Original Context Research Articles

Expressing Ideas: AI-Integrated Paraphrasing to Students’ Writing Skills

<p style="text-align:justify">The main thrust of the study was to explore the third-year English student’s sentiments on the application of the artificial intelligence (AI)-integrated paraphrasing tools. Specifically, it aimed to investigate the benefits and drawbacks brought by AI paraphrasing tools towards the writing skills of the students. The investigation utilized a semi-structured interviews with an open-ended questionnaire using an audio-video recorder. The data gathered were interpreted using the Thematic Analysis of Braun and Clarke. The study was carried out at one of the campuses of a state university located at Candijay, Bohol, Philippines. Using the Purposive sampling technique, twelve (12) respondents provided information on the research endeavor. The findings revealed that students had a positive opinion of AI-integrated paraphrase tools: they saw them as helpful resources that significantly improve their academic writing process; it includes plagiarism reduction, efficiency, and timesaving, and aids in rephrasing text. The findings also revealed the risks and issues of using AI-integrated paraphrasing tools, such as Prone to plagiarism, automated suggestions dependency, and loss of original meaning and context. With that, the students showed how they deal with those risks and issues, including as responsible users and thorough editing and reviewing. In accordance with the study, students are encouraged not to rely excessively on AI-integrated paraphrase tools, even though they can improve their writing abilities. This research emphasizes that students play a pivotal role in ensuring the appropriateness of texts generated by AI-integrated paraphrasing tools by mastering the art of proper paraphrasing.</p>

Homomorphisms from Functional Equations: The Goldie Equation, II

AbstractThis first of three sequels to Homomorphisms from Functional equations: The Goldie equation (Ostaszewski in Aequationes Math 90:427–448, 2016) by the second author—the second of the resulting quartet—starts from the Goldie functional equation arising in the general regular variation of our joint paper (Bingham et al. in J Math Anal Appl 483:123610, 2020). We extend the work there in two directions. First, we algebraicize the theory, by systematic use of certain groups—the Popa groups arising in earlier work by Popa, and their relatives the Javor groups . Secondly, we extend from the original context on the real line to multi-dimensional (or infinite-dimensional) settings.

Phraseological Quotations: Two Shavian Case Studies

Abstract Phraseological Units (PUs) in a language often include quotations and the so-called authorial “winged words” (“geflügelte Worte” in Gläser 1986), which have a single known author. These units, by gaining popularity among the members of a community of speakers, take on a life of their own as PUs. This study illustrates how these quotations acquire meanings and uses that do not match those of the original formulation they derive from, which, in turn, sheds light on how linguistic expressions at large reach conventionalization through language change. Bernard Shaw (1856–1950) ranks high among the authors who have contributed most to the English Phrasicon. This study investigates two case studies where quotations by Shaw have made their way into the English language as PUs. These quotations, however, are often used, as we shall see, in a way that differs from the sense they had in their original context. This study analyses how some novel PUs are coined and can help us map the processes of semantic adaptation these PUs undergo as they become conventional. It also provides insights into what constitutes a PU and how their defining characteristics apply in these cases.

Das also war des Pudels Kern oder: „Geflügelte Worte“ als Phrasemklasse? – Problemfelder und begriffliche Präzisierung

Abstract As a class belonging to phraseology, winged words are characterized above all by the fact they are also used in other contexts as quotations, especially from literary texts (e.g., Grau, teurer Freund, ist alle Theorie from Goethes Faust I), thus acquiring a life of their own. However, they can be referred to the original sources in the consciousness of the language user. Forms of expression from areas other than literary areas, such as movies and television, advertising, etc., are increasingly gaining a comparable status in public language use. The imprinting of these expressions often stems from the fact that winged words are not only or no longer used as quotations but also used as a means of commenting on facts, evaluating them, etc., and at the same time calling up knowledge scenarios that refer to the original context of use as backgrounds for understanding. Over time, new patterns of expression may be established by modifying parts of the original formulation so that – expressed in construction grammar – new situationally adaptable form-meaning pairs can emerge. Based on this “phraseologization mechanism”, problematic aspects of phraseology theory are identified and discussed using the example of Das also war des Pudels Kern. Finally, suggestions are made for the conceptual sharpening of the category “winged words”.

Renewal of threat expectancy in an online contextual avoidance paradigm

Extinction of fear and avoidance is not permanent and can return following contextual changes (termed renewal). The aim of the current study was to investigate the renewal of avoidance, threat expectancy, and fear ratings in an online avoidance task administered during the COVID-19 pandemic. One-hundred and two participants completed a task consisting of habituation, threat conditioning, avoidance conditioning, extinction with response prevention, and renewal. Tests for renewal occurred either in the original conditioning context (ABA, n = 52) or the extinction context (ABB, n = 50). Images of a quiet and a busy street served as relevant contexts. Renewal was evident whereby the ABA group showed a significant increase in threat expectancy when tested in the conditioning context, which had not been extinguished. This effect was not found for avoidance or fear ratings, nor for the ABB group who underwent the renewal test in the extinction context. The current study demonstrated differential renewal of threat expectancy in an online contextual avoidance paradigm.

Overcoming the problems of translating vedic literature in indonesian language through sri aurobindo's vedic interpretation method

Background: The Vedas are the earliest texts known to humanity. Given their status as an ancient text, as well as the loss of Vedic knowledge over the centuries, it is unsurprising that understanding them presents a significant challenge to modern readers, particularly in terms of their use of archaic language, symbols, and parables. As a result, there is a significant discrepancy between the interpretation of the Vedas by the Vedic people and by modern scholars. Meanwhile, in the modern era, Western scholars engage in research and translation of the Vedas without fully grasping their significance as perceived by the Rishis. This presents a challenge in attempting to comprehend the Vedic texts. Accordingly, the objective of any translation of sacred literature must be to bridge this interpretive gap and to retain the significance of the original words. Methods: In Hinduism, as some of the archaic words, some of which only appear once and constitute around 25% of the Vedas, disappeared from common usage, the method of translation and interpretation of these words was first developed by Yāska, and added on to by Sāyaṇa. It is therefore crucial to gain an understanding of, and to develop the skills of, these three individuals. Focusing on more recent times, Sri Aurobindo (who died in 1950) provided more practical and accessible guidance for the present era. His method of Vedic interpretation is a synthesis of linguistic proficiency as delineated in Nirukta, an appreciation for symbolism, and an understanding of psychological principles, thereby ensuring that the words of the Vedas retain their capacity to resonate with individuals on a personal level. Findings: This entails a comprehensive examination that encompasses a profound grasp of the symbolism, philosophy, and spiritual intent enshrined in the Vedas. Sri Aurobindo's approach integrates symbolic interpretation with a broad cosmic vision, thereby enabling the translator to capture the spiritual core of the sacred text while remaining faithful to its original context. Conclusion: Furthermore, this method considers the relevance and applicability of Vedic teachings in contemporary Indonesian culture.

Indeterminacy and the Role of the Archive: The Eight Extensions of Piaget’s Sociological Studies

What a text means in translation is accepted, canonically, to be indeterminate. Authors can provide additional constraints to interpretation by taking care to explain some of the original context. But this requires making judgments about what counts, and readers can’t generally do that of sources except in retrospect. So the solution to the problem is taken to be “to become bilingual,” and basically do the translation work oneself. This means immersing in that foreign culture for long enough that its ways of being, and ways of meaning, become one’s own. When the subject of one’s interest is the undiscovered country, however, this goal remains forever inaccessible. That’s just not somewhere you can go and report back from. The true meanings of deceased authors are therefore forever inscrutable. Except, of course, in cases where historical traces can stand in their stead. Interactions with archival sources are thus offered as a new solution to the problems of indeterminacy and inscrutability: archives provide anchors to stabilize the received meaning of historical texts by offering evidence of what those involved in their production intended them to mean. Here, that is demonstrated with reference to (1) the difficulty of translating Jean Piaget’s (1896–1980) collection of essays entitled Sociological Studies and (2) the broader misunderstanding of Piaget’s sociality in relation to the popularity of its critique by Lev Vygotsky (1896–1934). We then find, in the process, new ways to consider a consistently thorny question: what is the means by which one attains truth? Here, we therefore articulate and illustrate the “Interpretation Game” by providing access to a curated selection of archival texts drawn from several collections never before considered in relation to the question of the meaning of “Piaget” as a holophrastic utterance. The result is then also a new look at Cold War-era developmental psychology, social psychology, educational theory, and genetic epistemology (the study of the construction of knowledge).

Informed consent in the age of smart technologies

Technology is increasingly being brought into the home care of older people. Digitalization is seen as an enabler for efficient and resource-saving operations. In the use of technology, informed consent is considered an ethical practice and part of a responsible home care service system. The aim of this article is to describe the problem of informed consent in situations where emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence (AI) and mass data, are used as part of welfare services and home care for older people. The article discusses principles and ways to better integrate informed consent as an ethical practice into a responsible home care service system. A qualitative study was carried out to gather the views of experts in the field of elderly care and ethics. A content analysis of a semi-structured focus group was used to explore perceptions of the changing nature of informed consent. According to our findings, the informed consent model requires updating. The key is to embrace the idea that consent is a living process designed to respect people's autonomous choices and protect them from risk. If the nature of the use of the data collected from individuals changes significantly in the future, the consent should also be updated to reflect this change. This aspect is important because new technologies will change the nature of the collection and use of the data. Mass data collection combines multiple databases so that the resulting data can be used even far from the original purpose or context in which it was collected. Therefore, consent should always be tailored to the context, allowing sufficient time for the person seeking and giving consent to clarify the content of the consent. This process highlights the importance of understanding the agency of the consent giver.

From ''Dependent Translation" to "Creative Translation'' by Taha Abdurrahman

This paper undertakes a critical and analytical examination of the transformative dimensions of translation as conceptualized by the Moroccan philosopher Taha Abdurrahman. Central to Abdurrahman’s intellectual project is the call to transcend the pervasive Eurocentrism that characterizes contemporary translation theories. Abdurrahman offers a nuanced critique of the translation methodologies employed during the Abbasid period, particularly the uncontextualized appropriation of Greek philosophy. He contends that this approach led to the marginalization of Islamic philosophy, reducing it to a mode of mere transmission and dependency, initially on ancient Greece and subsequently on the modern West. To address these historical inadequacies, Abdurrahman advocates for an innovative translation strategy termed taʾṣīliyya, which translates literally to “authenticating.” This strategy emphasizes a transformative process whereby the source text is integrated into the receiving culture, aligning with its specific epistemic and cultural needs, irrespective of the original context. Abdurrahman posits that this method is essential for fostering an autonomous Arab/Islamic philosophical tradition, one that is not subsumed under external theoretical paradigms, even if this necessitates deviating from conventional criteria of accuracy and faithfulness. This paper critically engages with the theoretical foundations and proposes practical applications of Abdurrahman’s translation paradigm. It situates his framework within the broader historical trajectory of translation in the Arabic intellectual tradition and contemporary translation studies. Furthermore, it interrogates the theoretical and methodological ramifications of eschewing conventional norms of fidelity and accuracy, notwithstanding their entrenched and restrictive nature.

Semiconcept and concept representations

In FCA, we often deal with a formal context K=(G,M,I) that is only partially known, i.e. only the attributes that belong to an observable set N⊂M are known. There must also exist a part H of the object set G – called a training set – that consists of elements with all attributes known. The concepts of K have to be determined using the subcontexts corresponding to the training object set H and to the observable attribute set N. In our paper, this problem is examined within the extended framework of the semiconcepts of the original context, which are generalizations of its concepts. Each semiconcept of the original context induces a semiconcept in both subcontexts. In this way, each semiconcept of the context is represented by an induced pair of semiconcepts, which can also be considered its approximations — as in the case of rough sets. We describe the properties of the mapping defined by this representation and prove that the poset formed by these semiconcept pairs is a union of two complete lattices. We show that these induced semiconcept pairs can be generated by using a simplified representation of them. As the number of semiconcepts grows exponentially with the size of the training set and the observable attribute set, an algorithm that selects the representation pairs for which their support and relevance reach a certain threshold is also presented.

Tracing the Contours of Archival Silences: A Case Study of Critical Collection Building on the Rock Springs Massacre

ABSTRACTArchives can reinforce silences of marginalized communities, further erasing their stories and voices. This study aims to understand the contours of archival silences, focusing on experiences of Chinese people in the United States in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. We are building a digital archival collection that centers Chinese peoples' voices around the Rock Springs Massacre of 1885, an incident of racial violence that killed at least 28 Chinese people and displaced hundreds more. As we selected items, we wrote structured reflections to critically examine each item's content, source, presentation, arrangement and description in their original context, as well as any absences and silences that we encountered in the search and assessment process. Based on a praxis of radical empathy, ethics of care, and slow archives, we engaged with our positionalities, past experiences, professional training in Library and Information Sciences (LIS), and affective responses throughout the research process to reflect on how they shape our decisions and hesitations in item selection and contextualization. Three main themes emerged from a preliminary thematic analysis of our reflections: complexity of archival silences and silencing, challenges of inclusive representation, and problematizing and going beyond primary sources.

Imperatives Under Chinese Monochrome Art: Revisiting “Magiciens de la Terre”

“Les Magiciens de la Terre” has long been hailed as the first international contemporary art exhibition including both artists from Europe, Africa, Tibet, China, and other non-western places. Yang Jiechang, Gu Dexin, and Huang Yong Ping were the only three Chinese artists to participate in this exhibition. They made their debuts in front of unfamiliar overseas audiences, in which their art practices were rearranged, and Yang started his familiar series of “100 Layers of Ink.” My paper shifts the attention away from the single monochrome artwork of Yang’s 100 Layers of Ink at the Smart Museum, recenters it on the original context of the inception of this series at “Les Magiciens de la Terre,” and examines the general imperatives of those three artists’ first debuts — “distinct originality” and “being well-prepared.” The heightening emphasis on originality had already surfaced on the contemporary Chinese art scene and culminated in the curatorial plan of the exhibition’s curator, Jean-Hubert Martin. On the other hand, because of the importance of the debuts, “being well-prepared” underlined every aspect of their art-making for the exhibition, including enlarging scales, complicating the artistic concepts, and increasing working time. All those factors contributed to the sudden shifts in their art practices and shed new light on the imperatives under Yang’s monochrome art and his reflections on colors.

تأثير المتلازمات اللفظية في تكوين البيئة اللغوية للناطقين بغير العربية

The absence of a linguistic environment in foreign language learning poses a significant challenge to achieving educational goals and impacts the effectiveness of students' learning. This article aims to highlight the role of collocations in shaping a linguistic environment for non-native Arabic learners to facilitate the achievement of their learning objectives. The importance of this study lies in clarifying and emphasizing the role of collocations in addressing the deficiency caused by the lack of a linguistic environment in teaching Arabic to non-native speakers, making their expressions more native-like. The study employed a qualitative method with a descriptive approach to collect and analyze its data. It concluded that collocations play a crucial role in shaping the linguistic environment for non-native Arabic speakers by presenting the language in its natural form, preserving its structure as it is used in its original context. The study recommends that teachers emphasize the use of collocations when teaching non-native Arabic speakers, as they help prevent linguistic interference by encouraging the use of vocabulary in collocational structures.

Digital Archives of Buddhist Cultural Heritage on the Eastern Silk Road: Status and Utilization in Dunhuang, Turfan, and Kucha

The advancement of digital humanities in the 21st century has significantly enhanced the importance of digital archives in Buddhist art research. The digitization of the extensive and geographically diverse Buddhist cultural heritage along the eastern Silk Road has greatly improved the efficiency and accessibility of scholarly research. This paper examines seminal digital archives initiatives pertaining to the region's Buddhist legacy.Notable examples analyzed in this study include the International Dunhuang Project (IDP); the Database of Medieval Chinese Texts, a collaborative effort between Belgium's Ghent University Centre for Buddhist Studies and Taiwan's Chung-Hwa Institute of Buddhist Studies; the Digital Silk Road projects at Japan's Tōyō Bunko and Ryukoku University; the Dunhuang Academy's Dunhuang Documents Database and Digital Dunhuang platform; and Germany's Turfan Archive and Buddhist Murals of Kucha Archive. These digital archives offer access to high-resolution images and rare materials, encompassing Buddhist scriptures, Dunhuang manuscripts, paintings, and sculptures.These digital archives are crucial for art historical research, contributing to the understanding of original contexts, meanings, and religious functions through the virtual reunification of dispersed artworks. Moreover, these digital archives transcend time and space constraints, facilitating comprehensive research, aiding in cultural heritage preservation, and increasing public accessibility. As these digital repositories continue to expand and interconnect, they are poised to deepen our understanding of Silk Road Buddhist art, paving the way for innovative research approaches and promoting international scholarly cooperation.

Die Herakles-Kentauren-Gruppe

The bronze candelabrum found in 1896 during the Austrian excavations in the ›Marble Hall‹ of the Harbour Gymnasium in Ephesus, which shows a group with two persons—Herakles fighting with a Centaur—in front of a tree, has been part of the collection of antiquities of the Kunsthistorisches Museum Vienna since the end of the 19th century. In the course of recent research, questions concerning the history of the find and the object, technical aspects and modern restoration measures, as well as the dating and the original context of the installation were addressed. Scientific analyses were carried out, which helped to identify one of three other fragments present, a horse’s front hoof, as belonging to the group. A second human foot and a horse hind leg indicate that there was a second group of the same size. This one, however, was not quite identical as assumed in previous research, but probably showed a similar motif—maybe the hero kneeling on the centaur. Stylistic and technical aspects point to a dating in late Hellenistic times, in the middle of the 1st century BC, and eventually to a workshop in Alexandria. It is therefore possible that this is the oldest preserved bronze candelabrum of this form.

Zpátky ke kořenům: Základní nástroje pro obnovu komunit podle Erica Lawa a jejich pokračující význam

Eric H. F. Law’s tools for the support of diverse and sustainable communities continue to be used and integrated into curricula of Kaleidoscope Institute, which he founded, and two of them can be considered foundational – Mutual Invitation and Respectful Commu¬nication Guidelines. Both of these appear in nearly all curricula developed by Kaleidoscope Institute, and I believe that they are implicitly included in the background of all the work that Kaleidoscope Institute has done in line with its mission. In this article, I would like to present these two basic tools of multicultural dialogue in their original context and, at the same time, explain and exemplify their continuing importance and value for the present, as their regular user in a professional capacity. Mutual Invitation and Respectful Communication Guidelines continue to be introduced in many contexts and situations, and as such are a helpful entry point into understanding Eric H. F. Law’s thinking and work.

Attempting an Ontology of Participatory Film

In this video-essay, participatory filmmaker, Paul Cooke, and social anthropologist, Stephanie Schwandner-Sievers, discuss in detail images from two activist-focussed, participatory video projects Cooke has run with young people in South Africa and Lebanon. They ask whether participatory film can communicate their creators’ activist intentions to audiences often far removed from the original context of production. They challenge themselves to answer this question by deliberately juxtaposing their respective disciplines’ distinct philosophical approaches to ontology. Bazin’s foundational discussion of the ontology of the photographic image (as a universally relatable ‘essence’ encapsulated in the image) is juxtaposed with anthropology’s ‘ontological turn’ (a radical cultural-relativist focus on people and contextually situated meaning). The video-essay reflects on whether the young participant filmmakers’ aesthetic choices generate images which speak for themselves or, alternatively, whether the transfigurations these images undergo through different registers of representation and curation – as the films move from community showcasing event to international film festival or academic setting – change their originally-intended meanings. In identifying tensions between proximity and distance, intimacy and exploitation, the potentials and limitations of mediating local activists’ voices to remote audiences through film is left up to the spectator for final arbitration.

Communicating Nutrition and Dietetics Research: A Crucial Step to Advancing Evidence-Based Practice

The primary objective of nutrition research is to make discoveries that will improve human health, and this is more likely to happen when researchers collaborate and share research findings with clinicians, program and policy makers, and the public. Nutrition research directly informs evidence-based care provided by registered dietitian nutritionists. However, the current academic model often lacks sufficient incentives and preparation for researchers to effectively disseminate their work. Consequently, research findings can be misrepresented, misinterpreted, distorted from their original context, or fail to reach the intended audience altogether. The aim of this article was to describe the importance and value of communication and disseminating nutrition research with various audiences and discuss what material should be disseminated. The information presented can serve as a guide for nutrition researchers to effectively disseminate their research for maximal impact and relevance.

Weakly Supervised Temporal Action Localization With Bidirectional Semantic Consistency Constraint.

Weakly supervised temporal action localization (WTAL) aims to classify and localize temporal boundaries of actions for the video, given only video-level category labels in the training datasets. Due to the lack of boundary information during training, existing approaches formulate WTAL as a classification problem, i.e., generating the temporal class activation map (T-CAM) for localization. However, with only classification loss, the model would be suboptimized, i.e., the action-related scenes are enough to distinguish different class labels. Regarding other actions in the action-related scene (i.e., the scene same as positive actions) as co-scene actions, this suboptimized model would misclassify the co-scene actions as positive actions. To address this misclassification, we propose a simple yet efficient method, named bidirectional semantic consistency constraint (Bi-SCC), to discriminate the positive actions from co-scene actions. The proposed Bi-SCC first adopts a temporal context augmentation to generate an augmented video that breaks the correlation between positive actions and their co-scene actions in the inter-video. Then, a semantic consistency constraint (SCC) is used to enforce the predictions of the original video and augmented video to be consistent, hence suppressing the co-scene actions. However, we find that this augmented video would destroy the original temporal context. Simply applying the consistency constraint would affect the completeness of localized positive actions. Hence, we boost the SCC in a bidirectional way to suppress co-scene actions while ensuring the integrity of positive actions, by cross-supervising the original and augmented videos. Finally, our proposed Bi-SCC can be applied to current WTAL approaches and improve their performance. Experimental results show that our approach outperforms the state-of-the-art methods on THUMOS14 and ActivityNet. The code is available at https://github.com/lgzlIlIlI/BiSCC.

‘To Fame Unknown’: Familiar Verse Epistles of the Spring-Yelverton Coterie

This article identifies Thomas Spring and Barry Yelverton as the authors of three previously unattributed poems written between 1758 and 1761, around the time these two were beginning their law studies at the Middle Temple in London. Based on internal evidence from the poems themselves and clues from Samuel Whyte’s 1772 anthology The Shamrock and other sources, I argue they should be viewed as products of a short-lived literary coterie. The article first examines the poems within their original manuscript context and how Spring and his friends explore the theme of choosing poetic anonymity as they contemplate embarking on careers in the law. Next, it examines the print history of these poems, which illustrates the conflicting motives of poets and anthologists who repackage manuscript poems in printed forms. Making these poems public in printed collections obscured the authors’ identities by obscuring the existence of the literary coterie to which they belonged. Bringing this coterie to light draws attention to the complex ways poetry functioned, in manuscript and in print, in eighteenth-century Ireland and invites further scholarly examination of these poems.