Cultural Orientation Research Articles

FOBism Unveiled: Quantifying Assimilative Racism within Asians in the United States.

FOB (fresh-off-the-boat) is a term used to refer to unassimilated immigrants or sojourners, which has created a divide within the Asian community. In this study, we coined the term FOBism, a form of internalized racism (or appropriated racial oppression) that intersects with assimilation, and we developed a measure of FOBism. We created a 14-item, 3-factor FOBism Scale and evaluated its psychometric properties among a sample of 296 Asians in the United States. Exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) was utilized to select items and evaluate the factorial validity. Results yielded a strong factor structure, internal consistency reliability, and construct validity. Construct validity was demonstrated through FOBism scores' positive correlations with measures of within-group discrimination and internalized racism, and negative associations with an Asian cultural orientation. The FOBism Scale is a promising measure that could be used as an assessment tool and to raise awareness of the phenomenon.

Analyzing the influence of organizational culture and top management orientation on the relationship between e-procurement and firms’ performance: a contingency factors perspective

This study emphasizes the significance of organizational culture and top management orientation in influencing the success of e-procurement, supply chain sustainability, and firm performance. The study exclusively utilized a quantitative research approach in formulating the framework for the study. convenience sampling was adopted during visits to selected organizations, where a total of 400 questionnaires were administered to available procurement staff. The final sample size for the study was determined by the 385 respondents who completed the questionnaire during the researcher's visit. The findings of the study indicate that electronic procurement has a positive and significant influence on firm performance. Electronic procurement has a significant positive effect on organizational culture. Organizational culture has a significant positive effect on firms’ performance. Organizational culture is a statistically significant mediates the relationship between electronic procurement and firms’ performance, with a moderately strong positive effect. Top management orientation positively and significantly moderates the relationship between organizational culture and firm performance. The interaction between contingency factors and organizational culture does not significantly impact firm performance. It underscores the need for organizations to align their culture and leadership style with the requirements of e-procurement implementation

Corporate Philanthropy and Corporate Reputation During a Global Health Crisis

The aim of the study is to examine the nexus between corporate philanthropy (CP) and corporate reputation (CR) from the perspective of a global health emergency, cultural orientation, and African context. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey design. A purposive sampling procedure was adopted in the selection of 200 respondents and data were collected from the 200 respondents (Recipients of palliatives) through a structured questionnaire. Considering organizations as the unit of analysis, the data were aggregated, averaged and analyzed through paired (dependent-sample) t-tests, multivariate regression and moderation analysis. The results demonstrate that corporate philanthropy before and during the pandemic had a positive effect on corporate reputation, there was a significant difference in the perceived corporate reputation before and during the COVID-19 pandemic while cultural orientation and COVID-19 health crisis orientation moderated the relationship between CP and CR during the pandemic. This study is the first of its kind to empirical examine the link between CP and CR from the lens of cultural milieu, global health emergency of COVID-19 and in African context. The study contributed to management theory and practice through critical findings from the dimension of a global health crisis.

Bridging the green gap: Unveiling the complex interplay of national cultural dimensions, management effectiveness and corruption in driving green innovations

The objective of this research is to investigate the relationship between national culture, management score, corruption, and its implication on firms’ green innovation. This paper analyses 2588 firm year data using panel corrected standard errors (PCSE), two stage least regression (2SLS) and Generalized Method of Moments (GMM). This paper also conducts quantile regressions and propensity score matching (probit regression) for the effect of national cultures on country’s corruption. Our initial observation found that national culture of long-term orientation is positively associated with green innovation. But in contrast to earlier findings, green innovation is negatively associated with individualism and indulgence. Nonetheless, when management score is used as a moderating variable for long term orientation national culture, a negative observation is made, likely due to restrictive regulatory compliance, conflict of interest or even inconsistent ideas amongst the management and the employees during the long-term execution of the project.

Paediatric family activation rapid response (FARR) in acute care: a qualitative study for developing a multilingual application (app) intervention

BackgroundDelayed recognition of clinical deterioration can result in harm to patients. Parents/carers can often recognise changes in the child’s condition before healthcare professionals (HCPs). To mitigate the risk of failure...

Development and feasibility testing of a time-restricted eating intervention for women living with overweight/obesity and HIV in a resource-limited setting of South Africa

BackgroundHuman Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are amongst the leading causes of death in South Africa. The preferred first-line anti-retroviral treatment contains dolutegravir (DTG), shown to increase body weight, may compound the already high rates of obesity and associated risk for T2D. South Africa has widespread food insecurity, making traditional dietary strategies difficult to implement. Time-restricted eating (TRE) may be an appropriate intervention in resource-limited communities.MethodsThis article outlines the development and feasibility testing of a TRE intervention to inform the design of a TRE randomised controlled trial in women (20–45 years old) living with overweight/obesity and HIV, receiving DTG-based treatment from a resource-limited community in Cape Town, South Africa. Factors influencing TRE adoption were identified using the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation – Behaviour model and the Theoretical Domains Framework, combining in-depth interviews (IDIs) and focus group discussions. Participants from the IDIs went on to participate in a single arm 4-week TRE pilot trial where feasibility was explored in terms of reach, acceptability, applicability, and implementation integrity. An iterative, thematic analysis approach was employed to analyse the qualitative data.ResultsParticipants included 33 isiXhosa-speaking women (mean age 37.1 years, mean BMI 35.9 kg/m2). Thematic analysis identified psychological capability (knowledge of fasting), social influences (cultural preferences, family support), and reflective motivation (awareness of weight, health impact, motivation for TRE) as key factors influencing adoption of TRE for weight management. In a 4-week TRE pilot trial (n = 12), retention was 100%. Positive outcomes perceived included improved energy, appetite control and weight loss. TRE was perceived as acceptable, easy, and enjoyable. Family support facilitated adherence, while habitual and social eating and drinking practices were barriers. Compliance was high, aided by self-selected eating times, reminders, and weekly calls. Recommendations included the incorporation of dietary education sessions and text messages to provide additional support and reminders.ConclusionsThis study indicates that TRE is a feasible weight management strategy in women living with overweight/obesity and HIV, receiving DTG-based treatment in a resource-limited community. These findings will ensure that the forthcoming TRE randomised controlled trial is adapted and optimised to the local South African context.

Social branding for health promotion against non-communicable diseases in Maharashtra, India

Introduction: The burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is a major challenge for countries, regardless of their level of development. Social branding is an emerging approach to health promotion for NCD prevention. In this paper, the process of social branding is documented as a case study to help researchers develop similar kinds of interventions in the settings in which they work. Methods: The process of developing a social brand is documented through conversations with the project team, observations in the field, interaction with community local members, and information gathered through photographs, videos and newspaper clippings. Results: The social brand focused upon in this study was named the Aarogyachi Vaari (Health Pilgrimage) inspired by the Pandrapur Wari, a religious pilgrimage undertaken in the state of Maharashtra, India. Various stakeholders from self-help groups, panchayat raj institutions and schools from the local village collaborated successfully to implement the health event in a manner similar to the way in which diverse religious groups come together for the Pandrapur Wari religious pilgrimage. The Aarogyachi Vaari took the form of a strategically planned health event consisting of various health promotion stalls, many developed by local villagers themselves. The organisation of the event was aided by resource mobilisation within the local community. Discussion: Social branding can be an effective tool for health promotion in community settings. Studying people’s cultural preferences and what makes them feel connected and excited can lay the foundations for the creation of a social brand that reflects their choices and helps them take up healthy behaviours on their own. It is possible to mobilise a community for health through social branding that is culturally relevant and connected to the interests and priorities of local people.

Decoding job satisfaction in the Nepalese public sector: patterns and predictors

ABSTRACT In this study, we investigate job satisfaction within the Nepalese civil service, utilizing data from a survey of 858 Nepalese civil servants. Our findings reveal a moderate level of job satisfaction, with several factors influencing its variability. Particularly, relationships with colleagues, the physical environment, and remuneration emerge as significant determinants, where higher values correspond to increased job satisfaction. These findings are consistent with the theoretical expectations of social exchange theory. Beyond these conventional variables, innovation, higher authoritarian cultural orientation (ACO), and the nature of civil service groups (Administrative service vs. Others) significantly shape job satisfaction levels. Furthermore, factors such as transfer scopes, promotion policy, and human resource development programs are identified as areas of low satisfaction among civil servants. While these factors do not demonstrate statistically significant associations with the degree of variation in job satisfaction, their dissatisfaction likely contributes to an overall decrease in job satisfaction.

Was Anna Freud a “friend of Dorothy”? A queer phenomenological historiography of Anna Freud and Dorothy Burlingham's personal and professional relationship

AbstractThe nature of Anna Freud and Dorothy Burlingham's 5‐decade‐long personal and professional relationship has always been subject to speculation. This paper considers the historiography of this important and enigmatic relationship from 1920s Vienna to today. Drawing on Sara Ahmed's Queer Phenomenology, which theorises sexual orientation and whiteness in spatial terms, I illustrate how the relationship was seen as deviating from the ‘straight lines’ of mid‐20th century heteronormative society. I extend this queer phenomenological approach to think about cultural orientations to the relationship through an examination of its depiction in biographies published in the 1980s, the collections at the Freud Museums in London and Vienna, and a fictionalised account of Anna Freud's life published in 2014. Extending Ahmed's queer phenomenological vocabulary, I identify examples of ‘straightening up’, ‘straightening devices’ and ‘straightening up by queering’. The possibility of finding ‘queer angles’ in Anna Freud's early clinical writings, in contrast to the normative tendencies of her later writing on ego psychology, is explored as a counterbalance to discussions about non‐normative sexuality and gender in psychotherapy which typically position these as something new. The relevance for clinical practice today is considered through the lens of an ethical imperative to find space for queer angles in the history of psychoanalysis.

Stigma and social acceptance of individuals who use substances: The moderating role of collectivistic cultural orientation.

Stigma and social acceptance of individuals who use substances: The moderating role of collectivistic cultural orientation.

THEORY OF CONFLICTS-MICROTHEORIES

Every social system has had its conflicts. We have had conflicts over the division of empires based on religious or cultural orientation, for example the Byzantine Empire of the people have split into two denominations, the ruling system shutdown (system of Westphalia) or state of order of Westphalia. From this period, the world begins to be accompanied by state colonization. Conflicts can be regional, global, state, interstate and beyond. The crisis of Europe is more interesting than the other crisis that has entire realistic reforms after the Otto-monopoly bourgeois liberalization. East crisis was external and internal crisis, duplication of the aristocracy of the Ottoman Empire. We have a crisis or conflict of the First World War. The First World War created the system of Versailles. The Versailles system consists of the following problems: 1. The Ottoman Empire dissolved; 2. Formation of new states The cause of the First World War was Germany. - Then there is the crisis of the League of Nations (state problem solving) - Conflict of WWII; (World War II) There are three types of crises: 1. Fascism; 2. Bolshevism; and 3. Liberal Democracy. We are forming allies, and then we had the Cold War conflict. Cold War East-West conflict (ideological, military and economic change). The world is a crisis of the international order. The Russian Federation 20 years recycles apparent internal and external conflicts. Developed countries use the resources of underdeveloped countries. -World of today faces social crisis, where social crisis has no limit. Social crises coming from abuses by big capital capitalism. - The world is open in the technical aspect, technology, internet, information, where these phenomena are the social crises. Conflicts are tensions that carry certain problems of an old order to a new social order. Conflicts in the former Yugoslavia was born as neglecting the national issue (ethnic crisis.)

A survey of obstetrical anesthesia health equity practices at academic centers in the United States (US)

BackgroundLimited research has explored obstetrical anesthesiologists' perceptions of healthcare disparities associated with labor and delivery. The objective of this study was to evaluate the perception of obstetrical anesthesia related healthcare disparities, drivers of disparities, and potential solutions. MethodsAn online survey was emailed to division leads at Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) accredited obstetrical anesthesiology programs in the United States. The survey included a mixture of yes/no, select all that apply, and free-text questions. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize variable distribution. Free text responses were categorized into themes by selective coding. Results149 surveys were delivered, 74 surveys were conducted (50 %), and 57 were completed entirely (38 %). Fifty-seven percent of participants reported perceived presence of obstetrical/obstetrical anesthesia related healthcare disparities. Most participants reported that they consider a patient's cultural preferences during clinical management, collect race/ethnicity data, implement specific practices to address disparities, and analyze outcome data by social determinants of health. The majority of participants reported using additional relevant practice features, including translator services, quality improvement practices, provider rounds, standardized protocols, and cultural competency or diversity training. Thematic analysis of free text responses into drivers of disparities mapped to 6 themes: language barriers, racism or bias, socioeconomics or social determinants of health, access or quality of care, patient-provider interactions or cultural sensitivity, and individual patient factors. ConclusionMost academic obstetrical anesthesia center division leads reported perceived presence of obstetric anesthesia related health care disparities. Efforts should be made to devise targeted solutions to this multifaceted, pervasive problem.

Wound Care at the Intersection of Race, Ethnicity, and Malnutrition.

Ensuring adequate nutrition is vital for maintaining skin health and promoting successful wound healing. Globally, the rise in malnutrition and diet-related diseases is contributing to increased rates of illness and disability. Populations in food deserts and those experiencing food insecurity are particularly at risk. Being at risk for or having malnutrition associated with chronic conditions such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease can increase the incidence of wounds. Healthcare disparities and varied clinical outcomes among ethnic minorities further contribute to these challenges. Research indicates that racial and ethnic minorities experience a higher prevalence and severity of wounds, including pressure injuries. Detecting early-stage wounds in individuals with darker skin tones can be difficult, adding to the disparities.Culturally appropriate nutrition interventions are essential in addressing these health inequities because tailored approaches tend to be more effective than uniform strategies. Understanding diverse dietary patterns and incorporating cultural food preferences into care plans can improve patient adherence and outcomes. Promoting equity in wound care through culturally sensitive practices helps to foster respect, dignity, and trust within healthcare settings, particularly for minority populations.In this review, the authors highlight the need for inclusive interventions that provide culturally aligned nutrition, supporting patients' clinical and holistic well-being.

Walks, marches, parades: LGBT+ activist mnemonic labour in Argentina

This article investigates the mnemonic labour of LGBT+ activists and movements. It examines activists’ efforts to shape and mobilise memories for mnemonic, cultural and political change. The concept of the ‘memory-activism nexus’ is adopted as an analytical framework to unpack the relationship between memory in and of LGBT+ activism. This framework allows for a deeper understanding of the role of memory within the unique cultural orientation of LGBT+ movements. The article first offers an overview of the diverse approaches to mnemonic labour in the recent history of LGBT+ activism. Focusing on Argentina, the article then analyses the walk for Lesbian Visibility Day, organised in Buenos Aires by the activist collective Frente Docente Disidente in 2021. This case study shows how activists organise and sediment cultural memories for their later adaptation and (re)mobilisation.

Lessons learned from implementing culturally sensitive adaptations to a nutrition education program in four Anishinaabe communities

BackgroundThe Anishinaabe ways of eating healthy and staying physically active are not well represented in federally funded health education programs like Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Education (SNAP-Ed). The curricula approved for use by SNAP-Ed implementing agencies was not developed with Anishinaabe foods, cultures and traditions in mind. ObjectiveThis paper shares the process and lessons learned from a collaborative effort to adapt recipes from a SNAP-Ed-approved nutrition and cooking education program, Cooking Matters® at Home (CMAH) to reflect cultural preferences and traditions of participants from four Anishinaabe tribal communities in Michigan. MethodsUniversity Extension instructors, tribal health staff and an inter-tribal organization co-designed and implemented the adaptation. Extension instructors facilitated four separate series of cooking and nutrition classes using CMAH curriculum with four Tribes. A descriptive, cross-sectional evaluation design focused on participant engagement and recipe adaptation. Evaluation included formative interviews with tribal health staff, post-intervention community participant focus groups to assess program satisfaction and cultural acceptability of adaptations, and process interviews with Extension instructors and tribal health staff. ResultsBetween October 3 and December 7, 2022, classes reached 30 adults across four sites. Average class size was 7-8 participants. 86% of participants attended every class session offered in their community. Eight recipes were adapted to include traditional foods (e.g., wild rice, maple syrup); eleven were prepared as written. A challenge was access and availability of some traditional recipe ingredients. Participants expressed a range of food knowledge and behaviors that reflect diverse histories and cultures within each community. Tribal staff and participants suggested that Extension instructors build rapport with community members, approach activities and participants with curiosity rather than sharing "expert" advice, implement more continuous programming, and improve cultural sensitivity. ConclusionsSNAP-Ed programs should support access to local indigenous foods and make space for both community and individual traditions.

Dimitrie Cantemir in the face of the change of the civilizational paradigm

In the following communication Dimitrie Cantemir in the face of civilizational paradigm change, the authors try to examine from a different angle the actions of Dimitrie Cantemir (1673-1723) during his short reign in Moldova (1710-1711) and especially regarding his alliance with Peter I, Tsar of Russia (April 2/13, 1711). Starting from the fact that the Romanian scholar during his adolescence and youth had been formed as an intellectual and politician in the Orthodox cultural and spiritual environment from Moldova on the one hand and in that of the Islamic world and culture from Constantinople on the other, it can be assumed that he was acquainted both with the Christian European civilization and with the Arab-Turkish-Persian Oriental one. Throughout his entire literary creation as a historian, philosopher, musician, etc., Cantemir relied on representative scientific, cultural and religious values from both civilizational worlds. As for his political activity, both before and during his reign in Moldova, the Romanian prince understood that his homeland was included in the civilizational area of the Ottoman Empire, a circumstance that inhibited its development and affirmation on the international level. In accordance with the Biblical conception of the universal cycle of the four monarchies, which the erudite prince had embraced and further developed in a special study, Monarchiarum physica examinatio / A Natural Research of Monarchies, he considered that the unfolding political-military events at the crossroads of the two great civilizations, that of Europe and that of Islam, inevitably led to the collapse and disappearance of the Ottoman Empire as a historical anomaly. As a result, the baton of universal evolution would soon be taken over by the Northern monarchy, which was represented, according to D. Cantemir, by the Russian state. This system was used as the theoretical basis for the decision of the prince of Moldavia to break his relations with the Ottoman Gate and negotiate an alliance with the new rising European power. Thus, through such an action in these new circumstances, Cantemir was actually trying to break Moldova away from the area of Oriental civilization and place it de facto as a sovereign country in the new system of European international relations.

Jhumpa Lahiri’s The Namesake Through the Lens of Diaspora Literature

Abundant papers have been written on Jhumpa Lahiri’s The Namesake, endeavoring to elaborate on alienation, ecologic overtones, cross-cultural conflict, feminism, existentialism, and identity crisis, to name a few. However, navigating through a labyrinth of complexities, this study, in addition to cultivating the results found hitherto, aims to crack the case of two acculturation strategies opted by Gogol, namely assimilation and integration. To further the point, this qualitative research which has been done based on a close reading approach, will reveal Gogol’s shift of strategy from assimilation to integration. In the second place, the lights are to be shed on the remarkable traces of re-orientalizationin the selected work, especially during the arrival of Gogol in Maxine’s house where binary opposition, i.e., the Occidental Culture/ Oriental Culture will be visible. Furthermore, this paper sets out to lay bare Moushumi as a foil character for Ashima, who, unlike Ashima’s vigorous allegiance to her husband, Bengali roots, and Patriarchal norms, is a Byronic-like character with intelligence, selfishness, refractoriness, complacency, and penchant for infraction of patriarchal rules. Last but not least, this study aims for a deeper understanding of the kernels of this diasporic novel including alienation, uprootedness, nostalgia, and search for genuine identity.

Environmental uncertainty and entrepreneurial orientation in collectivist and individualist cultures: evidence from Brazil and Belgium

ABSTRACT A fundamental premise of the information processing approach in entrepreneurship theory is that the distribution and processing of information is key to opportunity identification. We propose that collectivist-individualist cultural values influence the efficacy of information processing leading to different levels of entrepreneurial orientation (EO). Specifically, we submit that collectivism enhances shared information processing and goal setting in a dynamic environment, while individualism facilitates creativity and divergent thinking that can help EO if sufficient informational input is available. To empirically verify our theory, we study the relationships using survey and archival data from a sample of 487 firms in six industries in Brazil and Belgium, two countries that contrast in collectivism-individualism. Consistent with our predictions, we find higher EO in the collectivist culture of Brazil under high environmental dynamism and low information availability, and this difference is increased by strategic planning.

The Role Mechanism of Social Preferences and Price Advantage in the Market Economy

In today's market economy environment, social preferences and price advantage, as two core driving forces, directly influence market operation and development trajectories. As consumer demand becomes increasingly diversified, social preferences intuitively reflect deep-seated cultural identity and value orientations, even guiding market trends. Price advantage, as the cornerstone of market competition, also impacts corporate production and development. These two elements intertwine: social preferences infuse emotional and cultural content into pricing strategies, while price advantage becomes an effective means to satisfy social preferences and achieve market penetration. A deep understanding and skillful application of these mechanisms are crucial for companies to navigate the complex and ever-changing market environment and achieve sustainable development.

미혼남녀의 결혼 및 자녀가치관에 따른 잠재프로파일 유형 분석: 개인주의와 집단주의와의 관련 및 결혼의향 차이 탐색

Objectives: This study aimed to classify latent profiles of unmarried adults based on their views on marriage and childrearing, explore the influence of cultural orientation on the profiles, and examine differences in marriage intention. Methods: Data were collected from 886 single men and women aged 25-40. Latent profile analysis was conducted separately for each sex. Results: First, both men and women were classified into three latent profiles. The male profiles were named “Affective/Traditional Family-Oriented” (17%), “Ambiguous-Neutral” (71%), and “Couple-Centered & Childrearing Avoidant” (12%). The female profiles were named “Traditional Family-Oriented” (11%), “Ambiguous-Neutral” (67%), and “Career/Self-Oriented & Childrearing Avoidant” (22%). Second, for men, subfactors of collectivism (advice and harmony) and a subfactor of individualism (responsibility) were associated with the profiles. For women, subfactors of collectivism (advice and harmony) were associated with the profiles. Third, there were significant differences in marriage intentions across profiles for both men and women. Conclusions: The results indicate that while men and women show overall similarities in the latent profile classifications of marriage and childrearing, there are notable differences as well. Detailed explanations of the findings are discussed.