Personal Organizers Research Articles

Gut Microbial Profile Differences in Autoimmune Diseases

The human gut microbiota has been widely studied due to the possibility of high-throughput sequencing. Humans are distinctly inhabited by normal flora and symbiotic microbial flora, with bacteria accounting for the vast bulk of the component microorganisms. These organisms can be found in a variety of locations throughout the body, including the oral cavity, vagina, skin and stomach. Microbe types and abundance vary in different organs of the same person, but they may also differ between persons. They are very important for human health and also affect the immune system by altering its metabolism and behavior. Conditions such as malnutrition, Crohn’s disease, inflammatory bowel disease and colon colitis, in addition to metabolic disorders including type II diabetes and obesity, have all been associated with the gut microbiota. Several studies in recent years have emphasized the relevance and involvement of commensal bacteria in the development of a variety of disorders, including autoimmune diseases. Autoimmune diseases, Such as Graves’ disease, systemic erythematosus lupus (SLE), and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), are commonly known for their loss of self-tolerance, a hyperactive reaction against the body’s own tissue. Autoimmune diseases are triggered by the immune system targeting self-tissues, and their global frequency is estimated to be between 3 and 5%. This review reaffirms the links between autoimmune disorders and gut bacteria. The precise pathophysiology is unknown; however, environmental factors (such as lifestyle, diet, medications, and infections) and specific genetic conditions have been expected. The gut microbiota is important in autoimmunity because changes in microbial composition can trigger immunological tolerance loss.

Systemic endothelium damage and its functional consequences under the action of injuries and infectious agents

Topicality: Blockage of hemorrhage due to vascular damage is the leading role of the clotting cascade of the hemostasis system. Recently, two types of such damage have become highly relevant. The first of them is caused by viral damage to the endothelium, which leads to uncontrolled cascade activation of the descending system. The second type is caused by aquabarotrauma and associated hydrodynamic shock. Both types of damage lead to the development of thrombotic-fibrous complications of the circulatory system due to the formation of long fibrin deposits. Such deposits are resistant to the action of the fibrinolytic system due to their irregular and chaotic structure. This, in turn, leads to severe functional complications. Aim: Systematize data on molecular and cellular features of systemic damage to the endothelium. To compare the clinical material of persons who suffered from or died of COVID-19. To compare the functional disorders of the hearing organs in persons who have experienced akubarotrauma or who have become ill with COVID-19. Results and discussion: The clinical material of persons who suffered from COVID-19 or died as a result of it is presented. The functional disorders of the hearing organs in persons who have experienced acubarotrauma or who have become ill with COVID-19 are considered. The reasons for the resistance of thrombotic-fibrous deposits in vessels with systemically damaged endothelium are discussed. Possible methodical approaches to overcoming the considered functional complications are discussed.

Judicial review of the legality of decisions of the General Meeting of Members of the Limited Liability Company

An essential principle of the rule of law is the principle of legality, which implies compliance with the Constitution and the normative acts by all subjects of law, including and in their capacity as participants in the civil circuit (natural persons, legal persons). A limited liability company is a legal subject from the date of its registration in the State Register of Legal Entities until the date of its removal from the Register, and in the period between these two dates it must live its ‘life’, operate and function in full compliance with the provisions of the relevant legal acts. This requirement applies both to the company as a legal person and to its structural elements (general meeting of shareholders, administrator, board, board of auditors, members, etc.). The actions of the organs of the legal person are considered actions of the legal person itself if they have been carried out in compliance with the legal provisions. If there is any doubt, those with a legal interest are entitled to apply to the competent courts to verify the legality of legal acts (decisions, resolutions, contracts, etc.) and, if necessary, to ask for them to be remedied - including having them declared null and void.

Dielectric and Thermal Transport Properties of Lithium Manganate (LiMn2O4) for Use in Electrical Storage Devices

Lithium manganate (LM) has been extremely well established as a material for applications in electronic devices such as personal organizers, pagers, personal computers, facsimile machines, portable stereophonic equipment, and cellular phones. LM nanoparticles have been prepared via the sol-gel method through a stoichiometric quantity of Manganese acetate tetrahydrate, Lithium hydroxide monohydrate, and Citric acid anhydrous taken in 1:2:3 ratios. The calcination was done with the resulting powder samples at different temperatures of 600 °C and 700 °C. The LM powder samples were utilized for dissimilar characterizations for FTIR spectral analysis exhibiting the presence of functional groups. PXRD result illustrates that the “h, k, l” values are well matched by the earlier reported values. The dielectric properties are calculated at different temperatures from 50 °C to 350 °C. When the calcination temperature increases the conductivity of the sample also increases. The dielectric loss and dielectric constant confirm the normal dielectric behavior of the material. XPS results show the measured empirical formula, elemental composition, and electronic state of the elements in a material. Photoacoustic spectroscopy analysis of the title compound values makes it a promising material for Li-ion battery and electrical storage devices applications.

Testing the homogeneity of proportions for combined unilateral and bilateral data

ABSTRACT Measurements are generally collected as unilateral or bilateral data in clinical trials or observational studies. For example, in ophthalmologic studies, statistical tests are often based on one or two eyes of an individual. For the bilateral data, recent literatures have shown some test procedures that take into account the intraclass correlation between paired organs of the same person. Ma et al. investigated three test procedures under Rosner’s model. In this paper, we extend Ma’s work for bilateral data to combined bilateral and unilateral data. The proposed procedures are based on the likelihood estimate algorithm derived from the root of 4th order polynomial equations and the Fisher scoring iterations. Simulation studies are performed to compare the testing procedures under different parameter configurations. The result shows that score test has satisfactory type I error rates and powers. Therefore, we recommend score test for testing the homogeneity of proportions. We illustrate the application of the proposed methods with two real world examples.

Захворюваність на непухлинні хвороби органів травлення в осіб віком 18 років і старше, евакуйованих з 30-кілометрової зони ЧАЕС, у післяаварійний період (1992–2016)

Захворюваність на непухлинні хвороби органів травлення в осіб віком 18 років і старше, евакуйованих з 30-кілометрової зони ЧАЕС, у післяаварійний період (1992–2016)

Applications, Confidentiality Andencryption in WLAN

Devices commonly used for wireless media include mobile computers, desktop, handheld computer systems, personal digital assistants (Personal organizers), cellular phones, pen- based personal computers, as well as pagers. Wireless networks operate identical to wired networks, having said that, wireless networks have to turn information signals right into a form suited for transmission using the air tool.

A Prototype of a Personal Organ Dose Archive for Accurate Organ Dose Tracking in Radiotherapy

A Prototype of a Personal Organ Dose Archive for Accurate Organ Dose Tracking in Radiotherapy

The impact of human age on the amount of absorbed energy from mobile phone

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to determine the impact of human age on the distribution of electric field and absorbed energy that originates from a mobile phone.Design/methodology/approachThis research was performed for frequencies of 900, 1800 and 2100 MHz, which are used in a mobile communication system. To obtain the most accurate results, 3 D realistic model of the child’s head has been created whereby the dimensions of this model correspond to the dimensions of a seven-year-old child. Distribution of the electric field and specific absorption rate (SAR) through the child’s head was obtained by numerical analysis based on the finite integration technique.FindingsThe results discover that amount of absorbed energy is greater in the surface layers of the child’s head model when the electromagnetic (EM) characteristics of tissues are adjusted for the child. This deviation corresponds to different EM characteristics of biological tissues and organs of an adult person compared to a child.Research limitations/implicationsThe study deals with penetrated electrical field and absorbed EM field energy. There is space for further studies of other EM field effects (e.g. thermal effects).Practical implicationsThe analysis of obtained results leads to idea that mobile phones and devices aimed for children using should be modified to provide SAR values inside prescribed standards.Social implicationsThe obtained results are foundation for future research on influence of EM fields of mobile devices on human health.Originality/valueThe proposed procedure offers the model for accurate estimation and quality analysis of SAR and EM field distribution inside child head tissue.

Let’s get personal: the little nudge that improves document retrieval in the Cloud

PurposeState-of-the-art cloud applications are problematic for collaborative document management; their current design does not encourage active personal folder categorization. Cloud applications such as Google Drive and Microsoft’s OneDrive store documents automatically, so at no point are users directed to categorize them by placing them in folders. To encourage active categorization and promote effective retrieval of cloud documents, the authors designed an add-on “nudge” called Personal Organizer which prompts Google Drive users to categorize by storing cloud documents in personal folders. The add-on prompt is triggered when users attempt to close uncategorized or unnamed documents. The purpose of this paper is to test whether using the Personal Organizer add-on leads participants to actively store their documents in folders that they personally created, and whether this promotes more successful and efficient retrieval.Design/methodology/approachTo test the add-on, the authors conducted a pretest-manipulation-post-test intervention study with 34 participants lasting over three months. In both tests, participants were asked to retrieve personal documents taken from their own “Recents” list to improve ecological validity.FindingsUsing our add-on doubled the percentage of documents that were actively stored in folders. Additionally, using personally created folders substantially improved retrieval success while decreasing retrieval time.Originality/valueImplementing our findings can improve document storage and retrieval for millions of users of collaborative cloud storage. The authors discuss broader theoretical implications concerning the role of active organization for retrieval in collaborative repositories, as well as design implications.

PHP189 - NATIONAL MY KANTA PAGES PATIENT PORTAL SERVICE: IMPLEMENTATION, USE AND USERS IN 2010-2017 IN FINLAND

To study national My Kanta service implementation, use and users in 2010-2017 in Finland. My Kanta pages patient portal was launched 20 May 2010 together with ePrescription service. Since the launch, 2.37 Million (M) unique persons have used the service by 31 Dec 2017. In 2017 there were 1.88M users, the proportion of users was 42.3% nationally, highest (47.3%) in Northern Ostrobothnia and in Uusimaa (45.0%) counties, whereas lowest in Åland (14.6%) and Osthrobothnia (34.6%) counties. By 31 Dec 2017, My Kanta pages had had 16.45M visitors, who had opened the entry page 32.45M times for various sessions. Prescription medication renewal request service was launched 18 Nov 2015, and since then 3.96M requests were sent to health care providers from My Kanta pages. Caregiver of a child under 10 yr old has had a limited access to see and act on behalf of the child from 27 Oct 2016, and since then 1.06M registered events had taken place by 31 Dec 2017. Altogether 5.57M persons had been informed about the Kanta Services by 31 Dec 2017, and 2,88M persons had given their consent to give health care providers access to his/her health record data whereas 68 349 had restricted/denied data access. In addition, 223 998 persons had made a personal organ donation will and 21 915 persons their living will. At the end of 2017 all (100%) pharmacies (815) and public health care providers (165 organisations) send electronic, encrypted, standardised data to national Kanta Services (ePrescription Service, or Patient Data Repository). In addition, 1268 private health care organisations send prescription and 323 also EHR data to Kanta Services. Since 7.5 years after the launch, national My Kanta pages patient portal is in active use among patients, pharmacies, public and private health care providers.

Organ Transplantation in Iran; Current State and Challenges with a View on Ethical Consideration.

Organ transplantation is a new issue in medical science. It is an important achievement and a sign of the progression and ability of medical centers around the world. Governments, populations, the medical community and people involved in culture, art, and media all have a decisive role in the culture of organ donation, which is the only way to guarantee that the healthy organs of a brain-dead person can continue to work and save the lives of people in need of organ transplantation. The brain death phenomenon and its possible application in organ transplantation, while offering new hope for the salvation of a number of patients, has led to many ethical, cultural, and legal issues. Ethical issues in organ transplantation are very complicated due to many social factors such as religion, culture, and traditions of the affected communities. The ethical and legal points of removing organs from the body of a living or cadaveric source, the definition of brain death, the moral and legal conditions of the donor and the recipient, and the financial relationship between them and many others, are all critical issues in organ transplantation. While there may be no available explicit solution to these issues, they should be rigorously considered by the experts. Efforts to systematically eliminate barriers and solve problems in organ transplantation, can not only reduce the costs of maintaining brain-dead patients and encourage patients that need organ transplantation but can also prevent immoral and illegal activities. In this paper, we have reviewed the most important and current challenges in organ transplantation with a view to the ethical considerations, and we have suggested some strategies to extend it in Iran.

Prensa y partido en el republicanismo progresista: El Porvenir (1882-1885)

El artículo propone un análisis conjunto de los aspectos discursivos, formales y económicos de un periódico político arquetípico de la Restauración. <em>El Porvenir</em> fue el órgano de Manuel Ruiz Zorrilla y del Partido Republicano Progresista. Se trata, por ello, de un periódico de partido y de oposición antimonárquica en una época en la que se impone la prensa independiente y de negocio. Constituye, por otra parte, un caso excepcional por haberse conservado su documentación financiera en el archivo privado de Ruiz Zorrilla. Estas fuentes inéditas convierten a <em>El Porvenir</em> en una herramienta para conocer en profundidad el sector periodístico desde el punto de vista económico, así como la relación de estos aspectos con los fines políticos que un periódico de sus características se proponía.

Knowledge levels of and attitudes to organ donation and transplantation among university students.

OBJECTIVE:The aim of the present study was to determine knowledge levels and attitudes about organ donation and transplantation among university students.METHODS:This descriptive study was performed with third-grade students of medicine, pharmacy, and law at a university. Samples weren’t selected in the study and it was executed with 145 students who had agreed to participate in the study. The data was collected using a questionnaire of 19 questions. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data.RESULTS:71.7% of students had positive views about transplantation of their own organs to a suitable recipient, with half of them giving being useful to others as a reason. Among students who had negative views about organ donation, the most important reason given was that it would mean a loss of bodily integrity. 44.1% of participants had positive views about transplantation of their relatives’ organs to another person after death. 51.7% of participants had positive views about transplantation of the organs of a homeless person to another person after death.CONCLUSION:Students had generally positive views about organ donation. However; organ transplantation and donation should be included in the students’ educational programs in order to increase positive attitudes and organ donations, and transform attitudes into behaviors.

Losing Faith in the Dead Donor Rule

According to the Dead Donor Rule (DDR), vital organs can only be removed from donors who are already dead. Organ procurement, in other words, must not be the cause of their deaths. The rule purports to protect dying and vulnerable individuals from being sacrificed for the benefit of other people who are in need of those organs. This notion that innocent human beings should not be used as means to an end is undoubtedly a concern that is unequivocally shared by Abrahamic faith communities. In this regard, the philosophy and rationale of the DDR fully cohere with their religious teachings. However, the method by which death is officially diagnosed to determine when an individual qualifies as a dead donor is not one that they necessarily share. Whilst English law recognises death as having occurred when the brainstem is dead, these faith communities ordinarily associate death with the departure of the soul. The latter is signified by the cessation of breathing and heartbeat. From this perspective, a person is still alive as long as they are still breathing even if this function is rendered possible only through artificial ventilation. Since it is currently lawful to remove the vital organs of mechanically-ventilated brainstem dead persons without contravening the DDR, it will be argued that the rule does not adequately protect the welfare of Christians, Muslims and Jews in the UK. The article ends by making recommendations on how their faith in the DDR could be restored.

Do unto others: doctors' personal end-of-life resuscitation preferences and their attitudes toward advance directives.

ObjectiveHigh-intensity interventions are provided to seriously-ill patients in the last months of life by medical sub-specialists. This study was undertaken to determine if doctors' age, ethnicity, medical sub-specialty and personal resuscitation and organ donation preferences influenced their attitudes toward Advance Directives (AD) and to compare a cohort of 2013 doctors to a 1989 (one year before the Patient Self Determination Act in 1990) cohort to determine any changes in attitudes towards AD in the past 23 years.DesignDoctors in two academic medical centers participated in an AD simulation and attitudes survey in 2013 and their responses were compared to a cohort of doctors in 1989.OutcomesResuscitation and organ donation preferences (2013 cohort) and attitudes toward AD (1989 and 2013 cohorts).ResultsIn 2013, 1081 (94.2%) doctors of the 1147 approached participated. Compared to 1989, 2013 cohort did not feel that widespread acceptance of AD would result in less aggressive treatment even of patients who do not have an AD (p<0.001, AUC = 0.77); had greater confidence in their treatment decisions if guided by an AD (p<.001, AUC = 0.58) and were less worried about legal consequences of limiting treatment when following an AD (p<.001, AUC = 0.57). The gender (p = 0.00172), ethnicity (χ2 14.68, DF = 3,p = .0021) and sub-specialty (χ2 28.92, p = .004, DF = 12) influenced their attitudes towards AD. 88.3% doctors chose do-not-resuscitate status and wanted to become organ donors. Those less supportive of AD were more likely to opt for “full code” even if terminally ill and were less supportive of organ donation.ConclusionsDoctors' attitudes towards AD has not changed significantly in the past 23 years. Doctors' gender, ethnicity and sub-specialty influence their attitudes towards AD. Our study raises questions about why doctors continue to provide high-intensity care for terminally ill patients but personally forego such care for themselves at the end of life.

Limiting donor conceptions to six: Time for change

In terms of the Regulations Relating to the Artificial Fertilisation of Persons (R.175) of the National Health Act, when gametes are removed or withdrawn from the body of a gamete donor, this is done for the purpose of artificial fertilisation. In the Regulations, artificial fertilisation is defined as '... the introduction by other than natural means of a male gamete or gametes into the internal reproductive organs of a female person for the purpose of human reproduction ...'. All information regarding the donated gametes is to be stored in an electronic central databank. No further gametes can be removed or withdrawn from the body of a donor once six children have been conceived through artificial fertilisation using the gametes of that donor. If a competent person involved in this aspect of reproductive medicine is informed or suspects that the maximum number of conceptions have occurred, s/he must make the donor aware of this and in addition must inform the donor that s/he may not make any further donation of gametes. This information must also be relayed to the central databank. A competent person is defined very broadly as a medical practitioner specialising in gynaecology with training in reproductive medicine, or a medical scientist, medical technologist or clinical technologist with training in reproductive biology and related laboratory procedures.

OHP-031 The use of handheld devices among healthcare staff and students in a teaching hospital in Qatar

BackgroundHand-held computers, also commonly known as personal digital assistants (PDAs) were originally designed as personal organisers. Nowadays, many healthcare professionals use PDAs in their clinical work, accessing medicines databases, guidelines...

Considerations on the Action of the Administrative Liability of Legal Entities in View of the New Civil Code

In the new framework set up by the New Civil Code, Art. 220 introduces the broad category of liability of the members of the legal regulating action against managers, directors and other persons acting as members of the organs of the legal person, for damages caused to it. It should be noted that for the first time, a rule of general application governing such an action for damages, Decree No. 31/1954 regarding individuals and legal entities as a general rule on applicable until the entry into force of the new Civil Code, making no mention of the action of bodies responsible legal person. Instead, the special rule, Company Law No. 31/1990, already covered in Art. 155 action for damages against directors, for damages caused to society by them in breach of their duties to society. In this context such regulation was necessary in the Civil Code applicable to all categories of legal persons. Closely related to action for damages indirectly, Art. 220 Civil Code qualifying officers and directors as organs of the legal person. But in matters related to the promotion of the action for damages manager requires a review of the administrative concept as defined in other texts of the corpus of the Civil Code, namely Art. 209, trying to answer the question whether the manager is a simple proxy, as we are used under Company Law No. 31/1990, or we can talk really an organ of the legal person.

Peer-assisted adaptation in periodic broadcasting of videos for heterogeneous clients

The increasing use of streaming applications and wide variety of devices, such as handheld personal organizers, have raised new challenges, such as the provision of access to multimedia content for devices with limited computing and bandwidth capabilities. In this paper, we propose a technique for periodic broadcasting. Our technique allows clients with low bandwidth capability to be served in the same period as high-bandwidth clients, using peer-to-peer streaming between clients, and also works for clients with downstream capability below the video bit rate. In the proposed system, the server builds multicast trees of clients that allow clients with low bandwidth to be served by other clients with sufficient upstream bandwidth. Clients below the video bit rate will suffer additional, but only moderately noticeable, delays that occur as video is converted to lower quality. We performed extensive simulation and showed that our system can provide improved service performance for heterogeneous clients on periodic broadcasting protocols.