With the increasing competition in the global economy and the continuous changes in the business environment, it has become increasingly difficult for enterprises to maintain their competitive edge. Against this background, the importance of talent has gradually risen and has become one of the most important factors for companies to enhance their competitiveness. This study takes one of the world’s largest coffee chain brands, Starbucks, as an example to explore the impact of talent chains on organizational competitiveness. By deeply analyzing Starbucks’ talent chain operation mode as a successful case and its impact on the organization’s competitiveness, this study aims to elucidate the talent chain’s key mechanism in enhancing its competitiveness. By analyzing Starbucks’ employee recruitment, development, and retention processes, this study also aims to provide guidance and inspiration to other firms wishing to enhance their competitiveness. Examining the relationship between the talent chain and the competitiveness of competing organizations provides theoretical and practical importance in better understanding the link between human resource strategy and competitiveness and in gaining a competitive advantage for firms.