Organizational Activities Research Articles

Н.И. Воробьев и его роль в формировании академического татароведения в отечественной этнологии

The most important role in the formation of academic Tatar studies in domestic ethnology belongs to the outstanding scholar of the early-mid 20th century, Professor N.I. Vorobyev. With his works, he laid the foundations for a systematic approach to the study of the culture and life of the people, especially the reference group of the ethnic group – the Kazan Tatars. The use of data from related historical and geographical disciplines allowed him to pose and solve a number of important questions in the ethnic and ethnocultural history of the people. In his landmark monograph The Kazan Tatars (1953), special attention is given to their close root connection with the local Bulgarian civilisation – the ethnocultural prehistory of the people. The systematic approach consisted of the creation of N.I. Vorobyev’s first ethnocultural differentiation of the Volga-Ural Tatars, which was based on the cultural, everyday and linguistic differences within the ethnic group studied at that time. It was also manifested in the application of typological approaches to the classification of ethnographic material, which allowed him to present stable varieties of material culture (types) in dynamics, to outline analogues for them in other neighbouring and distant ethnic groups of Eurasia, and thereby to resolve a number of issues related to the cultural genesis of the people. The systematic approach was applied and improved in the research and scientific and organizational activities of his students and followers, including the authors of the volume “Historical and ethnographic atlas of the Tatar people”. Fundamental works of N.I. Vorobyev on the ethnography of the Volga-Ural Tatars laid the foundation for the formation of the Turkic-Tatar vector of academic ethnology in the Volga-Ural region of Russia. They are an invaluable resource for current and future generations of researchers.

Scientific Reflection on the Logic of the Development of Russian Social Psychology (For the 100th Anniversary of G.M. Andreeva)

The author studies the life path and scientific and organizational activities of a prominent social scientist and humanitarian G.M. Andreeva against the background of an analysis of the ways of the post-war formation of Soviet social psychology. Its outstanding role in the creation of an interdisciplinary system of cognitive and communicative social psychology and in its design and pedagogical implementation through the organization of teaching at the Faculty of Psychology of Moscow State University with appropriate educational and methodological support for domestic higher education and the inclusion of its achievements in world science is shown. Generalization of her teaching experience in Russian and foreign universities and its theoretical and methodological foundations allowed G.M. Andreeva to develop a fundamental concept of cognitive psychology of social cognition, which is being developed in various directions by participants and followers of the scientific school she created, one of the largest in Russian socio-psychological science.

Research on the social functions of trade to support the development of marketability of farm products

In recent years, there has been a problem of reducing the marketability of agricultural products of farms for many types of goods. Among the key food products supplied by farmers, the negative dynamics of sales was noted for the sale of potatoes and vegetables. This situation is largely related to the annual fluctuations in agricultural production, which is especially evident in the cultivation of fruit and vegetable crops. Using econometric modeling based on the construction of regressions based on panel data, the article shows the negative impact of changes in production volumes on the percentage of marketability of farm products. Farmers, like other small-scale enterprises, do not have a developed marketing infrastructure, unlike agricultural organizations. Therefore, farms are particularly sensitive to fluctuations in production volumes, which create for them the problem of lack or excess of resources for sales. An important way to solve this problem is the activity of trade organizations aimed at implementing social functions to support the sale of farm products. In Russia, such social practices are being implemented by the largest representatives of the retail industry in a pilot mode in certain regions of the country. In particular, in some areas, agricultural aggregators are operating, launched by the “X5 Group” and “Magnit” retail chains, which perform technological and marketing functions to ensure the sale of farm goods. There are other social projects of trade organizations, for example, “Agrocontract” and “Farmer›s Island”, initiated by “X5 Group”, which involve the conclusion of direct contracts with farmers in order to reduce the purchase prices of goods and provide for the purchase of various unique goods from farmers. The expansion of the social functions of trade organizations will significantly overcome the existing problems of marketing farm products and provide such farms with sufficient income and profit for further self-development of activities.

Bibliometric analysis of scientific publications on the websites of agricultural institutions of higher and additional education of the Russian Federation

The study of scientific activities of educational institutions of the agro-industrial complex is based on information from their websites and on scientometric indicators. Research work is reflected on all the studied websites and contains data on the topics of scientific research, the work of dissertation councils and data on patents and inventions. The electronic information environment is widely used, digital libraries are being developed, and links to digital library systems are provided. All higher educational institutions have scientific periodicals; the results of scientific research are presented in electronic form. Insufficient completeness of document archives, the spread of materials across the categories of the website, and limited availability of full-text databases are noted. An analysis of the publication activity of organizations was conducted on the basis of the Russian Science Citation Index (RSCI). According to the number of authors with publications in the RSCI, Russian Timiryazev State Agrarian University, Kuban State Agrarian University named after I.T. Trubilin and Vyatka State Agrotechnological University are distinguished with 3219, 300 and 1520 authors, respectively. Publications of employees of the Kuban State Agrarian University, Russian Timiryazev State Agrarian University, Omsk State Agrarian University named after P.A. Stolypin and Ryazan State Agrotechnological University named after P.A. Kostychev have a high citation rate in RSCI. When analysing the dynamics of the number of publications of educational institutions from 2019 to 2023, according to RSCI data, a general trend of increasing the number of scientific publications in agrarian universities was revealed.

International migration in the context of financial and economic security: The role of public administration in the development of national economy, education, and human capital

The article outlines trends in today global migration and its consequences for economic growth and security. Both positive and negative sides of ongoing processes are analyzed, in particular the effect of remittances on the one side and money laundering and terrorism financing due to activities of criminal organizations involved in migrant smuggling on the other side. Accordingly, challenges and goals for national public administrations are indicted.

Perancangan Sistem Informasi Tracking dan Monitoring Posisi Barang Menggunakan Metode Waterfall

Information systems and information technology are essential to support a business or organization's operational and management activities. PT Vale Indonesia, one of Indonesia's largest nickel mining companies, is experiencing problems in the SCM (Supply Chain Management) Department, especially in the Shipping & Traffic Section, in tracking and monitoring the current location/position of goods. The method currently used is considered less efficient. This research aims to design an information system for tracking and monitoring the position of goods at PT Vale Indonesia. The design was carried out using the waterfall method, a system development method carried out sequentially from one phase to the next. The result of this research is the design of an information system for tracking and monitoring the position of goods, which is ready to be implemented. The test results show that all the buttons on the system function properly according to the design that has been made, making it easier to track & monitor the position of goods there.

Innovative Development of Regional Industry: analysis, problems, and prospects (on the example of the Udmurt Republic)

Purpose: the study aims to analyze industrial development in the Udmurtia and propose measures to foster innovation. These efforts may enhance regional manufacturers' order portfolio and enhance the region's competitiveness both nationally and internationally.Methods: the research employs a complex of methods including factual, dynamic, causal, correlation-regression and structural analysis, alongside generalization, comparison, logical analysis, and graphical visualization.Results: the article analyzes the development of the industry in the Udmurtia, known for its strong presence in the military-industrial complex (MIC). The study delves into current industry trends, innovation indicators, and practices of MIC enterprises. It highlights obstacles to innovation and suggests measures to boost innovation, increase output volumes, and bolster the industry's adaptability to emerging challenges.Conclusions and Relevance: the regional enterprises of the manufacturing industry and MIC are the leading producers of innovation in the region. However, the proportion of innovative industrial products in the overall regional output is limited to 10%. Correlation and regression analysis showed the significance of the level of innovative activity of organizations and the share of organizations carrying out technological innovations in the effectiveness of innovative activity in the manufacturing industry. Innovation can be encouraged through various means, such as attracting investments, establishing a regional Agency for Innovation Development, digital platformization, and fostering integration among innovation entities with the help of an innovation accelerator, taking advantage of new market niche opportunities, stimulated by promoting corporate entrepreneurship. The region’s future prospects are closely tied to the development of the high-tech sector of unmanned aerial systems, what is the subject of scientific interest of the author's future research.

Intersecting liminalities and transition rites: non-disclosure agreements and misconduct in organizations

ABSTRACT For what reasons may NDAs continue to be an attractive measure to conceal severe misconduct in organizations, despite high-profile criticism? I theorize severe misconduct as a critical moment of separation of victim-survivor, perpetrator, and the social order of the organization. This provokes liminalities and I read Giesen's four liminal phenomena (victims, monsters, garbage, and seduction) as imagination devices in the analysis of the accounts of those who have experienced severe misconduct. In doing so, I show that the multiplicative effects of these liminal phenomena intersect in such a disruptive manner that NDAs offer an attractive ceremony towards transition; a seductive way for organizational actors to transform/adjust the presence of victims and monsters, hiding and/or recycling their garbage. I contribute by theorizing meta-liminality and intersecting liminal phenomena emerging from severe misconduct in organizations, showing empirically examples of why NDAs may be used to ceremonially manage the transition in these cases.

Components of the hr management process of a medical organization

Successful development of any sphere of human activity is unthinkable in modern society without management. The implementation of management goals and objectives is carried out through personnel policy, which is a strategic line of behavior in working with personnel. In the healthcare system, an important role is assigned to the mid-level medical worker, therefore, personnel development management is recognized throughout the world as a priorit y task of management in the field of nursing. Target. To study and analyze the process of professional selection, training and management of nursing personnel. Results. The aspects of selection of nursing personnel were studied, the level of quality of knowledge obtained by nursing personnel and the degree of their application in practical activities were determined, the features of the organizational activities of nursing service managers were identified. Conclusion. Trained medical personnel should take a place in accordance with the needs of national health care and taking into account the personal interests and needs of the medical workers themselves. This can be achieved with the appropriate organization of the personnel management process, when specialists will find adequate use for their qualifications in the system.

Who owns this neighborhood? The struggle for home in Latino Pilsen, Chicago

ABSTRACT This paper discusses the actions and structures of resistance that held off displacement in the neighborhood of Pilsen, Chicago against the renewed efforts of the Democratic Machine and growth coalition to expel them. While most studies of resistance focus on visible, organized actions, this paper examines both overt and covert structures, practices, and relations that, together, explain the success of Latino Pilsen against displacement and gentrification for nearly five decades. While the united efforts of Pilsen organizations and residents kept gentrification and displacement away up to the mid-1990s, the growth coalition through an appointed alderman and the neutralization or cooptation of Pilsen’s largest nonprofits opened the doors to them since that time. But new organizations and leaders continue the fight keeping gentrification on check to date.

Using contribution analysis to assess evaluation capacity outcomes in community organizations

AbstractCommunity organizations face challenges in addressing the needs of their members and beneficiaries, particularly during times of crisis. More than ever, evidence‐informed programming and decision‐making are essential to help organizations “do more with less”; however, community organizations seldom have the individual and organizational evaluation capacity required to conduct and use evaluations to inform decision‐making. This article provides an overview of the evaluation of the LaboEval evaluation capacity building (ECB) intervention, a 5‐year program implemented in 16 organizations. LaboEval brings together direct and indirect individual and organizational ECB activities to enhance evaluation capacity. Contribution analysis (CA) was used as the evaluation approach in this study, assessing the intervention's activities, outputs, outcomes, and assumptions. Data sources include interviews, document reviews, surveys, administrative data, and a literature review. This evaluation contributes to the field by applying CA to a multiyear, multi‐organizational ECB intervention. The findings inform evaluation capacity builders and evaluators interested in CA, showcasing a unique approach to evaluating complex interventions across multiple organizations.

The impact of an organized physical activity program on the health indicators of students from differ-ent cultural groups in second chance school setting

The primary objective of this research was to assess the impact of a structured physical activity program on the health indicators of adult students attending a multicultural Second Chance School (SCS). The study encompassed a total of 62 SCS students aged 19 to 57, who were divided into two groups: experimental and control. The intervention program consisted of two sessions per week spanning 20 weeks, with each session lasting 60 minutes. The exercise intensity ranged from 65% to 85% of HRmax and included various activities such as aerobics, weight exercises, dumbbell routines, and hiking. Measurements were taken at both the commencement and conclusion of the organized physical activity program. Specialized equipment, including a wall-mounted stadiometer, precision scales, a unique tape measure, an automated sphygmomanometer, and the DXA machine, was employed for data collection. Data analysis involved ANOVA variance analyses, descriptive statistics, and T-Tests utilizing the SPSS software. The results revealed a statistically significant primary influence attributed to the 'measurement' factor (p<.001) across all health indicators, except for total BMD and total BMC, when comparing the experimental and control groups. In terms of gender disparities, men exhibited higher measurements in body mass, fat-free mass, belly size, and blood pressure, while women displayed greater fat mass and total body fat. To conclude, the intervention program had a positive impact on improving the health indicators of adult SCS students. Future research endeavors should explore the implementation of Physical Activity programs in other SCSs throughout Greece. Keywords: Adult Students; Health Indicators; Organized Physical Activity; Second Chance Schools

Specifics of the Constitutional Right to Establish and Operate the Trade Unions

Introduction. In the framework of the legal regulation of the trade union activities in Russia, a number of regulations cause certain contradictions with regard to establishment of the social and labour relations. Difficulties in interaction of the trade unions with the employers and the state, supplemented by the competition with the private labour, arise the problem of preserving the institution under study as the one aimed at the formation of a system of social partnership, development of the labour environment, national economy and social equality. Therefore, the research strives to investigate the constitutional requirements for establishment and operation of the trade unions to enable harmonization of the social and labour relations. By finding the legislative gaps in the process of implementing the rights of citizens to establish and operate the trade unions, it is possible to modernize the regulatory legal institutions in this field. The aim of the research is to study the specifics of the constitutional right to establish and operate the trade unions.Materials and Methods. The methodological framework was organised based on the selection, analysis and systematisation of the relevant regulatory and legal data and research works in the subject area. The use of a set of general scientific (dialectical, logical, systemic) and specific scientific methods of cognition (comparative legal, dogmatic legal, sociolegal) made it possible to study the principles of state regulation of the trade union activities, identify the gaps in their work and shortcomings due to be eliminated, as well as to summarise the factors of applicability of the constitutional operational procedure to the activities of the trade union organisations in Russia.Results. The constitutional right to establish and operate the trade unions has been analysed. It has been acknowledged that determination of the legal advantages of the trade union members does not correlate with the process of declining the popularity of this institution in the Russian Federation. It has been revealed that this trend is caused by the several problems, i.e.: the multiplicity of the legislative requirements creates a number of contradictions in the relations between the trade unions and employers preventing the full freedom of organisations’ activities; the process of establishing the trade unions is complicated by the need to incorporate the legal entity, the legislative predetermination and formality do not give freedom to the organisations in compiling the charter and making changes to it without permission of the state; the principles of the internal relations regulation must comply with the standard provisions of the Labour Code of the Russian Federation, which also limits the trade union activity; the court defence of the rights of the trade union members needs to be revised and modernized to eliminate the ambiguous provisions and reduce the bureaucratic processes. The use of the variable collective agreements and principles of social partnership aimed at harmonisation of the social and labour relations have been proposed as the solutions to the identified problems.Discussion and Conclusion. The study has identified the key issues and underdeveloped aspects of the constitutional regulation of the trade union activities in the Russian Federation, which could be solved through the optimisation of the excessive legislative requirements, issuing the updated provisions on court defence of the trade union members, establishing the full independence and autonomy of such organisations in the matters of internal regulation, as well as through the development of the system of social partnership. The theoretical and practical conclusions drawn in the paper could be used for further research in the field of improving the legal literacy of the trade union members.

Revealing organisational influence: conceptual and empirical reflections on doing inequality in digital work organisations.

The impact of digitalisation at work on existing inequalities is a growing concern. Social inequality is not solely determined by material circumstances, but also by the new social practises that arise in the workplace. However, the discourse about the digitalisation of work lacks specific organisational references. From an organisational theory perspective, it is important to note that digitality always takes place in an organisation-specific manner. Therefore, digitality and organisation are in a reciprocal relationship, resulting in the development of new organisational practises that impact organisational actors as structural conditions of organisational digitality. How the changes at the organisational level affect the mechanisms of production of social inequality in the course of digitalisation has not yet been taken into account, which means that previous research on inequality in digitalised work only allows an organisation-unspecific view of the subject. In contrast, this article places the organisation at the centre of the debate and presents a methodical approach for researching social inequality in the digitalisation of work from the perspective of organisational theory.

Innovative Processes in the Sanatorium and Resort Sector of the Republic of Belarus

INTRODUCTION. The introduction of innovative processes in sanatorium-resort activities helps to approach the individual treatment of a citizen’s disease or preventive measures aimed at reducing the incidence of the population in a sanatorium-resort area, simplify the functioning of health resorts and their provision of high-quality services for sanatorium treatment and rehabilitation. AIM. To determine the level of public awareness about sanatorium-resort organizations in the Republic of Belarus and to propose an algorithm for introducing innovative processes into their activities. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The survey method was used in the study. The research tool was a questionnaire. The representativeness of the sample was ensured by calculating the required number of respondents, taking into account the population of the regions of the Republic of Belarus (923 people) account the power of the study at the level (1 – β) = 80 %. A mobile application has been developed in the Visual Studio Code environment to improve the activities and optimize organizational processes in the health resort in order to raise public awareness, based on a study conducted in the health resorts of the republic to assess the quality of services provided for sanatorium treatment and wellness. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. To identify the factors influencing the choice of a health resort by the population, cluster analysis, showed the closest correlation between the factors “doctors’ recommendations” and “medical services” influencing the choice of a health resort. The distribution of health resort awareness assessment in the regional context varied from 10.5 % (Grodno region) to 17.7 % (Minsk). The following are proposed: a system for informing the population and an algorithm for meeting the needs of the population in treatment and rehabilitation, the participation of information in sanatorium and resort activities. A selective assessment of the quality of spa treatment and wellness services in health resorts was carried out. A mobile application has been developed. CONCLUSION. The level of awareness of the population of the Republic of Belarus about the activities of sanatorium-resort organizations was assessed using a survey method — regional differences were identified. A model of the public information system and an algorithm for meeting the needs of the population and health improvement, the participation of information in sanatorium and resort activities are presented. A mobile application has been developed for sanatorium-resort organizations.

Articulating the ‘How’ of Social Return on Investment: Foregrounding the Plural and Pluralizing Character of Its ‘Moments of Judgment’

ABSTRACTSocial accounting practices attribute value to an organization's activities beyond traditional economic conceptions of success. In assessing the merit of such practices, we argue that it is helpful to extend our analytical focus beyond questions of what is evaluated and who evaluates to how valuations are performed. Social accounting literature has already explored a crucial aspect of the “how question,” emphasizing the need to widen stakeholder input and engage in agonistic democratic deliberation beyond applying technical expertise. We extend these insights by drawing attention to an important dimension of the how question that remains underexplored, namely, where such deliberation can or should be applied and explaining why this matters. In doing so, we disclose the complexity and messiness of social accounting processes, as well as their normative and political significance. We deploy political discourse theory to highlight the virtues of focusing on where value is constructed along the social accounting chain, illustrating our contribution with examples drawn from our experience conducting a Social Return on Investment (SROI) for a not‐for‐profit organization. We present and unpack key decision‐junctures in the SROI process, demonstrating the plural and pluralizing character of these “moments of judgment” by showing how contestability and normativity enter the valuation process, aspects that are often obfuscated by an over‐reliance on, and the rhetoric of, the technical aspects of quantification and monetization. By foregrounding the contingency and subjectivity embedded in valuation practices, we argue there is a need to navigate agonistically, deliberatively, and pragmatically their plural and complex character.

Method of Maximizing F-Synergistic Value in IT Development Projects for Self-Managed Organizations

The article is devoted to the formulation of the method of maximizing the F-synergistic value of IT development projects of a project-oriented organization, which was developed within the syncretic methodology of project management. The application of the proposed method is considered in the field of IT development projects of organizations involved in infrastructure restoration projects of Ukraine. The directions of scientific research in the field of value-oriented project management are analyzed. The previously unsolved part of the scientific problem is highlighted. Objects of value analysis in a project-oriented organization carrying out IT development were identified, among which stellarator projects were highlighted. A model for determining the value of a separate component of the system is presented. The concept of F-synergistic value is defined. Such a value is proposed to be calculated through the aggregate value of three clusters that create synergistic effects both within themselves (first-order value) and among themselves (second-order value). The clusters included: "IT + people" cluster, "projects + operational activity" cluster, "methodology + environment" cluster. Models for determining the value of a separate cluster and the aggregate F-synergistic value are proposed. Variations in the selection of weighting factors for evaluating value criteria are considered. Within the syncretic methodology, a method of maximizing the F-synergistic value of IT development of a project-oriented company is proposed. The model of 27 scenarios of the dynamics of the change of the multipliers of synergy of three clusters is presented. In the corresponding tables for each scenario, a hypothesis is put forward regarding the reasons for such dynamics for each scenario, as well as a model of further IT development of a project-oriented company in response to such reasons. According to the results of the development of the method of maximizing the F-synergistic value of IT development projects of a project-oriented organization guided by syncretic methodology, directions for improving the activities of such organizations were determined. An extended SWOT analysis of the proposed method was conducted. Conclusions based on the research are formulated, prospects for further research in the chosen direction are outlined.

Dmitry Nikolaevich Anuchin (1843-1923): becoming a scientist

Introduction. In 2023, Russian science celebrated the 140th anniversary of the birth of D.N. Anuchin, a scientist-encyclopedist and prominent specialist in the fields of anthropology, ethnology, geography, archaeology, and a promoter and popularizer of science. Materials and methods. Literary sources were used. Analytical and chronological research methods were applied in the study. Results and discussion. The section "Childhood and Youth" provides information about the scientist's life, his parents, wife, and children. D.N. received a good home education and entered the second grade of a gymnasium. In 1860, he enrolled in the Faculty of History and Philology at St. Petersburg University. Due to illness in 1861, he had to interrupt his studies and travel abroad for treatment. In 1863, Anuchin entered the Natural Sciences Department of the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics at Moscow University, specializing in zoology. The section "Young Specialist" is dedicated to Anuchin's life in the first years after graduating from university. It was only in 1871 that Anuchin was elected to the position of scientific secretary of the Society for the Acclimatization of Animals and Plants. This period marks the first scientific publications by Anuchin in the collections "Nature." In 1876, his first major anthropological monograph on the Ainu people was published. In late 1876, D.N. was sent abroad by the university to prepare for the establishment of a new chair in anthropology. The section "Formation of Scientific Interests" shows how Anuchin's scientific interests were shaped, as the author of about 600 works on ethnic anthropology, anthropogenesis, paleontology, ethnography, primitive archaeology, physical geography, country studies, and the history of science. In the next article, the authors plan to examine D.N. Anuchin's scientific and organizational activities.

The Relationships Between Organizational Citizenship Behavior, Affective Commitment and Team Effectiveness in A Non-Profit Organization

Non-profit organizations play a crucial role in fostering healthy communities by providing vital services that contribute to economic stability and mobility. However, the effectiveness of these organizations hinges on the positive and engaged behavior of their employees. These organizations may face challenges in staffing and resource management that can hinder performance and funding, making team effectiveness and organizational citizenship behavior essential for success. This study investigates the relationships between organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), affective commitment, and team effectiveness in a non-profit organization based in Selangor. Utilizing a cross-sectional design and a quantitative approach, 118 employees across local and international branches of a non-profit organization participated in an online survey. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 26. The study found that conscientiousness, courtesy, and civic virtue are the dimensions of (OCB) that positively influence team effectiveness, while altruism and sportsmanship did not show a significant impact in the non-profit context. Conscientious employees who are diligent and responsible, along with those who exhibit courtesy by being considerate and communicative, and those who actively participate in organizational activities, contribute meaningfully to team success. Furthermore, affective commitment, or employees' emotional attachment and identification with the organization, was also found to enhance team effectiveness, highlighting the role of an engaged and committed workforce in driving positive outcomes.

Back to the Roots of Sports Management: 1980 Moscow and 1984 Los Angeles Organizing Committee of Olympic Games

This research aims to compare the 1980 Moscow and 1984 Los Angeles Olympic Games (OG), which continued their activities in parallel with the ideologies of the two superpowers of the Cold War, the USA, and the USSR, with public and private sector sports management approaches. The research model is a comparative case study. The findings were reached by single and cross analysing the data sources, including OCOG's official reports. Moscow and Los Angeles OCOG activities were compared under organizational structure, facilities, financing, and expenditures headings. Despite the blurred lines of intersectoral distinction, Moscow OCOG (OCOG-80) stands out as a distinctively dominant example of the public sector and Los Angeles OCOG (LAOOC) LAOOC as a distinctively dominant example of the private sector sport management approach. Despite the contrasting approaches, both OCOGs have completed realizing an OG from the planning stage to the closing ceremony. The activities of the sports organizations that achieved this success by meeting the expectations of the state and the system to which they belonged demonstrated the importance of focusing on the positive effects on sports management success of the right people taking the steps that meet the needs, rather than a superiority comparison between the requirements of the private or public sector.