Organizations In Turkey Research Articles

Olympism through the Eyes of Coaches: Metaphorical Texture and Colors of Sport

This study aims to explore coaches' metaphorical perceptions of the concept of “Olympism.” The research sample consists of 170 coaches (86 male, 84 female) from various sports disciplines, working in both public and private organizations in Turkey during the 2023-2024 academic year. Data were collected using a “metaphor form,” where participants were prompted to complete the sentence: “Olympism is like ...; because …”. Content analysis was employed to examine the responses, leading to the development of categories and themes. The metaphors were organized into five categories, each comprising eleven themes. The most prominent category was ‘values of sport,’ followed by ‘abstract concepts and spiritual development’ and ‘universal values.’. The most frequent metaphors included life, Olympiad, summit, success, harmony, spirit, and sport. These findings indicate that coaches view sport as both a physical and a spiritual journey, emphasizing that Olympism supports athletes' personal and professional development. In the category of “Sport and Ethical Competition,” coaches highlighted that Olympism encompasses ethical values and social contributions in addition to achieving success. In the “Abstract Concepts and Spiritual Development” category, coaches described Olympism as a spiritual journey and a philosophy of life. Meanwhile, in the “Universal Values” category, they conveyed that sport serves as a means of fostering global unity and understanding. Overall, the study highlights that metaphors are an effective means of expressing the complex and multifaceted nature of Olympism.

The transformative role of the European Union on Turkish civil society a legal framework analysis from recognition to protection

Under the influence of the European Union (EU), the legal framework of civil society in Turkey has undergone significant changes. However, have the normative framework and policy demands of the EU been able to play a transformative role in shaping the legal organization of civil society in Turkey? In this study, we aimed to examine the transformative role of the EU in shaping the legal structure of civil society in Turkey. In the study, the Turkey Progress Reports published by the EU since 2005 were systematically examined, and the legal development of civil society was analyzed. The transformative role of the EU in shaping the legal structure of civil society in Turkey is of critical importance for democratization and strengthening the rule of law in the country. Efforts to align with EU standards have increased the legal recognition and protection of civil society in Turkey. Additionally, the financial and technical support provided by the EU has encouraged legal reforms aimed at enhancing the capacity of civil society organizations in Turkey. Nevertheless, further steps are necessary to fully strengthen and protect the legal structure of civil society.

CSR for Employees' and e-WOM Relationship: Case Study in Maritime Business Organization in Turkey

In the competitive contemporary landscape, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) holds paramount importance for enterprises, fostering ethical management and nuanced business understanding while supporting strategic marketing. The transformative impact of information technologies, exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, reshapes corporate communication dynamics. Amidst this, the symbiotic relationship between CSR initiatives and internal communication becomes crucial for organizational success. This research examines the intricate link between CSR and electronic word of mouth communication (e-WOM) intentions among employees. Additionally, it explores whether employment duration significantly influences e-WOM intentions. The research is theoretically based on a model that supports the impact of CSR on behavioral intentions with stakeholder theory and results in e-WOM. The quantitative research method of survey has been implemented. The relationships between the variables were tested using the Correlation and ANOVA analysis. Based on data from 246 employees serving at operations, sales and marketing, sea logistics and business administration departments by convenience sampling method in a Turkish maritime organization serving in container business, the findings reveal a positive correlation between the CSR initiatives and employees’ e-WOM intentions. The study also identifies a discernible impact of employment duration on e-WOM intentions, indicating statistical significance.

The influence of organisational climate on organisational silence: a comparison of public and private organisations in Turkey

The influence of organisational climate on organisational silence: a comparison of public and private organisations in Turkey

Does Industry 5.0 Reproduce Gender (In)equalities at Organisations? Understanding the Interaction of Human Resources and Software Development Teams in Supplying Human Capitals

AbstractThe aim of this study is to illustrate the significance of human resources and software development teams in the process of value co-creation, specifically in the provision of human capital within the framework of Industry 5.0. This investigation takes into account ethical considerations, machine ethics, and gender inequalities. In order to achieve this aim, we conduct semi-structured in-depth qualitative interviews with 12 Human Resources Specialists and 12 Computer Engineers in large scale organisations in Turkey. As a theoretical lens, we adopt modified grounded theory to explore the interaction of teams for demonstrating how they design and manage the digital process by considering the human–machine collaboration aspect of Industry 5.0. Based on the interviews, there are three main themes in the present research: digitalisation in tracking personnel data, ensuring ethical actions in digitalisation of organisational process, and reflections of digitalisation to gender inequality. Since studies on diversity and industry 5.0 are scarce, this research demonstrates the ethical and adverse aspects of industry 5.0, and how it reflects to gender inequality in organisations.

Conceptualization of Senior Management Support to the Safety Management in Aviation Organizations in Turkey

ABSTRACT Senior managers are considered to play a major role in successful safety management practices. In this study, the meaning of what senior managers’ believe support to safety management means was examined and the components of this support were identified. The qualitative data was collected through semi-structured interviews from 21 Safety Management System and Compliance Monitoring managers working in Turkish aviation organizations. This qualitative data was then analyzed using the inductive thematic analysis method in the NVivo 10.0 Program. The following six components of senior management’s support for safety management were revealed: 1- Demonstrating Effective Safety Leadership, 2- Carrying Out Safety Related Planning Activities, 3- Providing Adequate Resources, 4- Controlling Safety Performance, 5- Strengthening Positive Safety Culture, and 6- Coordinating with Stakeholders. According to the participants, Having a High Safety Commitment, Being Convincing and Building Trust, and Encouraging Other Managers are the most important support components. Allocating necessary financial resources to safety management and strengthening positive reporting culture are also important support indicators. Additionally, it was found that strategic management in aviation organizations should include safety management. In addition, the role of senior management support in the success of contemporary safety management approaches emerged as critical.

Fighting against Patriarchy with Tweets and Hashtags: Social Media Activism of the Women's Movement and Reactionary Counterpublics

This article critically examines social media activism of feminist organizations in Turkey to uncover the strategies and tactics that they deploy in order to mobilize, build networks within and beyond the women's movement, and repel online reactionary publics. It analyzes the use of the Twittersphere by the two leading women's platforms, We Will Stop Femicides (aka KCDP) and Equality for Women (aka EŞİK), in relation to the two important campaigns in recent decades: one about the prevention of femicides and the other on the implementation and, then, reinstatement of the Council of Europe Convention on Violence against Women. Based on in-depth interviews with activists and a quantitative content analysis of the Twitter timelines of the platforms, the authors ascertained five major strategies: insisting on a feminist lexicon; aligning with the ideologically like-minded organized social groups; soliciting support from politicians, celebrities, academics, and the media; forging local and international networks; and disregarding antigender, antifeminist reactive counterpublics and avoiding any direct confrontation with them.

Factors Affecting the Adoption of Cloud for Software Development: A Case from Turkey

Cloud-based solutions for software development activities have been emerging in the last decade. This study aims to develop a hybrid technology adoption model for cloud use in software development activities. It is based on Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Technology–Organization–Environment (TOE) framework, and the proposed extension Personal–Organization–Project (POP) structure. The methodology selected is a questionnaire-based survey and data are collected through personally administered questionnaire sessions with developers and managers, resulting in 268 responses regarding 84 software development projects from 30 organizations in Turkey, selected by considering company and project sizes and geographical proximity to allow face-to-face response collection. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) is used for statistical evaluation and hypothesis testing. The final model was reached upon modifications and it was found to explain the intention to adopt and use the cloud for software development meaningfully. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to identify and understand factors that affect the intention of developing software on the cloud. The developed hybrid model was validated to be used in further technology adoption studies. Upon modifying the conceptual model and discovering new relations, a novel model is proposed to draw the relationships between the identified factors and the actual use, intention to use and perceived suitability. Practical and social implications are drawn from the results to help organizations and individuals make decisions on cloud adoption for software development.

“Invisible sisters, invincible brothers:” tracing masculine domination within the Turkish left

AbstractA Bourdieusian analysis of gender relations within political organizations is highly instructive. This kind of analysis might provide insight into the intertwinement of gender and politics by illuminating the construction process of gendered political identities. Drawing upon memoirs written by the members of the left-wing organizations in Turkey and interviews conducted with them, this article argues that the narratives of members of the Turkish left reflect the multidimensional nature of what Pierre Bourdieu called masculine domination.

An Evaluation of the Youtube Channel Contents of NGOs Carrying Out Non-Formal Religious Education Activities in the Context of Civil Religious Education

With the introduction of the internet into our lives since the end of the 20th century, a rapid digitalization era has been entered in communication. This rapid digitalization has led to changes and innovations in all areas of life. Many states have taken their share from these changes and innovations. This is also the case for Turkey. This innovation and change mobility has not been limited to states only. There have also been great changes and movements in non-governmental organizations that act independently from states/governments. The public sphere in which people interact with each other and with states in order to act on behalf of their interests is expressed as civil society. Non-governmental organizations, on the other hand, are defined as organizations that act in line with the interests of societies, that individuals participate on a voluntary basis, that are independent of political power, and that are established in accordance with laws that include different groups. One of the most important features of non-profit, voluntary non-governmental organizations that cooperate with the state when necessary but are not bureaucratic is that they act for the solution of social problems. Education is one of the fields in which non-governmental organizations that provide social support take an active role in order to find solutions to the problems of societies and to contribute directly to the development of societies. 5% of associations and 32% of foundations in Turkey operate in the field of education. These organizations continue their educational activities through various tools such as courses and media, and through various institutions. Educational activities carried out by non-governmental organizations are defined as non-educational activities. Religion is one of the fields that non-governmental organizations that carry out both supportive activities in formal education and directly non-formal education activities take as the subject of education. This religious education, which especially comes to the fore in the dimension of non-formal education, can be defined as civil religious education. Along with the developing technology and the changing world, there have been changes in the institutions where non-formal education is made. Institutions where non-formal religious education took place were not limited to institutions such as mosques and Qur'an courses. Media and social media, which are today's communication and interaction networks, have also been added to the areas where non-formal religious education activities take place. Along with digitalization, digital channels such as Youtube, Facebook and Twitter were established and religious education activities were started to be carried out by both individuals and organizations in these channels. Along with digitalization, one of the institutions that carry out religious education activities in these channels is non-governmental organizations. Religious education activities are carried out by some non-governmental organizations on many platforms, especially Youtube. Youtube stands out as a platform that is used by 94.5% of social media users in our country and has users from all age groups. Religious education activities are also carried out by non-governmental organizations through the contents published on the Youtube platform. It is also important by which organizations this civil religious education, whose activities are evaluated within the scope of non-formal religious education activities on Youtube. In this research, it is aimed to examine the religious education activities carried out by non-governmental organizations on Youtube. In this direction, the non-governmental organizations channels with the most subscribers on Youtube and the examination of the most watched content on these channels constitute the subject of this research. In this study, which was carried out in the case study design, one of the qualitative research designs, data were collected with the criterion sampling technique, which is defined as examining the cases that meet the predetermined criteria, one of the purposeful sampling methods. The collected data was subjected to content analysis. As a result of the research, it has been seen that the most followed Youtube channels of non-governmental organizations in Turkey are Sözler Köşkü, Hayalhanem, Fussilet Quran Center, Social Texture Foundation and Siyer TV. In the study, the data obtained from the popular contents of these channels were coded in accordance with the content analysis. In addition, it has been determined that the themes covered in the popular contents of these channels are Qiraa, Family, Faith, Fiqh, Worship, Prophets and Values and evaluations have been made on the themes.

Fanatic or Ultras: Tribune Culture in Turkey

The fandom and the tribune both generate their own cultures. Fandom can be positioned in a variety of contexts while establishing this culture. In this sense, hooliganism, ultra-groups, and fandom all gain popularity. This study assessed tribune culture in Turkey. The study further performed ethnographic and netnographic observations in addition to the tribune culture and its facets. During the ethnographic observance phase September-December 2019 period, eight and two home and away matches were watched, respectively, with Bursaspor spectator groups, including Texas, Marathon, and Uni-crocodile (Ünitimsah). The notes conveyed here served as the basis for the first stage of the study. The second stage comprised the netnographic method to review the official Twitter accounts of the fan groups between September and December 2019. During this period, @teksasorg, @maratonplatform, and @unitimsah accounts shared 146, 30, and 230 tweets, respectively. These profiles appeared to create a fan culture that was similar both in real life and the digital environment. As a result, the study concluded that the structure of the sports fan organizations in Turkey is ultra-featured.

Impact of corporate governance principles on women’s quality work environment attitudes: A neo-institutional perspective

Mainstream institutional theories and corporate governance studies are entwined with patriarchal business relationships. However, within the theories the gender factor and benefits of the institutionalization process and corporate governance principles in terms of women’s employment in organizations have not been fully investigated. In addition, whether corporate governance principles are an effective tool to keep women in working life has not received sufficient attention in the literature. The paper aims to explore the contribution of institutionalization process and corporate governance interaction to employment and working environment quality with respect to female employees in the labour market where patriarchal labour relations are dominant. To achieve this purpose, the authors designed a questionnaire to compare gender groups in organizations that have adopted the principles of institutionalization and corporate governance. The total of 506 employees actively working in organizations in Turkey participated in the survey. Respondents’ answers were analysed using the structural equation models in the SPSS statistical program. The research findings revealed that the institutionalization process has a partial mediation effect on women’s attitude to quality of work environment. On the other hand, it was determined that corporate governance principles have no moderator effect on women’s attitude to work environment quality. The findings demonstrate that as the transparency and professionalization levels increase, women tend to prefer the organizations more. Compared to men, female managers and assistants embrace transparency and professionalization as a distinguishing quality of an efficient organization. Since corporate governance principles strengthen women’s employment in organizations in terms of equal wages and career opportunities, managers need to consider these principles as a substantial element of a company’s activities.

Between Humanitarian Assistance and Externalizing of EU Borders: The EU-Turkey Deal and Refugee Related Organizations in Turkey

This paper examines whether multilevel transnational cooperation makes a difference in refugee protection, especially in protracted displacement. In response to the forced migration of millions of Syrians to Turkey starting in 2011, the EU and Turkish government published a joint statement in March 2016. The so-called EU-Turkey deal (EUTD) provided a substantial flow of money (EUR 6 billion in four years) from the EU to Turkey. In return Turkey had to commit to contain and control migration movement toward the EU. In social science, there are quite diverse evaluations of the EUTD. Whereas some studies focus on its effectiveness and efficiency in reaching the outlined goals, other publications stress its geo-political effects on migrants’ mobility and (externalized) border control. Meanwhile some studies look for points to improve the EUTD while others criticize it fundamentally. This article analyzes the involvement of different types of international governmental and non-governmental organizations (IGOs and INGOs) in the four main action fields of the EUTD and its implicit side effects on the Turkish regime of migration management. It first summarizes some crucial findings and pending questions in the social science literature. Based on analysis of available documents and our own interviews in Turkey, we then shed light on the organizations involved in the implementation of the EUTD and its effects on the Turkish regime of refugee protection. In 2022, Turkey hosted some 3.7 million Syrian refugees of a total of almost four million registered international forced migrants. The EUTD of 2016 was mainly a response by the EU to the large numbers of Syrian refugees arriving in its members’ territories. When more than 1.2 million asylum seekers were registered in the then EU-28 in 2015 alone — more than twice the number in the preceding year — some EU member states (MS) negotiated with the Turkish government (Eurostat 2015, 2016). Based on a meeting of the European Council and its “Turkish counterpart” the so-called “EU-Turkey statement” was published on March 18 in 2015 (European Council 2016). From the very beginning, this EUTD was controversial — both in public discussions and in the social science literature. Was it primarily a payment from the EU to the Turkish government for externalizing its responsibilities of refugee protection? Or was it an appropriate measure for sharing the burden of an urgent humanitarian crisis? Was the money spent for refugee-oriented humanitarian aid and development expenses or was it instrumentalized by the Turkish government for its own ends? How did refugee related IGOs and INGOs participate in the management of the EUTD? In the following sections, we focus on some selected aspects of the role of national and international, governmental and non-governmental organizations active in the field of refugee protection, specifically the role and cooperation dynamics of these refugee related organizations (RRO) in implementing the Facility for Refugees in Turkey (FRIT) as part of the EUTD. Based on expert interviews in Turkey and an analysis of spending under the EUTD, the paper analyzes (1) how the landscape of RROs developed in the context of the EUTD, (2) how the budget of the EUTD was spent, and (3) how the cooperation between these RROs developed. The paper adds new insights into the contradictory dynamics between organizing services for refugees and controlling and containing refugee movements to the EU, between assisting and instrumentalizing forced migrants in Turkey, and between humanitarian aid and development activities. Especially the last point is relevant for contexts of protracted displacement as instruments of immediate humanitarian assistance have to be combined with means of longer-term development. From a perspective of organizational sociology, it argues that the EUTD contributed to a multi-level transnational organizational field of refugee protection, where collective and corporate actors relate in conflict and cooperation between the poles of rational self-interests and mutually recognized norms, between control-oriented state authorities up to grass root action networks. Analysis of the EUTD enables us to draw out specific insights and practical lessons for a broader audience. Before presenting our own empirical findings we first will sketch out the broader landscape of social science research and analysis of the EUTD. 2

Commitment profiles for employee voice: dual target and dominant commitment mindsets.

Based on the person-centered approach and the EVLN (exit, voice, loyalty, neglect) model, this study explores how the components of commitment create "profiles" and the implications of this for voice behaviors in response to malpractice at work. The study includes not just affective and continuance commitment forms but also a commitment to the team as a multi-target commitment. A survey was conducted of 518 employees from a broad range of organizations in Turkey. An attempt was made to differentiate the EVLN responses across diverse commitment profiles by expanding the context. Four clusters (low commitment, weakly-committed, affective-team dominant, and continuance dominant) were identified using k-means cluster analysis. Analysis of the variance results indicated that the affective-team dominant profile demonstrated the constructive voice. The low commitment profile showed the least desirable outcomes (exit and neglect), followed by the weakly-committed profile. The continuance dominant profile also demonstrated passive behaviors (neglect and patience). Affective and team commitments, which have similar foci, were found to be the primary drivers of voice behavior, especially when combined with low continuance commitment. Also, continuance commitment did not contribute to the voice behavior once a certain level of affective and team commitment was seen. This study contributes to expanding commitment profiles for data from Turkey by explaining diverse EVLN responses to dissatisfaction at work.

The relationship between alexithymia and counterproductive behaviors in the workplace

Purpose. The concept of alexithymia which is expressed as individuals having difficulty defining, regulating, and expressing their emotions, is believed to be on the rise in organizational life. It is argued that it is not possible for employees who have difficulty defining their emotions to build positive relationships in the workplace. Therefore, this study aims to investigate whether alexithymia has an impact on counterproductive work behaviors. Study design. Data were collected through the convenience sampling method from 334 employees working in public and private sector organizations in Turkey. The mean age of the participants is 34.1 years, the mean seniority in the profession is seven years, and the mean seniority in their organizations is three years. The data was collected through asurvey form. The Counterproductive Work Behaviors Scale (CWB) and Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) were used in the data collection tool. Findings. The study revealed that alexithymia has a significant contribution to counterproductive work behaviors. Moreover, it was found that alexithymia has a stronger contribution to organizational deviance (Cwb-O) than employee deviance (Cwb-P). As a result of the simple regression analysis carried out to determine to what extent the sub-dimension of alexithymia predicts counterproductive work behaviors in the workplace. “Having difficulty recognizingand verbalizing emotions” significantly predicted counterproductive work behaviors towards the organization (β = .65, t = 15.7, p = .00) and counterproductive work behaviors towards the employee (β = .42, t = 8.52, p = .00). Value of results. The findings of the study will provide a new perspective on counterproductive work behaviors in organizations and contribute to the industrial and organizational psychology literature as it is the first study in Turkey regarding the relationship between alexithymia and counterproductive work behaviors.

Blockchain Characteristics and Implications: Assessing the Impact on Sustainability in Turkish Sectors

Technological advances are accelerating the activation of the saving, preserving and using information in various economic models. Blockchain technology is one of the latest technologies used by many international institutions and organizations. Compared to other banking or technological technologies, it transmits and accumulates information transparently, instantly, and reliably at a low cost. As Turkey plays a significant economic role in the Middle East and Europe regions, this article highlights a sample of Turkish companies that use blockchain technology of the version 4.0. It is an attempt to measure the variables of the coefficient of trust, immutability, transparency, and cost reduction in combination with blockchain applications by scientists, administrative authors, and blockchain technologists. A quantitative descriptive approach has been adopted to examine the interrelation between blockchain applications and increase in transparency, confidence, stability, and cost reduction, based on the SPSS statistical software to produce accurate results. 19 Turkish companies were selected from 62 Turkish companies that have adopted blockchain, according to the official agency «BTCR» that tracks these organizations in Turkey. The selected companies, operating in banking, telecommunications, industry, and non-governmental associations, make large contributions to Turkey’s GDP. The study found that all four variables in the sectors improved significantly after the introduction of blockchain technology, but the systems for monitoring and tracking their influence were complex ones.

Türkiye’de Kadın Hareketleri Çerçevesinde STK’larda Kadın Liderlerinin Özellikleri

Türkiye’de kadın sivil toplum kuruluşları yöneticilerinin liderlik özellikleri ile sosyal yetkinlikleri arasındaki ilişkilerin araştırılmasıdır. Bu kapsamda araştırmanın sorunsalı, kadın sivil toplum kuruluşları yöneticilerinin liderlik özellikleri ile sosyal yetkinlikleri arasındaki ilişki var mı? Kadın STK liderlerinin yetkinliklerini etkileyen faktörler nelerdir? Kadın STK liderlerinin aldıkları inisiyatifler ve yaratıcılıkları topluma katılımcılık anlamında önemli bir alan açmakta mıdır? STK’ların özgür bir ortamda, kendi inisiyatiflerini geliştirmeleri ile STK liderlerinin toplumsal bilinç anlamında yetkinlikleri arasında bir ilişki var mıdır, varsa nasıl bir ilişkidir şeklinde sırlanabilir.
 Kadın liderlik kavramı, literatürde çok yer alan ve güncelliğini koruyan bir kavramdır. STK’ların amaçlarına ulaşabilmesi için ortak mücadeleler içerisinde ortaya çıkan, üyelerin oluşturduğu sinerjiyi en etkili şekilde yönlendirebilen ve ortak amaçların gerçekleştirilmesinde aktif rol alabilen liderlere ihtiyacı vardır. 
 Kadın STK liderlerinin sosyal yetkinliği, fiziki olmayan, sosyal ilişkilere ve bunların verimli kullanımına dayalı faaliyetlerde ortaya çıkan özelliklerden birisi olarak tanımlanabilir (Kızılöz, Günay ve Durgut, 2021: 62). Öz yetkinlik ise belirli bir davranış ve göreve yönelik hedeflerin, öğrenmenin, performansın, motivasyonun gerçekleştirilmesine olan yeterliliği kapsamaktadır (Ateş, 2016: 185-186).

Reading the Middle East through the Lens of Women’s Press in Turkey

The Progressive Women’s Association (PWA), founded in 1975 under the auspices of the Turkish Communist Party (TCP) when second-wave feminism was on the rise in Europe, emerged as the largest and most significant women’s organization in Turkey’s recent history. However, the organization did not position itself within the feminist paradigm. Instead, it worked for women’s causes without a feminist lineage. Thus, one of the principal questions of this study is how and to what extent the women’s movement in Europe, particularly second-wave feminism, was reflected by the women who founded the PWA and mobilized thousands of women during its five-year existence before it was shut down following the military coup in 1980. By relying on the journal Kadınların Sesi (Women’s Voice) published by the PWA, this study attempts to analyze how and to what extent women of the PWA followed and interpreted Middle East politics and specifically the condition of women in the Middle East. Previous studies on the PWA and its role in the history of the Turkish women’s movement have focused on locating the PWA within the socio-political context of modern Turkish history in general, and Turkish women’s history in particular. This study departs from the existing literature and unpacks how these women reflected upon the world in which they lived by focusing on what they wrote about the Middle East and women in the region.

Negotiating State-Civil Society Relations in Turkey: The Case of Refugee-Supporting Organizations

How do nonstate organizations carry out their programs in political contexts hostile to civil society activity? This paper examines the case of refugee-supporting organizations in Turkey, which hosts over 3.6 million Syrians under a temporary protection regime. While the Turkish state has taken a central role in refugee reception, nonstate organizations have played a sizeable role in refugee support. Analyzing interviews with key personnel across 23 organizations in Istanbul, the paper finds that organizational capacity and organizational identity together explain variations in CSO-state relations. While high-capacity organizations that adopt a variety of “rights-based” and “needs-based” identities will cooperate with state institutions, lower-capacity organizations use comparable signifiers to justify selective engagement or avoidance of state institutions. The paper argues that analyzing how organizations negotiate their identities can help explain variations in CSO-state relations in restrictive contexts without relying on a priori assumptions about CSO alignment with or opposition to the state.

The Roles of Non-Governmental Organizations in Turkey in Conservation of Ecology and Biodiversity

Sanayi devriminden sonra insanoğlu çevresini hızla tüketmeye başlamış ve nihayetinde gezegeni geri dönülemez bir ölçüde tahrip etmiştir. Çevre kirliliği, ormansızlaşma ve atmosfere salınan gazların etkisiyle her geçen gün yaşanılması daha da zor olan yeryüzünde ortaya çıkan “ekolojik krizin” bir an önce hafifletilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu konuda uluslararası kuruluşlara, devletlere, siyasal partilere, sivil toplum kuruluşlarına (STK) ve hatta bireylere daha fazla sorumluluk düşmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı Türkiye’de, STK’ların ekoloji ve biyoçeşitliliğin korunması adına neler yaptıklarını ve yapabileceklerini incelemektir. Çalışmada literatüre, gözleme ve görüşmelere dayalı nitel araştırma yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Türkiye’de sayıları sınırlı olan ve çevre konusundaki duyarlı bireyleri organize ederek bilinç oluşturmaya çalışan STK’ların ekoloji ve biyoçeşitliliği korumak adına gerçekleştirdikleri etkinlikler, faaliyet alanları ve yöneldikleri kitleler ele alınmıştır.Çalışmanın sonucunda STK’ların Türkiye’de yaşanan ekolojik krizin önlenmesinde zaman zaman etkili olduğu görülmüş olsa da, Türkiye çevre hareketinin seçkinci bir yönü bulunduğu ve çevre hareketinin tabana yayılmadığı söylenebilir.