Psychological Orientation Research Articles

Abstract P1102: Profile Characteristics of the Population Assisted in the 2018 Less Pressure Campaign of the Brazilian Hypertension Society

The Brazilian Society of Hypertension (BSH) yearly conducts the National Campaign to promote and encourage the cardiovascular health of the population. Objective: To characterize the profile of the population assisted in the “ Less Pressure Campaign ” in 2018. Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study based on the campaign MMM with the general public of the São Paulo city Brazil in May. The campaign comprised multi-professional interventions made by five workshops: 1)blood pressure(BP)measurement with automatic devices; 2)exercise guidelines; 3)anthropometry, i.e., measurement of weight, height, and abdominal circumference (AC) and calculation of body mass index (BMI); 4)nutritional guidance; and 5)psychological orientation. Data analysis was in accordance with the VII BSH Guidelines, which considered values ≥140mmHg for systolic BP (SBP) and ≥90 mmHg for diastolic BP (DBP) as altered. Results: A total of 1184 individuals were assisted; of these, 49% (580) were men and 51%(604) were women. The mean age was 53.5±15 years, the total participants, 51% (627) declared they were normotensive, 32% (380) stated they were hypertensive and 15,3% (182) do not know if you have hypertension. The BP of 31% (380) of the individuals was altered compared with normotensive (627) as follows: SBP146.9±14mmHg vs SBP 115.8±12; DBP 90.9±10mmHg vs 76.1±8, and heart rate 78.9±14 vs of 79.2±12, respectively between hypertensive, normotensive individuals. The anthropometric data of the participants with altered BP compared with normotensive population were the following: weight was statistically significant (p=0,0407) 77±15kg vs 71.9±18Kg; BMI was statistically significant (p=0,0007) 27.5±14Kg/m2 vs 21.9±22Kg/m2; and AC was statistically significant (p=0,0000) 98.5±11 vs 96.4±11cm respectively between hypertensive and normotensive individuals. When analyzing the association between sex and hypertension, it was identified that 48.9% (186) hypertensive were female and 51% (194) were male, when the association was assessed no statistical difference was found (p=0.0658) between sex and hypertension. Conclusions: The study points to the need for investment in educational and awareness actions to promote better control of the hypertensive population

FORMING OF RESPONSIBILITY IN TEENS EDUCATED IN INSTITUTIONAL TUTELAGE

The article presents results of theoretical analysis of the responsibility forming in teens educated in institutional tutelage. Actuality of studying the responsibility problem lies in the fact that this age period is critical to the development of responsibility. Grievous or negative attitudes towards social values and own duties, lack of conscience, cause personal problems in teenagers, are the cause and consequence of deviant and delinquent behavior, educational problems. Situation in the family and immediate environment make a great influence of a child’s responsibility forming. In this regard, the problem of forming responsibility in teens without parental care or who require special conditions of education because of their physical or mental characteristics is particularly relevant. The essence of the concept of "responsibility" has been analyzed. Responsibility is an integrative personal quality that reflects a personality's moral and psychological orientation, his or her active and creative attitude of life, ability for deeds and the willingness to be responsible for the consequences of own actions. The criteria of acceptance of responsibility by a person have been considered: consistency of necessity with desires and needs of a person (acquisition of the obligation of the personal sense); personal realization of the necessary by his or her own forces, independently and in accordance with the requirements imposed to himself or herself. Psychological features of the development of responsibility in adolescence have been determined. In adolescence, responsibility is manifested in behavior, co-operation of a pupil with a teacher and classmates. Responsibility is linked to the leading motives of adolescence – a sense of adulthood, the need to communicate with peers and trust in adults, the desire for self-discovery, self-change, experimentation, searching for the meaning of personal life, orientation to one's conscience, one's future and one's ideal. Promising directions of further researches concern the empirical study of the specific of the formation of responsibility in teens educated in institutional tutelage.

The bloom is (slightly) off the rose: the motherhood effect on psychological functioning in successive pregnancies

Objective: To examine the maternal psychological state during the course of two successive pregnancies.Methods: The sample consisted of 73 women drawn from a larger maternal–fetal cohort that participated during two pregnancies. Women completed self-report psychological questionnaires at 24, 30, and 36 weeks gestation to index maternal depressive symptoms, trait anxiety, and pregnancy hassles and uplifts. Analyses examined stability of maternal symptoms across successive pregnancies in the same women.Results: Antenatal symptoms of depression and anxiety exhibited strong intra-individual stability between successive pregnancies. Mean differences in maternal symptoms were not detected for either at 24, 30, or 36 weeks gestation, excepting elevated anxiety symptoms at the mid-point due to greater fluctuation in maternal anxiety during the prior pregnancy. Subsequent pregnancies were associated with less intense uplifting feelings about the pregnancy on each measurement occasion.Conclusions: Findings suggest marked consistency in maternal psychological orientation across subsequent pregnancies, though parity also plays a role in the maternal experience.

Positive Psychological Factors-the Origin of “Ecological” Education

The guiding ideas of our “ecological” education should have a turning transformation, that is, endowing “ecological” education with new contents and higher goal with the orientation of positive psychology. in the visual field of “ecological” education, it is suggested that strengthening ecological education should inject positive psychological factors into it, in the new mode of education, active teachers, students and classroom need to stimulate students' interest in learning, respect for students' unique personality, and inspire students with an appreciative view, eventually forming a positive educational concept to achieve the goal for the growth of physical and mental health, and it should, under the guidance of new ideas of education, regard the positive psychological factors as the breakthrough point of enhancing the “ecological” education development of professional courses so as to cultivate positive emotion, positive learning behavior, harmonious and healthy people.

A Food Secure New Zealand

Currently not all New Zealand citizens are able to access sufficient food to meet their dietary needs for an active healthy life. Taking a community psychology orientation broadens the focus beyond individual experiences of insufficient food to the wider social context, including the reorganizing of resources in a more equitable manner. Based on our research we recommend a Universal Fresh Food Supply as a bold and innovative solution to food insecurity that is congruent with both community psychology values and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 2: Zero hunger.

Moral orientations in psychology: contrasting theoretical perspectives

BackgroundThe relational development systems (RDS) metamodel embodies a newly recognized scientific paradigm that stands in contrast to the nature-nurture split. It suggests that the bidirectional relationship between an organism and its environment must be the central focus of scientific inquiry.Main bodyRDS theorists suggest scientists have a moral obligation to benefit human kind. However, the potential for interventions that appear efficacious to simultaneously instigate an undesirable outcome suggests that moral clarity might not always exist in scientific practice. Contrasting RDS perspectives with life history theory highlights a pertaining disparity in approaches.ConclusionWhile the RDS metamodel posits many premises necessary to contemporary research, it may not yet be pragmatic to impose moral obligation on the sciences.

Neoliberal Ideology and the Justification of Inequality in Capitalist Societies: Why Social and Economic Dimensions of Ideology Are Intertwined

AbstractIn this article we analyze data from high‐quality surveys conducted in the United States and the United Kingdom that included multiple symbolic and operational measures of political ideology and psychological orientations. Our overarching goal is to elucidate the nature of conceptual and empirical connections between neoliberalism and social conservatism. In so doing, we revisit three major questions about public opinion in neoliberal societies: (1) Are ordinary citizens “innocent” of ideology? (2) Are social and economic dimensions of ideology structurally and functionally independent? (3) Are support for laissez‐faire capitalism and opposition to welfare—hallmarks of neoliberal ideology—unrelated or negatively related to authoritarianism? In contrast to previous investigations relying upon fewer and poorer measures, we found that ordinary citizens do indeed hold coherent political attitudes, and their attitudes about social and economic issues are closely aligned. For instance, we observed that for five previously published ideological instruments, social and economic attitudes were robustly correlated in two large U.S. samples (withrs ranging from .40 to .69)—for respondents who were relatively low (.31 ≤r≤ .60) as well as high in political sophistication (.50 ≤r≤ .77). Contradicting prior claims, we found no evidence that support for the free market was negatively associated with authoritarianism for any group of respondents or any measure of authoritarianism. On the contrary, economic conservatism and the endorsement of neoliberal attitudes were strongly associated with right‐wing authoritarianism, social dominance orientation, economic system justification, and gender‐specific system justification (withrs ranging from .53 to .76). We conclude that the political belief systems of ordinary citizens are coherently organized around support for versus opposition tobothsocial and economic forms of inequality in contemporary capitalist societies.

The accidental environmentalists: Factors affecting farmers’ adoption of pro-environmental activities in England and Ontario

Based on semi-structured interviews with 54 distinct actors in the UK and Canada, we identify a range of internal psychological orientations that are common (albeit to varying degrees) in both case study regions that, when taken together, provide a lens through which on-farm decisions relating to pro-environmental behaviours are internally analysed and subsequently operationalised. We label these orientations as Production, Business, Environmental, Lifestyle, and Farm Health. Through these orientations, we find farmers are often becoming ‘accidental environmentalists’ by undertaking many pro-environmental activities for non-environmental reasons. Prominent examples include adopting environmentally beneficial on-farm decisions to support field sports (i.e. shooting), pursuing production improvements with environmental spin-offs (e.g. cover crops, beneficial pollinators), or seeking improvements to personal or family health and well-being (e.g. reduced use of chemicals). This analysis therefore highlights the importance of not oversimplifying farmer motivations along a dualistic profit-seeking v stewardship divide when it comes to understanding environmental behaviour.

Halal Tourism Destination Development Model

The development of halal tourism needs an advancement, considering its vast market potential in Indonesia in the midst of readiness issues. The purpose of this study was to analyze the psychological orientation: perceptions, motivations, and preferences of stakeholders in developing halal tourism destinations. In addition, to formulate a development model for halal tourism destinations in Indonesia. The population in this study comprised of tourists; tourism business owners; as well as the officials taking charge in halal tourist destinations, and halal tourism products and brands. Data collection of existing conditions was conducted in regard to halal tourism product offerings. Afterward, the assessment of various potential halal tourism resources in Indonesia was carried out through a scoring system. The results of this study showed that the gradual development of halal tourism destinations has main priority in the development of halal food & beverages at the level of 0.49; the availability of places of worship at the level of 0.34; the availability of recreational facilities for different gender at the level of 0.090; and the atmosphere of Islam at the level of 0.068. The right tourism development model begins with the classification of tourism with an Islamic approach, namely: Level 1 - Conventional Tourism, Level 2 - Muslim Friendly Tourism, Level 3 - Muslim Religious Tourism and Level 4 - Halal Tourism. The optimization model developed in this study is expected to be beneficial for governments, practitioners, and academicians in designing halal tourism development policies, as well as other institutions that have particular interest to halal tourism expansion in Indonesia.

The Origins of the Stalingrad Victory: Psychological Aspect

Introduction. The article points out the need for a special study of psychological aspects of the reasons for the victory of the Red Army at Stalingrad, which for a long time remained undervalued due to the traditional attention of researchers paid to the role of ideological factors. These aspects are revealed in the process of radical change in the moods of soldiers and commanders of the Red Army in the period between the issuance of Order No. 227 in July 1942 and the formation of new urban combat tactics in the winter of 1942-1943. The author notes the need to evaluate measures of command and practices of soldiers’ and commanders’ behaviour in war, taking into account the achievements of modern psychology. Methods. The author presents a methodological scheme for analysing the process of changing moods, the transition from confusion and panic to the formation of readiness for active defence and attack. Its elements include studying adaptation to the everyday difficulties of war, interpersonal trust and rational organization of various aspects of life in war as prerequisites for a psychological break in the moods of soldiers and commanders. Analysis and results. The article emphasizes the role of formation of self-organization and liberation of personal initiative of soldiers as one of the manifestations of positive psychological changes. These changes are conceptualized in a new understanding of courage. Along with the ‘courage of self-sacrifice’ characteristic of archaic culture and traditional society, the ‘courage of self-affirmation’, which is rooted in the values of the Renaissance and the early modern period and focused on success in military confrontation and preservation of the lives of soldiers and commanders, arises and spreads. The emergence and spread of new psychological attitudes and orientations during the Stalingrad battle can be assessed as the beginning of moral and psychological break in the Red Army, the beginning of the formation of the ‘psychology of victory’ as a powerful mobilizing factor.

Bringing Organizations Back In: Multilevel Feedback Effects on Individual Civic Inclusion

Policy feedback scholarship has focused on how laws and their implementation affect either organizations (e.g., their resources, priorities, political opportunities, or incentive structures) or individuals (e.g., their civic skills and resources or their psychological orientations toward the state). However, in practice the distinction between organizations and individuals is not clear‐cut: Organizations interpret policy for individuals, and individuals experience policy through organizations. Thus, scholars have argued for a multi‐level model of feedback effects illuminating how policies operating at the organizational level reverberate at the individual level. In this theory‐building article, we push this insight by examining how public policy influences nonprofit organizations’ role in the civic life of beneficiaries. We identify five roles that nonprofit organizations play. For each role, we draw on existing research to identify policy mechanisms that either enlarge or diminish nonprofits’ capacity to facilitate individual incorporation and engagement. From these examples, we derive cross‐cutting hypotheses concerning how different categories of citizens may need policy to operate differently to enhance their civic influence; whether policy that is “delivered” through nonprofits may dampen citizens’ relationship with the state; and how the civic boost provided by policy may be influenced by the degree of latitude conferred on recipient organizations.

Adolescents’ Personality Traits and Positive Psychological Orientations: Relations with Emotional Distress and Life Satisfaction Mediated by School Connectedness

Contemporary models emphasize linkages between malleable positive psychological orientations and enhanced quality of life. As such, it is important to consider if these positive orientations provide unique explanatory power beyond the long-established relations between quality of life and within-person, less malleable personality traits. This study contributed to the literature by examining the relations among adolescents’ personality traits, positive psychology orientations, and self-reported quality of life indicators. These relations were further examined by considering the mediating effects of the important contextual influences of school connectedness. Self-report responses of 1867 California high school students to an 88-item schoolwide online survey that included the Big Five Inventory-10 (Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness to Experience, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness), the Social Emotional Health Survey-Secondary (Belief in Self, Belief in Others, Emotional Competence, and Engaged Living), the School Connectedness Scale, the Brief Multidimensional Life Satisfaction Scale, and the Social Emotional Distress Scale-Secondary were used to examine relations. Stepwise multiple regression analyses showed that after controlling for demographic variables (Block 1: sex, grade, and ethnicity) the personality traits (Block 2) were, as expected, significantly associated with life satisfaction and emotional distress. Supporting study hypotheses, the inclusion of positive psychological orientations (Block 3) explained significantly more variance of students’ life satisfaction (△R2 = 26%) and emotional distress (△R2 = 5%). Mediation analyses using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) found that only positive psychological orientations had significant indirect relations with quality of life through school connectedness. Implications and future research and practice are discussed.

Place Names Are the True Record of Social and Historical Activities

The place names reflect the historical footprints of human beings and write the history of human beings. It is the fossil of language and records the development and changes of human society and the features of the times. Place names are not only a social language phenomenon, but also a social and cultural phenomenon, which contains rich and profound cultural content. Through the living fossil of place-name, people can not only investigate the history of national migration, but also perspective major national events, look for clues about national economic development, visit the national war, and reveal the characteristics of national natural culture. This thesis adopts the combination of field investigation and literature reading, expounding the topic of real history of social historical activities from the aspects of residents migration, historical events, economic development, military disputes and natural transportation geography, and draws a basic conclusion--the place name is not only a representation of social history, cultural mentality and psychological orientation, but also a special linguistic and cultural product of human society. It develops and develops with the emergence of human society. Without human society, would be no so-called place names.

Практико-ориентированный подход к типологии школьной дизадаптации

The article provides a generalized overview of the directions and forms of adaptation disorders to schooling. This subject is currently highly relevant due to the modern integration of the interests of psychology, pedagogy, physiology and medicine, and has modern practical orientation of scientific psychology in this area. A significant problem is the unification of the methodological approach to the identification of types of school maladjustment. On the basis of the results of leading research presented in modern foreign literature, an attempt is made to classify areas and forms of school maladjustment. The types of violations by the leading maladaptive factor, by the forms and duration of their manifestation are identified. This typology may be useful to scholars and practitioners of various directions in the methodological plan for the analysis of school maladjustment.

Психология религии в России: на пути к самоопределению

The author outlines his concept of the historical development of psychology of religion in Russia and articulates the current tasks of this scientific field. He focuses on the recent formation of topical areas and methodological orientations in Russian psychology of religion and the processes of self-identification and consolidation of researchers that have launched as well. Two following two theses are put forward: the history of psychology of religion in Russia is (1) more determined by external factors than by internal ones and 2) is more relevant to the history of religious studies than to psychology. The historically conditioned and varying “scientific attitude toward religion” is proposed as a criterion for the periodization of the historical development of psychology of religion in Russia. According to this criterion, three developmental stages are distinguished: 1) Psychologization of religion (from 1860—1870 to 1918 — early 1920s); 2) Ideological struggle against religion (from the 1920s to 1991); 3) Dialogue with religion (from 1990 to the present). The author argues that now the fundamental historical task for Russian psychology of religion is to constitute its own identity within the Russian academic community, and, subsequently, in the world science. In addition, the particular tasks are formulated: to differentiate the psychology of religion from Christian psychology; to formulate consistent research programs; to make an inventory of productive ideas and concepts in Russian psychology in order to apply them to contemporary studies of the religious mind; to overcome isolation and to join the international scientific discourse; to design the public request for research in the psychology of religion; to continue further consolidation of Russian psychologists of religion; to promote the psychology of religion within the psychological academic community in Russia.

Value dmiensions of sociocultural human existence

Relevance of research. The article investigates the values of sociocultural life of a person in the context of the characteristics of the formation of systems of subjective-personal meanings, analyzes the parameters of psychological, mental and cultural integrity of a person in the conditions of functioning of modern processes of socio-cultural reality. Setting objectives. The research emphasizes that sociocultural reality leads to the effect of cultural factors - values and values-semantic landmarks as carriers of the content of human existence, factors of semantic content of individual consciousness and social practice of human life. Analysis of recent research and publications. The source of the research identifies the works of philosophical and culturological and philosophical and psychological orientation, in which the problem of the value measurement of the socio-cultural life of is considered in aspects of understanding the nature of the value-and-meaning search of a person. Selection of unexplored parts of the general problem. The study focuses on the problem of intrapersonal development of a person with philosophical and cultural positions: the phenomenon of harmonization of the inner world of is presented as a factor in ordering the system of relations man - the world, the relationship of social nature. Methodology. The culturological plane of the study is covered with the help of methods of sociocultural and reflexive analysis within the framework of a value-ethical paradigm. Essential material. The article analyzes the value of the sociocultural life of a person, which is conditioned by the dialectical unity of the mental and axiological systems of the individual capable of synergetic self-organization and self-regulation, within which the new meanings and structures of the value hierarchy arise and develop, and which forms the basis of the expansion and modification of the forms, processes, phenomena of socio-cultural existence of a modern person. Conclusions. The work makes a generalization that the value-semantic personality positions lead to the development of important personal qualities, features, opportunities, contributing to the emergence of modern trajectories of the course of individual and collective life, the functioning of the world of everyday life

Exploring suppliers’ perceptions and approaches toward codes of conduct: behind the scenes at Indian apparel export firms

ABSTRACTTo address labour issues with apparel suppliers, many multinational enterprises adopted codes of conduct (CoC) policies. However, lack of contextualisation in CoC implementation has challenged their effectiveness. This study explored how apparel export firms perceive, and implement CoCs within the Indian apparel industry. Fifteen semi-structured in-depth interviews of factory managers were conducted. The frameworks of divergent and convergent thinking that represented human response to a problem, and the top-down and bottom-up policy approaches toward CoC implementation were used. Six themes surfaced from the analysis. Respondents with convergent thinking viewed CoC as a rulebook given to them by the executives or government to achieve minimum standard goals, while divergent thinkers perceived CoC as a growth plan set by multiple stakeholders, focused on improving labour standards and worker benefits. Findings of this study demonstrate how CoC implementation approaches vary depending on the psychological orientation of company management.

An attributive component of the condition of people with the diagnosis of “Ischemic heart disease. Effort angina”

Objective:The article is devoted to the study of attributive components of people diagnosed with Ischemic heart disease. Effort angina. The results of empirical studies of the attributive process are discussed in the article. Now more and more researchers, both domestic and foreign, are beginning to consider attribution as one of the principles of human existence. Attributive processes initially began to be developed in line with the cognitive orientation of social psychology. Currently, they are actively considered in the framework of the psychology of social cognition.Method:We conducted a study on 24 subjects with an average cholesterol level of 7.426 mmol / l (concomitant diseases - hypertension, diabetes, obesity, metabolic syndrome), who underwent treatment in the Central City Clinical Hospital in the rehabilitation department with the diagnosis of Ischemic Heart Disease. Effort Angina. Initially, we conducted the survey of subjects in order to identify their subjective judgment about the cause of the disease. They were asked a question: “In your opinion, what is the cause of your heart disease?”Results:The results of the survey conducted testify that only a small percentage of the subjects believe that they could exert any influence on their health and, for example, to reduce environmental or biological factors. One would assume that such results may be a specific demonstration of the fact that an individual gains experience that it is precisely human health that is difficult to correct and change and simply does not solve it due to the complexity of the problem. However, data obtained in the course of other experiments and studies [19] show that a person is inclined to explain what is happening by circumstances or situational causes, rather than personal ones. The results obtained with the help of T. Dembo’s cognitive self-assessment technique indicate that women believe that they actually have much less physical exertion and their daily routine is more correct than people who are close to them, in their opinion, think about it. We can assume that introjects are more often peculiar to women than men that are related to housekeeping, which sometimes requires considerable physical activity and time. When a woman has to, at the insistence of a doctor, reduce her physical activity and somehow comply with the daily regimen, she feels discomfort because of which she believes that she “does nothing at all”, although her relatives continue to persuade her to have a rest. Here it is appropriate, in our opinion, to raise the problem of accepting oneself and, as a sequence, to take adequate care of oneself. Significant differences in the self-attributive and reflexive components were also discovered in the emotional sphere of the female subjects. In their opinion, they experience low intensity of negative emotions, such as fear and anger, but at the same time they believe that their close relatives radically disagree. This situation can be explained either by the fact that they assume that they have negative emotions more strongly than they would like (and what they admit to this in the study), or they are judged by the words of relatives who can also make their judgments by interpreting the facts with varying degrees of adequacy.Conclusion:In conclusion, it should be noted that during the analysis we encountered at least two facts that require further empirical research. Firstly, we identified three types of explanations (attributions) in the subjects’ answers: adverbial, subjective and personal, and the latter type of causal attribution is not expressed clearly in the subjects of the study. This poses new questions: does a particular type of situation contribute to this perception, or are there any other factors (including personal ones) playing the role here. Secondly, the following questions arise: how exactly does a subject choose only one alternative from a variety of explanatory reasons. All these questions will be understood as a part of our further research.

Sociosexuality, testosterone, and life history status: prospective associations and longitudinal changes among men in Cebu, Philippines

Abstract Sociosexuality is defined as an individual's interest in uncommitted sexual activity and can be measured in terms of both psychological orientations and behavioral expression. In socio-ecological contexts in which adults monogamously partner and cooperate to raise children, individuals with unrestricted sociosexuality are likely to prioritize mating/competition over committed partnering and parenting. Given the importance of mother-father cooperation in the evolutionary past, humans may have the capacity to facultatively and opportunistically downregulate sociosexuality to focus on priorities related to invested partnering and parenting. To date, no prior studies have used longitudinal data to track within-individuals changes in sociosexuality as it relates to such life history transitions. Given the lack of prior longitudinal research in this area, it is likewise unknown what physiological mechanisms might mediate within-individual changes in sociosexuality through time but testosterone is a plausible candidate. To explore these questions, we drew on a large, long-running study of Filipino men (n = 288), who were single non-fathers at 25.9 years of age and were followed up 4–5 years later. We found that men with more unrestricted sociosexuality at baseline were more likely to experience relationship dissolution by follow-up, consistent with past work. Compared to men who remained single non-fathers at follow-up, men who became married residential fathers showed shifts towards more restricted global sociosexuality as well as sociosexual behavior. Relative to their own baseline values, married residential fathers also had more restricted sociosexuality in all domains at follow-up. They were the only group for whom this was found. We found theoretically-consistent but modest support for positive correlations between men's testosterone and their sociosexuality, but no evidence that the two change in tandem together through time. Our results suggest that some amount of between-individual differences in sociosexuality are not stable and can facultatively shift alongside other aspects of male reproductive effort.

To lead or to be liked: When prestige-oriented leaders prioritize popularity over performance.

Leaders often are faced with making difficult decisions for their group, such as when a course of action preferred by group members conflicts with one that is likely to optimize group success. Across 5 experiments (N = 1110), we provide evidence that a psychological orientation toward prestige (but not dominance) causes leaders to adhere publicly to group members' desires at the expense of group task outcomes-to prioritize popularity over performance. Experiments 1-3 demonstrated that, in private, prestige-oriented leaders chose what they saw as best for group performance but that, in public, they chose whichever option was preferred by members of their group. In private, prestige-oriented leaders' tendency to choose the performance-enhancing option was mediated by group performance motives; in public, their adherence to group preferences was mediated by social approval motives. Experiments 4 and 5 advanced the investigation by using experimental manipulations to prime an orientation toward prestige. Findings replicated those from the earlier studies: participants primed with a prestige orientation prioritized popularity over performance. Results illuminate the conditions under which "good" leaders might make poor decisions. (PsycINFO Database Record