Orgyia Postica Research Articles

Climate change impacts the risk of invasion of eucalypt pests in Brazil

Abstract Identifying areas at high risk of invasion is considered an important step for prioritization of phytosanitary measures to prevent biological invasions. Because climate change is likely to affect species' habitat suitability, ideally this should be considered in invasion risk assessments. We evaluated whether climate change affects habitat suitability and invasion risk of eight potentially invasive Eucalyptus pests in Brazil: Eucalyptolyma maideni, Mnesampela privata, Ophelimus maskelli, Orgyia postica, Paropsis atomaria, Paropsisterna beata, Paropsisterna cloelia and Trachymela sloanei. The shifts in the distribution range varied depending on the species, year and climate change scenario. While a decrease in the distribution range was predicted for four species, an increase was predicted for two species. Moreover, a decrease and/or increase in distribution depending on the climate change scenario was predicted for two species. Increases in invasion risk were predicted in major Eucalyptus‐producing areas near international airports and high cargo volume seaports. Our study provides an important contribution to knowledge on the effects of climate change on the distribution of eight potentially invasive Eucalyptus pests and reinforces the need to consider the changes in species' habitat suitability in invasion risk assessments.

Orgyia postica (cocoa tussock moth)

Orgyia postica (cocoa tussock moth)

Seasonal Incidence of Major Insect Pests of Apple in Mid Hills of Meghalaya

Seasonal incidence of major insect pests of apple in mid hills of Meghalaya was evaluated during 2018 at the Experimental farm of CPGSAS, Umiam, Meghalaya. A total of 43 insect species were observed. The major ones include- green apple aphid Aphis pomi De Geer, pale tussock moth Calliteara pudibunda L., tussock moth Euproctis guttata Collenette, giant looper Ascotis selenaria Denis and Schiffermuller and cocoa tussock moth Orgyia postica Walker. Also, 21 species were observed as minor pests, ten species as natural enemies, two species as pollinators and five species as occasional visitors. Results revealed that the aphid incidence is at its peak (34.75 aphids/ 10cm apical length of twig/shoot/ plant) on the 25th SMW (standard meteorological week) (3rd week of June 2018). Such a peak of pale tussock moth larval incidence (3.82 larva/ plant) was during 28th SMW (2nd week of July). Likewise, the tussock moth larval incidence (4.15 larvae/ plant) was its peak on the 35th SMW (last week of August). The giant looper was at its peak (3.46 larvae/ plant) in the 28th SMW (2nd week of July). The cocoa tussock moth incidence was at the maximum of 4.75 larvae/ plant on the 26th SMW (27th June). Correlation coefficients (r) indicated significant correlation between the incidence of green apple aphid with maximum temperature; and larval incidence of tussock moth and cocoa tussock moth exhibiting a significant correlation with minimum temperature. Regression analysis done herein will provide the impact of independent variables on the dependent variables.

A preliminary study on moths (Lepidoptera) as pest of coffee plants from Northern Kerala

Occurrence of moths in agro-ecosystmes of Northern Kerala is little known, especially in coffee plant. The information given here is based on 27 species representing 16 genera of moths collected from the coffee plantations of northern Kerala covering five districts viz., Malappuram, Kozhikode, Wayanad, Kannaur and Kasargod during October 2018 to October 2019 over 95 nights of survey. Five species are reported as major pests (Hyposidra talaca, Eupterotis lineosa, Eupterotis mollifera, Eupterotis fabia, Eupterotis sp. 1) and 20 as minor pests of coffee (Asota plana, Asota caricae, Asota heliconia, Olene mendosa, Euproctis lethiana, Euproctis fraterna, Euproctis sp., Somena scintillans, Aloa lectinea, Creatonotos gangis, Hulodes caranca, Biston suppressaria, Ectropis crepuscularia, Ectropis bhurmitra, Orgyia postica, Psilalcis bisinuata, Miresa bracteata, Miresa inornata, Parasa lepida, Theretra alecto).

Population Density of Foliage Insect Pest on Jujube, Ziziphus mauritiana Lam. Ecosystem

Jujube, Ziziphus mauritiana L. is the King of arid zone fruits, due to its adaptations to tolerate the biotic and abiotic stresses. However, the occurrence of insect pest is the major threat to reduce the quality and quantity of fruits. The current studies are the first comprehensive evidence on the population density of foliage insect pests evaluated on two different varieties, Golden Gola (susceptible) and White Kherol (resistance) at farmer’s field Tando Qaiser, District Hyderabad during 2007 and 2008. A total of 13 different insect pests which were categorized as major (Ancylis sativa, Euproctis fraterna and Adoretus pallens), minor (Scirtothrips dorsalis, Amrasca biguttula biguttula, Myllocerus discolor, Achaea janata, Agrotis biconica and Aphis gossypii) and occasional (Oxycareous hyalinipennis, Dichromorpha viridis, Tarucus balkanicus and Orgyia postica) based on overall population of two years. The mean population percentage of insect pests indicates the highest percentage for E. fraterna followed by A. pallens, A. biguttula biguttula, M. discolor and S. dorsalis on White Kherol, whereas, Golden Gola was severely infested and showed maximum percentage with A. sativa followed by E. fraterna, S. dorsalis, A. pallens and A. biguttula biguttula. It is concluded that A. sativa, E. fraterna and A. pallens are serious insect pests of jujube. Pest monitoring with direct count and light trap can help to determine the ETL that is most important for the management of various insect pests including these major and minor pest. The present study will hopefully be helpful for management of foliage insect pests of jujube..

Characterization of posticlure and the structure-related sex pheromone candidates prepared by epoxidation of (6Z,9Z,11E)-6,9,11-trienes and (3Z,6Z,9Z,11E)-3,6,9,11-tetraenes

trans-11,12-Epoxy-(6Z,9Z)-6,9-henicosadiene (posticlure) has been identified from a pheromone gland of the lymantriid species, Orgyia postica. Since the diversity of Lepidoptera suggests that some species utilize the structure-related epoxy compound as a sex pheromone component, epoxydienes and epoxytrienes derived from (6Z,9Z,11E)-6,9,11-trienes and (3Z,6Z,9Z,11E)-3,6,9,11-tetraenes with a C19-C21 chain were systematically synthesized and the chemical data were accumulated in order to contribute to a new pheromone research. Peracid oxidation of each triene and each tetraene produced, respectively, a mixture of three epoxydienes (cis-6,7-epoxy-9,11-diene; cis-9,10-epoxy-6,11-diene; and trans-11,12-epoxy-6,9-diene) and four epoxytrienes (cis-3,4-epoxy-6,9,11-triene; cis-6,7-epoxy-3,9,11-triene; cis-9,10-epoxy-3,6,11-triene; and trans-11,12-epoxy-3,6,9-triene). While the 9,10-epoxy compounds were unstable and, interestingly, converted into 9-ketone derivatives after chromatography over SiO2, each positional isomer was isolated by HPLC equipped with an ODS column, and the chemical structure was determined by NMR analysis. On the GC-MS analysis with a DB-23 column, the positional isomers were also eluted separately and characteristic mass spectra were proposed. By comparing the spectral data of the epoxy compounds with a different carbon chain, diagnostic fragment ions reflecting the chemical structure were determined as follows: m/z 79, 109, 113, and M-114 for the 6,7-epoxydienes; m/z 69, 97, 111, 139, and M-111 for the 9,10-epoxydienes; m/z 57, 79, 109, 136, M-151, and M-111 for the 11,12-epoxydienes; m/z 79, 91, 105, and 119 for the 3,4-epoxytrienes; m/z 79, 124, M-124, M-96, and M-69 for the 6,7-epoxytrienes; m/z 79, 95, 109, 137, and M-108 for the 9,10-epoxytrienes; and m/z 79, 134, M-149, M-109, and M-95 for the 11,12-epoxytrienes.

The egg parasitoid Telenomus euproctidis (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) uses sex pheromone released by immobile female tussock moth Orgyia postica (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) as kairomone

Egg parasitoids Telenomus euproctidis Wilcox (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) were attracted to egg masses laid by wingless immobile female Orgyia postica (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae). Virgin females, a solvent extract of pheromone glands, and a synthetic sex pheromone, (6Z,9Z,11S,12S)-11,12-epoxyhenicosa-6,9-diene (posticlure), also attracted this parasitoid in the field, demonstrating that T. euproctidis uses the sex pheromone of female Org. postica as a kairomone to locate host eggs.

Synthesis of Chiral trans-Epoxides

A general, asymmetric route to various trans-epoxides is presented by the authors. The key step to enantioselectivity is an asymmetric, organocatalytic α-chlorination of aldehydes with prolinamide (1). Subsequently, addition of organolithium reagents to α-chloro aldehyde 2 with good to excellent diastereoselectivities (dr = 8:1 up to 20:1) and epoxide formation leads in direct sequence to alkynyl-, trans-alkenyl-, cis-alkenyl-, phenyl-, and alkyl-substituted trans-epoxides. This methodology, completed by Lindlar reduction of diynes, was applied in a three-step synthesis of trans-epoxide-containing insect sex pheromones isolated from female pine looper moth Bupalus piniarius (3) and female tussock moth Orgyia postica (4).

An Efficient Synthesis of (–)‐Posticlure: The Sex Pheromone of Orgyia postica

AbstractAn efficient multigram synthesis of (–)‐posticlure, the first trans‐epoxide sex pheromone found in Orgyia postica, from diethyl L‐tartrate is described. The synthesis was completed in seven steps and 27 % overall yield. The synthetic strategy features double‐Wittig olefination and a stereoselective one‐pot conversion of diol to epoxide as the key steps. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)

Sex Pheromone and Related Compounds in the Ishigaki and Okinawa Strains of the Tussock MothOrgyia postica(Walker) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae)

Two distinct electroantennographycally active (EAG-active) components, A and B, and a weakly active component C were found in a solvent extract from virgin females of the Ishigaki strain of the tussock moth, Orgyia postica (Walker). Components A, B, and C were found in the extract of the females at 4.0, 0.5, and 4.0 ng/female respectively. Components A, B, and C were identified as (6Z,9Z,11S,12S)-11,12-epoxyhenicosa-6,9-diene [(11S,12S)-1: posticlure], (6Z)-henicos-6-en-11-one (2), and (6Z,9Z)-henicosa-6,9-diene (3), respectively. Component B was absent in the extract from the Okinawa strain, in which components A and C were present at 2.0 and 1.5 ng/female respectively. (11S,12S)-1 and the racemic mixture showed attractiveness for both the Okinawa and Ishigaki strains, whereas (11R,12R)-1 did not. The addition of 2 significantly reduced the trap catches with (11S,12S)-1 on the Okinawa strain which lacked 2, while there was no significant inhibitory effect on the Ishigaki strain. The addition of 3 to (11S,12S)-1 did not significantly affect trap catches at Ishigaki or Okinawa. This confirmed that the attractant pheromone of O. postica of the Ishigaki strain is also (11S,12S)-1.

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Seven species of Lepidoptera—Tortricidae: Adoxophyes honmai Yasuda, Lobesia aeolopa Meyrick and Strepsicrates semicanella (Walker); Geometridae: Ectropis excellens (Butler) and Hyposidra talaca (Walker); and Lymantriidae: Orgyia postica (Walker) and Lymantria dispar albescens Hori et Umeno—were reared from larvae injurious to Eucalyptus spp. (Myrtaceae) cultivated in Japan. A. honmai, L. aeolopa, E. excellens, H. talaca and Ly. dispar albescens were newly recorded as pests of Eucalyptus spp. Strepsicrates rhothia (Meyrick), which had been considered a pest of Psidium guajava in Japan, was shown from the male genitalic characters to be really St. semicanella, distributed in Malaysia and Australia. The record of occurrence of St. rhothia in Japan was expunged. St. semicanella, hitherto recorded in Japan only from Okinawa, was recorded from a greenhouse of cultivated eucalyptus trees at Nagoya, Honshu. The immatures were inferred to have invaded the greenhouse from young eucalyptus leaves transferred from Nago, Okinawa-jima Is. Larvae of the three tortricid and two geometrid species were illustrated, and the distinguishing characters among the tortricids were given. The genitalia and immature stages of St. semicanella were described for the first time.

Synthesis of Posticlure [(6Z,9Z,11S,12S)-11,12-Epoxyhenicosa-6,9-diene], the Female Sex Pheromone of Orgyia postica

Starting from commercially available (E)-2-dodecenoic acid, posticlure [(6Z,9Z,11S,12S)-11,12-epoxyhenicosa-6,9-diene (1)], the female sex pheromone of the tussock moth (Orgyia postica), was synthesized in 25% overall yield (6 steps) by employing Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation as the key step. Its (11R,12R)-isomer as well as its racemate were also synthesized.

ChemInform Abstract: Posticlure: A Novel trans‐Epoxide as a Sex Pheromone Component of the Tussock Moth, Orgyia postica (Walker).

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

Posticlure: a novel trans-epoxide as a sex pheromone component of the tussock moth, Orgyia postica (Walker)

A single EAG-active component was found in a pheromone extract from virgin females of the tussock moth, Orgyia postica. This compound named posticlure possesses a trans-epoxy ring and was identified as (6 Z,9 Z,11 S,12 S)-11,12-epoxyhenicosa-6,9-diene by means of GC-MS, 1H NMR and chiral HPLC analyses, and further chemical derivation followed by the GC-MS analysis. In a field test with the pheromone synthesized stereoselectively, the male moths were specifically attracted to the (11 S,12 S)-isomer but not to the antipode.