View Of Organization Research Articles

Why the COVID-19 Crisis Is an Ethical Issue for Business: Evidence from the Australian JobKeeper Initiative

The COVID-19 virus was unveiled to the world as a health crisis and later also as an economic crisis. For some organisations, it has become an ethical crisis. This is certainly the case for large organisations in Australia, where the way many enterprises handled a government wage subsidy called JobKeeper led to a public backlash, media pressure, and a variety of responses ranging from ‘We acted legally’ to the full return of the subsidy. Some organisations later reported profits, and the public response indicated concern about this behaviour, many considering it immoral despite it being legally compliant. It is, we contend, a question to which stakeholder theory can be applied, examining how organisations view and respond to the public. We use content analysis of mainstream media to provide information about public reactions and information from official sources to confirm corporate action. We show that there is a significant ethical component in the public response to the behaviour of organisations as they respond to the crisis. COVID has been an ethical, health, and financial crisis for these organisations. Public pressure, exerted in and through the media, made the general public a definite stakeholder.

Critically synchronized brain waves form an effective, robust and flexible basis for human memory and learning

The effectiveness, robustness, and flexibility of memory and learning constitute the very essence of human natural intelligence, cognition, and consciousness. However, currently accepted views on these subjects have, to date, been put forth without any basis on a true physical theory of how the brain communicates internally via its electrical signals. This lack of a solid theoretical framework has implications not only for our understanding of how the brain works, but also for wide range of computational models developed from the standard orthodox view of brain neuronal organization and brain network derived functioning based on the Hodgkin–Huxley ad-hoc circuit analogies that have produced a multitude of Artificial, Recurrent, Convolution, Spiking, etc., Neural Networks (ARCSe NNs) that have in turn led to the standard algorithms that form the basis of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) methods. Our hypothesis, based upon our recently developed physical model of weakly evanescent brain wave propagation (WETCOW) is that, contrary to the current orthodox model that brain neurons just integrate and fire under accompaniment of slow leaking, they can instead perform much more sophisticated tasks of efficient coherent synchronization/desynchronization guided by the collective influence of propagating nonlinear near critical brain waves, the waves that currently assumed to be nothing but inconsequential subthreshold noise. In this paper we highlight the learning and memory capabilities of our WETCOW framework and then apply it to the specific application of AI/ML and Neural Networks. We demonstrate that the learning inspired by these critically synchronized brain waves is shallow, yet its timing and accuracy outperforms deep ARCSe counterparts on standard test datasets. These results have implications for both our understanding of brain function and for the wide range of AI/ML applications.

The evolution of service failure and recovery research in hospitality and tourism: An integrative review and future research directions

Given the hospitality and tourism industry’s vulnerability to service failure, extensive research has been conducted to examine the impacts of service failures and effective recovery initiatives. This study provides an integrative review of the evolution of the service failure and recovery (SFR) literature based on 263 articles published across 28 hospitality and tourism journals from 2001 to 2021. We performed a bibliometric analysis to evaluate outlets of publication trajectories as well as to identify the most influential authors and articles in SFR research. We further constructed a typology of inter-related concepts in SFR and uncovered the thematic development of related research, delivering a longitudinal assessment of this domain. A framework-based systematic review technique was subsequently adopted to offer an innovative integration of the SFR literature. Findings were illustrated based on the theories, contexts, and methods framework and synthesized to provide an organized view of theoretical associations through the antecedents, decisions, and outcomes framework. Additionally, fruitful avenues for future research are suggested.

Understanding project resilience: Designed, cultivated or emergent?

This paper combines insights from complexity and resilience research with a process view of project organizations to advance our understanding of project resilience. We propose the concept of evolving resilience as the dynamic interaction between perturbations and processes of anticipatory shaping, regular becoming and exceptional organizing in project networks. Adopting a theory elaboration approach, we apply an initial conceptual framework on data regarding four complex projects. This enables us to identify a typology of emergent responsiveness patterns, namely reinforce trajectory, bounce back to trajectory, and jump to alternative trajectory. This typology provides the building blocks for elaborating an integrative process model of evolving project resilience. Results contribute to research on project resilience, and on the complexity of front-end shaping and ongoing organizing processes, and sheds light on the debates surrounding agile methods and allocational versus relational contracts.

Book Review of Yasuaki Onuma, International Law in a Transcivilizational World

1. The book under review is Yasuaki Onuma, International Law in a Transcivilizational World, Cambridge University Press, 2017, ISBN 9781107024731. As the title indicates, this book took a holistic approach and aimed to shift the view on international law from a West-centric angle to a multi-centric angle against the backdrop of a transcivilizational world. The book is oriented as a treatise (textbook) by an Asian international lawyer in the early twenty-first century. Divided into 10 chapters, the book allocates Chapter 1–5 to open general discussions in international law and Chapter 6–10 to further dissect specific issues in contemporary international society. The author put forward a prescriptive thesis, namely the traditional view of international is circumscribed by a West-centric view and applying a transcivilizational perspective will generate new dialogues in international law. 2. Chapter 1 sets the scene for interpreting international law in a multi-civilizational world, emphasizing the instrumentality aspect: international law as the law of international society and an inter-subjective product of humankind. Chapter 2 tackles problems when identifying international law. The author, rather than seeing international law in a static mode, alternatively set the elaboration in a functional mode. The functional approach applies to piercing the veil of context/forum-based international law into its cognitive basis and processes via analyzing treaties, resolutions, decisions, and views of international organizations and judiciaries and beyond (p. 131).

Dilema Hukuman Mati: Komparasi Antara Konvenan International Terkait Hak Asasi Manusia dan Pandangan Nahdlatul Ulama

The United Nations, through Resolution 77/2022 of the Global Moratorium on the Death Penalty, has encouraged world countries to postpone the death penalty because it is seen as a violation of Human Rights. In this article, the authors compare the arguments by the United Nations and human rights organizations in abolishing the death penalty with the religious views of the largest Muslim organization in Indonesia, Nahdlatul Ulama (NU). The research was conducted using qualitative methods, and data collection techniques were conducted through interviews with informants, namely several Nahdlatul Ulama women activists, as well as literature studies. NU generally approves of the death penalty for perpetrators of serious crimes, such as corruption and subversive acts that threaten national security, as long as there are solid and convincing evidences. NU stated that Islam recognizes the principle of human rights, but the death penalty can be applied to severe crimes to protect the security of the state and protect the right to life of more people. In this study, it was also found that Islamic law (in this case, the verses of the Quran) were in line with the Criminal Code and laws in Indonesia regarding the death penalty.

Architectural archives, a resource for knowledge and collective memory

It is difficult to fix coordinates to define architectural archives, related as they are to a discipline that has many declensions and often overlaps with others. Characterized by a multiplicity of types of documentation, from the point of view of production and organization they vary greatly in the range defined by the two poles of personal and corporate archives. Subjected to a strong evolutionary process, marked by the increasingly exclusive presence of digital technology, they constitute a field of continuous learning for archivists and researchers, with the aim of fully exploiting their information potential. Historical research, however, is only one of the fields in which architectural archives can play a primary role. Focusing on the human environment, built and natural, they are vital in the construction and development of collective memory, as much as in the management and protection of the works that make up the common heritage of citizens.

Konstruk Ideologi Muhammadiyah: Fondasi Pengembangan Instrumen Pengukuran Kekuatan Ideologi Muhammadiyah

This study aims to find out the construct of Muhammadiyah ideology. This research was categorized as qualitative research with literature review as a method of data collection. The data consisted of the concept and the understanding related to Muhammadiyah ideology, the source of data was books and journals examining Muhammadiyah ideology from the aspect of outlook on life, life guidelines of Muhammadiyah citizens and Muhammadiyah strategies in realizing their ideals of life. Data analysis techniques used a simplified approach. The results show that the Muhamadiyah Ideology is a set of understandings that contain muhammadiyah views, life guidelines and strategies in realizing his ideals of life. Muhammadiyah's view of life is reflected in the muqaddimah of Muhammadiyah's articles of association containing views on anchorage, community, views on Islamic teachings, enforcement of Islamic teachings, ittiba' nabi in struggle, views of organization and muhammadiyah ideals. The life guidelines of Muhammadiyah residents discuss self-guidelines in religion, socializing in society, organizing and guidelines for state life. There are several Muhammadiyah strategies in realizing their life ideals pursued by community development related to aqidah, worship and morals, improving the quality of life of the community, fostering Muhammadiyah cadres, strengthening Muhammadiyah associations and appropriate political and state strategies. Furthermore, the ideological construct can be used as a foundation in the development of instruments for measuring the strength of Muhammadiyah ideology.

Konstruk Ideologi Muhammadiyah: Fondasi Pengembangan Instrumen Pengukuran Kekuatan Ideologi Muhammadiyah

This study aims to find out the construct of Muhammadiyah ideology. This research was categorized as qualitative research with literature review as a method of data collection. The data consisted of the concept and the understanding related to Muhammadiyah ideology, the source of data was books and journals examining Muhammadiyah ideology from the aspect of outlook on life, life guidelines of Muhammadiyah citizens and Muhammadiyah strategies in realizing their ideals of life. Data analysis techniques used a simplified approach. The results show that the Muhamadiyah Ideology is a set of understandings that contain muhammadiyah views, life guidelines and strategies in realizing his ideals of life. Muhammadiyah's view of life is reflected in the muqaddimah of Muhammadiyah's articles of association containing views on anchorage, community, views on Islamic teachings, enforcement of Islamic teachings, ittiba' nabi in struggle, views of organization and muhammadiyah ideals. The life guidelines of Muhammadiyah residents discuss self-guidelines in religion, socializing in society, organizing and guidelines for state life. There are several Muhammadiyah strategies in realizing their life ideals pursued by community development related to aqidah, worship and morals, improving the quality of life of the community, fostering Muhammadiyah cadres, strengthening Muhammadiyah associations and appropriate political and state strategies. Furthermore, the ideological construct can be used as a foundation in the development of instruments for measuring the strength of Muhammadiyah ideology.

Redesigning Sample Transportation in Malawi Through Improved Data Sharing and Daily Route Optimization

Problem definition: Healthcare systems in resource-limited settings rely on diagnostic networks in which medical samples (e.g., blood, sputum) and results need to be transported between geographically dispersed healthcare facilities and centralized laboratories. Academic/practical relevance: Existing sample transportation (ST) systems typically operate fixed schedules, which do not account for demand variability and lead to unnecessary transportation visits as well as delays. Methodology: We design an optimized sample transportation (OST) system that comprises two components: (i) a new approach for timely collection of information on transportation demand (samples and results) using low-cost technology based on feature phones, and (ii) an optimization-based solution approach to the problem of routing and scheduling courier trips in a multistage transportation system. Results: Our solution approach performs well in a range of numerical experiments. Furthermore, we implement OST in collaboration with Riders For Health, who operate the national ST system in Malawi. Based on analysis of field data describing over 20,000 samples and results transported during July–October 2019, we show that the implementation of OST routes reduced average ST delays in three districts of Malawi by approximately 25%. In addition, the proportion of unnecessary trips by ST couriers decreased by 55%. Managerial implications: Our approach for improving ST operations is feasible and effective in Malawi and can be applied to other resource-limited settings, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. History: This paper has been accepted as part of the 2021 Manufacturing & Service Operations Management Practice-Based Research Competition. Funding: This work was supported by Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation [Grant OPP1182217] and by the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering of the National Institutes of Health [Grant U54EB027049]. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the funding organizations. Supplemental Material: The e-companion is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2022.1182 .

Обоснование выбора режимов функционирования организационных человеко-машинных систем

The article discusses the main modes and work schedules of machine operators as part of on-farm and machine-technical stations (MTS) of organizational human-machine systems (OHMS). The graphs are presented to describe the operation mode of the main farm machinery operators. However, in the compositions of the OHMS, service units may have other operation modes. Thus, the option is given when, with the 18-hour operation mode of the main machinery operators, operators of the maintenance facility (MF) work around the clock. From the point of view of the production organization, the presence of dual-mode schedules in relatively small and concentrated OHMSs causes certain organizational difficulties. Nevertheless, the above schedules allow organizing such a double (mixed) operation mode. Keywords: MAN-MACHINE SYSTEMS, SERVICE, PERSONNEL, OPERATION MODE, OPERABILITY, MACHINE AND TRACTOR FLEET, MACHINE-TECHNICAL STATION

Organisational Cyber Resilience: Management Perspectives

As cyberthreats pose strategic risk, both IT and business management awareness are critical for effective organisational decision making. Many cyber system failures arise from organisational, and not technical issues. This study investigates senior manager awareness of organisational cyber resilience, using case study method. The Cyber Resilience Matrix is used as a theoretical framework to communicate the multifaceted meaning of cyber resilience. This study examines whether the multilayered nature of cyber resilience is understood by both managerial levels to include the periods before and after cyber incidents. As the higher education sector faces complex cyber challenges, research data were gathered from two Australian universities. Analysis found the two management groups differed in their resilience approach. The authors posit that principles-based cyber policies contribute to an organisational view of cyber resilience. The engineering resilience approach, accompanied by a non-bureaucratic organisational structure, was preferred by IT managers. Business managers favoured an ecological approach with a vertical organisational structure. Both managerial groups emphasised the period before cyber crisis when compared to after cyber incidents. This research contributes to the limited theoretical development in the field and attempts to shift the focus from cyber security to cyber resilience.

How to Realize the Ideal Life of LGBT: Based on Field Observation of Mainland China

In this paper, the ideal life patterns of Chinese lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) are investigated. The ideal life includes the views of educational, policy environments, and LGBT-related organizations. The method employed is a semi-structured interview with questions about coming out experience, victimization, support networks, and demands. By the principle of identifying problems and seeking solutions, the inconveniences of LGBT life lead them to find their ideal objective environment by reviewing experience. Key results indicate that plebification outweighs explicit stipulations of anti-discrimination for LGBT people in Mainland China, which addresses the entrenched stigma from a demand perspective. These findings highlight the needs and expectations of living conditions in daily life occasion for LGBT people. Findings also have implications for LGBT-specific laws and regulations regarding suggestions for sex education and plebification in workplaces or schools in Mainland China.

Super-resolving microscopy reveals the localizations and movement dynamics of stressosome proteins in Listeria monocytogenes

The human pathogen Listeria monocytogenes can cope with severe environmental challenges, for which the high molecular weight stressosome complex acts as the sensing hub in a complicated signal transduction pathway. Here, we show the dynamics and functional roles of the stressosome protein RsbR1 and its paralogue, the blue-light receptor RsbL, using photo-activated localization microscopy combined with single-particle tracking and single-molecule displacement mapping and supported by physiological studies. In live cells, RsbR1 is present in multiple states: in protomers with RsbS, large clusters of stressosome complexes, and in connection with the plasma membrane via Prli42. RsbL diffuses freely in the cytoplasm but forms clusters upon exposure to light. The clustering of RsbL is independent of the presence of Prli42. Our work provides a comprehensive view of the spatial organization and intracellular dynamics of the stressosome proteins in L. monocytogenes, which paves the way towards uncovering the stress-sensing mechanism of this signal transduction pathway.

Adaptive dynamical systems modelling of transformational organizational change with focus on organizational culture and organizational learning

Transformative Organizational Change becomes more and more significant both practically and academically, especially in the context of organizational culture and learning. However computational modeling and a formalization of organizational change and learning processes are still largely unexplored. This paper aims to provide an adaptive network model of transformative organizational change and translate a selection of organizational learning and change processes into computationally modelled processes. Additionally, it sets out to connect the dynamic systems view of organizations to self-modelling network models. The creation of the model and the implemented mechanisms of organizational processes are based on extrapolations of an extensive literature study and grounded in related work in this field, and then applied to a specified hospital-related case scenario in the context of safety culture. The model was evaluated by running several simulations and variations thereof. The results of these were investigated by qualitative analysis and comparison to expected emergent behaviour based on related available academic literature. The simulations performed confirmed the occurrence of an organizational transformational change towards a constant learning culture by offering repeated and effective learning and changes to organizational processes. Observations about various interplays and effects of the mechanism have been made, and they exposed that acceptance of mistakes as a part of learning culture facilitates transformational change and may foster sustainable change in the long run. Further, the model confirmed that the self-modelling network model approach applies to a dynamic systems view of organizations and a systems perspective of organizational change. The created model offers the basis for the further creation of self-modelling network models within the field of transformative organizational change and the translated mechanisms of this model can further be extracted and reused in a forthcoming academic exploration of this field.

A GC-centered view of 3D genome organization

In the past two decades, our understanding of how the genome of mammalian cells is spatially organized in the three-dimensional (3D) space of the nucleus and how key nuclear processes are orchestrated in this space has drastically expanded. While genome organization has been extensively studied at the nanoscale, the higher-order arrangement of individual portions of the genome with respect to their intranuclear as well as reciprocal placement is less thoroughly characterized. Emerging evidence points to the existence of a complex radial arrangement of chromatin in the nucleus. However, what shapes this radial organization and whether it has any functional implications remain elusive. In this mini review, we first summarize our current knowledge on this rather overlooked aspect of mammalian genome organization. We then present a theoretical framework for explaining how the genome might be radially organized, focusing on the role of the guanine and cytosine density along the linear genome. Last, we discuss outstanding questions, hoping to inspire future experiments and spark interest in this topic within the 3D genome community.

Value creation and the internal goods of business.

In his early work, Moore argues that business itself was a MacIntyrean practice. He later rejected this view in response to criticisms from Beadle and others. Most subsequent work, including that of Moore, adopted a view of organizations, including firms, as institutions that house a core practice. We first recount Moore's early view, defend and it from various criticisms. We then briefly review research in management and finance arguing that this research supports a view of business consonant with Moore's early view. Thus, we argue that business is a distinct practice that integrates various productive and auxiliary practices to facilitate mutually beneficial transactions. We conclude by discussing implications of this view, noting that it might be viewed as a classical liberal appropriation of the MacIntyrean framework, and arguing that it poses a challenge to MacIntyreans working with a neo-Aristotelian perspective.

Challenging gender mainstreaming through the narrative of Islamic youth organization: A case study on Persis in Indonesia

ABSTRACT Implementing gender mainstreaming policies has become one important strategy for solving gender-based issues in society, especially in developing countries like Indonesia. However, one anomaly that becomes a concern in Indonesia’s gender mainstreaming strategy is how religious youth organizations would conflictingly react to this issue, as they may become a determining factor in how society would shift in dealing with gender issues. This study investigates the youth in Persis, a prominent Islamic youth organization in Indonesia, to understand gender mainstreaming in Indonesia. Using a qualitative approach and case study design, the study revealed that informants have doubts, skepticism, and slight conflict towards gender mainstreaming policies, due to misunderstandings and differences in personal and religious beliefs. This study provides insights into the gender mainstreaming views of a religious youth organization and how gender-based policies, programs, and research on gender have been and could be implemented in Indonesia.

RISK-BASED QUALITY CONTROL IN THE SURGICAL PATHOLOGY LABORATORY; BRIEF REVIEW AND DEVELOPMENT OF AN INDIVIDUALIZED QUALITY CONTROL PLAN

One of the most important tools for reducing or preventing diagnostic errors in the surgical pathology laboratory is the establishment of a quality management system. Risk analysis and quality assurance are important components to ensure the sustainability of the quality management system. Quality assurance ensures the integrity of program design and includes interrelated activities quality control and quality monitoring-evaluation programs. Risk-based thinking is expressed as the planning of risks and how they should be managed by determining the possible dangers and risks in achieving the determined goals and objectives, using the available information systematically. Laboratories must identify and carry out a large number of interrelated activities to maintain their functions effectively. To achieve its goals, it must demonstrate the ability to measure and evaluate process performance, as well as to demonstrate the effectiveness of past decisions, along with improving operational effectiveness and efficiency. With a successful quality management process, the reliability of laboratory results can be increased. In this study, our objective was to develop a roadmap for the detection, monitoring and minimization of diagnostic errors in the surgical pathology laboratory, in line with the views of international regulatory organizations, to develop a quality plan based on risk management that covers the entire analytical cycle. It is not possible to discuss the quality control of laboratories without accepting the possibility of error in surgical pathology. Investing in continuing medical education and patient safety, as well as the training of new pathologists with a critical view to reducing errors is an imperative way to improve the practice of pathology.

HPTAD: A computational method to identify topologically associating domains from HiChIP and PLAC-seq datasets

High-throughput chromatin conformation capture technologies, such as Hi-C and Micro-C, have enabled genome-wide view of chromatin spatial organization. Most recently, Hi-C-derived enrichment-based technologies, including HiChIP and PLAC-seq, offer attractive alternatives due to their high signal-to-noise ratio and low cost. While a series of computational tools have been developed for Hi-C data, methods tailored for HiChIP and PLAC-seq data are still under development. Here we present HPTAD, a computational method to identify topologically associating domains (TADs) from HiChIP and PLAC-seq data. We performed comprehensive benchmark analysis to demonstrate its superior performance over existing TAD callers designed for Hi-C data. HPTAD is freely available at https://github.com/yunliUNC/HPTAD.