Complexity Of Organization Research Articles

Songs as a Subject of Sociological Enquiry: Reflections from Bhupen Hazarika’s Compositions

Music is a very significant cultural artefact of any society. Music is not merely a sum of different sounds and tonal arrangements, presented in a way to soothe the human ear and mind. Rather, much like other cultural arte facts, music/songs are potent areas of sociological analysis. ‘Songs’ or music in general is not independent from the social dynamics of the one who carves it/them - both as a reflection of his/her societal location and as a contribution towards it. Moreover, studying music as a social artefact can aid in uncovering complexities of human culture, organization, politics and identity.

Sindrom izgaranja lekara na poslu - organizacioni i individualni faktori

The burnout syndrome represents a set of symptoms arising in a situation of prolonged stress at the workplace, in professionally demanding situations. It is characterized by emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and a sense of reduced personal accomplishment. One of the tools used to measure the level of burnout is MBI. It has often been criticized for conceptual, methodological and practical reasons; however, it is still considered the gold standard for assessing burnout and is used in 88% of all empirical studies. Factors that contribute to the development of burnout can be divided into organizational and individual factors. The complexity of work organization, as the crucial external factor, is reflected in the shaping of interpersonal relations, the establishment of hierarchies among employees, timely personnel planning and the need for professional training, which indirectly affects the degree of burnout of doctors. If one adds the need of doctors to engage in academic work, the failures in the medical system organization of the work are reflected in excessive working hours, devaluation of teaching work, inappropriate academic ranking, accumulation of engagements outside of teaching, pressure to publish papers and dissatisfaction with the criteria of scientific success. Personality traits can speed up or slow down the occurrence of burnout due to the nature of their influence. They play a big role in making this syndrome noticeable in extroverted people and vice versa, causing it to remain unrecognized and hidden in introverted people. Thus, they make it difficult for this syndrome to be registered and delay the provision of timely assistance. The occurrence of a burnout, which develops as a response to chronic professional stress, coupled with greater opportunities for professional development, better earnings and working conditions, as well as higher quality standards, are the key triggers of the migration of healthcare workers.

“Ecologically camping, eating, drinking wine.” Material and knowledge flows in the Minimum Cost Housing Group’s ECOL Operation, 1971-76

For approximately fifty years, McGill University’s Minimum Cost Housing Group (MCHG) has undertaken research on the “human settlement problems of the poor.” This paper focuses on the group’s activities from 1970 to1976, and more specifically the “ECOL Operation” initiated by the group’s first director, Colombian architect and UN consultant Alvaro Ortega. The story of the ECOL Operation gives insight into some unanticipated feedback loops associated with the foreign-aid-funded knowledge economy. The ECOL Operation was pitched as a technical and material research program to develop self-help housing solutions for the “Third World.” In practice, it was an improvised mix of international development aspiration, Appropriate Technology enthusiasm, industrial research and development, and ecological design rhetoric. The paper argues that the MCHG’s efforts became most compelling as a blueprint for a set of designers and activists rethinking the consumerist lifestyles and material flows of the Global North. This highlights a more complex background to the counterculturally-inflected ventures of 1970s ecological design. The scene was more closely connected to the Cold War complex of intergovernmental organizations, development agendas, and industrial capitalism than its participants may have imagined.

Monitoring the effectiveness of organizational and technological complexes of enterprises for the processing and disposal of solid waste

The features, requirements and architecture of the monitoring subsystem of automated management systems for solid waste processing and disposal enterprises are discussed in the article. The article proposes system architecture for the efficiency monitoring subsystem, which is implemented in the structure of the organizational and technological complex of enterprises for the processing and disposal of solid waste. This subsystem collects data on the operation of production and its management system and analyzes it in order to summarize it into specified aggregate indicators. It should be noted that the performance monitoring subsystem also implies automation of both information collection and issuance of recommendations in the event of a decrease in efficiency. This allows for the issuance of acceptable recommendations to significantly free up the time resources of the decision maker.

ТРУДОВОЙ ПОТЕНЦИАЛ В ФОРМИРОВАНИИ КОНКУРЕНТОСПОСОБНОСТИ ТЕРРИТОРИИ

The article examines the competitiveness of the region as a complex characteristic reflecting the level of socio-economic development of the territory. The competitiveness of the region is most often understood as the ability of the economy of the territory to ensure a high level and quality of life of the population, the possibility of realizing the economic potential in order to achieve sustainable economic growth of the region. In the article, the competitiveness of the region is considered from the position of competition in the market on the basis of the formation and realization of the quality of labor potential, as a factor in the effectiveness of the organization and industry complexes and economic development.

СИСТЕМА УПРАВЛІННЯ БЕЗПЕКОВОЮ ДІЯЛЬНІСТЮ ТОРГОВЕЛЬНОГО ПІДПРИЄМСТВА

Commercial enterprises operate not only in the conditions of military operations on the territory of the country, but also based on the growing need to transition from the traditional trade model to an electronic one due to the gradual increase in the share of the digital economy in Ukraine as well. The specified circumstances require a review of the principles of security activities in order to preserve business and create favorable conditions for the implementation of digital transformation in the conditions of each trade enterprise in accordance with the actual conditions of operation. Restructuring of security activities must begin with the formation or improvement of the appropriate management system. The purpose of the study was to clarify the essence of the concept of "security management system of a trading enterprise" as a basis for creating safe conditions for transformational changes in the activities of Ukrainian trading enterprises. In order to form the theoretical foundations of building a system of managing the security activities of a trading enterprise, the following methods were applied: induction and deduction, comparison and systematization – in the study of the essential characteristics of the terms "system" and "management system"; synthesis and analysis – for positioning the security activity management system within the enterprise management system; morphological analysis – to clarify the content of the main components of the security activity management system of a trading enterprise; graphic – for visual representation of theoretical and methodical material; abstract-logical – for theoretical generalizations and research conclusions. In order to create an appropriate theoretical framework, key approaches to the basic concepts, i.e. "system" and "management system", are defined. The author's interpretation of the term "security management system of a trading enterprise" is formulated, under which it is proposed to understand the organizational complex that forms the necessary and constantly updated, taking into account the change in the internal environment and the external security situation, the basis for exercising managerial influence, thanks to coordination with external security subjects in relation to security objects and subjects of the external environment, in order to fulfill the assigned tasks within the scope of security activities. The results obtained within the scope of the conducted research deepen the understanding of the security activity management system of the trading enterprise and fully take into account the specifics of their functioning and development trends.

SYMBIOSIS OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGIES AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: NEW OPPORTUNITIES IN ONCOLOGY

SYMBIOSIS OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGIES AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: NEW OPPORTUNITIES IN ONCOLOGY

Regulation Of Medical Activity In Russia And Europe In The 10th – Early 20th Centuries: Correlation Between Ethical And Legal Principles

The legal and ethical regulation of medical activity in Russia vs. European countries has common features and a number of specific differences. The regulation of medical activity in the Old Russian state and European medieval states was carried out within the framework of legal norms and Christian worldview, the main principle of which was service to one’s neighbor. For instance, these were ethical issues that came to the fore. The secular state form, began its historical path with the emergence of the first secular doctors at the courts of ancient Russian princes. From the 16th century on, it became part of the state apparatus extending its influence to the social estate of the military servicemen. In the middle of the 19th century, during the period of the Zemstvo Reform, it became the main form of servicing rural population. The specificity of zemstvo medicine was the organization of medical activities based on of local self-government bodies and medical societies. At the beginning of the 19th century, with the increasing complexity of scientific knowledge and organization of medical services, European medical codes of ethics aimed at developing the rules of conduct to be followed by the members of newly emerging national medical associations. Despite regulating medical activity, the issues of healthcare were not given due attention, and there were no specific legislative acts affecting the health care regulation in prerevolutionary Russia. In Europe, too, for a long time, the responsibility of a medical professional for mistakes was considered from the standpoint of private relationships based on contractual and commercial principles.

Divergent Contribution of the Golgi Apparatus to Microtubule Organization in Related Cell Lines.

Membrane trafficking in interphase animal cells is accomplished mostly along the microtubules. Microtubules are often organized radially by the microtubule-organizing center to coordinate intracellular transport. Along with the centrosome, the Golgi often serves as a microtubule-organizing center, capable of nucleating and retaining microtubules. Recent studies revealed the role of a special subset of Golgi-derived microtubules, which facilitates vesicular traffic from this central transport hub of the cell. However, proteins essential for microtubule organization onto the Golgi might be differentially expressed in different cell lines, while many potential participants remain undiscovered. In the current work, we analyzed the involvement of the Golgi complex in microtubule organization in related cell lines. We studied two cell lines, both originating from green monkey renal epithelium, and found that they relied either on the centrosome or on the Golgi as a main microtubule-organizing center. We demonstrated that the difference in their Golgi microtubule-organizing activity was not associated with the well-studied proteins, such as CAMSAP3, CLASP2, GCC185, and GMAP210, but revealed several potential candidates involved in this process.

Risk management systems in credit and financial sector organizations

This article discusses aspects related to the use of risk management systems in credit and financial organizations. The author has studied the key provisions related to risk control in credit and financial organizations. In addition, the importance of using a system of risk indicators to reduce the likelihood of potential risks and to improve the risk management system in credit and financial organizations is described. In this paper, the main stages characterizing the process of formation and further implementation of the risk indicators system in the risk management process in the complex of organizations involved in the credit and financial sphere are also considered and studied. A special place in this article is given to the consideration of the provisions necessary for the successful functioning of risk management systems in credit and financial organizations. In addition, the author describes and substantiates the principles of building a system of risk indicators applicable in the field of credit and financial relations. This article also examines the provisions related to the regulatory and legal support for the functioning of the risk management system in credit and financial organizations and related to international documents in the field of risk assessment and their management. The author has identified a number of coefficients reflecting the main performance indicators of a credit and financial institution in order to apply the risk management system in more detail and accurately. In the final part of the article, the author draws conclusions about the current situation in which credit and financial organizations are located, in terms of the impact of risks. In this regard, the author substantiates the importance of competent development of a system of risk indicators and improvement of the risk management system of organizations.

Characterization of the dystrophin-associated protein complex by mass spectrometry.

The dystrophin-associated protein complex (DAPC) is a highly organized multiprotein complex that plays a pivotal role in muscle fiber structure integrity and cell signaling. The complex is composed of three distinct interacting subgroups, intracellular peripheral proteins, transmembrane glycoproteins, and extracellular glycoproteins subcomplexes. Dystrophin protein nucleates the DAPC and is important for connecting the intracellular actin cytoskeletal filaments to the sarcolemma glycoprotein complex that is connected to the extracellular matrix via laminin, thus stabilizing the sarcolemma during muscle fiber contraction and relaxation. Genetic mutations that lead to lack of expression or altered expression of any of the DAPC proteins are associated with different types of muscle diseases. Hence characterization of this complex in healthy and dystrophic muscle might bring insights into its role in muscle pathogenesis. This review highlights the role of mass spectrometry in characterizing the DAPC interactome as well as post-translational glycan modifications of some of its components such as α-dystroglycan. Detection and quantification of dystrophin using targeted mass spectrometry are also discussed in the context of healthy versus dystrophic skeletal muscle.

Challenges in Business Analytics Implementation: A Comprehensive Review Using Toe Framework

<p>Business analytics are changing how firms treat data. Using analytics, firms possess the capability to capture greater insights and predict the future, hence better decision-making process. However, the implementation of analytics in business has to be carried within the complexity of organization, technology, and environment. Given the complexity, this study aims to identify the challenge faced by firms across industries. The TOE framework is utilized to construct a more comprehensive framework of the challenges. Past studies related to implementation of business analytics are gathered and processed using literature review method. This study helps Asian firms to be more anticipative by providing a holistic and clearer view of challenges in adopting business analytics.</p>

Probing the dynamic RNA structurome and its functions.

RNA is a key regulator of almost every cellular process, and the structures adopted by RNA molecules are thought to be central to their functions. The recent fast-paced evolution of high-throughput sequencing-based RNA structure mapping methods has enabled the rapid in vivo structural interrogation of entire cellular transcriptomes. Collectively, these studies are shedding new light on the long underestimated complexity of the structural organization of the transcriptome - the RNA structurome. Moreover, recent analyses are challenging the view that the RNA structurome is a static entity by revealing how RNA molecules establish intricate networks of alternative intramolecular and intermolecular interactions and that these ensembles of RNA structures are dynamically regulated to finely tune RNA functions in living cells. This new understanding of how RNA can shape cell phenotypes has important implications for the development of RNA-targeted therapeutic strategies.

A global super-grid: sociotechnical drivers and barriers

BackgroundOne way to design an electricity system wholly based on renewables is referred to as the global Super-grid, a vision of a transmission network of unprecedented geographical scope that uses advanced technology to balance spatially and temporally varying supply and demand across the globe. While proponents, since the 1960s, have argued that a global Super-grid is technologically possible and socially desirable, and significant technical progress has been made since the 1990s, development is slow with new transmission lines being built predominantly with established technology and within the boundaries of single countries. The aim of this study is to explore sociotechnical drivers and barriers of global Super-grid development.ResultsA main driver is the century old ideas that larger grids are more efficient and contribute to cooperation and peace. Over the last decades, the level of technical knowledge and networks of proponent have grown. The Super-grid also benefits from the potential opportunity of building on existing grids. Barriers stem from the scale of investments needed to experiment, path dependences in established industry and competition from novel smaller scale solutions based on local production, energy storage and smart grid technology. Other barriers originate in the organisational and institutional complexities of international electricity trade, and in the lack of trust at local and global levels, which hinder the development of necessary coordination.ConclusionsThe analysis suggests that if the Super-grid is to become part of a future electricity system, the discourse needs to open up, move beyond simplistic ideas of efficiency and ‘technocratic internationalism’, and take into account a broader set of social benefits, risks and trade-offs.

Organization and current understanding of speech function of the brain: literature review

Introduction. History of study of speech function of the brain has started in the middle of the 19th century. First studies discovered cortical representations of speech in the brain, proposed different theories of speech function structure. Technological breakthroughs of the 20th century allowed to study not only cortical representations of speech function but also complex connections of the white matter important for practical work of neurosurgeons. Deeper studies of speech led to revisions of the old theories, proposals of new theories. Current study methods showed complexity of speech organization, multifunctionality of speech tracts.Aim. To analyze and systemize historical and current scientific data on organization of speech function of the brain, as well as methods of preoperative evaluation and intraoperative techniques of identification of speech zones in the cerebral cortex.Materials and methods. As a results of data search in the PubMed database, 77 articles published between 1954 and 2020 were selected.Results. Studies of characteristics of speech function are widely represented in current scientific literature, and their number grows every year. Some researchers study individual speech aspects: cortical representation, individual speech tracts. Others deal with general consequences of speech impediments after tumor resection, strokes, traumas. The authors cross-linked and systemized numerous data from different sources of information.Conclusion. Speech function of the brain is one of the most complexly organized aspects of the higher nervous function, and it is being actively researched worldwide. Implementation of such revolutionary examination techniques as intraoperative mapping of the cerebral cortex, magnetic resonance tractography provided a plethora of new information on morphofunctional characteristics of speech function. Further studies of speech function of the brain and systematization of the obtained data are necessary for deeper understanding of the details of speech organs' functionality. Advances in this direction will help surgeons avoid unwanted neurological deficit in communication ability, one of the most important abilities, and improve patients' quality of life.

Integrated writing and its correlates: A meta-analysis

Integrated tasks are increasing in popularity, either replacing or complementing writing-only independent tasks in writing assessments. This shift has generated many research interests to investigate the underlying construct and features of integrated writing (IW) performances. However, due to the complexity of the IW construct, there are conflicting findings about whether and the extent to which various language skills and IW text features correlate to IW scores. To understand the construct of IW, we conducted a meta-analysis to synthesize correlation coefficients between scores of IW performances and (1) other language skills and (2) text quality features of IW. We also examined factors that may moderate the correlation of IW scores with these two groups of correlates. Consequently, (1) reading and writing skills showed stronger correlations than listening to IW scores; and (2) text length had a strongest correlation, followed by source integration, organization and syntactic complexity, with a smallest correlation of lexical complexity. Several IW task features affected the magnitude of correlations. The results supported the view that IW is an independent construct, albeit related, from other language skills and IW task features may affect the construct of IW. • This meta-analysis study synthesized correlation between integrated writing and language skills. • Reading and writing skills showed stronger correlations than listening to IW scores. • Several IW task features affected the magnitude of correlations.

The kind of problem a smart city is

Digital technologies not only alter the material fabric of cities, but condition and constrain the complex networks of trust that emerge among neighbours and strangers as they engage one another in shared civic spaces. In this sense, a media ecology of the city would borrow from studies of urban sociology, political economy and cybernetics to reconsider what ethical implications smart technologies would have when sown into the fabric of an urban environment. This article introduces Jane Jacobs’s urban theory as a complexity approach to media ecology that provides insight into how urban environments, as media of communication and commerce, cultivate the ethical character of social relations among neighbours and strangers. It is argued that Jacobs’s urban theory provides sufficient ground for figuring the ethical implications of highly integrated and ubiquitous digital technologies within the organized complexity of urban environments and offers an alternative way of cultivating urban ecologies of communication.

INTERNET MARKETING INFRASTRUCTURE TO SUPPORT THE INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF THE REGION

Topicality. The infrastructure of innovation activity should be considered as an independent sphere of the economy, the feature of which is not the production of material products, but the provision of services.With the development of a market economy, based on independent and autonomous producers who are completely isolated and competitive, it becomes problematic to maintain stable economic ties within economic systems at different levels, such as state, regional and even local. Therefore, the main function of the infrastructure is the formation of the necessary conditions for the management of economic entities. Infrastructure, as an independent part of the economic mechanism, should promote the free exchange of market resources and implement the functions of self-regulation and self-adjustment of the regional economy at all its levels due to market fluctuations.Today the issues of development of innovation infrastructure at the regional level in the conditions of formation of market type of economic relations are not finally resolved and need further deep elaborations, therefore our goal is to define the infrastructure of innovation activity as an integral complex of functional organizational and economic institutions that directly provide the conditions for the implementation of innovation processes by economic entities on the basis of the principles of economic efficiency.Aim and tasks. The aim of the article is to determine the place of innovation in the development of modern market regional economy and to establish the role and importance of infrastructure that would promote the rapid development of science and technology in a special and extremely important for Ukraine Southern region. The peculiarities of the region are the harmonious formation of modern infrastructure on the basis of building a complex of institutions and various research organizations, which would aim to spread the rich domestic and foreign experience of innovative development.Research results. The material base of the innovation infrastructure is an area with a developed economic, production and social structure, the objects of which are focused on the mass introduction of new technologies and the development of new knowledge-intensive products.The innovation infrastructure consists of the following main elements and components: research, design, research and experimental organizations that work in the field of innovation and increase the innovation potential of the region; manufacturing enterprises that implement the results of research and development and inventions, introduce them into the production of knowledge-intensive goods and services; management, marketing, advertising services aimed at disseminating the latest technologies and developments, promoting the achievements of domestic research centers; innovation funds, commercial banks, insurance companies, exchanges of scientific and technical products that accumulate the latest developments and innovations for commercial purposes; institutions of scientific and technical expertise, legal protection of intellectual property, ensuring the inviolability of intellectual property and legal capacity.A special role is given to educational and training institutions that specialize in training and retraining of specialists in scientific and technical fields of science and technology; information and communication departments, editorial and publishing organizations and structures, patent offices, licensing chambers and state statistical bodies; organizations for servicing innovative developments, leasing, transport and freight forwarding companies, customs departments and other government agencies.Conclusion. The innovation and investment process within the region must be managed and regulated professionally and effectively, and for this it is necessary to have a system of evaluation indicators and use the latest methods of managing regional innovation and investment infrastructure. The administrative bodies of the region's innovation infrastructure management should have significant economic levers in their hands to manage the innovation and investment process, namely through the mechanism of creating research and development institutions, educational institutions and experimental laboratories in the region. Creating favorable conditions and a favorable field for investors, providing priorities in lending to entrepreneurs, supporting with financial subsidies, leasing of new high-tech machines and mechanisms, providing timely important economic information on domestic and global markets.

THE MARKET OF SPA SERVICES: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT

The sanatorium complex is a promising and significant component of the social and economic spheres of the state. The activities of its organizations are directly related both to participation in the process of preserving the health of the population, and the formation of the gross domestic product, ansuring effective employment, and increasing incomes at all levels.
 The quality and variety of health resort services provided must correspond to the first-class level that is necessary to meet the needs of citizens. The expansion of the complex of sanatorium-resort organizations and the improvement of the quality of the services they provide will promote natural competition between them, which will have a positive impact on the market in this area in the future.
 In the article analyzes the state of the health resort complex in Russia and its further development. Problems and specific features of the market of sanatorium and resort services are revealed, the structure of their regional market is characterized. The main tendencies of the market of sanatorium-and-spa services are determined.

ПРОБЛЕМА ЭРГОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ ОЦЕНКИ ЭВОЛЮЦИОНИРУЮЩИХ СОЦИОТЕХНИЧЕСКИХ СИСТЕМ С ИСКУССТВЕННЫМ ИНТЕЛЛЕКТОМ

Evolving the technogenic world, developing network and cyber-physical systems include mechanisms of social and environmental self-organization due to transforming human experience within the cycles of autopoetic techno-environment self-organization. At the stages of forming and implementing a technical project, an important role in creating new forms of socio-technical systems (artificial intelligence technology) is played by the concept adopted by the developers including the mechanisms of self-organization and the system development, associated with the methodology for evaluating the ergonomic properties of the systems being created. Ergonomic evaluation plays a special harmonizing and corrective role in creating human-machine sociotechnical systems. The article shows the decisive importance in forming an ergonomic evaluation of sociotechnical systems of the reduction mechanisms, which determine the evolution of these systems in the required direction. A sociotechnical system with artificial intelligence a priori does not have all the properties known and understandable to authors and users in advance, it manifests the properties only in a working context, which does not allow using the usual methods of ergonomic appraisal applied in evaluating the constant qualities of a sociotechnical system in relation to the user.
 The special role of symbiotic relationship in maintaining the effective operation of sociotechnical systems with distributed artificial intelligence is noted. The processes of coherence-decoherence that affect changing forms of organized complexity and determine the system viability in the environment are considered. The problem of deactivating the elements of the technical environment generated by technologies into the evolving part of the socio-technical system is posed. On the example of the Internet, the paper shows that the free evolution of the technical environment associated with the excessive information diversity of the network social component leads to accelerating its evolution, but reduces its social sustainability and stability. The extreme danger of total digitalization is emphasized.