Orientation Of Solar Panels Research Articles

Dynamic Solar Panel Orientation for Maximizing Efficiency Based on Trajectory of the Sun

ABSTRACTThe rapid expansion of photovoltaic technology is driven by a critical need for electricity and a growing emphasis on sustainable energy solutions. However, the primary challenge is that the efficiency of solar panels remains insufficient, making them less competitive compared to other energy sources in the long term. This inefficiency not only limits the overall power output but also discourages private investors due to slight benefit and low rate of return of investment. Consequently, many potential projects are stalled, as investors are hesitant to commit resources to technologies that do not promise adequate profitability. Additionally, low efficiency wastes the installation space, and the variability in solar energy generation further complicates the economic viability of solar investments. To tackle this issue, the objective of this research is to develop an innovative active‐dynamic strategy aimed at enhancing the operational efficiency of solar panels through advanced Sun‐tracking mechanisms. By integrating an ARM controller with a TSL2550 sensor module, our system orchestrates precise servomotor adjustments to optimize solar panel alignment based on the Sun's trajectory in both vertical and horizontal planes. Furthermore, employing state‐of‐the‐art Micro‐Python coding techniques significantly boosts power generation. Empirical data from practical deployments demonstrate a minimum fourfold increase in the overall efficiency of the solar energy system following the implementation of this strategy.

SOLAR TRACKING SYSTEM USING ARDUINO

This research focuses on the development of a solar tracking system using an Arduino microcontroller to optimize the energy efficiency of photovoltaic solar panels. The conventional fixed solar panel setup often leads to suboptimal energy capture as the panel’s orientation remains static, resulting in reduced efficiency due to the sun’s changing position throughout the day. To address this, the proposed system employs a dual-axis solar tracker mechanism that automatically adjusts the solar panel's orientation to align with the sun's trajectory, maximizing solar energy absorption. The system utilizes Light Dependent Resistors (LDRs) placed on either side of the solar panel to detect variations in light intensity. Based on the sensor readings, the Arduino microcontroller processes the information and drives servo motors to move the panel in real time, ensuring it faces the sun. The servo motors allow for precise angular adjustments, enabling both horizontal and vertical movement to track the sun across the sky. The Arduino-based control system is simple, cost-effective, and easily programmable, offering an accessible solution for enhancing solar power efficiency. A comparative analysis between the solar tracker and a fixed-panel setup shows that the tracking system significantly improves energy capture by maintaining optimal sunlight exposure throughout the day. The paper also discusses the challenges involved in system calibration, the reliability of sensor data, and the mechanical aspects of the tracking mechanism. Results demonstrate that the solar tracking system can increase energy output by up to 30% compared to static panels. The findings indicate that the proposed low-cost solar tracking system holds significant potential for large-scale solar applications, contributing to the increased adoption of renewable energy solutions and enhancing the overall performance of solar power systems. Experimental evaluations were conducted to compare the energy output of the solar tracker against a fixed-panel setup. The results indicate a significant improvement in energy generation with the tracking system. The solar tracker’s ability to follow the sun maximizes light absorption and increases the efficiency of the photovoltaic panel by up to 30% compared to a fixed panel. The system demonstrates notable advantages, including higher energy yields, better adaptability to changing weather conditions, and the ability to capture sunlight at different times of the day. Key Words: Solar Tracker, Light Detecting Resistor (LDR), Arduino, Servo Motor

Design and Implementation of a Smart Solar Tracker using Arduino for Enhanced Energy Efficiency

In the universe of solar energy systems, the quest for enhanced energy efficiency has led to the design and implementation of a Smart Solar Tracker using Arduino. This innovative solution leverages advanced control mechanisms to optimize solar panel orientation dynamically, addressing the inherent challenges posed by varying climatic conditions. Traditionally, solar trackers have faced limitations in adapting to changing weather patterns, impacting energy capture efficiency. The Smart Solar Tracker, outlined in this study, overcomes these challenges by integrating Arduino-based technology, demonstrating a robust and strong approach to solar tracking. The main result presented in this work showcases the superior performance of the Smart Solar Tracker, consistently delivering high and stable voltage outputs even in adverse weather conditions. Shows that the implementation of Arduino-based control systems in solar tracking significantly enhances energy efficiency, ensuring consistent power generation across diverse climatic scenarios. This advancement not only underscores the critical role of technology in optimizing renewable energy systems but also positions the Smart Solar Tracker as a promising solution for reliable and resilient solar energy harvesting. In terms of costing smart solar tracker is 3 times higher compared to traditional solar tracker whereas in terms of efficiency smart solar tracker using Arduino is 10 times which is 100 percentage more efficient compared to traditional solar tracker. The smart solar tracker using Arduino efficiency output was 68% which is the highest compared to both solar tracker which is 5% and 27% over 5 days of reading the Smart Solar Tracker. Comparison shows that the smart solar tracker using Arduino is the most efficient. The findings presented specifically lead the way for the broader integration of advanced control mechanisms in renewable energy infrastructure, fostering sustainability in the face of environmental variability.

Modeling and estimation of solar panel tilting angles and orientations in the Gambia: a case study of Brikama, West Coast Region

Propelled by worries about climate change and global warming Photovoltaic panels installation has gain prominence in recent times worldwide due to its affordability and cleaner nature when compared to other renewable energy sources. Many people have switched to solar PV installations as a result of this. A thorough understanding of the orientation and tilt angles of the solar panel in relation to the sun radiation it receives is essential for optimizing the design of any PV system for best performance. In Brikama, West Coast Region of The Gambia, this work ascertains the solar ideal tilt angle and panel orientation. This was accomplished by contrasting the outcomes of the mathematical model with experimental data gathered at the same location and during the same months of the year using a PV module (Model AP-120) made by Astro Power, Inc., Delaware, USA, using a single-axis tracker technology. While the mathematical model approach yielded a tilt angle within the range of 9.10°–22.30° with a mean value of 15.50°, the experimental tilt angles obtained varied from 5.10° to 28.20° with an average angle of 14.80°. According to the generated power study, the solar panel's maximum power was measured at a 30° South angle, and the PV panel's orientation resulted in a mean power gain of 3.6–48.1W. The mean power result indicates that the solar gathering efficiency is better at the ideal tilt angle compared to a horizontal position. To maximize solar energy collection from photovoltaic systems, these findings are vital. PV module systems should be installed carefully since they generate a lot of power when the sun's rays are at a 90° angle, with the PV module pointed directly toward the sun. Solar engineers or workers are advised to install PV panels at a 15° angle facing the south. The method and model described in this study can be used to predict the maximum solar radiation incidence on a PV panel and the ideal tilt angle deployed at another place.

Reliable Dynamic Adoptive Dual Axis Solar Tracking Systems (DASTS) with Increased Efficiency

Traditional solar tracking systems typically depend on sunlight intensity to adjust the orientation of solar panels. However, these systems often neglect dynamic environmental factors such as wind, which can significantly impact the performance and safety of solar panels. The proposed Dynamic Adaptive Solar Tracking System (DASTS) aims to enhance energy capture efficiency and ensure the structural stability of solar panels by incorporating time-based data into its tracking algorithm. Utilizing precise geolocation coordinates and temporal data, the DASTS calculates the sun's position relative to the solar panel array. This system adjusts the panels' orientation in real-time to optimize energy capture. To validate the effectiveness of the DASTS, experimental tests were conducted at various times. The results indicate that the DASTS surpasses traditional fixed-tilt and single-axis tracking systems in terms of energy yield and structural stability. Furthermore, the DASTS demonstrated consistent performance across different geographic locations and seasons, underscoring its versatility and efficacy in maximizing solar energy utilization.

Design and Analysis of the Effect of the Number of Membership Functions on the Accuracy of the Fuzzy Controller in a Sun Tracking System

Purpose: To investigate how the number of rules in the fuzzy controller affects the single-axis solar tracking system's orientation accuracy. Methodology: Design and compare FLC49 and FLC25 controllers, each with different organic rules and functions. To improve the system efficiency by accurately measuring the maximum power point, the controller receives comparison results from the light sensors installed on the solar panels. We study and analyze the controllers, selecting the best one based on the accuracy of the solar panel orientation. Using the FLC output to operate a two-phase SM. Findings: This study developed a sun tracking system using Matlab/Simulink and compared FLC49 and FLC25 controllers. FLC49 performed better in simulations, with lower settling time and overshoot. The number of rules significantly influenced accuracy, and it also showed lower transient ripple magnitudes, accelerating time response. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The research investigates the effectiveness of rules in a fuzzy controller and recommends the optimal number of windings to achieve precision in controlling a stepper motor. The study explores the use of 49-rule and 25-rule fuzzy logic controllers to control a stepper motor based on LDR sensor inputs. The researchers found that while both controllers had similar steady time error and overshoot, they differed in orientation accuracy, with the 49-roll fuzzy controller being more accurate in orientation. This single-axis solar tracking system optimizes solar energy conversion into electricity.

A Model Validatory Approach in Determining Solar Panel Tilting Angles and Orientations at the Brikama Environment of The Gambia

Solar energy demand in The Gambia has got a boost in recent times owning to it cleaner nature and affordability compared to other renewables and by this many people are shifting towards solar PV installation. To optimize the design of any PV system for maximum performance, adequate knowledge of the orientation and tilt angles of the solar panel against the sun radiation received by the solar panel is vital. This paper determines the solar optimal tilt angle and orientation of solar panels in the Brikama environment of The Gambia. This was achieved by comparing a mathematical model results with experimental data collected using a PV module (Model AP-120) manufactured by AstroPower, Inc., Deleware, USA, and single axis tracker technology at the same location and months of the year 2022. The experimental tilt angles obtained range from 29.85-30.14 with an average angle of 29.99 while the mathematical model approach obtained the tilt angle to be 30. By comparing all the values recorded during the experiment, the peak value of power generated by the solar panel was recorded at an angle of 30due South and this proves our techniques in determining the tilted angles with our applied model. The monthly tilt angles of the solar panel, which were averaged from the total months of the year and the average tilt angle in the Brikama environment is 15.5and the solar module should face south during installation for optimization. These results are vital in maximizing solar energy collection from photovoltaic systems.

Effect of solar panel orientation and EV charging profile on grid design

The implementation of solar coupled with daytime electric vehicle (EV) charging, aligns seamlessly with the broader goal of transitioning to a decarbonized grid and clean energy future. This paper explores how fixed-tilt solar arrays coupled with daytime EV charging would affect a future renewable-energy-driven grid in California. We use capacity-expansion modeling to identify the lowest-cost grid design for 40 scenarios that compare two solar panel mounting configurations (east–west versus south-facing), two EV charging profiles, five tilt angles ranging from 15°to 35°, and two assumptions about a long-duration energy storage (LDES) candidate resource. We then evaluate and discuss the mix of generators selected by the model for the various scenarios, the associated curtailment, and the implications about the best approaches for adding fixed-tilt solar arrays as part of transitioning to a new energy system. Although the east–west-facing solar orientation is expected to reduce the need for diurnal storage by being able to charge EVs early and late in the day, it appears that the better matching between seasonal supply and demand for the south-facing orientation is more important.

The Feasibility Study of a Solar Power Plant at Building B, Universitas Multimedia Nusantara

The use of environmentally friendly energy resources is becoming increasingly important in reducing the carbon footprint of buildings. One approach is to integrate solar power generation into the building's energy system. This research aims to reduce the carbon footprint by replacing conventional electricity sources with environmentally friendly renewable energy sources and integrating energy sources without disrupting the productivity of activities in Building B of Universitas Multimedia Nusantara (UMN). This study encompasses several key parameters, including the limited use of solar panels in Building B of UMN and simulations conducted using PVsyst software with shadow-free assumptions and solar panel orientation facing north. Additionally, the research considers the potential production of clean energy from available utilization areas, including the roof and fifth-floor balcony of Building B. This feasibility study also includes an analysis of electricity usage over three months, with electricity consumption sourced from PLN. The analysis results show that the use of solar panels can yield long-term economic benefits, with capital costs recoverable within 20 years. However, further review is needed regarding potential system losses, costs, and the addition of energy storage options. Cost calculations need to be adjusted to consider building owner profitability for more accurate results. This study only considers profits without accounting for repair and maintenance costs over the 20-year system operation period.

Optimizing solar panel orientation for enhanced power output in cloudy conditions: a case study on solar energy supply in a water treatment plant

This paper presents a study on optimizing the performance of a photovoltaic solar generator used to power a water treatment plant in a remote area. The research aims to evaluate the system's efficiency and focuses on determining the optimal orientation of the solar panel during periods of cloudy weather, which significantly impact sunlight availability and ozone production. To achieve this, two optimization algorithms, namely the Grey Wolf Algorithm (GWO) and the Crayfish Optimization Algorithm (COA), are employed to optimize the power output. The study is conducted in Algeria, where prevalent autumn cloud cover poses challenges for solar panel operation. By addressing these challenges and designing a high-performance photovoltaic-powered water treatment plant, the research contributes to sustainable water treatment technologies and offers promising solutions for underserved communities in need of water pumping and treatment systems. The findings highlight the importance of optimizing solar panel orientation in cloudy conditions and showcase the effectiveness of the GWO and COA algorithms in maximizing power output. By leveraging these optimization techniques, the proposed approach enhances the performance of the solar generator, ensuring efficient power production even during periods of reduced sunlight. This research not only addresses the specific case of a water treatment plant in a remote area but also has broader implications for the renewable energy sector. The study demonstrates the potential of utilizing solar energy in powering critical infrastructure, such as water treatment facilities, in areas where access to reliable electricity is limited. By fostering the adoption of sustainable energy solutions, this research contributes to the goal of achieving long-term environmental and social sustainability.

Energy Production Optimization by Positioning of Solar Panels and Surveillance System with Cleaning of Panels

The pursuit of efficient and sustainable energy generation has led to the widespread adoption of solar panels. However, the optimal performance of these panels can be hindered by factors such as dirt accumulation, suboptimal orientation, and security concerns. To address these challenges, we propose an integrated Solar Panel Tracking, Cleaning, and Surveillance System (SPTCSS). Our system employs advanced tracking technology to optimize solar panel orientation, ensuring maximum exposure to sunlight throughout the day. Additionally, it incorporates automated cleaning mechanisms, utilizing water and brushes to remove dust, debris, and other contaminants, thereby maintaining peak efficiency. Furthermore, the surveillance aspect of the system provides real-time monitoring and security features, safeguarding against theft, vandalism, and unauthorized access. Through a network of sensors and cameras, any anomalies or suspicious activities can be promptly detected and addressed. By integrating tracking, cleaning, and surveillance functionalities into a single system, our solution offers a comprehensive approach to enhancing the performance, longevity, and security of solar panel installations. This not only maximizes energy generation but also minimizes maintenance requirements and mitigates risks, ultimately contributing to a more sustainable and reliable renewable energy infrastructure

Solar Tracking Methods: A Comprehensive Survey

Abstract: In the pursuit of maximizing solar energy utilization, solar tracking systems have emerged as indispensable tools for enhancing the efficiency of photovoltaic (PV) systems. This comprehensive survey delves into the multifaceted landscape of solar tracking methods, elucidating the diverse techniques and strategies employed in optimizing solar panel orientation relative to the sun's position Solar tracking systems are classified into two primary categories: single-axis and dual-axis tracking. Single-axis tracking systems adjust solar panels along one axis, typically the azimuth axis, while dual-axis tracking systems dynamically alter both azimuth and elevation angles to accurately follow the sun's apparent motion across the sky.Within the realm of solar tracking, passive and active tracking methods are explored. Passive tracking mechanisms rely on natural phenomena such as gravity or thermal expansion to adjust panel orientation, whereas active tracking systems employ mechanical, electrical, or hydraulic actuators driven by motors or other means to actively adjust panel angles based on real-time tracking algorithms.A pivotal aspect of solar tracking systems is the selection and implementation of tracking algorithms. Various algorithms, including sun position algorithms, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms, and predictive algorithms, are analyzed for their effectiveness in accurately predicting and optimizing solar panel orientation.Furthermore, this survey scrutinizes the role of sensor technologies in solar tracking, encompassing GPS-based tracking, light-intensity-based tracking, weather-based tracking utilizing meteorological sensors, and horizon tracking techniques. These sensor-based methodologies offer different advantages and trade-offs in terms of accuracy, cost, and reliability. To provide a comprehensive understanding, comparative analyses are conducted, evaluating the efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and energy yield of different tracking methods. These comparative assessments offer valuable insights into the performance characteristics and suitability of various tracking methodologies across diverse applications and environmental conditions.In conclusion, this survey serves as an invaluable resource for researchers, engineers, and policymakers involved in the design, development, and optimization of solar tracking systems for renewable energy applications. By synthesizing the latest advancements and comparative analyses, this survey facilitates informed decision-making and fosters the advancement of sustainable solar energy technologies.

Influence of a Dual Axis IoT- Based Off-Grid Solar Tracking System and Wheatstone Bridge on Efficient Energy Harvesting and Management

Influence of a Dual Axis IoT- Based Off-Grid Solar Tracking System and Wheatstone Bridge on Efficient Energy Harvesting and Management

Orientation system of solar panels based on a robot manipulator

Solar energy is one of the most interesting renewable energies, as it is an inexhaustible natural accumulation. The electrical energy generated depends on the performance of photovoltaic panels that is based on the direction of sunlight. The position of the sun changes during the day, even during the year, which imposes a system of automatic orientation of solar panels for this purpose, several devices have been proposed and marketed. In our article, we focus on the adaptation of a robot manipulator for orientation and positioning of solar panels, applying for the control system, the model of the robot controller. First, we present the robotic system, which is a well-mastered, and his order was the subject of several studies and applications, and the model of the robot used for controlling the system. Finally, we give the simulation results in two modes: Mode fixed facing south with an inclination of 45° and the robot tracking mode following the elevation and azimuth movements with two decoupled movement. The results found show a gain in terms of solar energy collected measured about 51%.

Study on photovoltaic characteristics of bifacial solar panels

In the work optimum angles of orientation of solar panels with bifacial silicon solar cell, essentially different from traditional solar panels with simple silicon solar cells are experimentally defined. Are shown optimum distance from a back vertical wall and height from horizon, and also color of a horizontal surface reflecting them for achievement of high efficiency of solar panels with bifacial solar cells. Temperature factors of the main basic photovoltaic parameters of power stations with simple and bifacial silicon solar cells shown. Advantage of use of photovoltaic power stations with bifacial silicon solar cells in the hot climate conditions is revealed.

Fuzzy Logic Control System for Optimizing Dual-Axis Solar Panel Tracking

The utilization of solar energy through solar panels has gained considerable attention in renewable energy applications. However, the effectiveness of energy conversion is hindered by the misalignment of solar panels with the incident sunlight. To address this issue, a dual-axis solar tracker system is proposed to automatically adjust the orientation of solar panels, enhancing energy generation efficiency. This research introduces a novel approach using a fuzzy logic control system to regulate the movement of stepper motors responsible for adjusting the solar panel positions. The system relies on input data from Light-Dependent Resistor (LDR) sensors to detect the sunlight’s position. Additionally, voltage, current, and angle sensors are integrated to accurately determine the solar panels angular position. The fuzzy logic control system employs the Mamdani method with Mean of Maximum (MOM) defuzzification. A comprehensive analysis of the systems performance was conducted, demonstrating that the manual calculations yielded 0.87 and 0.59 micro steps, while the Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) produced 0.35 and 0.26 micro steps. These results were verified through the serial monitor in the Arduino Integrated Development Environment (IDE). This research focuses on the development of a microcontroller-based two-axis solar panel control system using fuzzy logic. The system’s primary objective is to maximize solar energy utilization by ensuring that solar panels consistently align with the direction of sunlight, both vertically and horizontally. The proposed system offers an effective means of enhancing the efficiency of solar panel energy generation by continuously optimizing their alignment with the incident sunlight.

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The present paper examines the design of solar panel orientation as a complex issue. This project involves several engineering and physical principles. In addition to reporting and analysis, simulation programs are used to perform the research. Also, the control and management systems, detailed analysis and proper management of the regulation principles of the solar panel orientation project were studied depending on other parameters.

Optimization of solar tree performance in Egypt: a simulation-based investigation

The paper discusses the orientation and positions of solar panels in a solar tree. Solar energy contributes to the most available and abundant energy source in Egypt. Hence, The PV system is considered a promising solution to generate power from this source. However, its energy density is low. Therefore, the solar tree is considered in this paper as it has higher density and fits the urban cities of Egypt. The design of the solar tree is divided into two sections: the study of the solar panel’s orientation and positions. For the solar tree orientation, a single-objective genetic algorithm is used to maximize the total incident irradiance on a tilted solar panel. The output of this optimization problem is 20 optimal angles for the tilt angle (beta) and surface azimuth angle of the solar panel (gamma). These angles are inputted to the second methodology to determine their positions. In this methodology, a multi-objective genetic algorithm is used to trade between the area occupied by the solar tree representing the cost and the power loss due to the shading of the solar panels on each other; the output is the coordinates of the center of each solar panel. The proposed solar tree design increased the incident irradiance from 4427.389 to 4496.584 watts/m2/year using the optimal angles and the output power increased as the shadow loss decreased from 904.685 watts to 300 watts. The final design of the solar tree is 5 m in height and 1.13 m wide.

A Review of the Sustainable Development of Solar Photovoltaic Tracking System Technology

In the face of the traditional fossil fuel energy crisis, solar energy stands out as a green, clean, and renewable energy source. Solar photovoltaic tracking technology is an effective solution to this problem. This article delves into the sustainable development of solar photovoltaic tracking technology, analyzing its current state, limiting factors, and future trends. The adjustment of solar panel orientation using solar tracking technology to maximize energy generation efficiency has been widely implemented in various fields, including solar power plants. Currently, limiting factors for this technology include energy generation efficiency, costs, and the complexity of various environmental conditions. In terms of sustainable development, this article emphasizes the importance of photovoltaic materials and manufacturing innovation, energy efficiency improvements, as well as the integration of smart and digital technologies. Future trends include higher precision, broader applications, and lower costs. Solar photovoltaic tracking technology will play a pivotal role in global energy production, fostering the realization of a clean and sustainable energy future.

An experimental study on hybrid control of a solar tracking system to maximize energy harvesting in Jordan

Due to its capacity to maximize the power produced by photovoltaic (PV) panels, solar tracking systems have grown in popularity. However, erratic weather conditions, like cloudy or overcast days, change the panel's preferred orientation. On sunny days, the panel is turned to face the sun's radiation; however, on cloudy or overcast days, diffused radiation alters the optimal position. This has increased the necessity for new search algorithms that control the orientation of the panel to generate the most power feasible regardless of the weather conditions. This study aims at developing a sun-tracking system that can adjust the solar panel's orientation to generate the maximum possible electrical output from solar energy in Jordan, regardless of the local climate. To achieve this; a hybrid controller has been created that combines an open-loop sun monitoring system with a dynamic feedback controller built on an active search algorithm. The suggested algorithm is built on the real-time measurement of the PV panels' waning solar irradiance by using small solar cell 0.6 W. The system switches to the recently proposed circular path finding method to locate the Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) if the instantaneous irradiance level falls below a predetermined threshold (DNI irradiance). As a result of the testing phase, the generated power of a solar panel increased by about 35%, confirming the effectiveness of the newly proposed sun tracker hybrid control system. During experimental test, positive irradiance current noises are appeared, using average filter taking the mean of 100 values for one measurement.