Origin Certification Research Articles

FTA 확대에 따른 원산지확인서 발급 실태 및 개선방안

Purpose : This study aims to examine the status and improvement plan of issuance for declaration of origin following expansion of FTA.
 Research design, data and methodology : This study analyzes related literature reviews.
 Results : It is necessary to improve the issuance method for declaration of origin, which is appropriate to be issued by a licensed customs agent. In obtaining a declaration of origin, it is also necessary to establish an automatic linkage system with the certificate of origin issuing agency to promote a unified administrative system. Finally, free online education should also be expanded to facilitate regulations and applications throughout the country of origin.
 Conclusions : When these all systems are fully utilized, export companies will be guaranteed work efficiency as a force behind trade, and unnecessary disputes with related agencies will be reduced.

A mid-infrared spectroscopy-random forest system for the origin tracing of Chinese geographical indication Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata

Reliable origin certification methods are essential for the protection of high-value genuine medicinal material with designated origins and geographical indication (GI) products. Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata (Fuzi), one well-known traditional Chinese medicine and geographical indication products have remarkable efficacy and wide clinical application, with high demand in domestic and international markets. The efficacy and price of Fuzi from different origins vary, and it is difficult for the general public to accurately identify them through traditional experience. The mass spectrometry detection technology based on the plant metabolomics is tedious and lengthy in test sample preparation, complicated in operation, long in detection time, and low in reproducibility. As a sophisticated, green, fast, and low-loss detection technique, infrared spectroscopy is integrated by machine learning to bring new ways for quality regulation and control of traditional Chinese medicines. An analytical method based on mid-infrared spectroscopy combined with a random forest algorithm was developed to verify the geographical origin of authentic herbs and/or GI products. The method successfully predicted and classified three varieties of Chinese GI Fuzi and four varieties of non-GI Fuzi. In this study, an environment-friendly traceability strategy with fast analysis, low sample loss and high precision was used to provide a new strategy for identifying the origin of Fuzi.

Seafood Choice and Consumption Behavior: Assessing the Willingness to Pay for an Edible Sea Urchin.

Consumers' behavior towards sea urchin and preferences towards their origin certification and place of consumption may condition their market. In this context, the aim of this research was to elicit the preferences and perceptions of Italian sea urchin dishes using a discrete choice experiment (DCE) approach. A field survey of 453 respondents in Apulia (southern Italy) was conducted for this purpose. The DCE revealed that the origin certification of sea urchin provided Apulia's consumers a high utility with a great pleasurable service in restaurants in which this species was served as a principal dish or seasoned with pasta or pizza. The DCE also showed that the consumption utility of sea urchin was related to a greater influence by place of purchase, place of consumption, technique of conservation, appearance, quality label, fishing zone, low price, male buyer, and, finally, medium and high incomes. Furthermore, Apulian consumers were willing to pay EUR 10.53/dish as an overall average for safe and certified sea urchin consumption. Given this, this research may promote the creation of a local sea urchin brand through the adoption of a market policy and a particular regulation related to the certification of origin, enhancing the competitiveness of this marine heritage species.

Using blockchain technology to combat counterfeiting

Although the globalization of trade entails multiple benefits for both traders and consumers, such as the expansion of markets and the possibility of accessing a wide range of products, it also entails the risk of the spread of counterfeit goods. One of the tools that could be used to combat this trend is blockchain technology. The aforementioned technology presupposes the existence of a single ledger that is shared and synchronized across many sites, organizations, or computers, with participants having the ability to register any type of information. Thus, in the near future, a single ledger could be created in which relevant information about the specific traded good, such as its origin or sanitary certificate, would be recorded. By doing so, the quantity of counterfeit goods on the market will decrease, while consumer confidence will increase. The World Intellectual Property Organization is currently analyzing the possibility of incorporating blockchain technology into several areas specific to intellectual property law, with one of the goals being to combat counterfeiting. Therefore, through this article, we propose to conduct an analysis of the legal provisions of the European Union that aim at fighting against counterfeit goods. Simultaneously, we will investigate the methods used by the private sector in this field, particularly blockchain technology. In this regard, some practical examples that have been used for several years by large retailers such as Walmart and Carrefour will be presented.

PERANCANGAN APLIKASI PENGOLAHAN NILAI IJAZAH MENGGUNAKAN BAHASA PEMROGRAMAN VB.NET DAN DATABASE MYSQL

The processing students’ test scores which is a part of teaching and learning activities. The assessment system is implemented as a benchmark of the students’ success in learning process and the results of their competencies in certain subjects. The design of this School Diploma Value Processing Application is expected to help the school in processing students’ scores and avoid the occurrence of repeated input of same data which takes a long time. This application design uses a system development method, that is the System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) with Visual Basic.Net programming language and MySQL database which is a software of Database Management System (DBMS). This application design presents reports in the form of student data, subject data, Graduation Certificate, Certificate of Examination Results and Collection of Students’ Report Grades. The Certificate of Graduation and the Certificate of Examination Results are temporary, but they can be used by the students as conditions for continuing to a higher level education before the original certificate is handed over to the students.

Вимоги до маркування як один з інструментів нетарифного регулювання імпорту українських продуктів харчування в Китайській народній республіці

The article analyzes the dynamics and structure of international trade in Ukrainian food products with China. The opportunities of Ukrainian food producers to meet the demand of Chinese consumers are considered. The tools of the Chinese non-tariff trade policy regarding the import of food products (licenses, certificates of quality or compliance, certificates of origin, quality standards, requirements for packaging and labeling, legislative acts, sanitary and phytosanitary requirements) and their impact on trade with Ukraine are determined. Chinese regulations and GB state standards, which establish requirements for the safety of food and agricultural products, are considered. The process of accreditation of foreign manufacturers in China is described. Based on the analysis of literary sources, the definition of the concept of labeling is given – it is all words, descriptions, signs for goods and services, brand name, images or symbols related to food products and placed on any package, label (sticker), consumer container, counter-label , collar, label, stopper, leaflet, document, message, other packaging elements accompanying or belonging to this type of food products. The elements of labeling and its functions (informational, identification, motivational, emotional) are described, classification of food product labeling is proposed according to four characteristics (by the stage of production and sales activity at which the labeling is applied, by the content of the information on the labeling, by the breadth of coverage of product groups, by territorial scale of use).The types of product identification are considered according to the information contained in the labeling (consumer identification, assortment identification, quality identification, identification of the product belonging to a specific batch). China’s requirements for food labeling were studied, the main of which is that the labeling must meet the standards and contain complete and reliable information about the product and its manufacturer, which is necessary for the buyer to make a decision about the feasibility of purchasing it.

Сучасні технології автоматизації складської діяльності підприємств

The article is devoted to the study of new technologies in warehouses; the essence of the “distribution channel” is considered through the analysis of the definitions of this term by various authors; the difference between the supply channel, the goods movement channel and the distribution channel was analyzed; the main changes and problems in the field of distribution over the past few years have been identified; describes the most innovative technologies for digitalization of warehouses. The results of the study showed that the implementation of the latest technologies in warehouses will ensure the coordinated and fast work of all its links. Thus, the new blockchain technology guarantees the sovereignty and protection of data transmission between the user and the company, as well as avoiding the reuse of certificates of origin through real-time tracking of goods. It is guaranteed through cryptography, visibility and data usage, as well as ensuring equal access to all network participants. This technology provides protection and, at the same time, openness of enterprise data, which in turn will help prevent unfair competition in the industry. The Pick by Voice technology will help to significantly increase the efficiency of warehouse workers, because the operator does not waste time reading, has free hands and is not distracted by related operations. The implementation of Radio Frequency Identification will help enterprises to maximally systematize information about the product itself, which in turn will improve and speed up work with both suppliers and customers. Also, the introduction of robotics in warehouses will ensure the minimization of the human factor at the workplace and the reduction of employee salary costs. In general, the advantages of implementing these technologies significantly exceed the disadvantages or risks. The main advantage is the smooth operation of the warehouse, reduction of production maintenance costs, systematized information and tracking of goods. The disadvantages are the costs of implementing these projections, which are quite expensive. Therefore, the development of online business and the reduction of delivery times to the shortest terms have started a trend towards automation of even small warehouses. In turn, warehouses with huge flows of goods need large-scale systematization of all processes, which is possible only with the use of the latest warehousing technologies.

Trade creation and trade diversion effects of ACFTA on seafood exports

The gravity model is an econometric model used an as effective tool to explain the volume and direction of bilateral trade between countries. It is widely used in international trade and thus, in this article, we use the gravity model to examine the trade creation and diversion effects of ASEAN-China Free Trade Agreement (ACFTA) for the seafood industry by estimating the gravity trade model for the time period between 2003 and 2020 and between 10 countries. Initially, the estimation applied panel data with ordinary least squares (OLS) estimation, but there was a problem with heteroscedasticity and autocorrelation using the OLS estimator. Therefore, we will re-estimate the model by using the fixed effects model (FEM) and random effects model (REM). We estimate twice, once with data including 2020 and once excluding 2020 to understand the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on commercial trends. The estimated results show that trade creation influences seafood. It is possible that the COVID-19 pandemic has no impact on trade diversion and creation, or that the 2020 data is too short for us to assess this impact. In conclusion, this article has achieved certain success in explaining the causes affecting trade flow in processed goods due to differences between the general tariff rate and the preferential tariff rate for ASEAN - Chinese seafood, and the close distance between commercial partners and converting certificate of origin (C/O) of goods to export. Analysis using the gravity model shows a positive impact on Vietnam's seafood trade flow when joining ACFTA.

Digital Sovereignty in Indonesia-China Trade Relations

The China-Indonesia bilateral cooperation relationship has been going on for a long time, including cooperation in the trade sector. In 2019, the signing of the e-SKA data MoU was carried out as a basis for exchanging data for exporters and importers of the two countries. The transformation of the certificate of origin into e-SKA is one of the efforts to keep pace with the increasingly rapid development of technology and digital. Thus, digital developments need to be accompanied by the readiness of the state to have a defense and security system as an effort to maintain and realize digital sovereignty. This research was analyzed with the theory of Competitive Intelligence. The method used is a qualitative method with Content Analysis specifications.

TANGGUNG JAWAB HUKUM ATAS KERUGIAN AKIBAT WANPRESTASI DALAM PERJANJIAN JUAL BELI TANAH (STUDI KASUS DI PENGADILAN NEGERI SIDOARJO) PUTUSAN NOMOR 16/Pdt.G/2019/PN Sda

Buying and selling is a form of general transaction that is often carried out by the public. Usually the sale and purchase agreement are made orally or in writing on the basis of the agreement of the parties involved parties (seller and buyer). This study aims to determine the process of implementing land and house sale and purchase agreements, regulations and rights and obligations between the seller and the buyer, and know the legal responsibility if one of the parties commits error. This research method is normative because in this study the researched are legal rules, legal principles and legal responsibility for implementation of the sale and purchase agreement of land and houses in Sukoharjo Regency. The nature of this research is descriptive which describes thoroughly and systematically about sale and purchase agreement. The results of the study show the process of buying and selling land and houses in Sukoharjo Regency, it must meet material, formal, and legal requirements. Condition material, which includes buyers, sellers and land objects, then the formal requirements include: original land certificate, proof of having paid PBB, BPHTB deposit letter, PPh deposit letter, and seller and buyer data which includes: KTP and KK, and the legal requirements of article 1320 Civil Code. After fulfilling the conditions, then both parties must do the following: a written agreement made by the PPAT party which is then signed by the parties. After signing the deed of agreement, the agreement then arises deal. After the agreement and signing of the agreement, the rights arise and obligations for the parties that must be carried out, the right of the seller is to receive payment for land and houses, while the buyer's rights are to receive ownership rights to the land and a house in the form of a certificate. The seller's obligation is to hand over the ownership rights to the land and house in the form of a certificate to the buyer, then the buyer's obligation is to pay price according to agreement. Legal responsibility if one of the parties commits errors due to default, must pay compensation based on article 1243 Civil Code. Meanwhile, if an error is made by one of the parties as a result of against the law committed by him, he must pay compensation based on article 1365 Civil Code

Physicochemical, phenolic, and mineral characterization of Mimosa scabrella Bentham honeydew honey: a trial for obtaining the geographical identification

Physicochemical characteristics, phenolic, and mineral compounds of bracatinga honeydew honeys (BHH) from the south Brazilian plateau were evaluated, as requested for denomination of origin (DO) certification. Thirty-four samples were analyzed, and ANOVA and principal components analysis were carried out to classify them. Moisture content (<20 %), 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (< 10.0 mg kg-1), diastase activity (>8 Shade units), and electrical conductivity (> 0.8 mS cm−1) met the international standards. Free acidity was higher than 50.0 mEq kg-1, and reducing sugars (fructose and glucose) ranged from 58 % to 75 %. Syringic acid, p-coumaric acid, and rutin were the major phenolic compounds. In the PCA scatterplot (PC1 46.6%, PC2 25.8 %), BHH formed one single group, due to the common physicochemical parameters, with only two samples separated with higher levels of minerals Ba, Co, Pd, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, and V. The result proved that there was no distinction among the BHH samples, meeting the requirements for DO certification.

The Role of the Emotional Sequence in the Communication of the Territorial Cheeses: A Neuromarketing Approach.

Over the past few years, many studies have shown how territoriality can be considered a driver for purchasing agri-food products. Products with certification of origin are perceived as more sustainable, safer and of better quality. At the same time, producers of traditional products often belong to small entities that struggle to compete with large multinational food corporations, having less budget to allocate to product promotion. In this study, we propose a neuromarketing approach, showing how the use of these techniques can help in choosing the most effective commercial in terms of likeability and ability to activate mnemonic processes. Two commercials were filmed for the purpose of this study. They differed from each other in terms of emotional sequence. The first aimed primarily at eliciting positive emotions derived from the product description. The second aimed to generate negative emotions during the early stages, highlighting the negative consequences of humans’ loss of contact with nature and tradition and then eliciting positive emotions by presenting cheese production using traditional techniques as a solution to the problem. Based on the literature on the emotional sequences in social advertising, we hypothesised that the second commercial would generate an overall better emotional reaction and activate mnemonic processes to a greater extent. Our results partially support the research hypotheses, providing useful insights both to marketers and for future research on the topic.

Tracking Wheat Variety and Origin by the Shape Analysis of the Volatiles Fingerprint of Wheat Kernels and Wheat Beers

The Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) of common wheat of different origin (variety and altitude of cultivation) and craft wheat beers produced by using the wheat themselves were analyzed by SPME GC-MS. The VOCs of wheat kernels and wheat beers were compared, and 14 common flavor-active compounds were identified. Principal component analysis was used to describe changes in the profile of common volatiles induced by beer processing. A unifying approach by Generalized Procrustes analysis (GPA), which considers the overall characteristics of the datasets, permitted linking the VOCs of wheat to those of beers and to define a common flavor pattern. Despite the beer processing deeply affecting the overall volatilome profile, a consensus map permitted to clearly classify the VOCs profile of five out of six samples. This work revealed that differences in wheat VOCs induced by wheat variety and cultivation site were reflected in different beer aromatic profiles, highlighting the importance of origin on the wheat and beers’ flavor. This unifying approach to flavor analysis by GPA could be of help in sight of a certification of origin, since it may contribute not only to the definition of wheat origin but also of the “terroir” of wheat beer thereof.

Missionary Practices of the Russian Orthodox Church in the eastern Outskirts of the Russian Empire in the second half of the XIX – early XX centuries (based on the materials of the Orthodox missions of the Tobolsk Diocese)

The article is devoted to the actual problem of the organization of missionary practices of the Russian Orthodox Church and the functioning of Orthodox missions of the Tobolsk diocese, which entered in the second half of the XIX – early XX century as an actor of colonization of the eastern outskirts of the Russian Empire. The object of this work is the communicative space of the activity of the Russian Orthodox Church in the second half of the XIX – early XX century. The subject of the study is the missionary practices of the Russian Orthodox Church as an actor of colonization of the eastern outskirts of the Russian Empire in the second half of the XIX – early XX centuries (based on the materials of the Orthodox missions of the Tobolsk diocese). The purpose of the article is to identify and characterize the missionary practices of the Russian Orthodox Church in the territorial borders of the Tobolsk province as part of a vast and ethno-confessional mosaic of the West Siberian region, within whose boundaries missionary societies positioned themselves as a force that performed important colonization tasks of the State. In methodological terms, the formulation of the problem, its solution and conclusions are provided by the application of a socio-cultural approach and appeals to the practices of a new local history. The source base of the work consisted of a wide range of materials of a clerical and regulatory legal nature, published statistical information, publications in the periodical diocesan press, certificates of personal origin, which ensured the representativeness of conclusions regarding practices in the activities of the missions of the Tobolsk diocese in the chronological boundaries of the second half of the XIX – early XX centuries. The article concludes that the missionary work of the Russian Orthodox Church in Western Siberia and, in particular, the Tobolsk province becomes an effective tool of internal colonization and is constructed within the framework of the foreign policy of the Russian Empire on the eastern outskirts, which was based on the principles of paternalism and the idea of creating conditions for the "maturation" of indigenous peoples.

KONSTRUKSI HUKUM HAKIM AGUNG DALAM MEMUTUS SENGKETA PAJAK PERTAMBAHAN NILAI PERUSAHAAN BATU BARA (Studi Kasus Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor : 36/B/PK/PJK/2016)

&lt;span class="fontstyle0"&gt;This study aims to analyze and synthesize the legal construction of the Supreme Court justices in deciding the value added tax dispute of coal companies so that they can be used as legal considerations for tax authorities and taxpayers who are in the coal mining sector in fulfilling their tax obligations. The method used is doctrinal research which analyzes primary and secondary legal sources. The results of the study show that the construction of the Supreme Court judge in deciding the value added tax dispute for coal companies is not only guided by written regulations and documents, but also explores, follows, and understands the legal values and sense of justice that live in the coal business world. The Supreme Court judge is of the opinion that the Certificate of Origin is not the basis for calculating the volume of coal delivery, income from debt payments is not an object of value added tax, foreign exchange income is not an object of value added, and sales of assets which according to their original purpose were not traded by coal mining companies are not value added tax object.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

Headspace GC/MS and fast GC e-nose combined with chemometric analysis to identify the varieties and geographical origins of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe)

Food authenticity regarding different varieties and geographical origins is increasingly becoming a concern for consumers. In this study, headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-GC–MS) and fast gas chromatography electronic nose (fast GC e-nose) were used to successfully distinguish the varieties and geographical origins of dried gingers from seven major production areas in China. By chemometric analysis, a distinct separation between the two varieties of ginger was achieved based on HS-GC–MS. Furthermore, flavor information extracted by fast GC e-nose realized the discrimination of geographical origins, and some potential flavor components were selected as important factors for origin certification. Moreover, several pattern recognition algorithms were compared in varietal and regional identification, and random forest (RF) led to the highest accuracies for discrimination. Overall, a rapid and precise method combining multivariate chemometrics and algorithms was developed to determine varieties and geographical origins of ginger, and it could also be applied to other agricultural products.

“I Want the Piece of Paper that Is My History, and Why the Hell Can’t I Have It?”: Original Birth Certificates and Adoptive Identity

ABSTRACT This study focused on how adopted adults who have reunited with at least one birth family member experienced identity shifts related to their original birth certificates (OBCs). Framed by the Communication Theory of Identity (CTI), 50 adopted adults discussed their experiences related to their OBCs and how their identities are connected to this symbol through three of the layers of CTI, the personal, enacted, and relational layers. Participants discussed the presence of an ambiguous and unsolvable identity that interpenetrated with their other identity layers. Findings extend CTI to include an additional layer for adoptees – phantom identity – which can explain the life adoptees would have lived had they not been adopted. This identity was salient for participants as it manifested in ways such as expressing frustration with obstacles in gaining access to their OBC and refocusing their professional life to support other adopted adults. Moreover, findings offer implications for the examination into current adoption record practices in the United States, additional state mutual consent registries, and increased access to adoption-competent counselors for adoptees.

Certificates verification on the block chain

All certificates, including those for secondary school graduation, high school diplomas, and college degrees, have been converted to digital form and made accessible to students at higher education institutions. It's essential for learners to keep track of their diplomas. It is a complex and time-consuming process for the institution or organization to verify or authenticate a certificate's validity. This application would aid in the safekeeping of the certificates on the block chain. Digital certificates are created by first digitising the original paper certificates. The certificate's hash code value is generated using the chaotic technique. It is then added to the block chain. The mobile application is used to verify these certifications. We can make digital certificate verification more reliable and safe by implementing block chains.

Italian Consumer Preferences for Eucalyptus Honey: An Exploratory Study

The growing concern for environmental issues has underlined the need to promote sustainable consumption and production. Taking into consideration the three pillars of sustainability, honey should be seen as an important food from a sustainability perspective. Among honey varieties, the eucalyptus one is becoming increasingly popular with people for its aroma and the plant’s therapeutic properties. However, the beekeeping sector in Italy does not yet have sufficient knowledge and understanding of consumer needs with a view to increasing earnings. This paper aimed to analyze the drivers that make people pick eucalyptus honey and tries to investigate which extrinsic and intrinsic quality attributes affect consumer behavior. Data came from an online survey of 403 Italian honey consumers. An ordered Probit model was applied. The results show that consumers consider the taste, viscosity, therapeutic properties, brand reputation, variety, geographical indication, Italian origin, and organic certification of honey as the most important factors that drive the consumption of eucalyptus honey. The findings of the study should help the beekeepers and provide them with the right tools of communication, such as quality or sustainability labeling, thereby increasing their competitiveness.

2. PENCEGAHAN PRAKTEK KEJAHATAN EKONOMI DALAM PERDAGANGAN BEBAS – ORIGIN FRAUD DALAM INDUSTRI MEBEL KAYU DI JEPARA

Indonesia has been known to have abundant natural resources and culture-based creative industries.The country is therefore vulnerable to the practice of fraud of origin. One of many industrial sectorssusceptible to that particular crime is the wooden furniture businesses. In many cases, it is apparent thatnatural products and raw materials of Indonesia are being exported without listing the country as the place oforigin. The most common Indonesian material falls within this illegal practice are timber products. In theprovince of Central Java, Jepara has been a prominent center of timber industry producing high quality timberproducts and wooden raw materials. From a unique standpoint, the timber industry in Jepara is deeply rootedto the culture and identity of the natives, making the attempt to separate the discussion between timber industryand the people of Jepara not only imprudent but virtually impossible. By looking at the statistic in whichJepara’s public education level is assessed to be still below the national standard, and as well bearing to thegeneral fact that the timber actors in Jepara are more focused on product sales rather than important technicalaspects such as certification of origin, it should be projected that crimes such as fraud of origin could be easilycommitted in Jepara. This study is using a comparative advantage theory and theories or models of H-O toinvestigate how the practice of fraud of origin in Jepara occurs and how to resolve such problem.