Orientation Scale Research Articles

Achievement motivation and mental health among medical postgraduates: the chain mediating effect of self-esteem and perceived stress.

Medical postgraduates generally experience high levels of depression and anxiety. Previous studies have investigated the impact of various achievement motivations on depression/anxiety among medical students. This study focused on self-esteem and perceived stress, examining the internal mechanisms through which achievement motivation affects depression/anxiety. 530 medical postgraduate students (66.04% female and 33.96% male) were administered the Achievement Goal Orientation Scale, Self-Esteem Scale, Perceived Stress Scale, and Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale. Results indicated that: (1) mastery-approach goals were negatively correlated with depression/anxiety; mastery-avoidance goals were positively correlated with depression/anxiety; performance-avoidance goals positively predicted depression/anxiety; (2) self-esteem mediated the relationship between achievement motivation and depression/anxiety; (3) perceived stress played a mediating role in the relationship between achievement motivation and depression/anxiety; (4) self-esteem and perceived stress played a chain mediating role in the relationship between achievement motivation and depression/anxiety; (5) there was no significant linear correlation between mastery-approach goals and depression/anxiety. Although this study employed a cross-sectional design and self-report scales, both of which have certain limitations, the findings still hold significant theoretical and practical implications. The research reveals a mediating pathway between achievement goals and mental health, offering new insights into mental health education for medical graduate students.

The Role of Academic Motivation in Self-Regulation, Goal Orientation, and Passion Among Medical Students with Self-Handicapping Behaviors

Background: Self-handicapping behaviors, characterized by creating obstacles or excuses to avoid failure, can hinder academic success. Understanding how academic motivation mediates the relationship between self-handicapping behaviors and academic performance is crucial for supporting medical students. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the relationships between academic self-regulation, goal orientation, passion, and self-handicapping behaviors among medical students, with academic motivation as a potential mediator. Methods: The present study employed a descriptive, correlational approach to examine the relationships between variables within a structural equation modeling (SEM) framework. The population consisted of all undergraduate medical students with self-handicapping behaviors at Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences in 2022. The sample comprised 204 medical students selected using purposive sampling, who completed the Academic Passion Scale, Goal Orientation Scale, Academic Self-Regulation Scale, and Academic Motivation Scale. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the model with AMOS 24. Results: The SEM analysis revealed that the proposed model had a good fit to the data (CFI = 0.96, RMSEA = 0.05). The results further demonstrated that goal orientation directly enhanced students' academic passion, while academic self-regulation did not have a direct impact. However, strong self-regulation indirectly increased passion by fostering academic motivation (P < 0.001). Similarly, goal orientation also worked indirectly through motivation to enhance academic passion (P < 0.05). Conclusions: This study underscores the importance of goal setting and academic motivation in fostering academic passion among medical students with self-handicapping behaviors. While academic self-regulation strategies may not directly translate to academic passion, they can contribute indirectly by fostering academic motivation. Educators and practitioners can promote academic passion and address self-handicapping behaviors in medical students by encouraging goal orientation, academic motivation, self-regulation, and providing support for overcoming challenges.

Sportspersonship orientation in the training process of young football players in different training contexts.

Football plays a fundamental role in the lives of the boys and girls who play it and it can become an invaluable educational instrument. However, for introduction to football to be truly educational, it needs to be carefully planned and guided; otherwise, it may encourage negative and undesirable behaviour from a moral and ethical point of view. That way, many authors claim that a careful and deliberate initiation to football is necessary for the promotion of sportspersonship to become a reality. The goal of this research is to analyse the evolution of sportspersonship orientation in the social sports football schools of Fundación Real Madrid and in association football clubs. For this purpose, the Multidimensional Sportspersonship Orientations Scale is used. The research involves 1509 male and female youth football players aged between 8 and 16 years (M = 10.9±2.2), of whom 952 belong to the social sports football schools of the Fundación Real Madrid and 547 to association football clubs. The most outstanding results show that the players of the social sports schools of Fundación Real Madrid obtain high values in sportspersonship orientation. Moreover, these values remain high in all categories, while they show a significant decrease in players from association football clubs. The social sports model of Fundación Real Madrid can contribute to maintaining high levels of sportspersonship orientation throughout the player's training process.

A Scale to Measure the Level of Management Orientation of the Members of Farmer Producer Company with Reference to Potato Production in Assam, India

In the absence of a suitable scale to measure the management orientation of potato growers in relation to potato planning, potato production and potato marketing in Assam, there was a need to construct a management orientation scale. Therefore, effort was made to construct a scale to measure the level of management orientation of the members of the Farmer Producer Company with reference to potato production in Assam. A scale was developed with Likert’s summated rating technique. A list of 90 statements resulted after edition of 110 statements as per the fourteen criteria suggested by Thurstone and Chave. Statements were sent to 80 extension specialist working in various field of Assam Agricultural University for the critical evaluation of statements on a 3 point continuum. Based on the responses received from 60 out of 80 judges, the relevancy percentage (RP), Relevancy Weightage (RW) and Mean Relevancy Scores (MRS) were estimated. 74 items with RP > 60, RW > 0.60 and overall MRS > 2.0 were considered for item analysis. These items were administrated to 40 farmers for item analysis and items with ‘t’ value equal or greater than 1.75 were selected and those with ‘t’ value below 1.75 were rejected. Out of 74 statements, 30 statements were retained on the final scale through t-test item analysis. Thus, the instrument developed to measure the level of management orientation of the members of farmer producer company with reference to potato production in Assam consists of 20 positive and 10 negative statements. The dependability coefficient was determined using Rulon's formula and it was 0.8994. As a result, the developed scale was proven to be highly reliable. The scale developed to measure the level of management orientation of the members of Farmer Producer Company with reference to potato production in Assam is found to be reliable and can be utilized by researchers in similar studies. This scale will be very advantageous and convenient for researchers to examine the management orientation of potato growers in relation to potato planning, potato production and potato marketing.

AN EXAMINATION OF SOCIAL DOMINANCE ORIENTATION OF GENERATION Z LIVING IN TURKEY ACCORDING TO DIFFERENT VARIABLES

In this study, the social dominance orientations of the generation Z were examined according to different variables (gender identity, view of socio-economic class, occupation field, identity attitudes, purposive and instrumental values). The research sample consists of 640 individuals aged between 19-25 and living in different regions of Turkey. Socio-demographic Information Form, Social Dominance Orientation Scale, Identity Attitudes Scale and Rokearch Values Inventory were applied to the participants within the scope of the research. The results of the study show that the social dominance orientations differ significantly between the gender identities. In addition, social dominance orientation differs significantly according to occupation field. There were positive or negative correlations between social dominance orientation and some of the purposive and instrumental values. In addition, social dominance orientation predicts gender identity, education, and income status assessment.

Entrepreneurship orientation toward adoption of Metaverse: An MSME entrepreneur perspective

Metaverse will be a game-changer for micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in the coming years. Despite its benefits, the entrepreneur's orientation and perception of its usefulness play an essential role in determining its adoption and usage. This study examines the behavioral factors influencing MSMEs’ decisions to integrate Metaverse into their businesses. Additionally, this study investigates MSME entrepreneurs’ perceptions of this new technology and determines the influence of these perceptions on Metaverse adoption. Using the five-dimensional entrepreneurship orientation scale (FDEOS) and parts of the Technology Adoption Model (TAM) as the primary constructs, a survey was conducted among 384 MSMEs. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the direct effects of FDEOS and the mediating relationship between perceived usefulness and ease of use on the intention to adopt the Metaverse by these MSMEs. Findings reveal the critical dimensions of entrepreneurship orientation that would determine the adoption of the Metaverse. The mediating effects also have significant and interesting results. This study helps segment MSMEs based on their entrepreneur's orientation toward the Metaverse. Platform developers, strategists, and marketers would highly benefit from this study, which provides empirical evidence for MSME user adoption of Metaverse services.

The Relationship of Achievement Goal Orientations and 21st Century Skills Acquisition with the Entrepreneurship of Pre-Service Teachers.

Teachers' goal orientations and their adaptation to the 21st century determine many questions in teacher training and professional development. One of these aspects is entrepreneurship, such that the achievement goal orientations and 21st century skills of pre-service teachers have a positive role in entrepreneurship. The present study aimed to investigate the predictive role of the achievement goal orientations and 21st century skills of pre-service teachers in relation to entrepreneurship. To this end, a correlational design was conducted to analyze relationships between variables. The sample in the current study consisted of 282 pre-service teachers studying at a Faculty of Education in Anatolia Province, Turkey. The instruments were the Achievement Goal Orientations Scale, 21st Century Learning Skills Acquisition Scale, and The Scale of Entrepreneurship of College Students. The data obtained from these scales were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results showed that the structural model of the relationships between achievement goal orientations, 21st century skills, and entrepreneurship had an adequate goodness of fit, so that most of the achievement goal orientations and 21st century skills of pre-service teachers predicted either directly or indirectly their entrepreneurship skills. The conclusion was that entrepreneurial education activities related to teacher entrepreneurship can be planned by considering 21st century skills and achievement goal orientations in teacher education.

The mediating role of goal orientation in the relationship between formative assessment with academic engagement and procrastination in medical students

BackgroundAcademic involvement and academic procrastination are two behavioral variables and are among the challenges of higher education, especially medical education. The purpose of the current research is to investigate the mediating role of goal orientation in the relationship between formative assessment with academic engagement and procrastination in Iranian medical students.MethodsThe present correlational study of path way type, was performed on 388 students of Zanjan University of Medical Sciences in the 2021 selected by a convenient sampling method. Four questionnaires of Goal orientation scale )21-item), the classroom assessment approaches questionnaire (12-item), the Procrastination Assessment Scale– Students (44-item) and the student engagement scale (10-item) were used to collect data. The data were analyzed with SPSS-26 and LISREL-10.2 software.ResultsThe results of the path analysis showed formative assessment have significant direct effect on mastery orientation (β = 0.40), performance-approach (β = 0.14), avoidance orientation (β = -0.28), academic engagement (β = 0.32) and academic procrastination (β = 0.12). Also mastery orientation (β = 0.13), performance-approach (β = 0.12), avoidance orientation (β = -0.25) have a significant direct effect in the variance of academic engagement. As well mastery orientation (β = -0.43), performance-approach (β = -0.15), avoidance orientation (β = 0.30) have a significant direct effect in the variance of academic procrastination. These results confirm the direct hypotheses. Indirect effect of formative assessment to academic engagement (0.21) and academic procrastination (0.27) was significant.ConclusionIt is recommended according to the results practitioners provide the basis for promoting academic engagement and decrease academic procrastination through the application of formative assessment and Improve classroom goal orientation.

Toward inclusive and equitable LGBTIQ+ measurement: Assessing gender and sexual orientation measures and scale validity in national surveys across 21 countries

AbstractDespite growing global interest in lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, intersex, and queer/questioning (LGBTIQ+) research, variations in measurement practices across countries have remained underexplored. In this work, we focused on two fundamental aspects of measurement vital to understanding the experiences of LGBTIQ+ people. Specifically, we documented current measures of sex, gender, and sexual orientation used in national mental well‐being‐related surveys and reviewed whether the mental well‐being scales in those surveys have been validated for LGBTIQ+ people. We employed a stratified sampling strategy and evaluated national surveys from a list of randomly selected countries representing 10% of global nations (N = 21). Fewer than half of the countries measured sexual orientation and fewer than one‐third measured gender beyond the binary in their national surveys. Among the countries that measured gender or sexual orientation, the response options and question phrasing were often not inclusive. In addition, most of the mental well‐being scales lacked validity evidence for LGBTIQ+ populations. Finally, we outline recommendations for the future of reimagining LGBTIQ+ research in terms of measurement, highlighting the importance of research engagement with the global LGBTIQ+ community.

Ecological Dominance Orientation as a predictor of Wildlife Value Orientations and Support for Lethal Wildlife Management

While many environmental psychologists have relied on the Wildlife Value Orientations (WVOs) scale to understand the individual patterns in cognitions and behaviors related to wildlife, limits in scope constrain its application across other topics. Conversely, Ecological Dominance Orientation (EDO), defined as preference to maintain an anthropocentric arrangement between humans and the natural environment, has demonstrated applicability across a variety of contexts. Despite both constructs being applied in the field, the relationship between the two constructs remains understudied. We sought to understand the associations between EDO and WVO within the context of support for lethal control of deer within two communities located in Georgia, USA. Results suggest that EDO strongly predicted WVOs and had a strong, positive direct and indirect effect on support for lethal control. Future research centered on EDO may help bridge our understanding of individuals’ beliefs about wildlife and other parts of the natural world.

Teacher’s service-dominant orientation: scale development and validation

ABSTRACT The literature suggests that the co-creation of higher education value, from the perspective of the service-dominant logic (SDL), begins in the teaching-learning process, and the results of this process shape the entire ecosystem of higher education value for economic and social development. From this perspective, it is important to identify strategic tools that foster the co-creation of services and value during the teaching-learning process. As a contribution, this article presents the first proposal for a scale to measure teachers’ service-dominant orientation (SDO) in higher education. This proposal was operationalised using a literature review and qualitative and quantitative empirical approaches involving six stages and supported by three studies. Conceptualised as a portfolio of interaction capabilities that teachers can strategically develop to foster co-creation in higher education, the Teacher S-D Orientation scale is presented, made up of five capacities: individual interactions (four items), relational interactions (four items), ethical interactions (three items), empowered interactions (three items) and developmental interactions (four items). Considering that from the SDL perspective, the strength of the student-teacher relationship is a decisive factor in co-creation during the teaching-learning process, the external validation of the SDO scale was ensured, with the results suggesting that the teacher’s SDO has a significant impact on the relationship quality in higher education. The scale validation has implications for both marketing and educational literature. The article concludes with recommendations for teachers and management of higher education institutions.

Relationship between cultural diversity awareness and achievement motivation of medical students at the undergraduate level in Pakistan

This study investigates the relationship between cultural diversity awareness and achievement-oriented goals among undergraduate medical students at the university level. Utilizing the Achievement Motivation Model by McInerney et al. (2003) and the General Fulfillment Aims Orientation Scale (GAGOS), it examines mastery, performance, and social goals. Additionally, it incorporates Ennejar's (2021) cultural diversity awareness model to assess students' attitudes toward cultural diversity. Data were collected from 80 final-year MBBS students through a survey and analyzed using SPSS for descriptive and inferential statistics. Results show that students have a high level of cultural diversity awareness and recognize biases, supporting diverse voices and cultural differences. A significant positive correlation (r = 0.948, p < 0.05) between cultural diversity awareness and achievement motivation was found, although no significant differences were observed based on gender or age. These findings suggest that enhancing personal development, altruism, and social recognition may boost motivation and that diversity and inclusion programs are crucial for fostering environments that promote achievement motivation.

EXAMINING SPORTSPERSONSHIP ORIENTATIONS AND ANGER EXPRESSION STYLES OF STUDENTS PARTICIPATING IN THE FACULTY OF SPORTS SCIENCES PHYSICAL APTITUDE TEST

Background/aim: This study aimed to examine the correlation between sportspersonship orientations and anger expression styles of candidates to enter sports sciences faculties via physical aptitude test. In addition, the study also examined the effect of gender, athlete license, monthly income, and sports experience of the participants on sportspersonship orientation and anger expression styles. Materials and methods: To collect data, the Personal Information Form, the Multidimensional Sportspersonship Orientation Scale, and the Trait Anger and Anger Expression Styles Scales were utilized. The study sample included 324 students, 178 (54.9%) female and 146 (45.1%) males, who were candidates to enter the faculty of sports sciences. Data were analyzed using frequency, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, Pearson correlation analysis, t-test, and ANOVA analysis techniques. Results: The study's findings showed statistically significant results in the variables of monthly income and sportspersonship orientation history and an opposite relationship between sportspersonship orientation and anger expression styles. Conclusion: These concepts, examined in this study, are crucial factors that can significantly impact the participants' sporting lives and athletic performance, either positively or negatively.

The impact of social comparison orientation on malicious envy among high school students: The chain mediating role of avoidance goal orientation and negative rumination

The high school stage is a critical period for students to develop their perspectives on life and to form healthy relationships with others. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between social comparison orientation and malicious envy among high school students, as well as the mediating effects of avoidance goal orientation and negative rumination. A survey was conducted with 643 high school students, employing the Iowa-Netherlands Comparison Orientation Measure, the Avoidance Goal Orientation Scale, the Negative Rumination Scale, and the Malicious Envy Scale. The findings indicated that: (1) there is a significant positive association between social comparison orientation, avoidance goal orientation, negative rumination, and malicious envy; (2) social comparison orientation does not directly and significantly predict malicious envy among high school students when avoidance goal orientation and negative rumination are considered as mediating factors; (3) social comparison orientation indirectly affects the negative rumination of high school students through the independent and chain mediating effects of avoidance goal orientation and negative rumination. This research sheds light on the underlying mechanisms by which social comparison orientation influences malicious envy.

Membangun Inovasi di Era Digital: Pengaruh Pembelajaran Digital terhadap Perilaku Kerja Karyawan Magang melalui Kesiapan untuk Berubah

Technological developments have made the use of digital technology in everyday life, including the implementation of tasks in organizations, making competition for companies to innovate even tighter. Apprentices as prospective workers in the future are expected to have innovative work behavior so that innovation in the company becomes easier. This research aims to determine the influence of digital learning orientation on innovative work behavior which is mediated by readiness to change. Data were obtained with convinience sampling, from interns who live in Indonesia (N = 285). The participants have aged between 18-23 years (M =21. 35; SD =3.40). There are three measuring tools used in this research, the nine-item innovative work behavior scale, the fifteen-item digital learning orientation scale and the readiness for change scale consists of fourteen items. Analysis using Hayes' simple mediation analysis technique using PROCESS version 4.0. The research results show that readiness to change is partial mediated the influence of digital learning orientation on apprentices' innovative work behavior. This study can provide insights for interns to better prepare themselves for the challenges they will face when entering the workforce. Additionally, for educational institutions or campuses, the findings of this study can serve as a consideration in designing curricula that equip students to face these challenges.

GELO and GreX: A framework and dashboard to investigate technology competency and culture

Participation in 4th Industrial Revolution society is increasingly dependent upon competencies related to the use of digital technologies for a wide variety of purposes. A person’s competence in the use of digital technologies has implications for a wide variety of contexts and situations, including learning in physical as well as virtual spaces, career choices and employability, digital citizenship, cultural orientations and values, and even democracy (Erstad, 2010). This workshop will provide an overview of the Global Educational Learning Observatory (GELO) project and invite participants to experience a variety of self-assessment tools accessed through the customizable dashboard, the Global Readiness Explorer (GREx). The GELO project attempts to provide a framework for an international network of institutions utilizing data-driven evidence to inform evolving best practices for online and mobile learning. To achieve this, the project (i) assembles a nucleus of formal educational institutions, (ii) constructs the necessary tools to extend research on formal learning models, and (iii) reaches into the workplace as well as other more public spaces to integrate with informal learning settings. The primary source of data derives from a customizable dashboard, the Global Readiness Explorer (GREx), and the tools that can be implemented within it. These tools are designed to give individuals, organizations, and institutions the means to construct complex profiles that can be used to identify gaps in competency attainment and development. Through small group activities, participants will examine and discuss the various tool suites in the GREx including the digital learning competency profiler (DCP); the fully online learning community survey instrument (FOLCS); the Personal Cultural Orientation Scale (PCOS) and others. In this workshop, participants will choose a self-assessment instrument to participate in and then discuss their experience with a focus on improving the GREx tool suite for global use. In addition, participants will examine the GREx for use with their students as a component of determining readiness for moving into fully online learning environments. The workshop will conclude with an explanation of the global educational learning observatory (GELO), and participants will be invited to join this global research network.

The effect of loneliness on fear of aging: Mediated by social support

ABSTRACT The study aimed to examine the relationships between loneliness, perceived support and fear of old age, to determine how they differ according to some socio-demographic variables and of loneliness to reveal the mediating role of perceived social support in the effect on fear of old age. In the descriptive cross-sectional study conducted between November 2023 and January 2024, the Loneliness Orientation Scale (LOS), Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Scale (MSPSS) and Fear of Old Age Scale (FOS) were used. Correlational analysis was used in the analysis of data collected from 611 participants aged 18–65 with two-stage sampling, T-test and ANOVA were used in the comparison of means, and the Hayes’ PROCESS macro was used to determine the mediating role of perceived social support. Women, singles, young people, those with low education and income fear old age more. There is a positive correlation between loneliness and fear of aging, and a negative correlation between these two and perceived social support. As a result, perceived social support is a partial mediator in the effect of loneliness on fear of old age and it should be considered as an effective source in reducing fear of old age.

The Kink Orientation Scale: Developing and Validating a Measure of Kink Desire, Practice, and Identity

ABSTRACT Kink, often referred to as BDSM, is an important aspect of a sizable minority’s sexual desires, practices, and personal relationships, yet there are few ways to assess kink engagement in a holistic manner. This study aimed to develop the Kink Orientation Scale (KOS), a novel short tool for measuring different aspects of kink sexuality. In phase one, 27 items were created and included in the initial scale based on a literature review and focus groups with kinky and non-kinky individuals. In phase two, the KOS was administered to 200 university students. Exploratory Factor Analyses (EFA) were used to determine the factor structure and dimensionality of the KOS, and we retained 18 items in the scale and identified five factors. In phase three, the 18 item KOS was administered to a kink sample of 1025 participants as a form of validation. Confirmatory Factor Analyses also identified five factors with a strong overlap to the EFA. The five factors were: kink identity; kink community; kink paraphernalia; kink practices; and sexual communication. The kink sample also provided higher scores on the KOS compared with the non-kink sample. This study shows the potential utility of the KOS in measuring kink engagement holistically.

Do Fair Play Behaviors Reduce Aggression and Anger in Sport?

The sample group of the study, which examined the relationship between the fair play behaviors of student athletes and their levels of aggression and anger in sports, consisted of a total of 333 student athletes, 140 female and 193 male, studying at Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University Faculty of Sports Sciences in the 2021-2022 academic year. The aim of the study, in which both screening (descriptive) and correlational models were used, was to examine the relationship between student athletes' fair play behaviors and their levels of aggression and anger in sports. The Multidimensional Scale of Sportsmanship Orientation (MSOS-25) and the Scale of Aggression and Anger in Sport (CAAS) were used to collect data. The data were collected from the participants through face-to-face forms in April 2022. In the analysis of the data obtained in the study, Cronbach Alpha reliability coefficient was calculated to examine the internal consistency of the measurement tools. According to the various demographic characteristics of the participants, t-test and ANOVA tests were applied to evaluate the levels of the Multidimensional Sportsmanship Orientation Scale and the Aggression and Anger in Sport Scale. In addition, the level of relationship between the scales was evaluated by Pearson correlation analysis. Whether the data met the prerequisites of parametric tests was decided by examining the Skewness and Kurtosis (normal distribution of data) values and Levene (equality of variance) test results. As a result of the research, it was seen that there was a significant negative relationship between the Multidimensional Sportsmanship Orientation levels of student athletes and the levels of Aggression and Anger in Sports. Accordingly, it can be said that as the fair play behaviors of student athletes increase, their levels of aggression and anger in sports decrease.

Assessing the attitudes and knowledge of medical students towards Patient-Centred Care across different study years: A cross-sectional study.

To determine how medical students viewed the importance of patient-doctor communication, to assess their knowledge about patient-centred care, and to compare the attitudes of medical students in their pre-clinical and clinical years of study towards patient-centred care. The cross-sectional study was conducted from April to September 2023 at Federal Medical and Dental College, Islamabad, and Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, and comprised medical students of either gender from 2nd to 5th academic year. Data was collected using the Patient-Practitioner Orientation Scale. Data was analysed using SPSS 27. Of the 322 students, 178(55.3%) were males and 144(44.7%) were females. The mean score was 3.60±0.47, while the sharing and caring sub-scores were 3.23±0.66 and 3.99±0.52, respectively. The attitude of students overall was slightly patient-centred. Different study years showed variance in patient-centred scores which were also affected by cultural, demographic and gender parameters (p<0.05). The attitude of the students leaned slightly towards patient-oriented behaviour.