Organizational Problems Research Articles

The Place of Topical Combined Multicomponent Drugs in the Therapy of Complicated Dermatoses (Resolution of the Expert Council)

On June 15, 2024, an expert council was held in Moscow on the topic: «The Place of Topical Combined Multicomponent Drugs in the Treatment of Complicated Dermatoses.» The council became the basis for discussing the accumulated clinical and organizational problems in the field of using multicomponent drugs in algorithms for managing patients with dermatoses of combined etiology, with concomitant visceral or cutaneous comorbidity, the influence of exposome factors on the course of steroid-sensitive, potentially complicated skin diseases. The council discussed the feasibility of prescribing multicomponent drugs in patients with altered skin microbiome against the background of dermatoses, taking into account the risk factors for the addition of a secondary infection. The prerequisites for creating a modern algorithm for the use and the place of a three-component drug produced using micronization technology, containing betamethasone, gentamicin and clotrimazole, as part of the complex therapy of chronic inflammatory itchy skin diseases were discussed.

Analyzing new teachers’ professional challenges in teacher training faculties in Iran

ABSTRACT Professional preparedness in teaching is vital for navigating today’s challenging environment. In Iran, teachers undergo four years of education at teacher training faculties. This study investigates the experiences of 22 recent graduates to identify their professional challenges. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed thematically. The findings reveal three main categories of challenges: infrastructural and planning issues, scientific and academic challenges, and organizational and human-related problems. Each category highlights obstacles that participants believe hinder their professional development. Graduates feel that attention from policymakers to these challenges within teacher training institutions could significantly enhance their growth and improve the overall quality of education in the country. Therefore, addressing these issues is essential for advancing educational standards and providing better professional development opportunities for graduates. The study underscores the importance of recognizing and resolving these challenges to foster a more effective educational environment in Iran’s teaching system.

Основные направления совершенствования диабетологической помощи в условиях поликлиники (по результатам социологического исследования).

A sociological assessment of satisfaction with outpatient care for patients with diabetes mellitus in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania was carried out. The results of the study make it possible to identify the main problems faced by patients at the primary health care level and identify possible ways to level them. The purpose of the study: to assess the satisfaction of patients with diabetes mellitus with the quality of medical care provided in outpatient settings. Materials and methods. The questionnaires of 450 patients with diabetes mellitus, urban (66%) and rural (34%) residents were analyzed. Of these, 45% are men and 55% are women aged 39–59 years (39.0%), 60–79 years (36.0%), over 80 years (6.0%). The questionnaire included 12 questions on various aspects of the clinic’s activities. Data processing and analysis were performed using the IBM SPSS Statistics 27.0.1 software and analytical complex. Results. A study of the satisfaction of patients with diabetes mellitus with outpatient medical care has revealed a number of organizational and medical problems. The regularity of visits to the endocrinologist by patients is one of their main conditions for the effectiveness of therapeutic and preventive measures and dispensary supervision. A fairly high percentage (72%) visit the clinic from 2 to 5 times a year. It is alarming that 28% of patients visit an endocrinologist only once a year, which is a sign of low adherence to treatment on the part of patients. Rural residents visit an endocrinologist less often than urban residents. Young people are more often dissatisfied with the time that the doctor spends at the reception and more often face rude treatment from the medical staff. The comorbidity of diabetes mellitus requires the provision of high-quality medical care in accordance with the expectations of patients, which is provided with logistical equipment and staffing Conclusion. The results obtained are an indicator of the quality of medical care and indicate the presence of problem areas in the activities of medical organizations providing outpatient care to patients with diabetes mellitus. Special attention should be paid to the organization of dispensary follow-up in order to reduce the risks of developing complications of the disease. It is necessary to increase the availability of primary health care by making appropriate management decisions at the level of regional health authorities.

Цифровое здравоохранение в медицинской реабилитации после инсульта: менеджмент телемедицинских технологий.

The development of digital technologies leads to a digital transformation of the healthcare system. Recently, digital healthcare has been developing dynamically, including its component part – telerehabilitation after a stroke. However, the novelty of technologies, their diversity, low awareness of doctors and healthcare organizers, and other reasons, do not allow healthcare organizations to use all their tools to manage organizational, managerial and medical problems of medical rehabilitation after a stroke. The aim of the study is to systematize information on telemedicine and cross-cutting digital technologies used in organizing medical rehabilitation of patients who have suffered a stroke, as well as the development of approaches to manage of these technologies to constantly improve the quality of healthcare and increase patient satisfaction. Materials and methods. The study used methods of information retrieval, analytical and synthetic research, etc. Results. The study showed that the development of technologies leads to an increase in the use of cross-cutting digital technologies in telemedicine rehabilitation of stroke patients. The results indicate the possibility of improving the quality and accessibility of medical care using telerehabilitation and cross-cutting technologies, expanding medical coverage, and improving therapeutic results in recovery of patients’ health. The PDCA cycle can be used to manage telerehabilitation and digital technologies. Findings. The introduction of digital technologies into telemedicine practice can reduce the workload of health workers and improve manageability with respect to a patient-centric approach. The use of quality management system principles and PDCA cycle can provide the standardization of telerehabilitation management, improve the quality of healthcare and patient satisfaction, contributing to the sustainable development of healthcare organizations.

Ethical and legal problems of organization of psychological help in Russia

The state of psychological health of the population requires immediate solution of ethical, legal and socio-medical problems in terms of organization of psychological assistance in Russia. Preservation and strengthening of psychological health of the population is a top-priority task of modern public policy, it is confirmed by governmental legislation containing such information. Population health in these socio-economic and political conditions is characterized by extreme instability, growth of psychopathies, suicidal and deviant behavior, especially among young people. Postcovid social space is characterized by an increase in depressive states, anxiety disorders associated with prolonged isolation of the population. This is aggravated by a number of social and military-political factors that cause constant stressing of the population up to outright panic and phobias, which pushed a significant part of the population to make rash decisions up to leaving the country and suicide attempts. However, with competently organized and qualitatively conducted psychological assistance it would be quite possible to stop the mass exodus of the population on the background of panic. In this regard, the problem of creating a single governmental law on the organization of psychological help in Russia is the most urgent. Such laws were adopted at the regional level only in Moscow and St. Petersburg, but they were characterized by fragmentation and deficiencies in terms of professional education and training of psychologists. The article considers ways of solving ethical and legal problems related to the creation of a unified federal law on psychological assistance to the population and the development of a professional standard for the training of psychologists, taking into account ethical, legal, educational and personal qualities, with a clear description of the rights and responsibilities of practicing psychologists. The author also considers the necessity and possibility of introducing the position of a staff psychologist in every educational, departmental institution, office, companies, medical and social institutions, including antenatal clinics and hospices. Special attention should be paid to improving the Criminal Code in terms of provisions regulating safe psychological assistance and providing for criminal punishment for damage to the psychological health of the patient when professional knowledge is used for selfish purposes, as well as when people in need of psychological help are attracted to sects under the guise of group psychotherapy. It is also supposed to mandatory certification and registration of practicing psychologists, introduction of certification licensing of psychologists.

The Impact of Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment on Employee Turnover Intentions in the Malaysian Manufacturing Industry

One of the primary resources of an organization that can provide a worthy contribution to the achievement of the organization’s strategies is human resources. A significant problem in most manufacturing organizations is the desire to leave. Given this, the objective of this study will be to assess and measure the impact of job satisfaction and organizational commitment on employee turnover intention in the manufacturing sector. Of 200 questionnaires, 179 were filled out by a manufacturing organization (response rate = 89.5%). Demographic profiles were described using frequency count and percentages of the respondents. Descriptive and inferential statistics were adopted for the analysis of specific data gathered. Regarding inferential statistics, the measure used in the study was the Pearson Correlation Coefficient, which was used to determine the strength of the relationship between dependent and independent variables. According to the results of the analysis, it can be concluded that the independent variable job satisfaction is related to the sub-variable satisfaction with compensation and satisfaction with career development opportunities, which has a low negative correlation with employees' turnover intention. However, no significant relation was found between organizational commitment and the turnover intention of employees within the organization. This research offers valuable information to organizations within the manufacturing industry regarding the factors influencing turnover intention, including job satisfaction and organizational commitment.

Participation of citizens in the court consideration of criminal cases against minors

Relevance. Citizen participation in the administration of justice increases the openness of legal proceedings and the level of citizen confidence in the judicial system. At the same time, the right of the accused to have their criminal case examined by a court with the participation of representatives of the people is ensured. However, the involvement of non-professional judges in considering criminal cases is always associated with several organizational and procedural problems. To prevent and solve such problems in the criminal process of individual states, restrictions may be introduced on the jurisdiction of criminal cases in courts with the participation of representatives of the people, and specific considerations of certain categories of cases may be provided for. Such specific criminal cases include criminal cases against minors. There is an ongoing debate among Russian scientists and practitioners regarding the possibility of a juvenile defendant exercising the right to have their criminal case heard by a court with the participation of a jury.Purpose: disclosure of historical and modern approaches to the participation of citizens as lay judges in criminal cases involving minors.Objective: to reveal historical and modern approaches to the participation of representatives of the people in the consideration of criminal cases; to identify the possibilities and features of consideration of criminal cases against minors by the court with the participation of citizens; justify the feasibility of forming in the Russian criminal process a special system for considering criminal cases with the participation of representatives of the people.Methodology. In the process of working on the study, comparative-legal, formal-legal methods, and general scientific methods of cognition (analysis, synthesis, analogy) were used.Results. There are proposals formulated to adjust doctrinal and normative approaches to the consideration of criminal cases against minors with the participation of lay judges.Conclusion. The existing model of criminal proceedings with the participation of a jury does not consider the specifics of criminal cases against minors. However, expanding opportunities for citizens to participate in the consideration of this particular category of criminal cases is socially significant. A constructive discussion is required regarding the development of a model for considering criminal cases against minors with the involvement of lay judges.

Problems of Arctic Hydrocarbon Development in The Context of Modern Global Challenges: Development Potential and Industry Strategies

Significant hydrocarbon raw material potential in the Arctic territories and complex technological solutions for its development dictate the need to solve extraordinary organizational, managerial and technical tasks of strategic nature. There are economic difficulties associated with oil and gas production in the Arctic fields and, in particular, in the development of offshore facilities. The article focuses on the sectoral strategies of oil and gas complex development, which should be balanced with regional and corporate strategies. Industry strategies for the development of the Arctic oil and gas complex detail a specific set of measures that fully reflect the technological and economic capabilities of domestic companies, it is especially important to assess the achievability of strategic goals in terms of the development of offshore resources. The purpose of this study is to summarize the strategic problems of the development of hydrocarbon resources in the Arctic with the identification of options for the development strategies of oil and gas industry complexes. The methodology of the research is based on the methods of strategic management. Within the framework of solving strategic problems and tasks, it is advisable to apply various scenarios using the methods of strategic alternatives, and, in particular, matrix methods. Matrix methods allow to use the results of the analysis and offer specific alternatives that can be used as a basis for strategic choice in the development of sectoral strategies of the oil and gas complex. The scientific results of the study are determined by the generalization of the problems of the Arctic hydrocarbon potential development and the development of alternative strategy options for solving technological and environmentally-oriented strategic problems. The article presents strategic problems of Arctic oil and gas fields development. The key economic, organizational, technological, social, environmental and geo-political problems are highlighted. Technological strategies largely depend on markets and the policy of technological sovereignty. Using domestic markets or turning to external markets seems to be an important strategic choice, as it determines the level of investment costs — in-house development or purchase of technologies on open markets. For the development of breakthrough technologies in offshore hydrocarbon production, it is possible to rely on the domestic technology market to develop new technical solutions and digital systems. Environmentally-oriented strategies are based on sustainability and efficiency criteria with economic or socio-environmental aspects being prioritized. It is revealed that “green” strategies can take place, but for the development of oil and gas industrial complexes it is important to maintain a balance between production development and environmental safety.

Spiritually empowered leadership and workplace spirituality at Akhuwat foundation: a qualitative case study

Purpose The purpose of this study endeavour is to delve into the perceptions and sense-making of both spiritually empowered leadership and workplace spirituality at the Akhuwat Foundation, a prominent social sector microfinance organization in the Muslim majority economy of Pakistan. Design/methodology/approach Using a qualitative research approach and an intrinsic instrumental case study research methodology, a series of 16 in-depth semi-structured interviews and three focus group discussions (each focus group contained five members) were conducted with employees and leaders at the Akhuwat Foundation of Pakistan from June 2020 to June 2021. Findings The findings from thematic data analysis show that the spiritual leadership at Akhuwat Foundation implemented workplace spirituality by creating a spiritual environment, such as brotherhood, at the workplace. Moreover, the employees exercise workplace spirituality by voluntarily performing their duties at lesser salaries. Alternatively, spiritual leaders care for employees by reducing organizational problems and improving their employees’ well-being. Research limitations/implications Although this research explores spiritual leadership and workplace spirituality in the national context of Pakistan, further investigation in other contexts is required to cross-check and validate the research findings. Practical implications Regulators and policymakers of organizations operating in Muslim-majority countries should focus on brotherhood, inspire employees through vision, resolve organizational challenges and create a spiritual environment for spiritual leadership and workplace spirituality to improve employee well-being, broader societal welfare and organization’s overall performance. Originality/value This study revealed new themes of workplace spirituality and spiritual leadership in the organizational context of a Muslim-majority country, Pakistan, identified context-specific themes and enhanced the theory of spiritual leadership and workplace spirituality.

Fostering positive instruction of software development cycle through a culturally responsive pedagogy

Application/Software development, a component of ICT is an important skill needed to help address sustainability given its high societal leverage. On recognizing the complexity of understanding software development cycle and putting into consideration the technicalities involved in developing software to solve organizational problems, there is a dire need to employ innovative pedagogy into classroom learning in more creative ways to. This study investigates the effectiveness of a culturally responsive pedagogy (Culturo‑Techno‑Contextual Approach) in improving students’ meaningful learning of software development cycle. The research design was a quasi‑experimental design, 127 senior secondary two ICT students were engaged from two schools in Lagos State, Nigeria. The ANCOVA output demonstrated a statistically significant difference in the achievement [F (1,136) = 172.13; p < .05]. However, no significant difference was found in the achievement between male and female students using CTCA. The findings contribute to ongoing discourse on innovative pedagogical approaches in ICT education.

International and national regulatory system of the intangible assets market

As part of the study, it was determined that increasing the competitiveness of business structures due to the intellectualization of their trade and economic activities led to a significant increase in the volume of the world market of intangible assets. The growth of the world market of intangible assets is accompanied by an increase in the vulnerability of its objects from the point of view of possible violations of their rights. We have identified the following reasons as the basis for violations regarding intangible assets: the legal field regulating trade relations in the field of transactions with intangible assets is created by the national legislation of different countries, which may differ significantly; growing trade in counterfeit goods and piracy. It is shown that the main purpose of creating the Agreement on Trade Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights within the framework of the World Trade Organization was the elimination of disagreements regarding the trade aspects of intellectual property rights in the legislative systems of individual countries; the importance of this Agreement in the context of the further development of the world market of intellectual property objects consists in the creation of principles and standards regarding the existence, scope and use of intellectual property rights, as well as in the development of effective means of compliance with these rights. It was found that the further development of the market of intellectual property objects requires an increase in the effectiveness of legal support and the need to create new approaches to solving, first of all, legal and organizational problems of the regulation of intellectual property rights at the regional and national levels in connection with the expansion of opportunities for the use of objects of intellectual property rights in new high-tech areas, including in the conditions of global networks, as well as in connection with the emergence of new objects of intellectual property. It was concluded that the effectiveness of the system of protection of intangible assets is directly related to the existing legal framework, and the directions for further improvement of the legislative support for the protection of intangible assets in the field of international business should be considered as follows: definition of mechanisms for the protection of intangible assets in the field of information technology, first of all, improvement of normative and legal framework in the field of protection of intellectual property rights on the Internet; development of provisions on the protection of commercial secret rights and sanctions for appropriating the authorship of someone else’s intellectual property; development of a more sophisticated counteraction to the movement through the customs territory of the country of goods that violate intellectual property rights; creation of normative and legal regulation of issues related to the need to carry out valuation of the value of intangible assets.

Evaluating the financial credibility of third-party logistic providers through a novel frank operators-driven group decision-making model with dual hesitant linguistic q-rung orthopair fuzzy information

In the relevant literature, there is no study dealing with the financial credibility of third-party logistic providers with the help of decision-making frames. Further, there are no criteria to evaluate the third-party logistics providers' creditworthiness in practice, and decision-makers in the banks consider their judgments and experiences to assess the demand of the logistics firms. This study proposes a multi-criteria group decision-making framework through a dual hesitant linguistic q-rung orthopair fuzzy (DHLq-ROF) set to manage uncertainties more effectively and make a theoretical contribution to the academic literature. For ranking, the score function and accuracy function are defined. Additionally, some novel operational laws based on Frank t-norms and t-conorms are defined for DHLq-ROF numbers. A wide range of generalized aggregation operators, such as DHLq-ROF Frank weighted averaging, DHLq-ROF Frank weighted geometric, DHLq-ROF Frank generalized weighted averaging, and DHLq-ROF Frank generalized weighted geometric operators, are also investigated. Beyond that, several prominent characteristics of the proposed operators are studied. It is applied to a financial credibility problem for a multinational organization to demonstrate the introduced model's applicability. Considering the results obtained regarding the importance of the criteria, the most crucial criterion is market indebtedness, followed by fleet vehicle structure and current rate criteria, respectively. The results indicate that UPS, Kuhne & Nagel and DHL Deutsche Post are the best third-party logistic providers. The sensitivity analysis shows that the framework possesses favourable flexibility and effectiveness. Thanks to the framework's ability to produce practical solutions to challenging decision-making problems, it can be reliably preferred in engineering and other fields.

Обеспечение безопасности пенитенциарной системы в условиях режима военного положения (организационно-правовой аспект)

The article is devoted to the legal and organizational problems of the functioning of the penitentiary system under martial law. The author notes that the complexity of the organization of activities under this legal regime is associated with insufficient legal regulation, which leads to a decrease in the quality of ensuring their safety. Hence, the author suggests measures to improve legislative regulation by making amendments to federal laws, as well as the creation of a special regulatory legal act that regulates the procedure for the actions of employees of penitentiary institutions.

Information Hiding and Digital Transformation: Strategies for First Information Reports (FIR) and Police Records

Throughout the last few years, it has become increasingly obvious that everything is moving from a traditional world to a digital one. In order for police organizations to remain competitive, they need to keep up with the rapid technological advancements that are taking place in order to stay ahead of the competition. The First Information Report (FIR) in South Asian and Southeast Asian countries is a legal document which provides police with information about an apparent crime which has been reported to them by the victims of crimes. It is part of the police's investigation process. The police still have a difficult time getting accurate information from victims in terms of what exactly occurred during the incident, which makes getting accurate information from them very difficult. The filing of a police report presents a wide range of challenges as far as police organizations are concerned. There is a major challenge in the investigation of crimes involving victims concealing information about critical knowledge subsets and the complexity of these sets from the police authorities. For police records to be managed effectively it requires an organisational transformation that is driven by well-established digital strategies that offer an overall view and full transparency of both the knowledge about FIRs as well as the access to them. There is no doubt that an organization such as a police force cannot underestimate the importance of adopting the right technologies and frameworks as part of its digital transformation strategy in order to be able to meet the needs of its customers. The challenge of solving the long-standing problem of police organizations with limited resources concealing knowledge is going to be a long-term task that can be quite challenging. This paper presents several strategies and best practices which can be adopted by law enforcement organizations so that they can successfully transform digitally and achieve their goals through the implementation of these strategies and best practices.

Provision and utilization of basic maternal healthcare during the pandemic in Ecuador: The health workers’ perspective

ABSTRACT Context: Ecuador was one of the most affected counties in Latin America during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Its health system already faced financing and organizational problems before the pandemic. Aims: To analyze the effects of the pandemic on the provision and utilization of maternal health services in units of the Public Health of Ecuador as perceived by the health personnel. Material and Methods: This is a mixed methods study with two rapid evaluation cycles. The first cycle collected information during January–March and the second one during April–June, 2021. An online questionnaire and semistructured interviews were applied to professionals involved in the management and provision of maternal health programs. Both instruments explored provision and utilization of maternal health services. Questionnaires were processed using SPSS and descriptive statistics. Interviews were exported to Atlas-Ti and were codified using the explored categories. Results: A total of 207 health workers participated in the first cycle, and 200 in the second one. They recognized that during the pandemic, healthcare personnel were reduced by more than 30% due to the presence of risk factors among them as well as the lack of budget for new contracts. The availability of materials and supplies was also reduced by nearly 50%, mainly due to the lack of budget. The demand for maternal healthcare in public health units was reduced because people feared being infected by COVID-19 and nearly 25% goes to the private sector. Conclusions: The pandemic has had a negative effect on the provision as well as utilization of maternal healthcare services. Nevertheless, health professionals implemented diverse strategies to reduce this negative effect on maternal care.

Проблемы применения налоговых льгот при продаже акций (долей)

The article is devoted to practical problems of individuals and organisations applying tax benefits to income from the sale of shares (or participatory interests in LLC), which they have owned for more than 5 years. The author identifies two pressing problems: (1) the impact of reorganisation of a legal entity on the calculation of the period of ownership (2) limitations of benefits that apply to personal income tax, but do not apply to corporate income tax. The author considers the reasons for practical problems and proposes solutions based both on the purposes of benefits and on the economic and legal nature of investments in the authorised capital of legal entities. The author concludes that reorganisation of a legal entity should not interrupt the calculation of the period of ownership of shares. However, in the author’s opinion, the shortcomings in the law text will entail practical problems until the law is amended. The author also comes to the conclusion that limitations on personal income tax benefits will inevitably entail audits by Russian tax authorities when applying corporate income tax benefits.

The Role of Public Relations at SMKN 3 Depok in Preparing Graduates Ready to Work in the World of Industry

This research aims to find out about the role of school public relations in preparing students to enter the industrial world. Of course, the role of Vocational High Schools cannot be underestimated, there is no longer the position of Vocational Schools as reserve schools which are the second choice, if you cannot enter the desired high school. This research uses descriptive qualitative methods with a constructivism paradigm. This research collects data through interviews, observation and documentation and data analysis by reducing data, presenting data and drawing conclusions. Talking about the role of public relations means discussing an industry or institution that communicates with the public or society. Two-way communication is established with the public to provide support for management functions and objectives by increasing the development of cooperation and fulfilling common interests. So the role of public relations will be seen as an Expert Preciber (management expert or advisor). Public relations practitioners are considered as experts who can provide solutions to the public relations problems of an organization and management. Communication Facilitator means that public relations practitioners act as intermediaries, liaisons, translators and mediators, and ensure the realization of two-way communication between the organization and its public, Problem Solving Process Facilitator means that public relations is involved in solving organizational problems even though its role is still in the communication corridor.

Legal regulation of operational-search activities: comparative analysis

The purpose of the article is to study the legal regulation of detective and investigative activities through the prism of the comparative aspect. To achieve this goal, the author used a number of scientific methods, in particular, the content analysis of professional literature made it possible to determine the positions of scholars on the problems existing in the legal regulation of operational and investigative activities. The results of the study show that in the former Soviet countries, until 1991, the problems of organisation of operational and investigative activities were not demonstrated to the public. Only with the beginning of democratisation of society did the regulation of detective and investigative activities become more public, and the relevant clearer legislative norms were established. It is important that the legal acts regulated the process of operational and investigative activities in accordance with the observance of citizens' rights. It is established that in world practice, the results of operational and investigative activities are introduced in accordance with a court decision. The author concludes that similar systems of interaction are used in many European countries which pay great attention to establishing cooperation between law enforcement agencies.

“The stay here is, of course, not appropriate for an old person”: the perspective of healthcare providers on older patients in the emergency department

BackgroundIn aging societies, emergency departments (ED) face an increasing number of older, geriatric patients. Research shows that older emergency patients have a greater burden of comorbidities and a higher risk of adverse events. It has been questioned whether contemporary ED structures can meet the specific needs and characteristics of older patients. Little is known about how professional health care providers perceive and experience ED care for older patients. This study aimed to get insight into the perspective of healthcare providers working with older ED patients and to explore the challenges they experience in their daily work.MethodsThe study used a qualitative research design with a social-constructivist perspective and a Grounded Theory based methodology. Data were collected through qualitative interviews with N = 25 healthcare providers from different urban EDs in Berlin, Germany, and adjacent healthcare institutions. Following the Ground Theory approach, categories and central themes were identified, analyzed, and interpreted to gain a comprehensive understanding of the healthcare provider perspective.ResultsThe interviews revealed a significant and increasing relevance of geriatric ED patients for healthcare providers. However, there was no shared definition of ‘the geriatric patient’. Most interviewees found ED structures to be inadequate for older patients. They described specific challenges, such as information gathering and safety risks in the ED, as well as an increased use of resources (both time and personnel) when caring for older patients. In addition, specific problems in the collaboration with other professions and institutions were addressed, namely nursing homes, hospital wards, consultations, and the hospital social service.ConclusionHealthcare providers experience a structural mismatch between contemporary EDs and the specific needs of geriatric patients. They are aware of the vulnerabilities of geriatric patients and try to compensate for inherent structural shortcomings. Such structures and limited resources often cause practical, organizational, and ethical problems. There is a great need to develop, implement, and evaluate systematic approaches and care concepts that address the specifics of ED care for geriatric patients.

Peran Humas dalam Organisasi Sosial

Public relations plays an important role in an organization. The engineering and management roles are the two primary responsibilities frequently identified in studies of public relations operations. Technician work covers all aspects of the art of public relations, including writing, editing, photographing, producing communications, organizing events, and corresponding by telephone with the media. media The methodology of this research is a type of literature study or literature review research. One way to conduct literature research is to collect references from several previous studies, which are then combined to produce findings. In modern practice, public relations cannot only be viewed as an institutional effort. It is everyone's responsibility to use public relations or public relations strategies to build effective interpersonal communication. different. This understanding of organizational management needs to be supported by advocacy for the establishment of a public relations division that can be relied on to manage organizational communication problems. Public relations plays an important role in an organization. The function of public relations is management in creating, maintaining and improving positive, harmonious and beneficial relationships between organizations and the general public. These relationships have the power to determine the success or failure of an organization. This is in line with the positive role played by public relations. As a result, the existence of public relations can influence the success or failure of an organization.