Organizational Structure Characteristics Research Articles

The Impact of Assisted Living Organizational Structure and Process Characteristics on Staff Absence During COVID-19

ABSTRACT Quality of care in assisted living communities (ALCs) is important to consumers. The coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and associated emergency policies have posed major challenges on staff recruitment and retention. This study aimed to examine the relationship between organizational characteristics of ALCs in Florida and challenges with staff absence during COVID-19 (N = 129 ALCs). Results indicated that structures (provision of memory care services), processes of care (challenges hiring new staff, staff sent home to comply with precautions, and staff anxiety), and local COVID-19 positivity rate were significantly associated with staff absence due to fear of infection, sickness, or family responsibilities. ALC providers and state regulatory agencies should develop policies and procedures that take these issues into consideration to prepare for future emergencies and disasters. Infection control policies should reflect whether an ALC provides memory care services and inform ways to overcome potential challenges with protocols. Efforts to reduce staff anxiety and disaster-related concerns should also be considered to ensure quality of care during emergencies.

Gender bender organizational barriers and women’s career progression: Evidence from commercial banks in Pakistan

The study aims to investigate the effect of gender bender organizational barriers on women career progression in Commercial Banks in Pakistan. The Perceived barriers were gender stereotype, socio-cultural beliefs, organizational structure, family responsibilities and individual characteristics. To serve that purpose, specifically branches of all public and private banks in twin cities i-e Islamabad and Rawalpindi, were selected. Survey research strategy was adopted to collect data from 252 branches of selected sample. Convenience sampling and random sampling techniques were used to select sample of branches. Self-administered questionnaires were distributed among the three clusters which are top managers, middle managers and sub-ordinate. Collected data was tested on IBM SPSS by using multiple linear regression, descriptive statistics reliability and correlation analysis. The findings indicate that gender-specific organizational systems negatively affect women career progression in banks of Islamabad and Rawalpindi. The theoretical support was provided by gender and feminist theories and Gendered Organizational Structure (GOS) Model” and its three sub-models.

Организационно-правовые основы управления профессиональным психологическим отбором в войсках национальной гвардии России

<p style="text-align: justify;">A study of organizational and legal foundations of the management of professional psychological selection in the National Guard has been carried out, which is a very relevant task. The significance of the problem of cognition of its objective characteristics is determined by the specifics of the professional activity of servicemen and the social significance of their tasks. The management of this selection has its own organizational and legal foundations, which requires their scientific conceptualization and a disclosure of their characteristics, since such attempts have not yet been made in scientific literature. The authors used the theoretical provisions of an integrated approach towards the study of a person, methods of comparative legal research, as well as various analytical, regulatory, legal, organizational and managerial materials. The authors identified and substantiated a multi-level system for managing professional psychological selection in the troops of the National Guard of Russia, its regulatory and organizational basis. Revealing the features of managerial activities for the implementation of professional psychological selection measures, its organizational structure and main characteristics are analyzed in detail.</p>

A hierarchical integration scheduling method for flexible job shop with green lot splitting

The integration of green scheduling and lot splitting scheduling is indispensable for ensuring the coordinated optimization of economic and environmental benefits in flexible job-shop scheduling (FJS). However, this integration involves not only the indicator of greenness and economy but also the process of production planning and scheduling, which is substantially complicated. To this end, a hierarchical integrated scheduling method is proposed by comprehensively considering the multilevel organizational structure and task configuration characteristics of flexible job-shop, as well as the differences in objectives on different scheduling levels: workshop level, process unit level, machine tool level. On the workshop level, a lot splitting model is presented to obtain the optimal processing task set for each production cycle with the minimum expected cost (startup cost, tardiness cost, and holding cost). On the process unit level, a task allocation model is given to allocate the optimal workload for each machine tool with the minimum processing energy consumption and maximum machine load. On the machine tool level, an operation sequencing model is established to obtain the optimal processing sequence for each machine tool with the minimum standby energy consumption and makespan. According to the solving characteristics of the hierarchical models, a multi-objective algorithm is applied. Finally, a case study is demonstrated to validate the proposed method.

Enrollment and Scientific Progress of the Multisite SuperAging Research Initiative

AbstractBackgroundThe SuperAging Research Initiative is a multisite consortium focused on identifying factors promoting extraordinary cognitive aging. The designation of SuperAger is reserved for individuals age 80+ who have episodic memory capacity that would be considered at least average for those 2‐3 decades younger. The presence of such outliers raises questions of fundamental importance to the neurobiology of brain aging, resilience, resistance, and avoidance of cognitive decline caused by Alzheimer’s disease. The original study of SuperAgers emerged at Northwestern and helped establish the phenotype. The SuperAging Research Initiative was established in 2021 and is focused on increasing minority representation and expanding deep phenotyping of this unique population.MethodsHarmonized data collection has been initiated across the five sites including behavioral, health, biologic, genetic, environmental, socioeconomic, psychosocial, neuroanatomic, and neuropathologic factors. Here we summarize the initial recruitment progress and baseline characteristics of the current cohort.ResultsWe will present the organizational structure, progress, and baseline characteristics of the cohort to date. The SuperAging Research Initiative includes three Cores (Administrative/Biostatistics, Clinical/Imaging, and Biospecimen/Neuropathology) and two Research Projects. Enrollment (target, n = 500) has commenced across four U.S. Sites located in Illinois, Wisconsin, Michigan, and Georgia, and a Canadian Site in Southwest Ontario, with a focus on enrollment of Black SuperAgers and Cognitively Average Elderly Controls with similar demographics. Project 1 uses state‐of‐the‐art wearable technology to obtain quantitative measurements of daily life including, sleep, physical activity, autonomic responsivity, and social engagement to determine whether SuperAgers have relatively preserved physiologic and behavioral ‘complexity’ compared to Controls. Project 2 focuses on transcriptomic, genetic, and protein profiling to examine central and peripheral immune and inflammatory system parameters of SuperAgers.ConclusionsBy identifying factors contributing to superior memory performance in old age, outcomes may help isolate modifiable factors that promote healthspan and perhaps also prevent age‐related brain diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease.

A structural equation model of CFIR inner and outer setting constructs, organization characteristics, and national DPP enrollment

BackgroundThe National Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) has made great strides in increasing accessibility to its year-long, evidence-based lifestyle change program, with around 3000 organizations having delivered the program. This large dissemination effort offers a unique opportunity to identify organization-level factors associated with program implementation and reach (enrollment) across diverse settings. The purpose of this study was to quantitatively examine the relationships among Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) Inner Setting and Outer Setting constructs and the implementation outcome of reach.MethodsThis study analyzed data from a 2021 cross-sectional online survey with 586 National DPP Staff (lifestyle coaches, master trainers, program coordinators) with information about their organization, implementation outcomes, and responses to quantitative CFIR Inner Setting and Outer Setting construct items. Structural equation modeling was used to test a hypothesized path model with Inner and Outer Setting variables to explore direct and indirect pathways to enrollment.ResultsThe CFIR items had good internal consistency and indicated areas of implementation strength and weakness. Eight variables included as part of the CFIR structural characteristics and one organization characteristic variable had significant direct relationships with enrollment. The length of delivery, number of lifestyle coaches, number of full-time staff, large organization size, and organizations delivering in rural, suburban, and/or urban settings all had positive significant direct relationships with enrollment, while academic organizations and organizations with only non-White participants enrolled in their National DPP lifestyle change programs had a negative association with enrollment.ConclusionsParticipant reach is an important implementation outcome for the National DPP and vital to making population-level decreases in diabetes incidence in the USA. Our findings suggest that to facilitate enrollment, program implementers should focus on organizational structural characteristics such as staffing. Strengths of this study include the use of adapted and newly developed quantitative CFIR measures and structural equation modeling. Health prevention programs can use the methods and findings from this study to further understand and inform the impact of organization factors on implementation outcomes.

THE ROLE OF TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP IN EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW AT XYZ UNIVERSITY

Transformational leadership has become an important subject of research in the field of management and organizational psychology, due to its powerful influence on individual and group performance. The method used in this study is the search for scientific articles in leading academic databases. Inclusion criteria were established to select articles relevant to this research topic, i.e. research explaining the relationship between transformational leadership and employee performance at XYZ University. After passing the selection process, articles that meet the inclusion criteria are taken as research samples. The results of this systematic literature review show that transformational leadership has a significant positive impact on employee performance at XYZ University. Several studies have found that transformational leadership is positively associated with productivity, work quality, job satisfaction, and employee organizational commitment. Previous research has shown that transformational leadership affects employee performance through several mechanisms. First, transformational leadership encourages employees to adopt a strong organizational vision, which provides clear goals and direction. Second, transformational leadership creates a work environment that supports employees' personal and professional development, which increases their motivation and commitment to the organization. Third, transformational leadership builds strong interpersonal relationships between leaders and employees, which improves trust, communication, and collaboration. In addition, this literature review also identified several contextual factors that can moderate the relationship between transformational leadership and employee performance. These factors include organizational culture, organizational structure, and individual characteristics of employees. In an organizational culture that supports innovation and participation, transformational leadership can have a stronger impact on employee performance. Similarly, flexible and empowering organizational structures can enhance the effects of transformational leadership on employee performance. In addition, individual characteristics such as motivation and personality can also influence the relationship between transformational leadership and employee performance. The findings of this study show that transformational leadership has an important role in improving employee performance. Organizations need to understand the importance of transformational leadership and apply it in their context to improve employee productivity and success. However, more research is needed to understand more deeply the mechanisms and contextual factors that influence these relationships, as well as test their effects in different organizational contexts.

The Effects of Organizational Structure on MBSE Adoption in Industry: Insights from Practitioners

Despite a general increase of use across the industry, Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) continues to be reported as difficult to adopt in organizations. Data related to adoption is largely taken from surveys asking respondents to share what they think are barriers or challenges to adopting MBSE. Consistently, organizational-related factors such as culture and structure are often one of the top reported barriers to adopting MBSE. Despite this, there has been little research exploring how these organizational factors actually affect MBSE adoption. This study attempts to address that void by comparing data on organizational structure characteristics with adoption and implementation metrics. A survey was created and distributed amongst the Systems Engineering community to collect this data. Characteristics of organizational structure that were measured as variables include: Size, Formalization, Centralization, Specialization, Vertical Differentiation, Flexibility, and Interconnectedness. All of these variables except for Specialization were found to have some level of significant correlation with adoption and/or implementation variables as perceived by the respondents. Flexibility and Interconnectedness especially had strong correlations with both adoption and implementation variables. This study serves as an exploratory report of this type of organizational-related data as it relates to MBSE, seeding future work that enables Engineering Managers to derive strategies to adopt and implement MBSE customized to their organization.

Security Risk and Preventive Measures of Multimedia Database System under Remote Control of Network Robot

The rapid development of network technology makes the world enter a new era, but it also brings a variety of severe information security problems, which makes the network security more and more important. Based on the existing literature and information, this paper expounds the current situation of database information system security. In view of the security risks of the media database information, this paper proposes to use the remote control system of the network robot, through sorting out the organizational structure characteristics and technology of multimedia data, establish the security defense system, and try to manage the multimedia data security. This system takes the mobile robot as the control object and adds the vision and ultrasonic transducer for the robot, so that it can carry on the semi-autonomous movement under the control of human. In addition, the host PC is used as the main control terminal to send instructions to the remote robot and receive the feedback data information. The simulation results show that the robot remote control system has good security, can ensure the establishment of database security defense technology system, and has the characteristics of convenient operation, easy to expand, and strong mobility. From the research point of view of this paper, the combination of robotics and multimedia information security is booming and will become a new application prospect.

Cross-sectional analysis of relationship between strategic orientation, structural arrangements and size of enterprises in Croatia

Objective: To investigate the relationship between the two basic constructs of organizational design, strategic orienta-tion, and structural arrangements, as well as to re-examine the role of enterprise size in the variations of both con-structs.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out by regu-lar mail in the first half of 2019, using already existing and empirically validated measurement instruments for the constructs of strategic orientation and organizational struc-ture characteristics. Management board representatives or managing directors of the contacted enterprises were asked for their views on the situation in their enterprise in rela-tion to the researched constructs. Descriptive and bivariate statistical analyses were performed.Results: On the sample of 37 enterprises, the strategic orien-tation ‘analyzer enterprise’ was predominant. In addition, organic organizational structure characteristics slightly prevailed over mechanistic characteristics. A regression analysis was carried out, establishing a positive relation-ship between strategic orientation and organizational structure characteristics (R2=0.160; P=0.014), especially with communication as a characteristic of mentioned organiza-tional structure (R2=0.239; P=0.002). T-tests confirmed the significance of the role of enterprise size for organizational structure characteristics (P=0.067). In other words, larger enterprises tend to foster mechanistic organizational struc-ture characteristics. Variations in the types of strategic ori-entation of enterprises were not related to the size of those enterprises (P=0.296).Conclusion: The design and adaptation of organizational and structural arrangements of enterprises are related to their selected strategic orientation. An increase in enter-prise size inevitably leads to more rigid mechanistic struc-tural arrangements, while the status of a small enterprise does not automatically imply the ‘prospector’ strategic ori-entation or the successful development and implementa-tion of innovations.

Diffusion Tensor Imaging as a Tool to Evaluate the Cognitive Function of Patients With Vascular Dementia: A Meta-Analysis.

Vascular dementia (VaD) is the most common type of dementia secondary to Alzheimer's disease. The pathologic mechanism of VaD is complex, and VaD still lacks a more objective diagnosis and evaluation method. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) can better detect the organizational structure and functional characteristics compared with any other diagnosis methods. Therefore, DTI has broad application in evaluating the severity and prognosis of VaD. This study aimed to assess the value of DTI in evaluating the cognitive function of patients with VaD. Authors searched Pubmed, Embase, and Cochrane Library, using the search terms, such as "diffusion tensor imaging", "DTI", "Vascular Dementia", "Arteriosclerotic Dementia", "Cognition", and "Cognitive". A voxel-based meta-analysis combined with quality statistics was performed, using the anisotropic effect-size version of the signed differential mapping method. A total of 8 case-control studies were included in this meta-analysis. The sample size of patients ranged from 35 to 60, including 166 patients in the VaD group and 177 healthy individuals. The DTI imaging of the brain tissue of VaD patients was significantly different from that of healthy individuals. DTI imaging of the brain tissue of VaD patients was clearly different from that of healthy controls. Therefore it may be feasible to use DTI imaging as a diagnostic method for VaD.

ЗРЕЛОСТЬ КАДРОВОЙ СЛУЖБЫ КАК УСЛОВИЕ КЛИЕНТОЦЕНТРИЧНОСТИ ПРИ РАБОТЕ С ВНУТРЕННИМ КЛИЕНТОМ В ОРГАНАХ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЙ ВЛАСТИ

The article discusses the results of monitoring the maturity of the HR services of federal executive authorities in 2023 as part of the implementation of the federal project “State for the People.” The purpose of the paper is to assess the maturity and identify barriers of the HR services work of public authorities using comprehensive monitoring technologies to determine the priorities for the transformation of personnel services in the context of introducing the principles of client-centricity in the public administration system of the Russian Federation. The research methods are document analysis, automated surveys to collect monitoring data, semi-automated processing and analysis (including correlation), and the development of standard recommendations for authorities on the transformation of HR. As a result, a generalized characteristic of the level of maturity of the HR services of federal executive authorities was obtained, and the role of the HR services at various stages of the life cycle and their compliance with the goals and objectives of HR as a whole was determined. It is concluded that there are positive prerequisites for successful transformation and ensuring the implementation of the principles of client-centricity of the HR services, despite the difference in their level of maturity. Typical barriers of HR and ways to overcome them are given, and approaches to implementing a transformation project are considered. The research materials are addressed to representatives of state and municipal bodies, a wide range of specialists interested in tools and technologies for assessing personnel performance and, in particular, the maturity of the HR services, including their role, organizational and functional structure, competencies, resource provision, and other characteristics.

Urban Logistics Services Supply Chain Process Modelling Based on the Underground Logistics System via the Hierarchical Colored Petri Net

The implementation of the urban underground logistics system (ULS) can effectively mitigate the contradiction between the surging logistics demand and the increased negativity of urban logistics. The widespread implementation of ULS still suffers from a lack of research into its operation in the marketplace, although the research on ULS system technology and network design appears to be sufficient. A new supply chain for logistics service based on ULS (ULS-SSC) was proposed, as ULS embedded in the urban logistics system could lead to the evolution of the role of supply chain participants. This article analyzed the organizational structure and operation characteristics of ULS-SSC and designed a top-down ULS-SSC operation process model based on the designed functional structure and subsystems relationship using the hierarchical colored Petri net (HCPN). The simulation results show that the integrated information management platform based on ULS can integrate urban logistics service supply chain resources and operate effectively under the two main service modes designed. The high-time delay intermediate links can be upgraded by system optimization, and the links with initial pickup and terminal distribution can be improved through outsourcing and supply chain collaboration. The findings provide new insights into the feasibility of the operation of ULS in the market and help stimulate the implementation of ULS.

Strengthening Characteristics of Organizational Structures as An Effort To Improve Madrasah Employee Performance

This paper aims to analyze the characteristics of the organizational structure and the efforts of the head of the madrasa to improve employee performance at the Amanatul Ummah Pacet International Standard Madrasah. This type of research has used descriptive qualitative. For data collection techniques, researchers used observation, interviews, and documentation. The data analysis in this study begins before being in the field, analyzing data in the field, reducing data, presenting data, and drawing conclusions. The results showed that the characteristics of the organizational structure in the Amanatul Ummah Pacet International Standard Madrasah impacted employee performance. Characteristics of the organizational structure here using the line staff organizational structure are different from school institutions. The organizational structure at the Amanatul Ummah Pacet International Standard Madrasah impacts employee performance where the performance has a perfect communication pattern.

Infection prevention and control staffing and programs in Middle Eastern Countries.

Infection prevention and control (IPC) programs in the Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) countries are evolving. The objective was to characterize IPC personnel and programs in MENA countries, with special emphasis on the differences between Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) and non-GCC countries. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted in 2019 among IPC members of the Arab Countries Infection Control Network (AcicN). The survey focused on three domains; demographic and professional characteristics, organizational structure, and IPC program characteristics. A total of 269 participants aged 39.9 ± 8.4 years were included in the study. Majority of the participants were females (67.7%), nurses (63.7%), and of Middle-Eastern origin (57.3%). 32.2% of the participants were certified by the Certification Board of Infection Control (CBIC). Only 22.7% of participants were satisfied with their current compensation. Surveillance was the most time-consuming task (26.6%), followed by isolation (12.4%), and investigation of outbreaks (12.1%). Majority of the facilities had at least one IPC personnel per 100 beds (60.9%), supported IPC program (63.9%), a formal IPC committee (93.7%), and an IPC plan (91.4%). Compared with non-GCC countries, GCC countries had significantly more frequent CBIC certification (p = 0.003), training in cleaning/sterilization (p = 0.010), supported IPC program (p = 0.010), formal IPC committee (p = 0.001), IPC plan (p = 0.001), and higher number of IPC personnel per 100 beds (p = 0.047). MENA countries had generally satisfactory IPC programs and to a lesser extent staffing, with considerable variability between countries with different resources.

Benefits and Burdens of Subchapter S in a Check-the-Box World

The Treasury's issuance of the check-the-box regulations (CTB) in late 1996 has intensified debate about whether there should be a single federal income tax regime for all private business firms (PBFs), including passthrough entities, whose equity interests are not publicly traded. This revived concern for parity in tax treatment among the various forms of passthrough entities arose because the CTB regulations generally allow a business entity with two or more owners to be taxed as a partnership for federal income tax purposes, regardless of its organizational structure and corporate-like characteristics under state law. Before the CTB regulations, unincorporated entities were required to maintain at least two noncorporate characteristics in order to avoid the double tax regime of Subchapter C. Revenue Ruling 88-76, which permitted limited liability companies (LLCs) to achieve partnership tax status under the former regulations, inspired state legislatures to jump on the LLC bandwagon by adopting LLC statutes and amending existing LLC statutes to conform to liberalized federal income and transfer tax interpretations. All states now have limited liability company laws, and many have added the limited liability partnership (LLP), which is a hybrid form of organizational structure, between the LLC and the limited partnership (LP), intended primarily for professional service organizations. The primary benefit of the LLP is that it insulates partner-members in professional service organizations from vicarious liability for malpractice errors and omissions.

Monoketonic Curcuminoid-Lidocaine Co-Deliver Using Thermosensitive Organogels: From Drug Synthesis to Epidermis Structural Studies.

Organogels (ORGs) are remarkable matrices due to their versatile chemical composition and straightforward preparation. This study proposes the development of ORGs as dual drug-carrier systems, considering the application of synthetic monoketonic curcuminoid (m-CUR) and lidocaine (LDC) to treat topical inflammatory lesions. The monoketone curcuminoid (m-CUR) was synthesized by using an innovative method via a NbCl5–acid catalysis. ORGs were prepared by associating an aqueous phase composed of Pluronic F127 and LDC hydrochloride with an organic phase comprising isopropyl myristate (IPM), soy lecithin (LEC), and the synthesized m-CUR. Physicochemical characterization was performed to evaluate the influence of the organic phase on the ORGs supramolecular organization, permeation profiles, cytotoxicity, and epidermis structural characteristics. The physico-chemical properties of the ORGs were shown to be strongly dependent on the oil phase constitution. Results revealed that the incorporation of LEC and m-CUR shifted the sol-gel transition temperature, and that the addition of LDC enhanced the rheological G′/G″ ratio to higher values compared to original ORGs. Consequently, highly structured gels lead to gradual and controlled LDC permeation profiles from the ORG formulations. Porcine ear skin epidermis was treated with ORGs and evaluated by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), where the stratum corneum lipids were shown to transition from a hexagonal to a liquid crystal phase. Quantitative optical coherence tomography (OCT) analysis revealed that LEC and m-CUR additives modify skin structuring. Data from this study pointed ORGs as promising formulations for skin-delivery.

Sport federations' organizational innovativeness: an empirical comparison of characteristics and attitudes

PurposeBeing innovative is important for non-profit sport organizations in order to meet the ever-changing and increasing societal needs. Understanding why and to what extent organizational innovativeness differs between non-profit sport organizations is, therefore, important to assess and increase their chances of survival. The purpose of this study is to compare the structural characteristics and attitudes of innovation attributes between three groups of sport federations (SFs).Design/methodology/approachAn online self-assessment survey was sent to all recognized regional Belgian SFs (N = 156). Simultaneously, an observational desk research (i.e. media analysis) was carried out. Results from both data collection methods were combined to develop a composite organizational innovativeness-index, based on which the federations were then clustered in three distinct adopter groups.FindingsComparative statistics show that structural background characteristics generally are poor indicators for adopter categorization. In contrast, the attitudes about compatibility (i.e. the consistency of innovations with existing values) and complexity (i.e. the extent to which innovations are difficult to apprehend) seem the most important distinctive determinants for the different groups of SFs.Originality/valueThe study's contribution is twofold. First, it offers a methodological contribution with the development of an index, which enables the categorization of non-profit sport organizations according to their organizational innovativeness; thus, it provides a critical counter-argument to the importance of organizational structural background characteristics from previous studies. Second, the study's results may support non-profit sport organizations in improving their innovativeness, for instance by improving the perception of compatibility with innovation or by guiding policymakers in creating a more supportive environment for these organizations to do so.

An empirical study of the relationship between inclusive leadership and business model innovation

PurposeTo better understand factors that lead to business model innovation (BMI) in organizations, this study argues that inclusive leadership is the primary source that motivates employee engagement in boundary-spanning activities, which fosters BMI by generating and integrating employee knowledge through boundary-spanning exploration.Design/methodology/approachThis paper analyzes the relationships between inclusive leadership, boundary-spanning exploration and BMI to discover how they influence each other. This is achieved by a survey of more than 30 enterprises in Zhejiang Province, China. The survey data are analyzed using SPSS.FindingsInclusive leaders who display characteristics of openness, accessibility and availability have a positive effect on BMI and boundary-spanning exploration; openness and accessibility have more significant positive effect on BMI and boundary-spanning exploration.Research limitations/implicationsBecause this study covers only in Zhejiang Province, in China, the findings may not be easily generalizable to other contexts. Other factors, such as organizational structure and contextual characteristics, could also be added as antecedents in a future investigation. Moreover, the scales could be revised more suitable for China in the future.Practical implicationsThe empirical findings can be used as guidelines for firms seeking to take advantage of inclusive leadership and to help firms motivate their employees to engage in boundary-spanning exploration to acquire, generate and integrate knowledge from diverse sources to promote BMI.Originality/valueThis study provides insights that will be of value by adding to the theoretical foundation of our understanding of the antecedents to firms' BMI. This study argues that employees' boundary-spanning exploration is important to BMI as well. Inclusive leadership is crucial to stimulate boundary-spanning exploration by employees. Therefore, how to encourage inclusive leadership in firms is well worth examining.

Guangdong Tropical Agriculture Regional Distribution and Industrial Structure Situation: Perspective of Choice for Optimization and Adjustment

It is necessary to clarify the current regional layout and industrial structure of Guangdong tropical agriculture. Speed up the research on the selection of suitable industries for tropical agriculture, scientifically guide the concentration of various agricultural industries in the most suitable areas, help all kinds of social funds clarify the investment direction and key areas, promote the professional division of labor in agricultural regions, deepen the structural reform of agricultural supply side, and form a reasonable distribution of agricultural productivity, are of great importance. Focus on situation of agricultural regional distribution and industrial structure in tropical area of Guangdong, this research analyzes the characteristics, industrial development model and existing problems, and puts forward the optimization and adjustment path and policy suggestions of tropical agriculture in Guangdong. The characteristics include agricultural environment rich in resources, the industrial regional characteristics are distinct, advantageous industries gradually concentrated on advantageous regions, industrial structure become more and more reasonable, modern agricultural model has taken shape with good basic conditions, the "dumbbell" characteristics of agricultural industrial organization structure have gradually emerged, agricultural operation service organization led by supply and marketing cooperatives has been preliminarily established. The existing problems in developing tropical agriculture in sub-tropical areas of Guangdong include industrial structure and variety structure among counties need to be optimized, imperfect industrial chain, land fragmentation leads to the miniaturization of production and operation, the agricultural socialized service system needs to be further improved, imperfect agricultural technology extension system. The optimization and adjustment path of tropical agriculture in sub-tropical areas of Guangdong are making efficient tropical agricultural industrial structure and layout with appropriate scale regional agricultural products as the main body, selecting suitable industries and extend their industrial chain, constructing professional agricultural socialized service system, strengthening construction of grass-roots agricultural technology popularization system, enhancing agricultural cooperation between Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area and Hainan Free Trade Port.