Original Film Research Articles

Significantly improved high-temperature capacitive performance in polypropylene based on molecular semiconductor grafting

The high-temperature dielectric properties and energy storage performance of capacitive materials are of great significance for the sustainable development of new energy-related fields. However, the most widely used commercial capacitor dielectric biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) films fail to satisfy the requirements of continuous operation above 105 °C at high electric fields. Here we demonstrate a molecular semiconductor-grafted polypropylene (PP) composite that possesses substantially enhanced dielectric and capacitive performance up to 120 °C by virtue of the modulated carrier transport behavior. The organic molecular semiconductor [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) is chemically grafted onto PP chains (PCBM-g-PP) to achieve strong interaction and decent compatibility between the PCBM and the polymer matrix. Based on computational simulation and experimental verification, it is confirmed that the grafted molecular semiconductor introduces deep traps to inhibit the migration of high-energy charge carriers excited by heat. In the meantime, the grafting also helps to intensify the regulation effect by exerting positive influences on the microstructure of the polymer. The PCBM-g-PP/PP composite films possess reduced leakage current and dielectric loss, as well as suppressed electric field distortion and elevated breakdown strength. At 120 °C, the energy storage density of the composite with an efficiency above 90% reaches 1.59 J/cm3, which is 683.62% that of the original PP film. The reported molecular semiconductor-grafting strategy is expected to promote the capacitive performance of polypropylene under hash-temperature conditions, facilitating the development of lightweight and compact-size dielectric capacitors.

Hindi Cinema Made in Northeast India: A Case Study of Three Directors

Mainstream Hindi cinema with pan-Indian presence has been stereotyping its regional identities by presentation of the lifestyle and cultural identities. India’s Northeast is also a victim of this ongoing phenomena in the hundred-year-old history of Indian Cinema. No mainstream major Indian filmmaker came forward to make any film on the backdrop of Northeast till recent years, with a remarkable exception like Mary Kom, made on the outstanding life of a global boxing icon hailing from this region. Kalpana Lajmi directed films like Ek Pal and Daman on the backdrop of Assam are in fact productions undertaken at the initiative of co-producer and iconic Assamese legend Dr Bhupen Hazarika. As opposed to this scenario, there had been few initiatives by film directors hailing from Northeast to highlight this region before the Hindi speaking mainstream Indian cinephiles through the production of original Hindi language films on the backdrop of this region. This study explores a selected few Hindi films directed by filmmakers from Northeast India like Dr Bhupen Hazarika, Jahnu Baruah and Dr Bhabendra Nath Saikia to examine how this region, its people and culture have been presented and to what extent their films Mera Dharam Meri Maa, Apeksha and Kaalsandhya impacted mainstream Hindi audience in understanding and accepting the unique identity, lifestyle, culture and social norms of this region.

Supramolecular and double network strategy toward strong and antibacterial protein films by introducing waterborne polyurethane and quaternized chitosan

Plant-derived protein composite film is one of the promising substitutes for non-renewable petroleum-based materials. However, its application is greatly limited due to the low mechanical strength and poor antibacterial activity. In this paper, a dual network strategy based on supramolecular chemistry was reported for fabricating a high-strength and antibacterial soybean protein (SP)-based biofilm by incorporating waterborne polyurethane (WP) and quaternized chitosan (QCS). Specifically, castor oil as a renewable plant resource was used for the preparation of functional WP polymer. Based on the synergistic effect of WP network and SP network, the performance of SP-based composite film was significantly enhanced. Compared with the original SP film, the tensile strength and toughness of SP/WP/QCS film were substantially increased by 159% and 531%, respectively. In addition, the composite film showed significantly enhanced water resistance and UV shielding capability. Due to the antibacterial effect of the quaternary ammonium salt component, the SP/WP/QCS composite film exhibited superior antibacterial properties. Therefore, this study provides a feasible strategy for the preparation of high-performance SP-based films, which is expected to be applied in packaging, multifunctional adhesive, and UV-shielding coating.

Прагматическая адаптация в кинопереводе (на материале художественного фильма К. Тарантино «Криминальное чтиво»)

The study aims to identify the features and ways of implementing pragmatic adaptation when translating Q. Tarantino’s film “Pulp Fiction” from English into Russian. The paper addresses the notion of pragmatic adaptation and emphasises the importance of its use in film translation. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that the authors apply the classification of pragmatic text adaptation by V. N. Komissarov to the analysis of the film text and describe the ways of its implementation when translating Q. Tarantino’s film “Pulp Fiction” from English into Russian. As a result, it has been found that the English to Russian translation of Q. Tarantino’s film “Pulp Fiction” is characterised by pragmatic adaptation of two types – pragmatic adaptation in realia translation and pragmatic adaptation to preserve the stylistic features of the original film text. Based on the analysed material and using the method of quantitative analysis, conclusions are drawn about the most common ways of implementing pragmatic adaptation in translation.

Translation and cultural mediation in the media paratexts of Green Book: localizing racism and friendship for a Chinese audience

ABSTRACT Set in the segregated America of the 1960s, Green Book explores the theme of racism and discrimination through the concert tour of a Jamaican American pianist. When the film was introduced to China, it underwent significant cultural mediation and adaptation. On Sina Weibo, one of China’s largest social media platforms, Green Book’s Chinese marketing team posted film descriptions, highlights, flyers and posters to attract a potential audience. Through an analysis of these media paratexts, this article explores how the narrative in the original film was localized by the corporate sector when translated into a Chinese context. In multiple and intricate ways, the industry-created paratexts of Green Book reveal how a media product interacts with the target culture during its localization process. These interactions are interpreted in relation to China’s current sociocultural context to uncover the dynamics and complexities of the cultural mediation of media.

Nonlinear plasma surface modification of polylactide to promote interaction with fibroblasts

AbstractSurface modification of polylactide films was performed using a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) with the aim of increasing proliferative activity of human fibroblasts on these films. It has been shown that during the plasma treatment of the polylactide film, nonlinear processes occur depending on the processing time. The effect of the dielectric barrier discharge on the modification of polylactide films was evaluated using IR spectroscopy, AFM, XPS, TSDC, and the wetting angle of the surface. The optimal processing time in DBD of polylactide films is 3 min for this installation, the proliferative activity increases by 10% compared to the original film. This treatment time provides an increased concentration of oxygen‐containing groups, optimal relief, and free surface energy of 55 mJ/m2 on the surface.Highlights The biocompatibility of the polylactide film was improved by 10% used DBD. The optimal processing time of PLA films in DBD is 3 min. The functionalization of the polylactide surface occurs non‐linearly.

A Comparative Analysis of the Novel and the Film of the Joy Luck Club from the Perspective of Postcolonial Feminism

The Chinese American female writer Amy Tan published the autobiographical novel The Joy Luck Club in 1989. After four years, the story was adapted into a film of the same name, written by Amy Tan and directed by Chinese American Wayne Wang. Afterward, Chinese and foreign scholars studied from the perspectives of feminism, Chinese identity, Chinese and Western cultural conflict and the mother-daughter relationship. In China, few scholars combine the theories of post-colonialism and feminism to study the original work and film adaptation of The Joy Luck Club. The research finds that although the film successfully restores the main plot and retains the spirit core of the novel, it also has the following problems: strong orientalist overtones, de-emphasizing female narrative voices, and ignoring Asian marginalization. Through a close reading of the novel and a deep interpretation of the film, this article makes a comparative study of the two from the perspective of Spivak's postcolonial feminist theory and explores the deficiencies after the film adaptation. It is found that these deficiencies occur because the director is influenced by postcolonial cultural background and traditional patriarchy. He falsifies the women's right to discourse in the third world, making them unable to speak for themselves independently.

Enhanced Thermochromic Performance of VO2 Nanoparticles by Quenching Process.

Vanadium dioxide (VO2) has been a promising energy-saving material due to its reversible metal-insulator transition (MIT) performance. However, the application of VO2 films has been seriously restricted due to the intrinsic low solar-energy modulation ability (ΔTsol) and low luminous transmittance (Tlum) of VO2. In order to solve the problems, the surface structure of VO2 particles was regulated by the quenching process and the VO2 dispersed films were fabricated by spin coating. Characterizations showed that the VO2 particles quenched in deionized water or ethanolreserved VO2(M) phase structure and they were accompanied by surface lattice distortion compared to the pristine VO2. Such distortion structure contributed to less aggregation and highly individual dispersion of the quenched particles in nanocomposite films. The corresponding film of VO2 quenched in water exhibited much higher ΔTsol with an increment of 42.5% from 8.8% of the original VO2 film, because of the significant localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect. The film fabricated from the VO2 quenched in ethanol presented enhanced thermochromic properties with 15.2% of ΔTsol and 62.5% of Tlum. It was found that the excellent Tlum resulted from the highly uniform dispersion state of the quenched VO2 nanoparticles. In summary, the study provided a facile way to fabricate well-dispersed VO2 nanocomposite films and to facilitate the industrialization development of VO2 thermochromic films in the smart window field.

Influence of direct fluorination treatment on surface and optical properties of colorless and transparent polyimides

Due to excellent comprehensive performance, colorless and transparent polyimide (CPI) films are the greatest potential substrates for flexible displays, lighting, and solar cells. In this work, CPI films were modified by direct fluorination to increase the wettability and transmittance. The effects of fluorination duration on the chemical structure and surface physical morphology of CPI films were investigated in detail by attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results show that, depending on the fluorination duration, direct fluorination causes significant changes in surface composition and structure. The F/C and O/C ratios of the samples were enhanced as the fluorination time increased. Surface microcrack increased at initially, then decreased as fluorination time increased. The fluorinated surfaces exhibit a high hydrophily and lipophobicity, and consequently a very high surface energy, according to contact angle measurements. In comparison to original CPI film, the fluorinated CPI films exhibited higher optical transmittance in the ultraviolet–visible light region compared with original CPI film. In addition, the fluorinated CPI films showed good thermal stability up to 500 °C and higher glass transition temperatures (Tg) compared with original CPI film.

Robustly Enhanced Seebeck Coefficient in the MXene/Organics/TiS2 Misfit Structure for Flexible Thermoelectrics.

The flexible thermoelectric (TE) generator has emerged as a superior alternative to traditional batteries for powering wearable electronic devices, as it can efficiently convert skin heat into electricity without any safety concerns. MXene, a highly researched two-dimensional material, is known for its exceptional flexibility, hydrophilicity, metallic conductivity, and processability, among other properties, making it a versatile material for a wide range of applications, including supercapacitors, electromagnetic shielding, and sensors. However, the low intrinsic Seebeck coefficient of MXene due to its metallic conducting nature poses a significant challenge to its TE application. Therefore, improving the Seebeck coefficient remains a primary concern. In this regard, a flexible MXene/organics/TiS2 misfit film was synthesized in this work through organic intercalation, exfoliation, and re-assembly techniques. The absolute value of Seebeck coefficient of the misfit film was significantly enhanced to 44.8 μV K-1, which is five times higher than that of the original MXene film. This enhancement is attributed primarily to the weighted effect of the Seebeck coefficient and possibly to energy-filtering effects at the heterogeneous interfaces. Additionally, the power factor of the misfit film was considerably improved to 77.2 μW m-1 K-2, which is 18 times higher than that of the original MXene film. The maximum output power of the TE device constructed of the misfit film was 95 nW at a temperature difference of 40 K, resulting in a power density of 1.18 W m-2, demonstrating the significant potential of this technology for driving low-energy consumption wearable electronics.

Construction of layered porous carbon supported titanium with broadband infrared absorption

A polymer precursor composed of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) was prepared, the obtained compound was subsequently mixed with Ti particles and coated on the Cu foil by dip-coating. A layered porous carbon (LPC) loaded Ti particles was successfully constructed for the broadband infrared absorption after the followed carbonization process. SEM and XPS confirmed the structure have dense voids and distinct layers, the carbonization degree of the LPC is at a high level and Ti particles evenly distributed on the skeleton. Raman spectra and laser confocal microscopy reveal that the increase of Ti particles slightly reduces the defect level of the carbonized film, while the accompanied surface roughness that is conducive for absorption has been raised. The model of LPC was established by FDTD simulation of Lumerical software, which shows the electric field intensity that both on the surface and in the middle of layers is enhanced, such feature is originated from the excellent radiation absorptivity of carbon and the multiple reflection between the layered structure, the existence of surface plasmon was also observed through the simulation. Examination for infrared absorbency displays that the average absorption of original LPC film is about 82.1% within the range of 2–20 μm, and the value can be boosted to 86.9% with introduction of Ti particles, but excessive addition will provide a negative impact on absorption.

Ad hoc Screen Translation in Soviet Estonian Film Clubs

In Soviet Estonian official cinemas, foreign films were always dubbed into Russian with Estonian subtitles. Founded at the end of the Thaw, film clubs and other semi-official screening locations became popular as part of the alternative scene and unauthorised discourse. They screened uncensored original Western European and Hollywood films and thus the works of forbidden film directors and cinema movements from the West were introduced to a limited audience of film enthusiasts. Compared to other Soviet Socialist Republics, Estonia was in a privileged geographical and linguistic position to be able to access the films of the West via Finland. Film clubs looked beyond the Iron Curtain and opened up a cultural dialogue between the West and Soviet Estonia. This article analyses the repertoire of foreign films and different translation modes, social relations and the agency of the interpreters, and it looks at their interpretative act from theoretical perspectives discussed by Juri Lotman and Naoki Sakai. Lay Summary: In the era of Soviet Estonia, where foreign films were typically re-edited and dubbed into Russian, film clubs emerged as underground screening locations that offered uncensored original Western European and Hollywood films. These clubs played a crucial role in introducing the works of forbidden film directors and cinematic movements from the West to a limited audience of film enthusiasts. Soviet Estonia stood out in three significant aspects: 1) it was the only SSR to subtitle all films in the official cinema into Estonian; 2) it had a vibrant film club culture in universities with diverse repertoires from Finland, and all films had a live translation into Estonian, 3) and it had access to Finnish television broadcasting Western movies that were otherwise not shown in the Soviet Union (Estonian and Finnish are closely related languages that share many semantic and grammatical structures). Compared to other Soviet Socialist Republics, Estonia had the advantage of its geographical and linguistic position, facilitating a socio-cultural dialogue with the West. The various translation methods employed, often conducted on an ad hoc basis, social dynamics, and the role of interpreters in the film clubs, played a transformative role in dismantling the barriers of the Iron Curtain. Interpreters, by navigating the boundaries between the original films and their translations, significantly influenced the understanding of Western cinema and culture in Soviet Estonia.

Immunoregulatory effects of local and systemic use of melatonin in experimental thermal trauma

High incidence of thermal trauma (TT), increased risk of infectious and non-infectious short- and long-term complications, and limited effectiveness of the therapeutic approaches are the main pre-requisites for searching and pathogenetic justification of new therapies. E.g., melatonin, an endogenous homeostatic regulator with pleiotropic properties, deserves special attention. The aim of the work was to study the effect of local application (as an original dermal film) and systemic usage of melatonin upon concentrations of circulating TNF and IL-4 in the course of experimental thermal trauma.
 The rates of wound epithelization were expressed as per cent values. The plasma concentrations of IL-4, TNF were determined with automatic enzyme immunoassay analyzer Personal LAB (Italy).
 In the series with TT, the rate of wound epithelization increased from the 5th to the 20th day of experiment. When using dermal films with MT in experimental TT on days +5, +10 and +20, an increase in the rate of wound epithelization was registered. Under the conditions of intraperitoneal MT injection in experimental TT, the rate of wound epithelization increased on days +10 and +20. A correlation analysis revealed stronger interrelations observed when applying dermal films with MT in thermal trauma, rather than in series with intraperitoneal usage of MT thus suggesting faster repair processes in the first case, along with diminished area of alterations and decreased amounts of cytokines in serum.
 In experimental TT, the concentrations of TNF and IL-4 increase in blood serum on days +5, +10 and +20. On days +10 and +20, moderate positive associations were recorded between the rate of wound epithelialization and the concentration of serum cytokines. Upon intraperitoneal use of MT in experimental TT, on days +5, +10 and +20, the rate of epithelization increases, along with decrease of TNF concentration on days +10 and +20. On days +5, +10 and +20, moderate negative associations were recorded between the rate of wound epithelization and the concentration of TNF. Under the conditions of using DP with MT with TT, the rate of wound epithelization increases on days 5, 10 and 20, the concentration of TNF decreases in serum, the concentration of IL-4 decreases on day +10. On days +5, +10 and +20, the negative correlations were recorded between the rate of wound epithelization and serum concentrations of TNF and IL-4. A comparative efficiency analysis of MT-containing dermal films versus intraperitoneal use of MT in experimental thermal trauma revealed a more accelerated epithelization of the wound along with earlier decrease in TNF, a greater number and strength of relationships between the rate of the wound epithelization and concentrations of cytokines in blood serum.

Hydrogen-Bonding Induced Crosslinked Polymer Network for Highly Stable Electrochromic Device and a Construction Strategy for Black-Bilayer Electrochromic Film.

This work presents a new strategy to achieve highly stable electrochromic devices and bilayer film construction. A novel solution-processable electrochromic polymer P1-Boc with quinacridone as the conjugated backbone and t-Boc as N-substituted non-conjugated solubilizing groups is designed. Thermal annealing of P1-Boc film results in the cleavage of t-Boc groups and the formation of N─H⋯O═C hydrogen-bonding crosslinked network, which changes its intrinsic solubility characteristics into a solvent-resistant P1 film. This film retains the electrochemical behavior and spectroelectrochemistry properties of the original P1-Boc film. Intriguingly, the electrochromic device based on the P1 film exhibits an ultrafast switching time (0.56/0.80 s at 523nm) and robust electrochromic stability (retaining 88.4% of the initial optical contrast after 100000 cycles). The observed cycle lifetime is one of the highest reported for all-organic electrochromic devices. In addition, a black-transparent bilayer electrochromic film P1/P2 is developed in which the use of the solvent-resistant P1 film as the bottom layer avoids interface erosion of the solution-processable polymer in a multilayer stacking.

Chinese audiovisual translation

AbstractThe increasing use of multilingualism in audiovisual products, especially feature films, has attracted attention from audiovisual translation (AVT) scholars; however, such research is missing in the Chinese AVT context. This paper strived to fill this niche by exploring the common methods of the rendition of a third language (L3) in Chinese dubbing, subtitling, and fansubbing. The corpus of the study comprised six English-speaking feature films alongside their fan and professional-created Chinese subtitles and dubs available online, and its contents was mainly selected based on two criteria: (i) the L3s used, for example, French, Indian, Swahili, Xhosa, and Russian, and (ii) the availability of fan and pro-produced Chinese subtitles and dubs. For dubbing, the analysis of the corpus revealed that the Chinese professional dubbing team marked the L3s in a few cases but applied translational patterns inconsistently. the comparison of the pro- and fansubs demonstrated that both did not mark the L3s in their translations and that professional subtitlers performed better than the fansubbers in the rendition of multilingualism in terms of graphic codes and the original films’ storytelling.

Pragmatic markers in English and Italian film dialogue

Abstract Pragmatic markers are recognised to be a fundamental aspect of spoken language, in particular conversation, as they allow the processing of information within a specific context by providing the addressee with cues on how to interpret utterances. As far as audiovisual dialogue is concerned, pragmatic markers are considered as a hallmark of naturalness and orality which is fundamental to ensure the audience’s immersion in the world represented on screen. Thanks to both distributional and translation-oriented analysis of corpus data, the paper aims to compare the use of pragmatic markers in anglophone, dubbed Italian and original Italian film dialogues as well as highlight the strategies employed in translating English pragmatic markers into dubbed Italian.

Preparation and performance study of ionic liquid @ boron nitride modified polyimide proton exchange membrane

AbstractProton exchange membrane (PEM) plays a relatively significant part in PEM fuel cells (PEMFCs). In this study, ionic liquid were grafted onto boron nitride (ILs@BN) were prepared by wet ball milling, and the polyimide (PI) composite films with different contents (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 wt%) of ILs@BN were fabricated by solution‐casting method. Results showed that compared with the original polyimide films, the performance of the obtained composite films has been significantly improved. Tensile strength of film containing 4 wt% ILs@BN was enormously enhanced by 93.62% (from 47 to 91.8 MPa), respectively, in contrast to pure PI film. Compared with pure PI film, film containing with 4 wt% ILs@BN was reduced from 71.2° to 63.2°, which indicated the better hydrophilicity of the film and potential proton transport channels. The composite film exhibited excellent proton conductivity, which was tremendously elevated by 58.35% (from 0.1215 S cm−1 for pure PI to 0.1924 S cm−1 for film containing with 4 wt% ILs@BN). Comprehensively, the film containing with 4 wt% ILs@BN presenting excellent mechanical properties (91.8 MPa), contact angle (63.2°) and proton conductivity (0.1924 S cm−1) demonstrating strong potential applications in fuel cells.

Valorisation of original nanostructured lead oxides thin films issued from an innovating electrochemical depollution process: Application to the total electro-mineralisation of glyphosate

Glyphosate is a very problematic pollutant in the world. This study presents a simple treatment to degrade it until total mineralisation with no production of AMPA (aminomethylphosphonic acid), its main by-product more toxic and persistent, by using original nanostructured lead oxides thin films. The synthesis conditions of these materials were determined previously in relation to an innovating electrochemical depollution process of water polluted by soluble lead. Different parameters were evaluated such as pH, initial concentration, lead oxide type and consequently its particular morphology. The solutions were systematically analysed by ion chromatography to determine the concentrations of organic pollutants and ionic species produced, and by UV–visible spectroscopy to quantify released lead during process. The thin films were characterized by XRD, SEM and EDS, before and after interaction. The Pb-04 sample type (pure β-PbO2 with cubic needles nanostructures) seems particularly efficient to obtain a total mineralisation with a mineralisation capacity equal to (1127 ± 56) mg of glyphosate/g of material. Moreover, lead was not released in solution due to a total regeneration with the similar crystalline structure. These results are very promising for potential valorisation of heavy metals wastes for future applications at room temperature and very low electrical inputs.

Microplastic formation and simultaneous release of phthalic acid esters from residual mulch film in soil through mechanical abrasion

The application of plastic mulch film could effectively enhance the productivity of facility agriculture. However, releasing microplastic and phthalate from mulch films in soil has attracted increasing concerns, and releasing characters of microplastic and phthalate from mulch films during their mechanical abrasion remains unclear. This study elucidated the dynamics and impact factors of microplastic generation, including the thickness, polymer types and ageing of mulch film during mechanical abrasion. Releasing characters of the di(2-Ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), a common type of phthalate in soil, from mulch film during mechanical abrasion were also explored. Results showed that 2 pieces of mulch film debris increased to 1291 pieces of microplastic after five days of mechanical abrasion, with exponential growth in the microplastic generation. After mechanical abrasion, the thinnest (0.008 mm) mulch film completely transformed into microplastics. However, the thicker mulch (>0.01 mm) suffered slight disintegration, making it feasible to be recycled. The biodegradable mulch film discharged the most microplastics (906 pieces) compared with the HDPE (359 pieces) and LDPE (703 pieces) mulch film after three days of mechanical abrasion. In addition, the mild thermal and oxidative ageing could result in 3047 and 4532 pieces of microplastic emissions from mulch film after three days of mechanical abrasion, which were ten times more than the original mulch film (359 pieces). Furthermore, negligible DEHP was released from mulch film without mechanical abrasion, while the released DEHP significantly correlated with generated microplastics during mechanical abrasion. These results demonstrated the crucial role of mulch film disintegration in phthalate emissions.

Analisis Semiotika Pada Film Parasite Dalam Makna Denotasi Konotasi Dan Pesan Moral

Semiotic Analysis on Parasite Film is the title in this study. Parasite is a film that tells about the social inequality that occurs between the lives of two families (the Park and Kim families) who have very different economies. The Park family is a very wealthy family living in large and elite housing while the Kim family is a family whose family members are unemployed poor and live in a small semibasement house at the end of the road. The conditions experienced by the Kim Family made them try to get out of their poor life by tricking the Park Family. The storyline of this film finally made the writer interested in researching this film with the aim of analyzing the semiotic meaning of denotation and connotation as well as taking moral messages that can be taken from this film where the Parasite film has a storyline that describes human life today. This study uses Roland Barthes' Semiotic Theory. The unit of analysis in this research is the film parasite, where the author takes 10 scenes that the writer will examine. The data collection technique that the writer uses is by watching the original film that is neither cut nor censored from start to finish, observing the scenes the author studies, conducting direct interviews with informants and observing the film. This study uses a descriptive research methodology with a qualitative approach. The author also tests the validity of the data by testing the credibility or trust in the data by triangulating data sources and checking the data by conducting interviews with informants directly and asking questions related to films that help research.