Onites Research Articles

Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activities of Leaf and Flower Essential Oils of Origanum onites L. Growing in Mount Ida-Turkey

The chemical composition of leaf and flower essential oils of Origanum onites L. were analyzed using Thermo Scientific TSQ GC-MS/MS. Also, antioxidant activities of the leaf and flower essential oils were investigated by using DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging activity and β-carotene linoleic acid assays. BHA (Butylated hydroxyanisole) and BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) were used as standards. The essential oil yields of O. onites were 1.75 % for leaves, and 4.25 % for flowers. A total of twenty-three compounds representing 99.9 % of leaf oil and twenty-four compounds constituted 99.6 % of the flower oil were determined. Oxygenated monoterpenes were detected at a high percentage (69.2 %) in leaf essential oil and carvacrol (64.9 %) was determined as the main compound. Also, flower essential oil was dominated by sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (73.5 %) and α-cubebene (36.4 %) was determined as major compound. For leaf oil, a high antioxidant capacity was determined, primarily due to carvacrol and p-cymene.

REVIEW ON IOT (INTERNET OF THINGS) PARADIGM AND ITS APPLICATIONS

REVIEW ON IOT (INTERNET OF THINGS) PARADIGM AND ITS APPLICATIONS

First report of powdery mildew of Origanum onites caused by Golovinomyces biocellatus in Turkey

First report of powdery mildew of Origanum onites caused by Golovinomyces biocellatus in Turkey

Preparation, characterization and antioxidant properties of gelatin films incorporated with Origanum onites L. essential oil

This study aims to develop gelatin (GEL) films containing 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8% Origanum onites L. essential oil (OOEO) with glycerol as plasticizer using the casting technique. The physical, color, mechanical, structural, thermal, and antioxidant properties of enriched GEL films were also characterized. The GEL/OOEO combination significantly reduced tensile strength and film solubility of GEL-based films while significantly increasing ultraviolet and visible light barrier properties, thickness, and elongation at break (p ≤ 0.05). According to the results, the increased OOEO content has become darker yellow compared to the control GEL film. The amount of compounds in OOEO was determined using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, and it was determined that the most representative compounds of OOEO were carvacrol and thymol. As OOEO concentration increases, the decrease in the smooth, continuous surfaces and dense internal structures of GEL/OOEO films are observed with scanning electron microscopy. FTIR analysis showed some changes in the density of typical bands of control GEL and GEL/OOEO films. Analysis of thermal properties was determined by DSC, and films containing OOEO showed two different endothermic peaks at a lower temperature than control films. The antioxidant properties were significantly enhanced with increasing OOEO concentration reaching 21.78 and 46.52% of DPPH and 52.16 and 83.13% of ABTS radical inhibition, respectively. Therefore, GEL/OOEO films may be suitable for use as an environmentally friendly active film due to their excellent antioxidant properties with sufficient functional properties, depending on the desired application.

The influence of plant addition to some physicochemical, textural, microstructural, melting ability and sensory properties of Mozzarella cheese

Mozzarella cheese is produced by kneading the curd, which has a fibrous structure with melting and elongation properties, in hot water. The present study aimed to investigate the impact of the addition of some plants on certain properties of Mozzarella cheese. Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.), basil (Ocimum basilicum L.), mint (Mentha piperita L.) and Turkish Oregano (Origanum onites L.) were added to Mozzarella cheese at the curd kneading stage, and physicochemical, textural, microstructural, meltability and sensory properties were investigated during the storage period. No plants were added to the control group cheese. Plant addition to Mozzarella cheese affected some physicochemical properties such as pH, acidity, free fatty acids, as well as textural and microstructural properties. Furthermore, it affected sensory properties, especially Turkish Oregano and mint addition provided high general acceptability and taste-aroma scores. While higher pH and lower titration acidity were determined in rosemary-added cheese samples, the lowest free fatty acid (ADV) levels were determined in the mint-added cheese sample. Rosemary-added cheeses had higher hardness and a more even microstructure, while the highest sensory scores were obstained for cheeses that included Turkish Oregano and mint. In conclusion, the present study findings demonstrated that the short shelf life of Mozzarella cheese could be extended with the addition of various plants due to their effects on pH, acidity and free fatty acids.

СИСТЕМАТИЗАЦИЯ НОРМ О ПРИМИРИТЕЛЬНЫХ ПРОЦЕДУРАХ И ЕЕ ОСНОВНЫЕ ПАРАМЕТРЫ (по Федеральному закону от 26 июля 2019 г. № 197-ФЗ)

СИСТЕМАТИЗАЦИЯ НОРМ О ПРИМИРИТЕЛЬНЫХ ПРОЦЕДУРАХ И ЕЕ ОСНОВНЫЕ ПАРАМЕТРЫ (по Федеральному закону от 26 июля 2019 г. № 197-ФЗ)

Evaluation of Eight Essential Oils for Postharvest Control of Aspergillus carbonarius in Grapes

A range of fungal species are associated with postharvest spoilage of grapes. However, Aspergillus carbonarius is the primary fungus responsible for the contamination of grapes with ochratoxin A, a mycotoxin causing several confirmed negative health effects in humans and animals. Aiming to find a method, safe for consumers, to prevent postharvest decay and ochratoxin A contamination of grapes, the potential use of essential oils as preservatives was investigated. Essential oils of Origanum dictamnus (dittany), Origanum onites (oregano), Origanum microphyllum (marjoram), Thymbra capitata (thyme), Satureja thymbra (savory), Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary), Laurus nobilis (laurel), and Salvia officinalis (sage) were tested. The essential oil components were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. A first evaluation of the effectiveness of essential oils was performed in vitro at a range of concentrations up to 300 μL L-1. Based on the results of the in vitro tests, the four most effective essential oils (O. dictamnus, O. onites, T. capitata, and S. thymbra) were tested on Sultana grapes during postharvest storage. The four essential oils tested, which had carvacrol and/or thymol as a common component, at a high concentration significantly reduced or even inhibited growth of the fungus in all treatments. As revealed from the results, the essential oils of O. dictamnus, O. onites, and S. thymbra were the most effective, causing total inhibition of the growth of the fungus with a minimum concentration of 100 μL L-1, followed by the essential oil of T. capitata, which showed total effectiveness with a minimum concentration of 200 μL L-1. Although essential oils of O. microphyllum, L. nobilis, S. officinalis, and R. officinalis had a significant effect on the growth of A. carbonarius, they failed to inhibit its growth at any of the concentrations tested.

Identification of ontogenetic and diurnal variability in oregano (Origanum onites L.)

Ontogenetic and diurnal variabilities in İzmir thyme (Origanum onites L.), an important essential oil and spice plant of Lamiaceae (Labiatae) family, were determined in this study. Experiments were conducted in randomized blocks - factorial experimental design with 3 replications. Two harvests were performed. Plants were harvested at different hours of a day (09:00, 13:00, 17:00) and in different growth periods (beginning of budding, beginning of flowering, 50% flowering and 100% flowering). Plant height, fresh herbage yield, drug herbage yield, fresh leaf yield, drug leaf yield, essential oil ratio and essential oil yield parameters were investigated. High essential oil ratios were obtained from the plants harvested at morning hours. Essential oil ratios varied between 2.11 - 4.41%. The greatest essential oil ratio was obtained from the plants harvested in morning hours of the beginning of budding period of the second harvests. Fresh herbage yields varied between 222.45 - 714.63 kg/da with the greatest value from the plants harvested in the beginning of flowering period of the second harvests. Drug herbage yields varied between 64.30 - 256.74 kg/da with the greatest value from the plants harvested in the beginning of flowering period of the second harvests.

GLOBAL EDUCATION POLICY ON ASSESSMENT AND ITS APPLICATION IN INDONESIA

Replacing the standardized National Test, the new policy of the Indonesian Ministry for Education and Culture introduces a Minimum Competency Assessment. It looks good on paper but show potential weakness. A dominant theme in this assessment policy announcement so far has been related to its “survey” type of assessment, which clearly follow the global education policy, like PIA, TIMSS and NAPLAN. The assessment will completely change the assessment practices in Indonesia. Moreover, this assessment system will affect all elementary and high-school students, while the international survey, like PISA test, are proposed for certain target groups, for example elementary students, notably for 15-year olds, and notfor high-school students.The paper outlines the content of the new policy and its weaknesses. Particular attention is paid to the implied result based on international „policy borrowing‟ and the extent to which the system might be unable to incorporate these features. The possibleimpact of such an assessment system on teaching in schools is also considered, along with the role teachers might play in carrying out the assessment. Finally, a recommendation for assessing students in the Indonesian context, based on Finnish education system is proposed.

Gum arabic and collagen hydrolysate extracted from hide fleshing wastes as novel wall materials for microencapsulation of Origanum onites L. essential oil through complex coacervation.

Renewable resource-based biodegradable materials attract more attention than petroleum-based biodegradable materials to support the sustainable development of ecology. Obtaining collagen hydrolysate (CH) from hide fleshing wastes of leather industry is an environmentally friendly way to develop multifunctional materials that can contribute to technological advances in different industries. In this study, 2:1, 1:1, and 1 2 ratios of gum arabic (GA) and CH extracted from hide fleshing waste were used as wall materials to encapsulate Origanum onites L. essential oil (OOEO) using the complex coacervation method. The encapsulation yield and efficiency, functional group composition, particle size, morphology, and thermal stability of the obtained OOEO microcapsules were characterized. The results showed that the obtained microcapsules had high encapsulation yield and efficiency, as well as good functional properties such as uniform morphology and low water activity. The best mass ratio for the biopolymers (GA:CH) was 1:1. Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed that OOEO microcapsule samples had a spherical shape. FTIR analysis was performed on obtained microcapsules, confirming the molecular interactions between GA and CH. These findings can be useful in designing an ideal wall material using GA and CH for microencapsulation of essential oils by the complex coacervation method.

Insecticidal effects of some essential oils against box tree moth (Cydalima perspectalis Walker (Lepidoptera: Crambidae))

The box tree moth Cydalima perspectalis (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) is one of the most alien insects found in the Buxus areas of Georgia and World. Many methods have been used to control this pest up to now. But, the problem is still going on. In this study, insecticidal effects of the essential oils obtained from plants Artemisia absinthium L., Seriphidium santonicum (L.) Sojak, Seriphidium spicigerum (K.Koch) Poljakov, Cuminum cyminum L., Mentha pulegium L., Origanum majorana L., Origanum onites L., Origanum syriacum L., Origanum vulgare L., and Satureja hortensis L. on C.perspectalis were tested in laboratory conditions. In this context, larvae of the 2nd and 5th instars of C.perspectalis were exposed to essential oils at doses of 10, 15 and 20 μl/petri for 24, 48, 72 and 96 h. All of the essential oils used in the study caused mortality at different rates; the highest effect on 2nd and 5th instar larvae of C.perspectalis was obtained with the essential oil from O.onites with a mortality rate of 80.0–71.6%. The oils from O. onites (73.3–65.0%), O.syriacum (73.3–63.3%), O.majorana (71.6–66.6%), A.absinthium (68.3–61.6%), S.santonicum (68.3–60.0%), S.spicigerum (66.6–60.0%), S.hortensis (66.6–61.1%), C.cyminum (58.3–53.3%) and M.pulegium (51.6–45.0%) followed this in this order. As a results of the dose effect tests conducted in the second part of the study, the most toxic plant essential oils were determined to be from O.vulgare and the lowest toxic effect from M.pulegium based on LD50 and LD90. The results obtained show that the essential oils from O.vulgare can be used in the control against C.perspectalis.

IMPACT OF SMART PHONE USAGE ON SLEEP, MELATONIN AND ITS CORRELATION WITH ANXIETY AND DEPRRESSION IN FIRST YEAR MEDICAL STUDENTS

Significant increase in the smart phone use had been associated with various effect on the health. Various theories have proposed for sleep, circadian rhythm disturbances and studies have shown effect on melatonin levels and mental health. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of smart phone on sleep time, sleep duration and serum melatonin levels. To determine academic and non-academic usage and its correlation with academic performance. Effect of smart phone usage on the mental health i.e. anxiety and depression in young adult first year medical students. Sample size was 100 , 3 were absent. A brief questionaries’ was asked to all the study group regarding usage of mobile phone and sleep hours in night. 9 A.M Morning fasting blood samples were taken and serum melatonin was estimated by ELISA kit. Hamilton’s anxiety scale and Hamilton’s depression scale was applied to the study group. Study had shown the smart phone usage was having an impact on sleep. Study have shown late bedtime, long sleep duration in the students with high user group. This may be result of sleep displacement and circadian rhythm disturbances. Low levels of melatonin in high users as compared to low users, which may be due to exposure EMF leading to circadian rhythm disturbance. The academic and the non- academic usage was significantly high in high users, but with no significant difference in the academic performance. High academic usage of smart phone may lead to better academic performance despite of late bedtime. Non-academic usage of smart phone may cause emotional arousal leading to anxiety. Anxiety and depression score was high in high users group, but the difference was not statistically significant. But it is not clearly understood whether the smart usage is responsible for anxiety and depression or anxiety and depression causes high smart phone usage. Smartphones affect the academic lives of the undergraduate medical students. This study can conclude with the fact that using smartphones made an impact on students both positively and negatively. KEYWORDS: - Smart phone, sleep, Melatonin, Anxiety, Depression

Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Origanum onites extract and investigation of their antioxidant activity

The current study was designed for green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Origanum onites extract and evaluation of their antioxidant activity. Origanum onites was extracted with hexane and methanol sequentially and methanol extract was used for synthesis of the AgNPs. The structure of silver nanoparticles was elucidated by UV-Vis, FTIR, XRD, and SEM analyses. Antioxidant activity of AgNPs and extract was carried out using DPPH, ABTS and reducing power assays. The absorption peak at 450 nm in UV-Vis spectrum confirmed the establishment of AgNPs. SEM analysis identified the formation of spherical-shaped nanoparticles with the average size of 54.2 nm. FTIR analysis displayed the possible content of secondary metabolites in silver nanoparticles of crude extract. XRD study displayed the crystalline nature of AgNPs. The AgNPs revealed the significant ABTS•+ scavenging effect (IC50, µg/mL, 5.16 ± 0.07) compared to standard, BHT (IC50, µg/mL, 7.03 ± 0.19). The AgNPs revealed the better activity than the methanol extract. The best activity of extract was observed in ABTS•+ assay (IC50, µg/mL, 6.24 ± 0.04). Due to the importance of O. onites in the pharmacy and food industry, the green synthesized silver nanoparticles could be valuable materials in the bio-medicinal field.

Bioactive properties of hydroalcoholic extract from Origanum onites L. as affected by glycerol incorporation.

In the current study, the effect of glycerol -as a green solvent- addition into solvent mixture (50:50 ethanol:distilled water), on some biofunctional properties of Origanum onites L. was investigated. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to detect the optimum conditions for the extraction process. Three variables namely glycerol concentration (X1: 1–9 g), extraction temperature (X2: 25–75 °C) and time (X3:10–30 min) were selected and also total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, antioxidant capacity and antiradical activity of O. onites extracts were determined. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that glycerol incorporation significantly increased the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity (p < 0.05) of the samples. Maximum levels to obtain the highest bioactive properties (highest total phenolic content and antioxidant activity) were determined as to be 9 g of glycerol addition for the extraction conditions as 45.4 °C and 75 min. This study reports the effect of glycerol on bioactive properties of O. onites and suggests that glycerol can be used to produce hydroalcoholic extracts having higher bioactivity from Origanum genus.

The role of oregano herb and its derivatives as immunomodulators in fish

AbstractThe motivation behind this article is to give point‐by‐point data about the beneficial applications of oregano feed supplement in fish diets as immunomodulators, antioxidant, antiviral, antifungal and antiparasitic. Use of this plant as feed additive plays an important role in the fish diet when compared to other synthetic feed additives. Oregano is rich in phytochemical compounds including carvacrol and thymol in addition to other phenolic compounds with antioxidant and immune‐enhancing activities. Origanum vulgare extract improved the immunological responses and enhanced non‐specific immunity. Also, non‐specific immunity and the lysosomal activity were significantly increased in rainbow trout fed diet enriched with 3.0 mL essential oil of Origanum onites L kg−1 diet for 60 days. Furthermore, non‐specific immune stimulant, antioxidant and nitric oxide activities were improved due to O. vulgare oil supplementation. In some recent studies, Origanum heracleoticum L essential oil as a growth enhancer increased the antioxidant status. In rainbow trout, the hepatic levels of antioxidant enzymes and the total antioxidant capacity increased by feeding diet enriched with 6 and 10 g kg−1 diet of O. vulgare extract. Therefore, the addition of oregano and/or derivatives as a dietary supplement in fish diet may promote growth and enhance the immunity and health of fish and this will be useful for nutritionists, physiologists and veterinarians.

A STUDY ON AIRBAGS AND ITS IMPORTANCE

A STUDY ON AIRBAGS AND ITS IMPORTANCE

A REVIEW ON CUBOSOMES AND IT'S APPLICATIONS

A REVIEW ON CUBOSOMES AND IT'S APPLICATIONS

NONTHERMAL PLASMA: A REVIEW ON ITS PROSPECTS ON FOOD PROCESSING

Bringing plasma into food processing is a relatively new measure for food engineer and scientist. It is simple in generation, low energy requirement, high efficacy, and easy to apply, pave its way to be a new prospective scenario in processing more safety food recently. Plasma is the fourth matter after solid, liquid and gas contain various reactive species generated by electrical discharge from 10-120kV. Those are Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen (RONS) comprising various reactive species including nitric oxide (NO), superoxide (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2); singlet oxygen (1O2); ozone (O3) and even hydroxyl radical (-OH) which can and do play important roles in biological systems. This brief review describes plasma interaction with the biological system and pesticides compound and sums up some finding on the nonthermal application on two main consideration of food safety namely microorganisms decontamination and pesticides residue degradation.

R-KKM THEOREMS ON L-CONVEX SPACES AND ITS APPLICATIONS

In this paper, we introduce the generalized R − KKM mapping and the new class RψN − KKM(X, Y ), and we get some fixed point theorems, matching theorems, coincidence theorems, and minimax inequalities on L-convex spaces.

A REVIEW ON MARINE ALGAE AND ITS APPLICATIONS

The ocean is the major essential source of structurally unique natural products that are mainly present in living organisms. The essential products extracted from marine microbes and marine algae are highly analyzed areas in instinctive product research. Marine algae are the novel food with potential nutritional values used for multiple purposes in industry and medicine. They show pharmacological activities which are helpful for the invention of bioactive compounds. Furthermore, marine algae have shown to provide an abundant source of natural bioactive compounds with antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antifungal, hypolipidemic, antioxidant, anti-hypercholesterolemia, antibacterial, and antineoplastic properties. They produce new secondary metabolites that possess biological activities and have the potential to be developed as therapeutic agents. Macroalgal lectins, fucoidans, kainoids, and other substances have been routinely used in the research of biomedical and also have biological activities. The potential pharmaceutical, medicinal, and research applications of these compounds are discussed.