Organs Of Rats Research Articles

Hydroethanolic extract of Ixora coccinea leaves inhibits testicular and epididymal toxicity associated with antitumor drug Cisplatin in rats

Cisplatin (Cp) is one of the most effective chemotherapy antineoplastic drugs. Nevertheless, it causes numerous injurious effects on numerous organs, precisely the testes. Ixora coccinea (IC) is a well-known medicinal herb and has a long history of medicinal use as a tonic to promote health. This study revealed the inhibitory effects of hydroethanolic extract of IC leaves (HEICL) on CP-induced testicular damage in male Wistar rats. Thirty (30) adult male Wistar rats were used and divided into six groups of five rats. These groups were treated as followed: Group 1(control group) and 2 were administered (0.9% saline) and CP (10 mg/kg. b.wt) intraperitoneal (IP) route respectively, and groups 3 and 4 were administered HEICL at 150 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg and 5 and 6 were co-treated with Cp + HEICL (150 and 300 mg/kg) respectively. The treatment duration was 28 days. Spermatological profiles and testicular histopathology were assessed. Cp-treated rats showed a significant (p<0.05) reduction in relative organ weight and sperm parameters. On the other hand, Cp treatment increased the percentage of sperm abnormalities relative to the control and the groups administered HEICL only. These results were confirmed by histopathological analysis. Contrarily, there were modulations in cp-induced spermiotoxic and testicular damage following the HEICL pretreatment. Our research showed that CP treatment exerts damaging consequences on sperm parameters, testicular tissues, and accessory sex organs in rats. Pre-treatment with HEICL for 26 days at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg bodyweight had a protective role against testicular damage brought on by CP.

Effect of hypericum alpestre and Rumexob Tusifolius L. extractson the alterations of proline quantity in various rat organs

The effect of extracts of Hypericum alpestre and Rumex obtusifolius L herbals on the amount of free proline and the activity of proline biosynthesis enzymes in various organs of the rat was studied. It was shown that the activity of proline biosynthesis enzymes under the influence of R. obtusifolius L. extracts decreased in the liver by 74.7%, in the brain by 51.7%, and no changes in enzyme activity were observed in the kidneys. Compared with the control group, proline biosynthesis in the liver of rats under the action of extracts of H. alpestre was completely inhibited, in the brain – by 29%. Inhibition of the activity of proline biosynthesis enzymes is explained by the presence of several biologically active compounds with anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, and anti-aging properties in the extracts of herbals.

Tannic Acid and Tea Prevents the Accumulation of Lead and Cadmium in the Lungs, Heart and Brain of Adolescent Male Wistar Rats-Possible Therapeutic Option.

Simple SummaryPolyphenols, including tannic acid, have strong antioxidant properties. They chelate prooxidant toxic metals and are known as pro-oxidant/antioxidant balance agents. Tea aids detoxification of the body by inhibiting absorption and facilitating excretion of toxic metals from the body. Since the tea infusions acted more effectively than the isolated TA, it can be assumed that the protective effect of teas on the organism against toxic metals should be considered in the context of the cumulative effect of various active substances present in the infusions.The protective effect of tannic acid and tea solutions on the lungs, hearts and brains of adolescent Wistar rats exposed to Pb and Cd was studied. Metals were administered with feed (7 mg Cd and 50 mg Pb/kg). Two experiments were carried. Experiment 1 aimed to determine the level of tannic acid (TA), most effectively reducing the adverse impact of Pb and Cd on the organs of adolescent rats (aged 5 weeks, weighing 169.3 ± 14.7 g) during combined exposure. TA was administered with drink (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 or 2.5% solutions). In Experiment 2, adolescent rats (aged 6 weeks, weighing 210.6 ± 12.1 g) received an aqueous solutions of black, green, red or white teas. TA and teas had a positive effect on reducing the accumulation of Cd in the organs. The results obtained suggest that long-term continuing administration of TA increases its effectiveness as a chelator for Pb. A 2% TA and white tea solution proved to be the most effective. In the analyzed tissues, increased activity of SOD and CAT was recorded as a result of the use of the TA and teas; thus, they can efficiently prevent the prooxidant effect of toxic metals.

Medical and biological studies of meat polycomponent products based on regional raw materials

The article is devoted to the study of the medical and biological safety of consumption of multicomponent meat-rich semi-finished products and semi-smoked sausage. When creating functional products, the approach of multi-ingredient modeling of the future product is applied according to the principle of adding nutritional and biological value. The multi-component nature of the constituent ingredients with different chemical composition makes it possible to obtain products with specified characteristics. There is a problem of ensuring the food safety of the developed product during production, storage and consumption of finished products.
 The purpose of the study was to study the effect of the developed meat-containing polycomponent semi-finished products and semi-smoked sausage on the growth dynamics and the level of metabolic processes of experimental rats when they are introduced into the standard diets of animals in the amount of 30 %. The work was performed on 36 white non-linear rats weighing 160–200 g.
 Medical and biological studies of multicomponent meat-containing products have shown their absence of a negative effect on the growth and development of animals, the level of metabolic processes during the growth period.
 It has been established, that feeding rats with meat-rich polycomponent products in the amount of 30 % of the standard diet increases the live weight of rats by 33–38 % within 3 weeks. Anatomopathological changes in the internal organs of the experimental rats were not detected.
 The inclusion of meat-rich multicomponent products in the diet of rats promotes the strengthening of hematological processes in the body, increases the concentration of erythrocytes in the blood to 8.01±0.11·1012/l, which is 12.7 % higher, compared to the control animals, increases the hemoglobin content in erythrocytes by 45.83–58.33 % higher, compared to the control animals.
 It has been proven, that the consumption of meat-containing multicomponent products by rats leads to an increase in the concentration of total protein by 4.79 %, hemoglobin by 42.12 %, and creatinine by 19.68 %. Enhanced protein synthesis due to intensification of catabolism leads to an increase in bilirubin concentration by 19.12–21.97 % compared to the control rats

Effect of perchlorate on ovarian morphology and histology, estrous cyclicity, steroidogenic enzyme activities and hormonal profiles in adult female rats

Perchlorate contamination is widespread for its industrial uses and natural occurrence. It is also used as an antithyroid drug. Perchlorate competitively inhibits iodide transport at the level of sodium-iodide symporter (NIS) in the thyroid gland, affecting thyroid hormone synthesis, resulting in alteration of thyroid gland structure and functions. Thyroid hormones are vital for proper functioning of the female reproductive system, since they modulate the metabolism and development of ovary and uterus. This study investigates the effect of perchlorate exposure for consecutive four weeks on the morphological and functional status of reproductive organs in adult female rats following parameters as the estrous cyclicity, histology of ovary and uterus, activities of steroidogenic enzymes, serum estradiol and estriol levels. Results revel irregular estrous cyclicity that ultimately ceased presenting a persistent estrous stage, hypertrophied ovary with corpora lutea of different sizes, large and inflated uterine lumen with proliferated endometrium comprising numerous secretory glands in the perchlorate exposed reproductive organs. The activities of steroidogenic enzymes (Δ⁵ 3β HSD and 17β HSD) were augmented that have heightened serum estriol level while the estradiol level was weakened. Therefore, an apparent hypertrophied and hyperfunctioning condition of ovary and uterus developed resembling pseudopregnancy on exposure of this iodide blocker

Novel lipid-coated mesoporous silica nanoparticles loaded with thymoquinone formulation to increase its bioavailability in the brain and organs of Wistar rats.

AimsThe Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) is a filter for most medications and blocks their passage into the brain. More effective drug delivery strategies are urgently needed to transport medications into the brain. This study investigated the biodistribution of thymoquinone (TQ) and the effect on enzymatic and non-enzymatic oxidative stress indicators in different brain regions, either in free form or incorporated into nanocarriers as mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs). Lipid bilayer-coated MSNs.Materials and methodsMSNs and LB-MSNs were synthesized and characterized using a transmission electron microscope and dynamic light scattering to determine the particle size and zeta potential. TQ encapsulation efficiency and TQ's release profile from LB-MSNs were also examined. The impact of loading LB-MSNs with TQ-on-TQ delivery to different brain areas was examined using chromatographic measurement. Furthermore, nitric oxide, malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione, and catalase were evaluated as oxidant and antioxidant stress biomarkers.Key findingsThe LB-MSNs formulation successfully transported TQ to several areas of the brain, liver, and kidney, revealing a considerable increase in TQ delivery in the thalamus (81.74%) compared with that in the free TQ group and a considerable reduction in the cortex (−44%). The LB-MSNs formulation had no significant effect on TQ delivery in the cerebellum, striatum, liver, and kidney.SignificanceTQ was redistributed in different brain areas after being encapsulated in LB-MSNs, indicating that LB-MSNs have the potential to be developed as a drug delivery system for selective clinical application of specific brain regions.ConclusionsLB-MSNs are capable nanoplatforms that can be used to target medications precisely to specific brain regions

Mast cells as biomarkers of inflamm-ageing

Most mechanisms of ageing are believed to be more or less associated with inflammation. With age, a unique form of chronic inflammation develops which is termed as inflamm-ageing. The mechanisms of this process are still not fully clear due to the lack of reliable assessment criteria. Immune system is among those involved in accelerating age-related changes in the body. It also directly participates in the process of inflammation. In its pathogenesis, the reaction of mast cells may be of great importance. The role of mast cells in tissue remodeling deserves special attention, since the latter event is among the main features associated with ageing. Hence, the inflamm-ageing is considered a sufficient indicator of ageing, and the mast cells could provide biomarkers of this process. In order to test the proposed hypothesis, the present study was conducted to determine age-related morpho-functional changes in mast cell populations in various organs in rats. Some morpho-functional parameters of mast cells (number, synthetic and functional activity, degree of maturation) in different animal organs were evaluated in male Wistar rats of different ages (4 months and 2 years). We have found the age-dependent changes upon examination of thymus, adrenal glands, and skin, i.e., a decrease in the number of mast cells and their synthetic capacity, along with significantly increased functional activity. In the stomach, small and large intestines, at the constant number of mast cells, we revealed a decrease in their synthetic ability, and increased functional activity. These changes were accompanied by enlargement of blood vessels in the studied organs. Liver is the only organ which did not exhibit any changes in mast cell populations with age. The detected changes in mast cell populations may play an important role in formation of inflamm-ageing events, which accompany the ageing processes, because these cells are an integral component of inflammatory response. The progression of inflamm-ageing leads to accumulation of cytokines and pro-inflammatory mediators in tissues, which, in turn, activate the mast cells. At the same time, increased degranulation of mastocytes may promote the process of inflamm-ageing. The oberved mutual influence of mast cells and inflamm-ageing makes it possible to consider mastocytes as potential candidates for searching the biomarkers in inflamm-ageing.

Sexual Dimorphism in the Expression of Cytochrome P450 Enzymes in Rat Heart, Liver, Kidney, Lung, Brain, and Small Intestine.

Cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes are monooxygenases that are expressed hepatically and extrahepatically and play an essential role in xenobiotic metabolism. Substantial scientific evidence indicates sex-specific differences between males and females in disease patterns and drug responses, which could be attributed, even partly, to differences in the expression and/or activity levels of P450 enzymes in different organs. In this study, we compared the mRNA and protein expression of P450 enzymes in different organs of male and female Sprague-Dawley rats by real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot techniques. We found significant sex- and organ-specific differences in several enzymes. Hepatic Cyp2c11, Cyp2c13, and Cyp4a2 showed male-specific expression, whereas Cyp2c12 showed female-specific expression. Cyp2e1 and Cyp4f enzymes demonstrated higher expression in the female heart and kidneys compared with males; however, they showed no significant sexual dimorphism in the liver. Male rats showed higher hepatic and renal Cyp1b1 levels. All assessed enzymes were found in the liver, but some were not expressed in other organs. At the protein expression level, CYP1A2, CYP3A, and CYP4A1 demonstrated higher expression levels in the females in several organs, including the liver. Elucidating sex-specific differences in P450 enzyme levels could help better understand differences in disease pathogeneses and drug responses between males and females and thus improve treatment strategies. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This study characterized the differences in the mRNA and protein expression levels of different cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes between male and female rats in the heart, liver, lung, kidney, brain, and small intestine. It demonstrated unique sex-specific differences in the different organs. This study is considered a big step towards elucidating sex-specific differences in P450 enzyme levels, which is largely important for achieving a better understanding of the differences between males and females in the disease's processes and treatment outcomes.

Assessment of Acute Oral Toxicity of Thiolated Gum Ghatti in Rats

Various drug delivery systems were developed using a modified form of gum ghatti. Modifying gum ghatti using thioglycolic acid improves its mucoadhesive property, and hence, it is a suitable approach for the fabrication and development of controlled drug delivery systems. In accordance with regulatory guidelines, namely, the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development’s (OECD) 423 guidelines, an acute oral dose toxicity study was performed to examine the toxicological effects of gum ghattiin an animal (Wistar rat) after a single oral dose administration of pure gum ghatti and thiolated gum ghatti. Orally administered pure and thiolated gum ghatti do not reveal any considerable change in the behavioral pattern, food intake, body weight, hematology, or clinical symptoms of treated animals. Furthermore, histopathological studies showed no pathological mutations in the vital organs of Wistar rats after the oral administration of single doses of both types of gumghatti (i.e., 300 mg/kg and 2000 mg/kg body weight). Whole blood clotting studies showed the low absorbance value of the modified gum (thiolated gum ghatti) in contrast to the pure gum and control, hence demonstrating its excellent clotting capability. The aforementioned toxicological study suggested that the oral administration of a single dose of pure and thiolated gum ghatti did not produce any toxicological effects in Wistar rats. Consequently, it could be a suitable and safe candidate for formulating various drug delivery systems.

Cream production and biological in vivo/in vitro activity assessment of a novel boron-based compound derived from quercetin and phenyl boronic acid

Boronic acids constitute an important class of synthetic intermediates due to their high chemical stability, ease of use, moderate organic Lewis acid properties, reduced reactivity profiles and numerous biological activities such as antibacterial and antioxidant. The present study documents the synthesis and characterization of a novel boronic ester compound (3,5,7-trihydroxy-2- (2-phenyl benzo [d] [1,3,2] dioxaborol-5-yl) −4H-chromen-4-a) which was derived from phenyl boronic acid and quercetin. The new boron-based compound was used in the cream formulation after evaluating its antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-enzyme, anticancer activities and electrochemical oxidation behaviour. Furthermore, the cream has been dermatologically and microbiologically tested. Also, histological evaluation of the agent was estimated on multiple rat organs by hematoxylin-eosin staining method. Antioxidant potential of the new compound was tested by ABTS cation radical (IC50: 0.11 ± 0.01 µg/mL), DPPH free radical scavenging (IC50: 0.14 ± 0.01 µg/mL), and CUPRAC (A0.5: 1.73 ± 0.16 µg/mL) methods, respectively. The compound determined to have a dominant antioxidant activity. In addition, the synthesized compound had no toxic effect on the healthy cell line (PDF), while having a very high (IC50: 18.76 ± 0.62 µg/mL) cytotoxic effect on the cancerous cell line (MCF-7). In general, the compound showed moderate acetylcholinesterase enzyme activity (IC50: 115.63 ± 1.16 µg/mL), high butyrylcholinesterase (IC50: 3.12 ± 0.04 µg/mL), antiurease (IC50: 1.10 ± 0.06 µg/mL), and antithyrosinase (IC50: 11.52 ± 0.46 µg/mL) enzyme activities. In addition, the compound was found to be effective against Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) bacteria studied at concentrations of 6.50 mg/mL. Moreover, the test results of the boronic ester compound used in the cream formulation demonstrated that it was microbiologically and dermatologically appropriate. Histologic analysis showed that the control group and experimental group were at similar properties without significant change. The phenyl boronic acid derivative compound synthesized from quercetin may have higher biological activity potential than quercetin. Due to the high biological activity potential of the synthesized compound, it has the potential to be used in food, feed, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.

Integrated multi-omics reveal important roles of gut contents in intestinal ischemia–reperfusion induced injuries in rats

Intestinal ischemia–reperfusion (IIR) is a life-threatening clinical event with damaging signals whose origin and contents are unclear. Here we observe that IIR significantly affect the metabolic profiles of most organs by unbiased organ-wide metabolic analysis of gut contents, blood, and fifteen organs in rats (n = 29). Remarkably, correlations between gut content metabolic profiles and those of other organs are the most significant. Gut contents are also the only ones to show dynamic correlations during IIR. Additionally, according to targeted metabolomics analysis, several neurotransmitters are considerably altered in the gut during IIR, and displayed noteworthy correlations with remote organs. Likewise, metagenomics analysis (n = 35) confirm the effects of IIR on gut microbiota, and identify key species fundamental to the changes in gut metabolites, particularly neurotransmitters. Our multi-omics results establish key roles of gut contents in IIR induced remote injury and provide clues for future exploration.

Ivermectin and Allium cepa Protect against Cadmium-Induced Ovarian and Uterine Damage in Adult Wistar Rats

Background: Female reproductive organs are more susceptible to the risk of increased cadmium accumulation. Ivermectin is a known therapeutic drug in general medicine, while Allium cepa possesses antioxidant ability. This study investigated the effects of Ivermectin and Allium cepa on cadmium-induced ovarian and uterine damage in adult Wistar rats. Methodology: Twenty-Eight adult female Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups. Group (A); control group, Group (B); treated with 1.2 mg/kg b.w of Ivermectin, Group (C); treated with 1.2 mg/kg BW of Ivermectin and 2 mg/kg BW Cadmium respectively, Group (D); treated with 2 mg/kg BW Cadmium, Group (E); treated with 2 mg/kg BW Cadmium and 1.5 ml Allium cepa respectively, and Group (F); treated with 1.5 ml Allium cepa. The administration was done orogastrically and daily for four weeks. Animals were euthanized by cervical dislocation twenty- four hours after the last administration, Ovary and Uterus excised following abdominal incision, tissues for histological observation fixed in Bouins’ fluid for H/E stain, Masson trichrome, fuelgen stain, and toluidine blue stain respectively. Samples for enzymes assay were homogenized in 5% sucrose solution for lipid peroxidation using; MDA and the antioxidant enzymes using SOD and CAT. Result: Cadmium treatment exerted oxidative stress, elevated the enzyme markers for oxidative damage in the ovary and uterus, and increased lipid peroxidation leading to cell membrane damage. Histological alterations, degeneration of ovarian follicles, and loss of endometrial lining characterized the animals exposed to cadmium. Allium cepa increased the antioxidant enzymes; SOD and CAT while lowering the MDA activities in Cadmium-induced oxidative stress. Histological integrity of the ovary and uterus was maintained; follicular development was evident at various stages, and the endometrial lining integrity was maintained. Conclusion: This study demonstrated the protective role of Allium cepa and Ivermectin against cadmium toxicity on the reproductive organs in female adult Wistar rats

Potential Effects of Wild Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum L.) Seed Extract Intervention on Oxidative Stress Induced by Busulfan Drug in Different Organs of Rats

Chemotherapeutic agent, busulfan, induce oxidative stress as a mechanism to kill cancer cells, however, it may also cause oxidative stress in non-target tissues and thereby lead to normal tissue injury. Milk thistle (Silybum marianum L.) has been used for centuries as a herbal drug. The present study was carried out to investigate the potential effects of wild Silybum marianum seed ethanol extract (SMSEE) intervention on oxidative stress induced by busulfan drug in different organs of Rats. For the study 42 rats were prepared and fed with special ration, then they were divided to 7 groups with 6 rats in each group: group 1, Normal control: healthy rats without intervention; group 2.control SMSEE, 400 mg/kg/day SMSEE; group 3, positive control group received 20 mg/kg/day busulfan, group 4, treated group received 20 mg/kg/day busulfan + 200 mg/kg/day SMSEE; group 5, treated group received 20 mg/kg/day busulfan+ 400 mg/kg/day SMSEE; group 6, treated group received 20 mg/kg/day busulfan + 600 mg/kg/day SMSEE; group 7, treated group received 20 mg/kg/day busulfan + 800 mg/kg/day SMSEE. The amount of oxidative stress parameters (ROS and MDA), glutathione fractions (GSH and GSSG), and antioxidant enzymes (GSH-Px, GSH-Rd, SOD and CAT) in the different tissue extracts (liver, kidneys, heart, spleen, pancreas and testes) were measured. The results of this study showed that after busulfan treatment the levels of ROS and MDA were significantly (p≤0.05) increased and GSH, GSSG, GSH-Px, GSH-Rd, SOD and CAT were decreased in all studied organs. Treatment of busulfan administration rats with SMSEE leads to the opposite direction by different rates. In conclusion, the use of busulfan in rats administration induce oxidative stress in different organs and SMSEE had an preventive role through decreasing the ROS and the lipid peroxidation, and improvement the oxidative defense system. These results provide a basis for the use of Silybum marianum extracts as promising tools in the future for many important nutritional and therapeutic applications.

Overview and analysis of internal radiation dose estimates in experimental animals in a framework of international studies of the sprayed neutron-induced 56Mn radioactive microparticles effects.

The aim of overview is to present the pooled data of published internal dose estimates and the results of corresponding analysis of internal irradiation features of experimental mice and rats after exposure to sprayed neutron activated radioactive 56MnO2. These dose estimates were conducted in a framework of multicenter international study to investigate biological effects as a result of exposure to sprayed radioactive 56MnO2 microparticles. Radionuclide 56Mn (T1/2 = 2.58 h) is one of the main gamma-beta emitters during the first hours after neutron activation of soil following nuclear explosion. It was concluded that there are three groups of organs of mice and rats, the radiation doses of which differ by approximately an order of magnitude: the group with the highest radiation doses (large and small intestine, stomach, skin and lungs), the group with lowered radiation doses (eyes, esophagus, trachea), the group with the lowest radiation doses (liver, heart, kidneys). The radiation doses to organs are proportional to the activity of the sprayed radioactive powder. The distribution of internal radiation doses among organs of experimental mice of different strains but of the same age was practically the same in case of exposure to the same activity of sprayed 56MnO2 powder. Doses of internal irradiation of experimental mice substantially exceed the doses of internal irradiation of experimental rats exposed to the same activities of the sprayed 56MnO2 powder. The data presented in the overview can be helpful for further investigation and for interpretation of the biological effects of this type of irradiation.

Tissue distribution and metabolic profiling of cyclosporine (CsA) in mouse and rat investigated by DESI and MALDI mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) of whole-body and single organ cryo-sections.

Therapeutic peptides are a fast-growing class of pharmaceuticals. Like small molecules, the costs associated with their discovery and development are significant. In addition, since the preclinical data guides first-in-human studies, there is a need for analytical techniques that accelerate and improve our understanding of the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) characteristics of early drug candidates. Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI), which can be used to visualize drug distribution in intact tissue, has been extensively used to study small molecule drugs, but only applied to a limited extent to larger molecules, such as peptides, after dosing. Herein, we use MSI to obtain spatial information on the distribution and metabolism of a peptide drug. The immunosuppressant cyclosporine (CsA), a cyclic undecapeptide, was used as a-proof-of-concept peptide and investigated by desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) MSI. Calibration curves were made based on a spiked tissue homogenate model. Different washing protocols were tested to improve sensitivity, but CsA, being a quite lipophilic peptide, was found not to benefit from tissue washing. The distribution of CsA and its metabolites were mapped in whole-body mouse sections and within rat organs. Whole-body DESI-MSI studies in mice showed widespread distribution of CsA with highest abundance in organs like the pancreas and liver. After 24h, hydroxy and dihydroxy metabolites of CsA were detected predominantly in the intestines, which were largely devoid of CsA. In addition to the DESI-MSI experiments, MALDI-MSI was also conducted on rat jejunum at higher spatial resolution, revealing the morphology of the jejenum at greater detail; however, DESI provided similar results for drug and metabolite distribution in rat jejunum at apparent slightly better sensitivity. Given its label-free nature, MSI could provide valuable ADME insight, especially for candidates in the early-stage pipeline before radiolabeling.

Uji Toksisitas Sub-Kronik 28 Hari Ekstrak Metanolik Daun Benalu Teh Dan Benalu Mangga Terhadap Fungsi Jantung Tikus Wistar Betina

Benchmark damage to heart function lies in LDH, CPK, CK-MB as well as histopathology of heart organs. This study aims to determine the 28-day subchronic toxicity of methanolic extracts of tea parasites and mango parasites (EMBTBM) on the heart function of female Wistar rats by experimental methods. In analyzing the data, one way ANOVA test is used, namely SPSS with version 1.0 1.0. A total of 20 female Wistar rats were used as test animals. Then divided into 4 treatments, namely control, treatment 1 dose 250 mg/KgBW, treatment 2 dose 500 mg/KgBW and treatment 3 dose 1000 mg/KgBW, each containing 5 mice. From the results of the study, it was found that EMBTBM positively contained flavonoids in the form of quercetin and rutin to reduce LDH, CPK, and CK-MB levels in female Wistar rats, and be safe against the histopathology of the heart organs of female Wistar rats.

Biotechnological Effect of Fermented Mung Beans (Vigna Radiata) Flour and Its Protein Quality in Wistar Rats

Fermentation with inclusion of organisms has been shown to improve the nutritional quality of food. This work was designed to investigate the effect of fermented mung beans (Vigina radiata) flour and protein quality in Wistar rats. The seed of V. radiata was sorted, washed, sun-dried, and later aseptically pulverized. The flour was then divided into seven portions of 500 g each and put in sterile containers. The six portions of flour were subjected to natural and induced fermentation for 4 days, using naturally occurring bacteria singly as a starter culture at 28 ±2oC, while the unfermented portion served as a control. The product of fermentation was used to determine the nutritional quality of the unfermented and fermented mung beans flour by studying the growth weight of visceral organs and body weight of rats and nitrogen retention of animals in various tissues of the internal organs, faeces and urine and protein quality of experimental animals fed. The growth weight of visceral organs and body weight of rats in the kidney (g) ranged from 17.52 ±0.62 to 23.07 ±0.78, liver (g) from 85.77 ±0.30 to 117.52 ±0.50 while muscle (g) ranged from 68.99 ±0.10 to 134.56 ±0.47. Nitrogen retention of animals fed with unfermented and fermented mung beans flour in kidney (g) 13.45 ±0.02 to 50.34 ±0.01, liver (g) 12.44 ±0.01 to 50.38 ±0.02, muscle (g) 12.89 ±0.01 to 50.55 ±0.01, faeces (g) 0.36 ±0.01 to 0.89 ±0.01 while urine 0.35 ±0.01 to 0.84 ±0.02. The protein quality of experimental animals fed in Biological Value (BV) ranged from 0.00 to 70.67 ±1.15, Net Protein Utilization (NPU) 0.00 to 76.33 ±1.53, Protein Efficiency Ratio (PER) 0.00 to 2.27 ±0.15, Net Protein Ratio (NPR) 0.00 to 3.47 ±0.11 while gained/loss ranged from -10.59 ±0.01 to 30.88 ±5.76. The fermentation increase quality of nutrient present in mung beans and fermented mung beans flour may promote the weight of internal organs of Wistar rats.

Age-Specific Features of the Levels of Reference Proteins Actin, Tubulin, and GAPDH in Different Organs of Male Wistar Rats.

Western blot analysis is used for evaluation of the level of proteins production in organs and tissues, and housekeeping proteins GAPDH, actin, and tubulin are usually used as the reference proteins. The signal of the target protein is normalized to the corresponding signal of the reference protein. The data on the intensity of actin, tubulin, and GAPDH synthesis are fragmentary: their expression differs in different organs and can vary depending on age, which is often not taken into account in experimental studies. We studied the features of the production of reference proteins in the liver, heart, brain, and lungs of newborn, prepubertal, and adult male Wistar rats. Age-related differences in the expression of β-actin, β-tubulin, and GAPDH in the myocardium and dorsal prefrontal cortex were revealed. GAPDH expression in the dorsal prefrontal cortex in adult rats was significantly higher than in prepubertal rats; GAPDH expression in the myocardium of adult rats was significantly higher than in newborns. The level of actin in the dorsal prefrontal cortex in newborn rats was significantly higher than in prepubertal and adult rats. In the liver and lungs, the expression of actin, tubulin, and GAPDH did not differ in newborn, prepubertal, and adult rats. When choosing the reference protein for Western blotting, animals age and the studied organ should be taken into account.

Angioprotective and Follicle-Stimulating Effects of Administration of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Chronic Inflammation of Internal Reproductive Organs.

Induced inflammation of reproductive organs in female Wistar rats was associated with an increase in the diameters of arteries and veins and number of blood vessels in the ovary medulla in combination with an increase in the number of lymphatic vessels; these changes were accompanied by reduction of the ovarian reserve and number of yellow bodies. Intravenous and submucosal injection of bone marrow multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (BМ-ММSC) led to further increase in the diameters of arteries and veins and number of primordial and primary follicles. The injection of conditioned medium of BМ-ММSC cultures generally produced the same effects, which could demonstrate the secretory mechanisms of their influence on local angiogenesis and folliculogenesis.

Repeated Administration of Low Dose Isoprenaline on the Rat’s Cardiovascular System

Isoprenaline (ISO) at high doses can cause severe stress to myocardium resulting in an infarct-like necrosis in rats. However, its effects at repeatedly low dose exposure on heart, kidney and aorta are still unclear. Hence, this study was aimed to investigate the effects of repeated administration of low dose ISO on the organs in rats by using Langendorff-perfused isolated hearts, ELISA kits, qPCR and histopathology techniques. Male Wistar rats (n=24) were randomly divided into three groups which were given 5 or 10 mg/kg/day of ISO (ISO 5 and ISO 10, respectively), or normal saline (control) subcutaneously for 14 days. Blood pressure was recorded at day-0, 7 and 14. Heart, aorta, kidneys, and blood were then collected. ISO at both doses significantly increased the heart weight and blood pressure (p<0.05), while the heart rate was significantly decreased (p<0.05). ISO also increased serum troponin and NT-pro-BNP, and decreased vascular relaxation dose-dependently. Group ISO 10 showed significantly increased cardiomyocyte area and cardiac collagen content, as well as reduced serum nitrite (p<0.05). However, ISO at both doses did not affect the cardiac mechanical function, renal oxidative stress, inflammation, as well as renal gene expressions of angiotensin-converting enzyme and angiotensin II type 1 receptor. In conclusion, repeated low dose of ISO significantly causes myocardial injury and reduces vascular function in rats. The findings imply that this rat model could be a suitable model of heart injury without the complication of renal injury.