Organizational Failure Research Articles

Clinical and economic assessment of feasibility of using quadritherapy in patients with reduced ejection fraction chronic heart failure in medical organizations of the Moscow Region

Objective: assessment of feasibility of using four-component drug therapy for patients with chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (CHFrEF) in medical organizations of the Moscow Region (MR).Material and methods. Clinical and economic analysis of combined standard therapy with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, beta-blockers, and mineralocorticoid-receptor antagonists in combination with dapagliflozin (a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2) in the treatment of patients with CHFrEF was carried out. The effectiveness criteria were the number of prevented cardiovascular (CV) deaths and the percentage of the contribution to the achievement of the target indicator to reduce mortality from circulatory diseases within the framework of the regional program “Health care development”. In order to determine the economic feasibility of quadritherapy, direct medical costs for the implemented technology were calculated, the cost of one prevented CV death was determined based on the values of the number needed to treat (NNT) indicator. Budget impact analysis was performed which allowed to build two analytical models. Results. It was shown that the use of quadritherapy can significantly contribute to achieving the target indicator by additionally preventing 512 CV deaths by 2024, which will make it possible to fulfill up to 74.74% of the indicator set by the MR state program “Health care of the Moscow Region” (451.4 persons per 100 thousand population). Using quadruple therapy in 1000 target patients during the first year will prevent 11 CV deaths (NNT 90 persons). The cost of one prevented CV death was 3.860 million rubles. The budget impact analysis made it possible to determine that when CHF patients switch from standard treatment regimens to quadritherapy, including in combination with a drug of the angiotensin/neprilysin receptor inhibitor group (valsartan + sacubitril), this will entail an increase in healthcare system budget costs by 18.8%.Conclusion. The results demonstrate that the standard therapy in combination with the innovative drug dapagliflozin leads to a proven reduction in mortality from circulatory diseases. This technology is a cost-effective approach to organizing medical care for adult patients with CHFrEF on the MR territory.

Preventing Another Fifty Years of Mass Incarceration: How Bioethics Can Help.

In the article "Fifty Years of U.S. Mass Incarceration and What It Means for Bioethics," Sean Valles provides an important reminder of the consequences of mass incarceration in the United States and identifies potential roles for bioethicists in addressing this system. My limited view-that of a physician who conducts court-ordered investigations and monitoring of health services behind bars-is that the ongoing failure of most academic and professional organizations to be more effective in this much-ignored area stems from the lack of leaders and staff who have been directly impacted by mass incarceration. As conditions behind bars worsen, and a new war on drugs recoils the spring of mass incarceration, there is a pressing need to train, recruit, and promote people who know the realities of the criminal (and immigration) justice system and its impact on health and well-being. This step can bring a more powerful engagement of bioethics regarding housing, employment, and health care and policing, as well as the numerous and harmful elements of jails, prisons, and detention settings. I provide examples of partners I learn from in this arena, as well as some discrete and technical areas for possible investigation.

The Interplay of Factors Driving Succession Planning in Namibian Commercial Public Enterprises

This paper examined the relationship between employee traits and organizational performance in Namibia's Commercial Public Enterprises (CPEs) succession planning. The study was conducted on a total population of 47 participants drawn from 22 CPEs in Namibia. Primary data were collected using closed-ended research questionnaires and interviews, and qualitative data analyses were employed. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze quantitative data, while correlation was performed to determine the relationships among the variables. Qualitative data was gathered through interviews to gauge the targeted managers' attitudes, beliefs, values, and experiences with executive leadership succession planning. The majority of respondents indicated the following as essential factors to consider in recruitment for succession planning of CPEs: the successor's age, education, experience in commercial PPEs, outside management experience, past performance, knowledge and skills in marketing, finance, strategic planning, interpersonal skill, technical knowledge and skill, decision making ability, experience, compatibility of goals with current CEO/MD, commitment to the business, psychological traits, respect from employees and trust by employees. This study provides further evidence on succession planning challenges, such as the organization's size and failure to retain employees. This study serves as a reference for the management of CPEs in Namibia for effective succession planning.

Learning from past in the aircraft maintenance industry: An empirical evaluation in the safety management framework

The growth of commercial air transport arguably translates into more aging passenger aircraft queuing up for major maintenance, modifications, and/or freighter conversion with the aircraft maintenance industry. In the competitive business environment, this increased maintenance demand possesses the potential to stress the industry and make safety vulnerable. In the aircraft maintenance industry, several aircraft accidents and incidents have resulted from organizational failure to learn from the past. To address this chronic problem, this study aims to (a) establish a learning process model for the aircraft maintenance industry, (b) identify the factors that influence learning, and (c) determine the effect of identified factors on learning from the past. A review of scholarly articles and regulatory publications enabled the development of learning from the past process model and a data collection tool, followed by structural equation modeling to quantify the relationship among influencing factors. The study was conducted in the Indian aircraft maintenance environment and is based on the perspective of the front-line maintenance staff. The study found that safety communication is the decisive stage for learning from the past. Contextualization of the safety information and evaluating the lessons learned during safety communication strongly impact learning from the past, for which existing regulatory provisions are vulnerable. The findings of this study are meant to assist State regulators and management of the aircraft maintenance industry; nevertheless, safety managers and practitioners in other ultra-safe, high-risk sectors may also apply the results in compliance with the respective regulatory guidelines.

Scarce resources or damaged goods? On the legitimacy of laid‐off workers following MNC failure

AbstractResearch SummaryWe contribute to theorizing global human resource strategy by analyzing the mobility of workers laid off due to the failure of a MNC employer. The job opportunities of laid‐off workers are affected by their industry legitimacy. Focusing on scarce specialized workers, we propose that prospective MNC employers share an interest in retaining such workers' legitimacy. However, in the light of organizational failure, they may suffer from cross‐border legitimacy loss conditioned by their former employer's MNC structure—specifically, their former organizational units or geographical locations. We present an illustrative case study of traders laid off by a spectacular bankruptcy in the global bunker industry. This inspires a discussion of how MNC top management can manipulate worker legitimacy following an organizational failure.Managerial SummaryStrategic hiring of globally mobile scarce specialized workers is central to global human resource strategy. We analyze what drives the legitimacy and mobility of such workers after being laid off by a bankruptcy of their former employer. We demonstrate that laid off workers experience comparatively high legitimacy loss when they were previously assigned to an MNC organizational unit or geographical location where other workers were suspected of being responsible for failure. This weakens their bargaining position vis‐a‐vis a prospective employer. We present an illustrative case study of traders laid off by a spectacular bankruptcy in the global bunker oil industry.

Adaptive organizational responses to varied types of failures: Empirical insights from technology providers in Ghana

Although failure has been described as a significant trigger for the organizational learning process, current literature studies have provided limited insight into the organizational conditions that foster learning from failure. Interpreting the organizational failure as a missed opportunity for a firm to anticipate, recognize, avoid, neutralize or adapt to external environment generating diverse misfits, our study investigates how firms respond to different misfits within and in their environment. Using interviews and document analysis, we identify four types of misfits-managerial, cultural, technical, and political-and examine how firms respond to these misfits over time. Our research reveals that firms exhibit distinct patterns of response and learning depending on the type of misfit encountered. We also identify specific strategies and resources that firms utilize to anticipate, prepare for, and respond to misfits, such as developing innovative solutions and cultivating external networks. Lastly, we discuss the managerial implications of our findings and propose avenues for future research.

SAFETY RISKS POSED BY PYROTECHNIC MATERIALS

Abstract: Pyrotechnic materials are one of the types of explosives which are used to manufacture products for military and civil purposes. These materials, in the event of improper storage or use contrary to their intended purpose, may work in an uncontrolled manner. In extreme cases, the phenomenon of a mass explosion involving the entire load, warehouse or transport vehicle may occur, which in turn may lead to significant losses in people or property. History cites many cases in which the explosion of spectacular pyrotechnic products, generally considered harmless, had catastrophic consequences for the life and health of many people. The risks associated with the use of pyrotechnic materials may result, among others, from: negligence on the part of producers, or organizational local authorities, lack or failure to maintain an appropriate level of security by sellers, organizers of mass events and users themselves. Due to the amount of storage in one place, pyrotechnic materials pose a particularly high risk in the places of production and storage. Over the years, there have been many disasters related to the accidental initiation of energetic semi-finished or finished products. This article describes accidents related to the activation of pyrotechnic materials in Poland and abroad. Methods for determining the degree of hazard posed by dangerous goods and examples of the Test Series 6 carried out for pyrotechnic articles are also presented.

Parasitic events and host destination resource dependence: Evidence from the Gold Coast 2018 Commonwealth Games

Major events possess limited resources relative to those they must seize, extract and control from a host destination. All sport events, to varying degrees, are parasitic as they are highly dependent onexternal host destination resource environments to deliver complex operational and strategic event objectives. This dynamic poses a management challenge as the event's existence, sustenance and survival is principally determined by: 1) the host's munificence (the host destination's willingness to offer up local resources), and 2) the event's ability to secure the resources required for an extended period of time. This article investigates these complex resourcing relationships through an in-depth case study of the 2018 Commonwealth Games held on the Gold Coast, Australia, a well-developed tourist destination. Methodologically, we draw on interviews with representatives from the government, event managers and host community networks. Alongside the interviews, we analyse policy and planning documentation, and review in-person, observational evidence gathered before and during the 2018 Commonwealth Games. We apply, and extend, resource dependency theory and associated concepts to explain the event-host destination resourcing relationship. We detail how and why major events deploy constraint absorption (hard power) and co-optation (soft power) tactics to render a host destination's resource under internal control, reflecting on the parasitic nature of the event-host relationship. We conclude that the transfer of resource to external agents, justified as a means of reducing organisational uncertainty and operational failure, actually leads to deleterious outcomes for local stakeholders and the host destination, undermining the event's own social sustainability and inclusivity objectives.

Introducing the Co-oriented Scansis (CoS) model: A case of chatbot, Lee-Luda

This study presents the Co-oriented Scansis (CoS) model, which provides a comprehensive understanding of scansis—a recently identified crisis type integrated into the Situational Crisis Communication Theory (SCCT). Using a crisis case of Scatter Lab, a South Korean AI company, as a model case, the study applies the CoS model to analyze the perceptions and meta-perceptions of both the organization and the public regarding the crisis. The data collection involved three official statements released by Scatter Lab and an analysis of 365 reviews from the Google Play users' reviews page of Science of Love—the app used by Scatter Lab to collect intimate conversations between romantic partners. The findings highlight the utility of the CoS model in explaining how Scatter Lab's AI crisis evolved into a scansis. Specifically, the organization's failure to accurately comprehend the public's perception of the crisis (second level co-orientation) and the resulting discrepancy between the organization and the public's perceptions (third level co-orientation) contributed to moral outrage, ultimately leading to a scansis. The study concludes by discussing the theoretical contributions of the CoS model and its practical implications for crisis management.

PERAN ANALISIS JABATAN TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI SEKDA KABUPATEN PROBOLINGGO

The behavior pattern that society expects of someone in a particular position is what is meant by the term "role." Job analysis frequently plays a significant role in an employee's performance within an institution or organization, particularly within the Regional Secretary of Probolinggo Regency. A job analysis is a process that involves a series of activities like parsing, distinguishing, and arranging things so that they can be regrouped in accordance with particular criteria in order to eventually fill vacant positions in an organization or institution. An institution or organization's job analysis will make it simpler for them to assign them to particular positions, which will later have an impact on employees' performance. The quantity and quality of work performed by employees in accordance with their responsibilities is what determines their level of performance. The level of performance of employees, both individually and collectively, has an impact on the organization's success or failure. Performance is measured using instruments developed in studies that rely on performance measures in general and then translated into fundamental behavioral assessments.
 Keywords: Role, Job Analysis, Employee Performance

The Effects of Organizational Scandals on the Desirability of Public Organizations as Places to Work: Evidence From the VA Waitlist Scandal

Public administration scholars have extensively explored organizational scandals through two lenses: (1) inside stories of organizational scandals examining the main causes of scandals and (2) the effects of scandals on trust in government, trust in governmental officials, and public financing. Yet, we know little about how organizational scandals affect government employees’ work attitudes. Understanding how public employees react to organizational scandals deserves scholarly attention because public employees not only execute their agencies’ key functions and programs but are involved in actively addressing the organization's failures. To address this gap, we apply a quasi-experimental approach using the 2014 Department of Veterans Affairs waitlist scandal, with a specific focus on the effects of the scandal on employee job satisfaction and perceived organizational attractiveness. Empirical results using the Federal Employee Viewpoint Survey from 2011 to 2017 show that the organizational scandal had a negative effect on both outcomes.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN QUIET QUITTING AND LEADERSHIP ORIENTATION: THE CASE OF CROATIAN EMPLOYEES

Quiet quitting describes the situation when an employee mentally and emotionally checks out form the job, and does the bare minimum in her/his everyday work activities. This topic becomes very popular since the coronavirus pandemic, when people reconsidered their approaches towards work and decided to accomplish work-life balance. Quiet quitting is mostly evident among generation Z and Millennials, but other generations are also involved in this phenomenon. In general, quiet quitting origins from an organization's failure to create a meaningful bond with its employees. Consequently, leadership orientation could influence on appearance and presence of quiet quitting behaviour. The aim of this paper was to examine the phenomenon of quiet quitting among Croatian employees. An additional aim was to analyse the connection between quiet quitting and leadership orientation. The empirical research was conducted in 2023 on convenience sample. The questionnaire was created and distributed online. Research results showed a moderate level of quiet quitting behaviour among Croatian employees. Furthermore, research results suggested that task oriented leadership is more often represented than people oriented leadership. A negative statistically significant correlation between task oriented leadership and quiet quitting has been discovered, but no statistically significant correlation between quiet quitting and people oriented leadership.

Rereading entrepreneurial failure from the scientific literature: A bibliometric approach

AbstractAcademic literature analyzing the conditions of entrepreneurial failure has emerged in the last decade. Failure can be interpreted in several ways: failure as the disappearance of the firm, failure based on flawed strategies, organizational failure, and failure defined by the entrepreneur's perception. We mobilize a bibliometric technique and identify different scientific conversations initiated between 2016 and 2021. We conducted a bibliometric study using the bibliographic linkage method on 198 articles. This article is divided into three sections. First, we review the methodological choices made, then we describe the results before discussing their generic implications for understanding the phenomenon of failure.

The Impact of Leadership Styles on Employee's Job Satisfaction

The human resources of every organization play fundamental roles that are supported by both internal and external factors. Various leadership styles and their influences regarding the personnel's contentment with their positions lead to any organization's success or failure. The existing literature of leadership requires empirical verification about which leadership styles are more linked to job satisfaction within one sector where various leading posts are available like universities in developing economies. Thereby, this study aims to substantiate the relationship between different leadership styles (transformational, ethical, servant and transactional) and job satisfaction. The 106 teachers of higher education institutes of Balochistan filled a questionnaire through convenience sample design. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to test the hypotheses. Findings show that ethical leadership is highly correlated with job satisfaction leads to transactional leadership. The servant and transformational leadership was positive related with job satisfaction having low level of beta. It shows that those leaders who utilize ethical, strict disciplines, transparency and authority contributes more in enhancing job satisfaction in Balochistan. The higher education institutes require to inculcate ethical and administrative features among leaders through training programs.

Followership in Organisational Leadership Studies: A Systematic Literature Review

Although followership is just as important as leadership, it is often overlooked in leadership research due to the stereotypical belief that only leaders are responsible for organisational success and failures. However, without followers, leaders would not exist, and thus, studying followership is essential to improve our understanding of organisational leadership. This systematic literature review paper aims to contribute to the body of literature on leadership research by examining the conceptualisation of followership from both leader-centric and follower-centric perspectives. Employing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) method as a framework, this paper conceptualises followership and examines various aspects of follower conceptualisation, including definitions, styles, and attributes. It further investigates follower-centric predictors of leadership effectiveness. The paper also examines the theoretical perspectives utilised in understanding followership.

Variation in Risk-Standardized Acute Admission Rates Among Patients With Heart Failure in Accountable Care Organizations: Implications for Quality Measurement.

Background Accountable care organizations (ACOs) aim to improve health care quality and reduce costs, including among patients with heart failure (HF). However, variation across ACOs in admission rates for patients with HF and associated factors are not well described. Methods and Results We identified Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries with HF who were assigned to a Medicare Shared Savings Program ACO in 2017 and survived ≥30 days into 2018. We calculated risk-standardized acute admission rates across ACOs, assigned ACOs to 1 of 3 performance categories, and examined associations between ACO characteristics and performance categories. Among 1 232 222 beneficiaries with HF, 283 795 (mean age, 81 years; 54% women; 86% White; 78% urban) were assigned to 1 of 467 Medicare Shared Savings Program ACOs. Across ACOs, the median risk-standardized acute admission rate was 87 admissions per 100 people, ranging from 61 (minimum) to 109 (maximum) admissions per 100 beneficiaries. Compared to the overall average, 13% of ACOs performed better on risk-standardized acute admission rates, 72% were no different, and 14% performed worse. Most ACOs with better performance had fewer Black beneficiaries and were not hospital affiliated. Most ACOs that performed worse than average were large, located in the Northeast, had a hospital affiliation, and had a lower proportion of primary care providers. Conclusions Admissions are common among beneficiaries with HF in ACOs, and there is variation in risk-standardized acute admission rates across ACOs. ACO performance was associated with certain ACO characteristics. Future studies should attempt to elucidate the relationship between ACO structure and characteristics and admission risk.

Exploring reasons for divergent local communities’ responses to antiquities preservation during conflict in the northwest of Syria – 2014-2023

The grave damage to Syrian antiquities inflicted during the war has demonstrated the failure of international organizations and cultural agreements to protect antiquities in Syria and highlighted the divergent attitudes of Syrians themselves regarding their antiquities. Initiatives were undertaken in some areas to safeguard antiquities, but were lacking in others, and some Syrians were themselves involved in plundering and destruction actions. This paper aims to identify the reasons for such stark differences in local communities’ responses to safeguarding Syrian antiquities. A total of 46 semi-structured interviews were conducted with residents of Idlib and northern rural Aleppo, including local archaeologists. The study demonstrated differences between the two areas regarding knowledge and attitudes and revealed that a range of factors led to clear differences in the responses of the local communities in Idlib and those of northern rural Aleppo regarding antiquities protection. Some factors were anticipated, such as the impact of war, the security situation, and the deteriorating economic situation, while new factors have been identified. Understanding the local attitudes to antiquities, including the reasons for its protection or destruction, will support plans for enhancing the role of local communities in preserving their antiquities during the conflict.

A comparative analysis of service quality in public and private sector hotels

Service quality has been found to improve with trained staff, a proper customer feedback mechanism, and quick complaint resolution in business organisations. In India, people have a skewed perception of the efficiency of public sector service delivery as compared to private business organisations. The present study aims to investigate the impact of trained staff, proper customer feedback and quick complaint resolution on service quality in the public and private sector hotels. Research instruments such as questionnaires, personal interviews, and participatory observation were used to collect primary data from the respondents. The data were analyzed through the appropriate statistical tools by using Microsoft Excel ToolPak. Statistical tools such as the percentage method, cross tabulation, Chi-square test, independent sample t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Multiple Regression were used for the analysis. The findings reveal that Staff training, a proper feedback mechanism, and the resolution of customer complaints were essentially the indicators of good service quality in the hotel industry. The failure of the public sector organisations to properly address all three essential components of good service quality was a major factor in their inability to meet customer expectations.

Case Study - Strategic Organizational Failures at a Glove Manufacturing ABC Company in Sri Lanka

Case Study - Strategic Organizational Failures at a Glove Manufacturing ABC Company in Sri Lanka

Leading Organizational Change in the Post-COVID Pandemic Era.

Leading Organizational Change in the Post-COVID Pandemic Era.