Original Event Research Articles

Cosmogenic gamma-ray and neutrino fluxes from blazars associated with IceCube events

Context.Blazars constitute the vast majority of extragalacticγ-ray sources. They can also contribute a sizable fraction of the diffuse astrophysical neutrinos detected by IceCube. In the past few years, the real-time alert system of IceCube has led to the multiwavelength follow-up of very high-energy neutrino events of plausible astrophysical origin. Spatial and temporal coincidences of a number of these neutrino events withγ-ray blazars provide a unique opportunity to decipher cosmic-ray interactions in the relativistic jets.Aims.The aim of this work is to test if theγ-ray blazars associated with the IceCube neutrino events are also sources of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs;E > 1018eV).Methods.Assuming that blazars accelerate UHECRs, we calculate the “guaranteed” contribution to the line-of-sight cosmogenicγ-ray and neutrino fluxes from four blazars associated with IceCube neutrino events. We compare these fluxes with the sensitivities of the upcomingγ-ray imaging telescopes, such as the CTA, and with the planned neutrino detectors, such as IceCube-Gen2.Results.We find that detection of the cosmogenic neutrino fluxes from the blazars TXS 0506+056, PKS 1502+106, and GB6 J1040+0617 would require UHECR luminosity ≳10 times the inferred neutrino luminosity from the associated IceCube events, with the maximum UHECR proton energyEp, max ≈ 1020eV. Cosmogenicγ-ray emission from blazars TXS 0506+056, 3HSP J095507.9 +355101, and GB6 J1040+0617 can be detected by the CTA if the UHECR luminosity is ≳10 times the neutrino luminosity inferred from the associated IceCube events and forEp, max ≳ 1019eV.Conclusions.Detection of cosmogenic neutrino and/orγ-ray flux(es) from blazars associated with IceCube neutrinos may lead to the first direct signature(s) of UHECR sources. Given their relatively low redshifts and hence total energetics, TXS 0506+056 and 3HSP J095507.9+355101 should be the prime targets for upcoming large neutrino andγ-ray telescopes.

Starquakes in millisecond pulsars and gravitational waves emission

ABSTRACT So far, only transient gravitational waves (GWs) produced by catastrophic events of extra-galactic origin have been detected. However, it is generally believed that there should be also continuous sources of GWs within our Galaxy, such as accreting neutron stars (NSs), that could in principle be detected in the next near future. In fact, in these objects, centrifugal forces can be so strong to break the NS crust (causing a starquake), thus producing a quadrupole moment responsible for the continuous emission of GWs. At equilibrium, the angular momentum gained by accretion and the one lost via GWs emission should balance each other, stopping the stellar spin-up. We hereinafter investigate the above physical picture within the framework of a Newtonian model describing compressible, non-magnetized, and self-gravitating NSs. In particular, we calculate the rotational frequency need to break the stellar crust of an accreting pulsar and we estimate the upper limit for the ellipticity due to this event. We find that the maximum starquake-induced ellipticity ranges from 10−9 to 10−5, depending on the stellar mass and its equation of state. The corresponding equilibrium frequency that we calculate is in good agreement with observations and, for all the scenarios, it is below the higher NS frequency observed of 716.36 Hz. Finally, we also discuss possible observational constraints on the ellipticity upper limit of accreting pulsars.

Treatment with Pulsed Extremely Low Frequency Electromagnetic Field (PELF-EMF) Exhibit Anti-Inflammatory and Neuroprotective Effect in Compression Spinal Cord Injury Model.

Background: Spinal cord injury (SCI) pathology includes both primary and secondary events. The primary injury includes the original traumatic event, and the secondary injury, beginning immediately after the initial injury, involves progressive neuroinflammation, neuronal excitotoxicity, gliosis, and degeneration. Currently, there is no effective neuroprotective treatment for SCI. However, an accumulating body of data suggests that PELF-EMF has beneficial therapeutic effects on neurotrauma. The purpose of this study was to test the efficacy of the PELF-EMF SEQEX device using a compression SCI mouse model. Methods: C57BL/6 mice were exposed to PELF-EMF for 4 h on a daily basis for two months, beginning 2 h after a mild-moderate compression SCI. Results: The PELF-EMF treatment significantly diminished inflammatory cell infiltration and astrocyte activation by reducing Iba1, F4/80, CD68+ cells, and GAFP at the lesion borders, and increased pro-survival signaling, such as BDNF, on the neuronal cells. Moreover, the treatment exhibited a neuroprotective effect by reducing the demyelination of the axons of the white matter at the lesion’s center. Conclusions: Treatment with SEQEX demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. Considering our results, this safe and effective rehabilitative device, already available on the market, may provide a major therapeutic asset in the treatment of SCI.

Reenactments during tellings: Using gaze for initiating reenactments, switching roles and representing events

In this paper, we draw on German dyadic face-to-face conversations among friends in order to examine the interactional functions of gaze in reenactments, i.e. “re-presentations or depictions” (Sidnell, 2006: 377) of previously experienced or imagined events. Firstly, we show that reenactors use several different gaze patterns depending on whether the depicted original event is dialogic or non-dialogic. Secondly, we compare the use of different resources for initiating reenactments and switching roles during reenactments with regard to the interactional function of the different alternatives. Specifically, we describe a multimodal practice for switching characters during reenactments that are designed to invite laughter. In sum, the findings add to our knowledge about the various communicative functions of gaze in social interaction.

“All of Belarus has come out onto the streets”: exploring nationwide protest and the role of pre-existing social networks

ABSTRACT During moments of nationwide mass mobilization, what distinguishes the towns and cities that rise in the first week from those that do not see protest? Taking the case of nationwide protests in Belarus in August 2020, this study employs an original protest event catalogue to investigate what drives mobilization in early-rising localities. I test hypotheses in the protest literature relating to whether pre-existing social networks, or pre-election campaign rallies, influence subsequent protest mobilization. The innovative use of Telegram data demonstrates the platform’s value for social scientists studying protest. My results suggest that pre-existing social networks help drive mobilization in localities by facilitating communication, coordination, and engagement prior to protest onset, priming people to be ready when the moment of protest arrives. This article also highlights the impressive scale of nationwide mobilization in Belarus in 2020, and demonstrates that local networks were engaging in widespread opposition activity even before mass mobilization.

Режимы визуализации урбанистического искусства: стрит-арт vs паблик-арт

Urban art and related terms - public art and street art - are considered in the context of the fundamental importance of the physical, architectural and urban environment in which the artist's work is located. The purpose of the article is to identify the specifics of the modes of visualization of urban art as features of communication between the original event (object, phenomenon), the creator / visualizer of the image and the recipient of the visual image. The use of a set of art history methods allowed us to investigate the patterns of the emergence of art objects in the urban environment, taking into account the conditions of their visualization, to which the author refers the degree of freedom of content; the degree of conditionality of the work by the context of the urban environment; the potential duration of the existence of an art object in public space; its monologue / dialogicity; the degree of emotional impact. The conclusion is made about the asymmetry of visualization of two art practices - street and public art, and the reasons for this asymmetry are considered. It is noted that public art provides better conditions for the placement of the artist's work and a longer duration of the “ life” of the art object, it is more noticeable, more attractive to casual observers whose understanding of the context is superficial. The disadvantages of the visualization mode of public art include restrictions on creative freedom, weak attachment to the context and possibilities of the game with unique characteristics of the working environment and surfaces, the smoothness of the adjusted monologue, the predictability of reactions, which reduces the emotional response of the prepared viewer. Due to these limitations, the visualization mode of street art, as a more sincere, honest and relevant art, has a greater degree of “street trust”. The problem that arises at the level of theory is noted: being, like any manifestation of pop culture, more visible and ubiquitous, public art replaces the concept of “street art”, creating terminological confusion. In practice, public art festivals are called street art festivals, and all Russian legislative initiatives to support street art actually lead to the legitimization of monumental advertising and propaganda while simultaneously displacing unauthorized street work.

Summarizing Event Sequence Database into Compact Big Sequence

Detecting the core structure of a database is one of the most objective of data mining. Many methods do so, in pattern set mining, by mining a small set of patterns that together summarize the dataset in efficient way. The better of these patterns, the more effective summarization of the database. Most of these methods are based on the Minimum Description Length principle. Here, we focus on the event sequence database. In this paper, rather than mining a small set of significant patterns, we propose a novel method to summarize the event sequence dataset by constructing compact big sequence namely, BigSeq. BigSeq conserves all characteristics of the original event sequences. It is constructed in efficient way via the longest common subsequence and the novel definition of the compatible event set. The experimental results show that BigSeq method outperforms the state-of-the-art methods such as Gokrimp with respect to compression ratio, total response time, and number of detected patterns.

The Slippery Slope Argument in the Context of Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide

This article analyzes the slippery slope argument and its application to the problem of legalizing euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide. The argument is often referred to in discussions of abortion, in vitro fertilization, etc., but it has been little developed in the Russian-language literature. This explains the relevance and novelty of this article. The focus is on the ways of representation of the argument in research. It distinguishes its main types: logical (disintegrating into no-principle distinction argument and the soritical argument), empirical (or psychological argument), and non-logical (metaphorical). Each of these types of argument is constructed according to a certain principle and has a number of features and critiques. A common place for criticism of an argument is its focus on the future so that it makes reasoning probabilistic. The logical type of argument is centered around denoting the transition between the original event and its adverse consequences and denotes the action of social factors to accelerate the transition. The no-principal distinction argument implies that there is no moral distinction between the events at the beginning and the end of the slope. The soritical argument involves intermediate steps between questionable and unacceptable practices. The conceptual slope is another variant of the logical kind of argument. The empirical argument illustrates a situation of changing societal values which results in an easier acceptance of morally disapproved practices. The metaphorical argument is used to illustrate the metaphor of slope and the situation of the accumulation of small problems that lead to serious undesirable results. The non-logical kind of argument centers around the routinization of practice, desensitization, and exploitation of unprotected groups in society. Exploitation can be called the victims' slope. It grounds its consideration on the abuse of the practice being administered. Application of the ethical methodology (theoretical-logical and empirical-historical) to the types of arguments and ways of their application allows us to highlight the value component of the argument, to determine its dilemma nature and to correlate it with bioethical principles. The application of bioethical principles to suppress the transition to undesirable consequences is critiqued on the basis of particularly difficult cases in which one is unable to articulate one's decision. The criticism of the argument is built on the probabilistic nature of the reasoning, the lack of reflection on the underlying premise and the lack of empirical evidence. It concludes that the slippery slope argument is incapable of being the only valid justification for rejecting the practices of physician-assisted suicide and euthanasia.

Muscarinic (M1 ) cholinergic receptor activation within the dorsal hippocampus promotes destabilization of strongly encoded object location memories.

Following the initial consolidation process, memories can become reactivated by exposure to a reminder of the original learning event. This can lead to the memory becoming destabilized and vulnerable to disruption or other forms of modification. The memory must then undergo the protein-synthesis dependent process of reconsolidation in order to be retained. However, older and/or stronger memories resist destabilization, but can become labile when reactivated in the presence of salient novelty. We have implicated the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, acting at M1 muscarinic cholinergic receptors (mAChRs) within perirhinal cortex (PRh), in novelty-induced destabilization of remote object memories. It remains unclear, however, whether mAChRs are involved in destabilization of other forms of memory. We hypothesized that the role of M1 mAChRs previously demonstrated for PRh-dependent object memory would extend to hippocampus-dependent spatial memory. Using the object location (OL) task, which relies on the dorsal hippocampus (dHPC), we showed that (a) reactivation-dependent reconsolidation of OL memories requires protein synthesis within the dHPC; (b) destabilization of relatively weak OL memories depends on M1 mAChR activation within the dHPC; (c) salient novelty during reactivation promotes destabilization of resistant strongly encoded OL memories; (d) novelty-induced destabilization of strong OL memories requires activation of mAChRs within the dHPC; and (e) M1 mAChR activation within the dHPC in the absence of novelty during memory reactivation mimics the effect of novelty, destabilizing strongly encoded OL memories. These results implicate ACh acting at M1 mAChRs in the destabilization of dHPC-dependent spatial memories, demonstrating generalizability of this cholinergic function beyond memory for object identity. These findings therefore enhance our understanding of the dynamics of long-term memory storage and suggest implications for the treatment of human conditions such as Alzheimer's disease and aging, which are characterized by behavioral and mnemonic inflexibility.

Rethinking International News Translations: Toward a Foreignizing Approach to News Events Translations

The present paper investigates the ideological manipulation that creeps in translated news headlines and falsifies the produced translated version since such process involves both the imposition of dominant ideologies and the negative portrayals of the other in mediated news. Thus, international news translation basically exploits and manipulates the original news events in such a way that misrepresents the image of otherness and creates a positive representation of patrons. In this vein, this paper brings to the fore the influence of extra-textual factors on the translation of headlines. Many strategies and translation techniques are utilized and translators do intervene to align produced headlines with the two networks’ ideological affiliations and editorial policies. The present paper adopts descriptive approach where I attempted to compare translated news headlines and pinpoint the alterations and transformations undertaken over them, also it aims to call for rethinking strategies undertaken while translating global news in a cosmopolitan context where openness to the other and appreciation of difference are conducive to an effective cross cultural and linguistic interactions. Accordingly, it proposes foreignizing approach to global news translation because it retains the image of otherness which is essential in the original event.

Geodynamic events leading to formation of passive western continental margin of India

The geodynamic events of continental breakup and origin of northwest Indian Ocean led to the development of passive continental margin, off western India. However, causal mechanisms and relative chronology of these geodynamic events are not clearly known because of complex regional-scale ridges-basin physiography, multi-stage rifting in a short-time span and thick sediment cover. The Laxmi and adjacent Gop basins constitute key tectonic elements and geophysical investigations on them have come up with sharply divergent explanations of continental rifting and ocean spreading. We present geochemical results of the Laxmi Basin (LB) basement, recovered by the International Ocean Discovery Program Expedition-355 and interpreted in light of existing geophysical results. The basement is identified as continental rift basalt, different from the Deccan/Madagascan basalts. We suggest the basement eruption at ~75 Ma causing igneous underplating which triggered the extension/rifting in Laxmi and Gop basins. The rifting translated into ocean spreading only in the Gop Basin and not in the Laxmi Basin. The geodynamic events echoed soon with similar relative chronology in western India with Reunion plume impact and the Deccan eruption followed by second extension/rifting that culminated in India-Seychelles breakup.

Black Hole Mergers of AGN Origin in LIGO–Virgo’s O1–O3a Observing Periods

Abstract The origin of the black hole mergers detected by LIGO–Virgo remains an open question. While the unusual mass and spin of a few events constrain their possible astrophysical formation mechanisms, it is difficult to classify the bulk of the observed mergers. Here we consider the distribution of masses and spins in LIGO–Virgo’s first two observing catalogs. We show that, for black holes in the mass gap, our fiducial active galactic nucleus (AGN) model is preferred over a parametric mass–spin model fit to the full GWTC-2 merger sample (Bayes factor  > 10 ). This preference, nevertheless, depends on uncertain AGN model parameters. We further show that a 20% fractional contribution of the detected events of an AGN-disk origin reproduces well the observed black hole mass distribution in the pair-instability mass gap, while only marginally contributing to the lower-mass detected population. The overall AGN contribution corresponds to a black hole merger rate of about 2.5 Gpc−3 yr−1, comparable to theoretical expectations.

Editorial Note

The 32nd Symposium of Malaysian Chemical Engineers (SOMChE2021) was the first of its kind to be held virtually on 15th and 16th July 2021, which was delayed due to the pandemic from its original event date in March 2020 to July 2021. SOMChE2021 was jointly organised by Swinburne University of Technology Sarawak Campus and the Institution of Chemical Engineers (IChemE) Malaysia. Presently, industrial chemical processes rely heavily on unsustainable fossil-fuel based resources. The theme “Navigating the Frontier of Sustainability” serves to address the ongoing global sustainability issues and present viable long-term solutions. SOMChE2021 has provided a platform for a wide community of young researchers, scholars, engineers, and practitioners to present their latest research findings and innovation in chemical engineering (and related disciplines) and to develop long-term research collaborations. A total of 75 delegates from Malaysia, Philippines, Taiwan, Indonesia, Brunei, Australia, and Japan have attended and presented their research findings at SOMChE2021, encompassing a diverse range of topics including green and sustainable processing, environmental and waste management, bioprocessing and biotechnology, materials science and engineering, and energy in terms of energy conversion and management, and renewable and alternative energy. These proceedings serve as a compilation of publications that showcase the progress in engineering and science to bridge the gap between research and industry in solving sustainability concerns, of which all accepted papers have undergone stringent screening and review processes. Overall, the success of SOMChE2021 was made possible through the collective contribution of the Organising Committee, International Scientific Committee, and Sponsors. Editors Assoc. Prof. Jaka Sunarso, Ir. Dr. Ngu Lock Hei, Dr. Chew Jiuan Jing, Dr. How Bing Shen, Dr. Elaine Yeu Yee Lee, Dr. Mahmoud Ahmed Mussad Elhadi, Dr. Siti Salwa Hashim, Dr. MD. Bazlul Mobin Siddique, Ms. Lai Jia Chi, Dr. Claudia Li Chia Chirng, Ms. Megan Soh Zheyin, Ms. Lai Jia Yen, Ms. Liza Melia Anak Terry, Ms. Shirleen Lo Lee Yuen, Ms. Karen Kong Gah Hie, Ms. Adeline Lim Kher Li, Mr. Luke Ngu Wei Wei, Mr. Slyvester Chai Yew Wang, Mr. Frederick Phang Jit Fook, Mr. Jonathan Cheng Lin Yang, Mr. Wong Jung Lin, Mr. Yeo Lip Siang.Swinburne University of Technology Sarawak Campus.List of titles Organising Committee, International Scientific Committee, Sponsors are available in this pdf.

Social-demographic correlates of mindset in China

Mindset, growth or fixed, refers to two different beliefs people hold about the underlying nature of ability, and was first put forward by the psychologist Carol Dweck. The central role of mindset in motivation, self-regulation and interpersonal processes has been the subject of growing research interest, but there are few discussions of mindset in the context of China. Using the China Family Panel Studies, this study aims to offer a comprehensive understanding of social-demographic correlates of mindset in China. Following the psychological literature, we construct a binary status of mindset via exploratory factor analysis. We find that place of origin (rural or urban), educational level, employment status and life-course events are correlated to mindset. It is also determined that mindset acts as a fundamental psychological factor strongly associated with multiple outcomes, including educational attainment, cognitive skills, attitudes and subject well-being.

Analysis of strongly intensive quantities for event-by-event transverse momentum and multiplicity fluctuations using the AMPT model

Strongly intensive quantities Σ[P T , N] and Δ[P T , N] have become one of the important tools in study of phase transitions and critical points in high energy heavy-ion collisions. In this paper the properties of Σ[P T , N] and Δ[P T , N] are discussed within different colliding nuclei systems generated by the AMPT model. The combined event method are proposed to simulate the model of independent sources in which Σ[P T , N] and Δ[P T , N] are independent of the number of original events. The effects of transverse momentum, pseudorapidity and parton cascade are also discussed.

Transgressive protest after a democratic transition: The Kamour Campaign in Tunisia

ABSTRACT A democratic transition is likely to bring significant changes to the character of contentious politics. Scholars argue protest is likely to become normalized and more frequent because of new opportunities, but less radical because it is channelled by political actors into a more responsive political system. However, less attention has been paid to explaining those protest episodes, which remain transgressive. This article uses an original event catalogue and informant interviews to examine the microlevel interactions within one such episode, the Kamour protest in Tunisia in 2017, in which hundreds of young unemployed protesters staged a four-month long sit-in and shut off an oil pipeline to demand jobs and increased state spending in their region. Findings show that in conditions of low political trust, protesters relied on three mechanisms: they escalated but self-limited their actions; organized autonomously but used fraternization to seek the protection of the military; and resisted institutionalization as a political party even as they transformed their claims to appeal to the ‘absent state’ to demand deeper democratic reforms. Evidence from Tunisia contributes to explaining how political mistrust shapes transgressive protests after a democratic transition.

Persistent Pain Following Proplast-Teflon Implants of the Temporomandibular Joint: A Case Report and 35-Year Management Perspective.

Over three decades ago, hundreds of predominantly young women with temporomandibular joint pain and other symptoms were implanted with a prosthetic device composed of Proplast-Teflon that subsequently caused considerable harm, with patients developing chronic pain, dysfunction, and disability. This perspective review presents such a patient who suffered for decades with severe pain despite extensive pharmacotherapy, injection therapy, multiple surgeries, and behavioral health interventions. The details of the origin and subsequent events regarding the use of Proplast-Teflon interpositional implants in the temporomandibular joint are described with resources from several different perspectives. The lessons learned demonstrate failures at the federal, professional, and individual level.

Exploring user requirements of network forensic tools

Network forensic tools enable security professionals to monitor network performance and compromises. These tools are used to monitor internal and external network attacks. Technological improvements have enabled criminals to wipe out tracks of cybercrime to elude alterations. Network forensics procedures use processes to expedite investigation by tracking each original packet and event that is generated in the network. There are many network forensic tools, both open source and commercial versions available in the market. In this work, the result of a survey participated by different experts in open source network forensic tools have been presented. The advantages, challenges, and necessities have been identified for network forensic investigation of such tools. A few open source network forensic tools have been studied and performed a comparative analysis based on six key parameters. Further, two malware datasets are analyzed using open source tools to perform investigation and present a comprehensive network forensic analysis comprising IO graphs, Flow graphs, TCP stream, UDP multicast stream, mac-based analysis, and operating system analysis.

Toward More Resilient Urban Stormwater Management Systems—Bridging the Gap From Theory to Implementation

Many publications include references to reliability, risk and resilience, specifically within the context of climate change and rapid urbanization. However, there is a considerable gap between theory and actual implementation by drainage professionals. As such, most drainage professionals will not have an appreciation of a drainage system's response to events in excess of its original design event. This gap is compounded by the desire toward evaluating components such as “critical infrastructure” for events significantly more severe than ever contemplated. This paper, reflecting the combined wisdom and thoughts of various drainage professionals across Canada involved with the creation of the Canadian drainage standards (CSA W204 and W210), provides a treatise of risk and resilience based on the application of the dual drainage principle. It provides a discussion of key factors including climate change; densification; shape, intensity, duration and spatial extent of storm events, as a function of the normalized capacity or drain down/emptying time of the various components of the drainage system. Commentaries are offered, highlighting the role of appropriate setbacks and freeboard, and focusing on those aspects that have historically been ignored. Avenues to increase system resilience are presented including an evolution in passive and active flow controls, the potential beneficial role of natural systems and low impact development practices as a function of system sensitivity, discussing how options may vary across Canada.

Chloroplast genome features of Moricandia arvensis (Brassicaceae), a C3-C4 intermediate photosynthetic species.

Moricandia arvensis, a plant species originating from the Mediterranean, has been classified as a rare C3-C4 intermediate species, and it is a possible bridge during the evolutionary process from C3 to C4 plant photosynthesis in the family Brassicaceae. Understanding the genomic structure, gene order, and gene content of chloroplasts (cp) of such species can provide a glimpse into the evolution of photosynthesis. In the present study, we obtained a well-annotated cp genome of M. arvensis using long PacBio and short Illumina reads with a de novo assembly strategy. The M. arvensis cp genome was a quadripartite circular molecule with the length of 153,312 bp, including two inverted repeats (IR) regions of 26,196 bp, divided by a small single copy (SSC) region of 17,786 bp and a large single copy (LSC) region of 83,134 bp. We detected 112 unigenes in this genome, comprising 79 protein-coding genes, 29 tRNAs, and four rRNAs. Forty-nine long repeat sequences and 51 simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci of 15 repeat types were identified. The analysis of Ks (synonymous) and Ka (non-synonymous) substitution rates indicated that the genes associated with “subunits of ATP synthase” (atpB), “subunits of NADH-dehydrogenase” (ndhG and ndhE), and “self-replication” (rps12 and rpl16) showed relatively higher Ka/Ks values than those of the other genes. The gene content, gene order, and LSC/IR/SSC boundaries and adjacent genes of the M. arvensis cp genome were highly conserved compared to those in related C3 species. Our phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that M. arvensis was clustered into a subclade with cultivated Brassica species and Raphanus sativus, indicating that M. arvensis was not involved in an independent evolutionary origin event. These results will open the way for further studies on the evolutionary process from C3 to C4 photosynthesis and hopefully provide guidance for utilizing M. arvensis as a resource for improvinng photosynthesis efficiency in cultivated Brassica species.