed, and leisurelier connections. To achieve our desired goals, we must ask questions. How to make a process stronger? How to make a process more efficient? How to make a process more effective? Image denoising plays a vital role in many professions and understanding how noise can be present in images has led to multiple denoising techniques. These techniques include total variation regularization, non-local regularization, sparse representation, and low-rank minimization just to name a few. Many of these techniques exist because of the concept of improvement. First, we have a change (problem). This change invokes thoughts and questions. How these changes occur and how they are handled play an essential role in the realization or malfunction of that process. With this understanding, first, we look to fully understand the process to achieve success. As it relates to image denoising, the non-local means is incredibly effective in image reconstruction. In particular, the non-local means filter removes noise and sharpens edges without losing too many fine structures and details. Also, the non-local means algorithm is amazingly accurate. Consequently, the disadvantage that plagues the non-local means filtering algorithm is the computational burden and it is due to the non-local averaging. In this paper, we investigate innovative ways to reduce the computational burden and enhance the effectiveness of this filtering process. Research examining image analysis shows there is a battle between noise reduction and the preservation of actual features, which makes the reduction of noise a difficult task. For exploration, we propose a quarter-match non-local means denoising filtering algorithm. The filters help to classify a more concentrated region in the image and thereby enhance the computational efficiency of the existing non-local means denoising methods and produce an enriched comparison for overlying in the restoration process. To survey the constructs of this new algorithm, the authors use the original non-local means filtering algorithm, which is coined, “State of the Art” and other selective processes to test the effectiveness and efficiency of the new model. When comparing the original non-local means with the new quarter match filtering algorithm, on average, we can reduce the computational cost by half, while improving the quality of the image. To further test our new algorithm, medical resonance (MR) and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images are used as specimens for real-world applications.

한·중 냉각 형용사 대조 연구

Objectives The purpose of this study was to illuminate the semantic extension patterns of cooling adjectives in Korean and Chinese through a comparative study focusing on the Korean words ‘차다’, ‘차갑다’, ‘시리다’, ‘쌀쌀하다’, ‘서늘하다’, ‘싸늘하다’, and the Chinese word ‘涼’.
 Methods In this study, the definitions and characteristics of the original meanings, extended meanings, metaphor, and metonymy were first summarized. Then, a comparative analysis of the dictionary meanings of cooling adjectives in Korean and Chinese was conducted. Through this process, distinctions were made between the original meanings and extended meanings of these adjectives. Subsequently, corpus data were used to analyze the patterns of semantic extension of cooling adjectives in Korean and Chinese.
 Results The extended meanings of the Chinese word ‘涼’ and the Korean words ‘차다’, ‘차갑다’, ‘시리다’, ‘쌀쌀하다’, ‘싸늘하다’, and ‘서늘하다’ were found to encompass both similar and completely distinct meanings. However, the most important observation was that even when there are similar meanings, there are significant differences in the extension paths. The extension paths of the character 涼 mainly focus on abstract semantic extensions, and the verb ‘차다’ reveals not only abstract semantic extensions but also sensory extensions. Furthermore, when comparing the extended meanings of 涼 and ‘차갑다’, ‘쌀쌀하다’, ‘서늘하다’, and ‘싸늘하다’, it can be observed that while they share some similar extended meanings, the extension paths of ‘차갑다’, ‘쌀쌀하다’, ‘서늘하다’, and ‘싸늘하다’ are relatively diverse. Lastly, it can be confirmed that there is no similar meaning in the extended meanings of 涼 and ‘시리다’, and from the perspective of extension paths, both words share the commonality of extensions related to ‘state’ and ‘abstract entity’. Additionally, the Chinese character 涼 has additional extension paths related to ‘body parts’ and ‘area (space)’.
 Conclusions This study is meaningful in that when making sentences using adjectives for cold , the vocabulary is accurately selected and used by referring to the expansion path of the extended meaning of Korean and Chinese adjectives for cold.

고등학교 확률과 통계에서의 독립성과 시행 개념 분석

The concept of independence in high school probability and statistics helps to solve real-life probability problems and plays a key role in connecting probability and statistics areas. However, due to the complexity of the concept of independence and the difficulty of instruction in school mathematics, there is a possibility that only formal contents rather than the original meaning of the concept of independence will be delivered to students. In order to explore the fundamental causes of ‘difficulties in understanding the concept of independence’ and ‘problems in the method of teaching the concept of independence’, The concepts of ‘independence’ and ‘trial’ were analyzed through curriculum and textbooks, and 41 high school mathematics teachers were surveyed for their understanding of the concept of independence. Based on these contents, implications for the method of teaching the concept of independence in high school probability and statistics subjects were found, and the direction of improvement in curriculum design and textbook development was discussed.

사회적경제기본법(안)의 사회적경제 및 사회적경제조직의 정의에 관한 연구

The Social Economy Basic Law (draft) has been proposed five times in the 21st National Assembly. The social economy is considered to have the attributes of economic activities that have organizational democracy and autonomy internally and pursue various values and purposes externally. However, according to the legislative bills proposed in the 21st National Assembly, the definition of social economy includes contents such as reciprocal cooperation, reciprocity and solidarity internally, but the main focus is on external activities such as the realization of social values rather than internal activities or organizations. As for the definition of a social economy organization, although it should be an organization with internal autonomous operation and democratic decision-making structure, the lawmakers' bill defines a social economy organization as a business organization that engages in business activities such as purchasing, producing, selling, and consuming goods and services while pursuing social values, and in fact does not mention the requirements for internal autonomy and democratic decision-making structure. As a result, the Social Economy Basic Act proposed by lawmakers has not been able to differentiate itself from the existing Social Enterprise Development Act and has not been enacted. Therefore, it is necessary to insert the contents of internal autonomy and democratic decision-making structure into the definition regulations so that the Basic Social Economy Act (Draft) is in line with the original meaning of social economy and social economy organizations, and to specify the contents of internal autonomy and democratic decision-making structure separately as requirements for social economy organizations in the legislation. It is expected that the original meaning of social economy will be reflected in the bill and the legislation will be smoothly implemented through the supplementation of the definition and the addition of requirements.