Orientation Perspective Research Articles

Teams in pursuit of radical innovation: A goal orientation perspective

Existing theoretical models of team innovation emphasize internal team processes and external conditions that facilitate or hinder innovation, but these models tend to be more suited for incremental than for radical innovation. Teams developing radical innovations face greater uncertainty and risk of failure and often encounter unanticipated challenges that require the concerted efforts of the team as a whole to move the project forward rather than face termination. Drawing on state goal orientation theory, we analyze the motivational drivers that position teams to effectively deal with such challenges. We propose a novel approach for managing team motivational states that involves adapting team goal preferences at key points in the innovation process in order to achieve radical innovation success. We advance a model highlighting teams' ability to dynamically shift shared goal orientations to meet acute “shocks” that disrupt regular team activities and threaten the survival of the innovation project. We i...

PROFESSIONAL ORIENTATION OF STUDENTS IN THE CONTEXT OF SCIENTIFIC AND EDUCATIONAL CLUSTER (EXPERIENCE OF TATARSTAN REPUBLIC)

Цель: раскрыть основные проблемы, тенденции и перспективы профессиональной ориентации учащейся молодежи в условиях научно-­образовательного кластера. Материалы и методы: для раскрытия цели исследования использовался кластерный подход. Методы исследования: теоретические – анализ и синтез, сравнение, обобщение; эмпирические – изучение передового опыта Республики Татарстан. Результаты: раскрыт опыт Республики Татарстан по профессиональной ориентации молодежи на примере нефтехимического кластера в г. Нижнекамске, приводятся наиболее значимые проекты, проводимые в рамках инновационной кадровой политики республики: создание ресурсных центров, чемпионат WorldSkills Russia, «Инженерный фестиваль», Молодежный проф­ ориентационный форум «PROFдвижение» и т.д., рассмотрена реализация программы профессиональной ориентации учащейся молодежи в нефтехимическом кластере. Заключение: таким образом, при использование ресурсов научно-образовательного кластера и при реализация кластерного подхода возможен новый подход к осуществлению профориентационной работы в регионе, с учетом потребностей регионального рынка труда.

The relationship between microstructure, crystallographic orientation, and fracture behavior in a high strength ferrous alloy

The study described here focuses on toughening and crack-arrest mechanism in a 560 MPa microalloyed pipeline strip steel processed by combination of thermo-mechanical controlled processing and ultra-fast cooling (TMCP-UFC) and compared with the strip processed at low cooling rate and high cooling interrupt temperature (TMCP-LC). Furthermore, delamination mechanisms involved in drop weight tear test (DWTT) were also studied from the perspective of microstructure, crystallographic orientation, and stress field ahead of the crack. The TMCP-UFC processed strip was primarily composed of acicular ferrite (AF), bainitic ferrite (BF), and small-sized martensite/austenite (M/A) constituent, and the microstructure was homogeneous across the thickness. While the TMCP-LC processed strip mainly consisted of quasi-polygonal ferrite (QPF), degenerate pearlite (DP), and small fraction of BF. The TMCP-UFC processed strip exhibited excellent low-temperature toughness with upper shelf energy (USE) of ∼302 J and transition temperature (TT) of ∼−75 °C in relation to TMCP-LC processed strip with USE of ∼273 J and TT of ∼−30 °C. Significant consumption of crack-propagation energy during ductile fracture and smaller effective grain size of ∼2.4 μm were responsible for higher USE and lower TT of TMCP-UFC processed strip compared to TMCP-LC processed strip with effective grain size of ∼4.0 μm. The smaller effective grain size with respect to TMCP-UFC processed strip contributed to excellent crack-arrest property by deflecting the propagated crack. In the TMPC-UFC processed strip, delamination occurred along the crystallographic cleavage plane of {001} under plane strain condition at mid-thickness. In contrast, besides delamination mechanism along the cleavage plane, delamination also occurred along the macro-segregation band under plane strain condition at mid-thickness in the TMCP-LC processed strip, which led to severe delamination.

"Born Frees", Negotiating the Terrain towards Selfhood and Wellness: A Life Orientation Perspective.

This study was contextualised within the Life Orientation subject of ‘Self in Society’. It acknowledges that the present time is uniquely significant in South African history as the generation of youth leaving school are now considered ‘born frees’. This generation is considered to be free from the first-hand trauma that was experienced in the past; they supposedly live in a society free from the shackles of apartheid, and enjoy equality and human rights that affect their entire well-being. ‘Born frees’, it appears, are still negotiating the journey towards a new identity and freedom. The sample size was nine Grade 11 female learners who attend an urban school in Gauteng Province. The school was purposefully chosen because it had a good track record of class attendance and the learners are proficient in English. Questions revolved around the multiple aspects of self and well-being in society. Focus group sessions were held after which six of the learners completed a questionnaire with open-ended questions based on the sub-topics. All ethical considerations were observed. Findings revealed that these youths are in fact traversing a far more complex political, social, psychological, spiritual and economic landscape than that captured in the phrase ‘born frees’.

Recovery practice in community mental health teams: national survey.

BackgroundThere is consensus about the importance of ‘recovery’ in mental health services, but the link between recovery orientation of mental health teams and personal recovery of individuals has been underresearched.AimsTo investigate differences in team leader, clinician and service user perspectives of recovery orientation of community adult mental health teams in England.MethodIn six English mental health National Health Service (NHS) trusts, randomly chosen community adult mental health teams were surveyed. A random sample of ten patients, one team leader and a convenience sample of five clinicians were surveyed from each team. All respondents rated the recovery orientation of their team using parallel versions of the Recovery Self Assessment (RSA). In addition, service users also rated their own personal recovery using the Questionnaire about Processes of Recovery (QPR).ResultsTeam leaders (n = 22) rated recovery orientation higher than clinicians (n = 109) or patients (n = 120) (Wald(2) = 7.0, P = 0.03), and both NHS trust and team type influenced RSA ratings. Patient-rated recovery orientation was a predictor of personal recovery (b = 0.58, 95% CI 0.31–0.85, P<0.001). Team leaders and clinicians with experience of mental illness (39%) or supporting a family member or friend with mental illness (76%) did not differ in their RSA ratings from other team leaders or clinicians.ConclusionsCompared with team leaders, frontline clinicians and service users have less positive views on recovery orientation. Increasing recovery orientation may support personal recovery.

A Historiography of the Mosque: Reconciling a Renaissance of Spirituality in the Material Forms of Islamic Architecture

The simplicity and austerity of the first Masjid or Mosque in Islam contrasted with the wide array, diversity and occasional grandeur of Mosque forms. A review of the historiography of the mosque often generates a stereotype view of the ‘archetypical’ form of domes and arches. What is missing is a discourse as to what constitutes a more spiritually-linked framework linking Islam to the formative ideas and eventual compositions of mosques in the modern world. The present diversity of the Islamic world including cultures in the Far East and the Western world necessitates a rethinking of what fundamentally constitutes the spiritual basis of space in Masjid. A historical and critical view of the mosque as a global type-form should be reviewed rather than the persistent hold of its Arab-Islamic origins in driving the notion of archetypes in Mosque design. The history of mosque was contrived from the Oriental perspectives and historical writings of the Islamic civilisation on architecture. As part and parcel of the reconciliation of the fundamentals of Islam in the field of architecture, this discourse aims to uncover common principles that can embrace the increasing diversity and dialectic of the ummah. The discourse attempts a re-look into how the spiritual ethos of Islam can be brought into a formal discourse of mosque architecture. It is hoped that if such forms can be read as the physical materialisation of inherent values of Islam, then it can account for the historical and formal evolution of mosque architecture throughout the world. In this sense, more fundamental principles can embrace its diversity and tolerance that has been its hallmark of Islam since its expansion outside the Arabian Peninsula. The study reviewed selected mosques of the globe including the mosques from the Malay Archipelago region or the Nusantara. The study hopes to reflect certain intentions and predisposition that linked ultimately to spirituality, identity and a certain monumentality needed in reading the multiple variations of the universal type-form Mosque, as the house of Allah.

Understanding a High School Physics Teacher’s Pedagogical Content Knowledge of Argumentation

Scientific argumentation is an important learning objective in science education. It is also an effective instructional approach to constructivist science learning. The implementation of argumentation in school settings requires science teachers, who are pivotal agents of transforming classroom practices, to develop sophisticated knowledge of argumentation. However, there is a lack of understanding about science teachers’ knowledge of argumentation, especially the dialogic meaning of argumentation. In this case study, we closely examine a high school physics teacher’s argumentation-related pedagogic content knowledge (PCK) in the context of dialogic argumentation. We synthesize the teacher’s performed PCK from his argumentation practices and narrated PCK from his reflection on the argumentation practices, from which we summarize his PCK of argumentation from the perspectives of orientation, instructional strategies, students, curriculum, and assessment. Finally, we describe the teacher’s perception and adaption of argumentation in his class. We also identity the barriers to argumentation implementation in this particular case and suggest solutions to overcome these barriers.

An Exploratory Study to Measure Excessive Involvement in Multitasking Interaction with Smart Devices.

This study developed a scale measuring excessive involvement in multitasking interaction with smart devices. An online questionnaire was designed and surveyed in a sample of 380 respondents. The sample was split into two groups for exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, respectively. A four-factor structure was identified with an acceptable goodness of fit. The first two factors, "Obsession and neglect" and "Problematic control," described the obsessive feelings, neglect behaviors, and behavior control problems accompanied by excessive multitasking interaction with smart devices. The latter two factors, "Multitasking preference" and "Polychronic orientation," referred to multitaskers' preference of engaging in multiple media use or interaction tasks rather than a single task from the time orientation perspective. The four-factor structure indicates that excessive involvement in multitasking interaction with smart devices shares some similarities with other behavioral addiction types, but demonstrates uniqueness compared with excessive engagement in single media use.

Effects of proactive personality, openness to experience, Future time perspective, protean career orientation on future career design

The Purpose of this study is to analyze psychological factors which be able to have an effect on Future career design. In our study, Future career design is consisted of Career planning, Career development, and Active-ageing. Based on personality-beliefs-behavior model, proactive personality and openness to experience are selected. as personality traits that have an effect on Future career design. Protean career orientation and Career future time perspective which are belief variables are chosen as mediation factors between two personalities and Future career design. In order to demonstrate mediation effects of beliefs factors, between Future career design and personalities, multi mediation analysis is used. Followings are results of analysis of data for 203 baby boomers having a jobs. First, protean career orientation, future time perspective, career future time perspective have full mediation effects, between two personalities and career plan. Second, protean career orientation and career future time perspective have partial mediation effects, between two personalities and career development. Third, between proactive personality and active ageing intention, future time perspective and career future time perspective have partial mediation effects. On the other hand, between openness to experience and active ageing intention, there are full mediation effects of 3 belief factors. As a result, our study demonstrate effects of personality factors and mediating factors of 3 beliefs for Future career designs. Our research also suggests that career management behavior be organized by personality-belief-behavior model. Lastly, this study suggests importance of psychological traits in career design for aged baby boomers.

Managing criticisms in US-based and Taiwan-based reality talent contests

This research studied how English and Chinese speakers encode their criticisms in the media discourse, aiming to explore the correlation between the speakers’ applications of pragmalinguistic strategies and their sociocultural orientations. Criticisms analyzed in the present study were collected from evaluative communications elicited from the US-based talent competitionProject Runwayand the Taiwan-based talent competitionSuper Designer. The current analysis of the face attack act referred to Brown and Levinson’s politeness framework and face notion. The results showed different frequencies of criticizing strategies and redressive devices in the English and Chinese sub-corpora. In addition, the findings also manifested some cross-language variations in pragmalinguistic representation of the same criticizing strategy. The discrepancies were discussed from the perspective of context orientation of the American and Taiwanese societies, evidencing the strong linkage between the speakers’ communication patterns and the cultural norms of their social networks.

The ‘Institutions-Individual’ Conceptual Nexus as a Basis of Alternative Economic Methodologies

Abstract This paper discusses issues of methodological basis of contemporary economic theory, from the perspective of rival research orientations and their conceptual sensitization to the role and impacts of institutional structures. In this regard, the paper presents methodological individualism, research support of economic orthodoxy, based on a consistent interpretation of all social phenomena as outcomes of individual choice. It is shown that even in its most rigid versions this approach has to take to a certain degree into account the social interactions that go beyond the individualist framework. The opposing research orientation, methodological holism, gives explanatory primacy to (different) social collective entities and structures, characteristics of which are autonomous in nature and essential for the explanation of the individual as an entity of a lower order, whose individual properties are not significant. Both approaches are subjected to reductionist tendencies - whether explanations of the socioeconomic reality are individual or culturally over-determined. Integrating institutions in consideration of socioeconomic reality has repercussions on the mentioned methodological dichotomy, given that in conceptual terms it has the potential to bridge the extremely individualistic or collectivist methodological positions. Awareness of the impact of institutions on the socioeconomic reality has produced distinctive methodological orientations. Institutional individualism considers institutions as exogenous mechanism whose explanation is at the service of shedding light on the behaviour of the individuals as the main actors of social dynamics, and in that sense this approach can be considered as a milder variant of methodological individualism. The institutionalist extension of methodological holism, methodological institutionalism, understands individual acting as a product of an integrated institutional framework, whose dynamics takes place independently of the individuals, according to its own regularities. Some kind of balance between the aforementioned orientations is offered by methodological systemism, which affirms the dual nature of the actors of social dynamics - as both product of units of a lower order, but also as entities with autonomous, emergent properties. The contextualisation of relations between institutions and individuals in accordance with a system perspective may be a suitable way, with more tuned reality, theoretical valuation and overcoming differences between opponent methodological traditions.

Multi-perspective horizon research on the teaching of art design in application-oriented institutes

In the era of knowledge, the trans-boundary integration of knowledge is booming. New knowledge, new information and new application are continuously produced. However, it is more likely to see that existing developed theories and technologies will be replaced, marginalized or even eliminated. Therefore, application-oriented institutes must break the original teaching mode of simple courses and then employ new multi-perspective horizon course teaching method. From the perspective of the education orientation and objec-tive of art design in application-oriented institutes, this paper compares the multi-perspective horizon teaching and the interdisciplinary teaching. It proposes the teaching strategies of multi-perspective horizon teaching about art design in application-oriented institutes, as well as the professional skills needed during teaching of special-ized courses.

Challenging norms: University students’ views on heteronormativity as a matter of diversity and inclusion in initial teacher education

Diversity, as seen in this article from a sexual orientation perspective, is currently an emerging topic on many levels in Europe. This article sets out to examine how future teachers and educators articulate that very aspect of diversity; normative ideas about sexuality that tend to oppress and that are related to educational settings. The understanding of how future educators engage in this topic is a key factor for future work promoting the inclusion of lesbian, gay, transgender, intersex and queer (LGBTIQ) people in schools and enriching school life for all. This supports establishing a positive climate, which ultimately helps students to thrive in a democratic environment (Lerner & Boyd, 2013). This is a challenge on all levels of the educational system: policy- and governance-wise as well as on the level of institutions and individuals.

Service innovation and new product performance: The influence of market-linking capabilities and market turbulence

Service innovation is a significant factor in maintaining a firm׳s competitive advantage in an increasingly service-centered economy. Although there is a rich body of research on the role of service innovation in value creation for firms, little attention has been paid to the effect of service innovation on new product development. This study advances the research on service innovation and market-fit capabilities by examining how a service-based firm׳s market-linking capabilities and market turbulence shape the relationship between service innovation and new product performance. The study offers a theoretical framework that integrates both the resource-based and market orientation perspectives of service innovation to investigate innovative service practices and activities that occur in contemporary service-based firms. Using an original dataset of 170 service-based firms from a service-centered economy, the study demonstrates that the combination of high market-linking capabilities and high market turbulence strengthens new product development performance. The empirical results further show that new product performance is highest in situations involving high levels of service innovation, market-linking, and market turbulence; thus, the findings support the proposed three-way interaction among these variables. Overall, these findings contribute to a better understanding of the contexts in which service innovation represents an invisible specific asset or resource for service-based firms.

Transportation Issues: Perspectives of Orientation and Mobility Providers

Introduction This is an exploratory study of orientation and mobility (O&amp;M) providers’ perceptions of transportation issues for persons who are blind or have low vision. Transportation challenges, particularly regarding employment, are examined, the role of O&amp;M providers are explored, and strategies to address these barriers are suggested. Methods Six O&amp;M providers volunteered to participate in a focus group conducted at a national conference. Transcripts of their remarks were coded and themes associated with the research questions were identified and reported. Results Limitations of public transportation and the cost of transportation were viewed as major barriers to accessing transportation, particularly regarding employment, but safety issues and stress associated with transportation were also concerns. Involvement of O&amp;M providers in securing transportation varied; most were not directly involved in the process. Most visually impaired persons received instruction in the use of fixed-route transportation systems during O&amp;M instruction regardless of availability. Discussion Living in areas with accessible public transportation, self-advocacy, and using bioptics to drive should be explored as they may be helpful in overcoming transportation barriers. People who are visually impaired are not routinely engaged in dialogue with O&amp;M providers about the strategies needed to identify and negotiate the transportation options available to them. Implications for practitioners Engaging visually impaired people in discussions that focus on problem-solving skills, such as how to negotiate rides or find a driver, may be helpful to them in overcoming transportation barriers. Further research to determine who should be responsible for facilitating these conversations is warranted, as well as research regarding drivers’ attitudes about liability and the impact of bioptics on rehabilitation outcomes. Vision rehabilitation counselors may need training about how to screen consumers for referral for potential use of bioptics to enable driving.

Developing the capability of marketing intelligence

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to help firms to create competitiveness by developing marketing capabilities. It analyzes how the component and architectural competences affect and enhance market orientation and firm performance.Design/methodology/approach– Built on the theories of organizational capability, knowledge creation, and market orientation, this research develops the contents of marketing capabilities, including component and architectural competences that contribute to marketing capability by responding to external changes, and analyzes their influence on market orientation and firm performance.Findings– The study reveals the following effective marketing capabilities which benefit to marketing performance. First, hiring and retaining employees with higher professional, local, and specific knowledge. Second, firms with higher tacit knowledge enhance market orientation. Third, arranging employees into teamwork to implement marketing tasks. Fourth, assigning employees into small-scale experiments on creative proposals. Fifth, standardizing procedures of generation, dissemination, and response of marketing intelligence. Sixth, providing written market information and training programs to non-marketing staff. Seventh, appropriately delegating to staff. Eighth, establishing apprenticeship among the staff to deliver experiential know-how.Research limitations/implications– From a dynamic capability perspective, this research construct the two kinds of marketing competences and examine their effect on market orientation and firm performance. For further understanding the complementary effects of marketing capabilities, market orientation, and synergistic performance, a larger sample data (e.g. product, market share, sales, characteristics of staff, firm, and knowledge, etc.) and objective evaluation are encouraged. Otherwise, from the viewpoint of agency theory, the incentive system should also be discussed.Practical implications– This research has potentially significant implications for knowledge management and marketing management fields as well as managerial practice. The results suggest the importance of marketing capability for market orientation and firm performance.Originality/value– Marketing resources and marketing capabilities are significant drivers of firm performance, and their impact is greater when they are complementary to each other. This study takes the perspectives of organizational capabilities and market orientation to find out the factors which contribute to marketing capability and performance. This study provides practitioners with a framework for analyzing marketing capabilities as an object of improving firm performance by creating market orientation. Furthermore, this research empirically introduced strategic specific competence (tacit knowledge and autonomy) into the model and tests their effect of market orientation and firm performance.

Studying the Phenomenon of Competitive Advantage and Differentiation: Market and Entrepreneurial Orientation Perspective

The purpose of this paper is to identify and explain how market orientation and entrepreneurial orientation helps a firm in effectively differentiating its product or service offerings in relation to its industry rivals. The discussion in the paper has been done from various perspectives in the light of relevant past and modern researches while keeping the focus towards explaining how market orientation and entrepreneurial orientation practices of a firm allow it to achieve a competitive advantage in the industry by effectively differentiating its products. Market orientation has been discussed as an important antecedent to product differentiation and innovation which lead to greater competitiveness and superior performance in the industry. The findings suggest that market orientation and entrepreneurial orientation have a direct positive relationship with a firm’s ability to properly differentiate its offerings against its competitors. They help a firm in analyzing its customers’ needs, competitors’ strategies, and changing market conditions; reducing preference uncertainty, and understanding the consequences and associated risks with the late strategic moves and product differentiation strategies.

Customers’ Attribution of Blame in Chain Store Settings: The Perspectives of Relationship Orientation

In this study, we used chain store settings to confirm pseudorelationships (brand or branch relationship orientations) and to investigate customers’ attribution of blame. We devised 6 scenarios to measure customers’ attribution of blame: when customers are satisfied with transactions, when service personnel cause dissatisfactory transactions, and when products yield dissatisfactory transactions in industries with both branch-oriented relationships (i.e., hair salons) and brand-oriented relationships (i.e., supermarkets). The results showed that customers’ attribution of blame varies slightly with different relationship orientations and transaction scenarios. To whom customers attribute blame must be understood to effectively mitigate service failures.

Older rehabilitees’ life-course agency in Finnish gerontological rehabilitation

Aims: This study investigates gerontological rehabilitation sessions of Finnish rehabilitees in the framework of life-course agency from the perspectives of temporal orientation and agency. Methods: The research data were obtained by non-participatory observation in 11 individual goal-setting sessions between 11 rehabilitees and their personal counsellors. The data were analysed in accordance with data-driven, qualitative content and narrative analysis, with an emphasis on the life-course agency approach. Results: Four temporal orientations of older rehabilitees were identified in the rehabilitation sessions: (i) timeless, (ii) past, (iii) present, and (iv) life course. For each temporal orientation, the rehabilitees displayed different kinds of agency. Fractured agency was intertwined with the timeless orientation, frozen agency was related to the past orientation, practical agency to the present orientation, and transitional agency emerged in relation to the life-course orientation. Conclusions: The article contributes to the discussion of how older adults’ rehabilitation should be reformed within the Finnish context. The study suggests that a person-centred gerontological rehabilitation process should be conceptualized in terms of an agency-based approach with a personally constructed and temporally embedded life-course perspective. This kind of conceptualizing could promote empowered cooperation and innovative interventions with flexible schedules in the rehabilitation processes of older adults.

The Comparison of Conflict Management Style Between Malaysian and Thai Employees: A Case Study in Top Glove Corporation

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to review the relationship between entrepreneurial orientations, social factors and internship program toward entrepreneurial intentions of students from different business school/universities in Indonesia.Design/Methodology/Approach – Primarily, a critical review of a range of published literature in the period of 1983-2013 addressing the theoretical and practical aspects of entrepreneurial orientations, social factors, internship program and entrepreneurial intention of the university student in Indonesia. Extent literature on the relationship among them is also reviewed to show whether there is a lack of research adopting the perspective of entrepreneurial orientations, social factors, internship program and entrepreneurial intention.Findings – The outcomes of this paper indicate that the supporting theories relating to entrepreneurial orientation in Indonesia are considered very less. It is due to the fact that only a few studies in Indonesia adopt this theory. Generally, the related studies about entrepreneurial intention of university student does not refer to the aspect of capability, willingness or braveness in taking a risk, whereas, the willingness to take the risk is a substantial capability to be an entrepreneur. Besides, the implementation of internship program in Indonesia is considered not effective in shaping entrepreneurial spirit among university student. It can be seen from the fact that from a hundred of businesses funded by internship program, there are only 2 % of businesses are able to survive until now. While, others become discouraged and do not want to continue. The low level of entrepreneurial intention in Indonesia is also due to a large number of business graduate students tends to be a job seeker instead of job creator. It is also revealed that there is a lack of empirical studies focusing on the influence of internship program toward student's intention to become an entrepreneur, even though most of internship studies regularly discuss about the weakness of this program itself.Research limitation – This paper only review the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation, social support, internship program and entrepreneurial intention of Indonesian university students, majoring in business management.Practical Implication – The finding of this paper suggests that there is a need for the Indonesian government, universities as well as policy makers to formulate strategic plan relating to the development of internship program itself in term of providing better program, human resource and facilities. In addition, there is a need to conduct a further research to provide an empirical relationship between the above variables.Originality/value – This paper measures entrepreneurial orientation, social support and internship program toward the entrepreneurial intention of university students in Indonesia where the previous researches mostly used the self-efficacy factor for the antecedent variable.