Organizational Networks Research Articles

МЕТОДИКА ОЦЕНКИ И УПРАВЛЕНИЕ РАЗВИТИЕМ СОЦИАЛЬНО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИХ МЕЗОСИСТЕМ

The article is focused on the consideration of the concept of mesosism in the context of management by socio-economic development. It also provides a methodology for assessing and managing the development of socioeconomic mesosystems. The article proposes a number of methods that will allow assessing the level of development of socio-economic systems for further development of measures to improve their management efficiency. Systemic economics considers the concept of “mesoeconomics” mainly in the context of the economic sphere, focusing on the regional dimension [Kleiner 2006]. At the same time, it is advisable to expand the conceptual framework to include the following aspects in the field of mesoeconomics research: – Industry clusters and ecosystems – groups of interconnected enterprises and organizations united by a single industry specialization, common technologies and markets; – Local economic systems – autonomous territorial entities with their own resources, production base and infrastructure, but interacting with the external environment; – Global value chains – networks of interconnected enterprises and organizations engaged in joint activities for the production and distribution of goods and services on a global scale. The development of the theoretical foundations of mesoeconomics will allow not only to study, but also to manage those objects, contributing to an increase in the efficiency of the economic system as a whole. It will require the involvement of an interdisciplinary approach combining methods of systems analysis, economics, sociology and other sciences. Thus, mesoobjects take the modern economy beyond the neoclassical paradigm, opening up new horizons for research and practical application. The system economy, expanded on the basis of the proposed concepts, serves as a promising theoretical basis for building mesoeconomical models and developing effective management mechanisms.

Facilitators and barriers to community-led monitoring of health programs: Qualitative evidence from the global implementation landscape.

Achieving the global HIV, tuberculosis, and malaria targets will require innovative strategies to deliver high quality and person-centered health services. Community-led monitoring (CLM) is a rapidly proliferating health systems strengthening intervention for improving healthcare services and documenting human rights violations, through social empowerment and political accountability. Driven in part by increasing financial support from donors, a growing number of countries are implementing CLM programs. This study aimed to identify early challenges and lessons learned from CLM implementation, with the aim of informing and improving the implementation of CLM programs and ultimately achieving greater impact on the delivery of services. Twenty-five CLM implementors representing 21 countries participated in an interview. Early generation of buy-in from diverse stakeholders was noted as critical for CLM success. Leveraging existing networks of service users and community organizations to implement CLM also helped to maximize program reach and resources. Uncertainty around CLM's purpose and roles among CLM stakeholders resulted in challenges to community leadership and ownership of programs. Respondents also described challenges with underfunded programs, especially advocacy components, and inflexible donor funding mechanisms. Critical capacity gaps remain around advocacy and electronic data collection and use. With the rapid expansion of CLM, this study serves as an important first step in characterizing challenges and successes in the CLM landscape. Successful implementation of CLM requires prioritizing community ownership and leadership, donor commitment to sustainable and reliable funding, and strengthened support of programs across the data collection and advocacy lifecycle.

ГРАНТИ ПРОГРАМИ ЄВРОПЕЙСЬКОЇ КОМІСІЇ «ЕРАЗМУС ДЛЯ МОЛОДИХ ПІДПРИЄМЦІВ»

The article discusses the main grant opportunities of the European Commission’s Erasmus for Young Entrepreneurs Program. It has been demonstrated that its support tools are unique for young entrepreneurs who have a desire to develop their own business. Emphasized: as of April 2024, entrepreneurs from 39 countries, including Ukraine, can participate in the program. Emphasis is placed on the fact that the Program helps budding entrepreneurs acquire the necessary skills to launch and successfully develop their business: representatives of SMEs exchange experience and business ideas with experienced entrepreneurs for 1-6 months, for which the Program allocates funding. It is noted that the European Commission partially finances the stay of entrepreneurs in another country. A distinctive feature of the Program has been demonstrated, namely that it is implemented through a network of intermediary organizations in each country, whose task is to implement the Program at the local level, attracting entrepreneurs and helping them to benefit from international exchanges. The advantage of the Program is outlined: a new entrepreneur gets the opportunity to study without breaking away from work in small or medium-sized enterprises of other countries, which will contribute to the effective start of a business or strengthen an existing business; the entrepreneur can also enter new markets, expand international cooperation and find potential partners abroad; the host entrepreneur has the opportunity to get fresh ideas from a motivated newcomer, which can be a beneficial addition to his own competencies. The article states that despite significant prospects for learning from the experience of fellow entrepreneurs, representatives of Ukrainian SMEs do not actively use the opportunities of the Exchange Program. The study demonstrates the performance indicators of Ukrainian entrepreneurs in the Exchange Program since 2020, and demonstrates the main reason why domestic business does not actively use the opportunities of the Erasmus for Young Entrepreneurs Program. Summarized: provided Ukrainian entrepreneurs are more aware of the benefits of the Program, Ukrainian business can feel its significant impact.

АЛГОРИТМ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ ДВУХ ТРАНСФОРМАТОРОВ ВЗАМЕН ОДНОГО НА ТРАНСФОРМАТОРНЫХ ПОДСТАНЦИЯХ 10/0,4 КВ

According to statistics, losses in electrical networks of power supply organizations in the Russian Federation amount to 10 percent, while the world average is 8 percent. The Energy Strategy for the period until 2035, approved by the Government of the Russian Federation in 2020, sets the goal of achieving a reduction in electrical energy losses to 7.3 percent by 2035. One of the effective ways to reduce electricity losses is to replace underloaded transformers at substations in order to increase the transformer load factor. For this purpose, a method was developed for using two transformers instead of one at 10/0.4 kilovolt transformer substations. (Research purpose) is to develop an algorithm for implementing a method of using two transformers instead of one at 10/0.4 kilovolt transformer substations in order to reduce electricity losses. (Materials and methods) General scientific research methods, methods for constructing algorithms, control and data transmission systems, and analysis of scientific and technical information were used as the methodological basis for the research. (Results and discussion) This paper presents an algorithm for implementing the method of using two transformers instead of one at 10/0.4 kilovolt transformer substations. The algorithm allows automatically controlling the connection and disconnection of power transformers at a transformer substation depending on their load and season, while recording these actions and sending the corresponding signals to the dispatcher of the power supply organization. (Conclusions) Based on the results of the study, it was found that the developed algorithm for implementing the method of using two transformers instead of one at 10/0.4 kilovolt transformer substations makes it possible to achieve a reduction in electricity losses by increasing the load factor of transformers.

Impact of Healthcare Location Concordance on Receipt of Preventive Care Among Children Whose Parents have a Substance Use and/or Mental Health Diagnosis.

Children of parents with substance use and/or other mental health (SU/MH) diagnoses are at increased risk for health problems. It is unknown whether these children benefit from receiving primary care at the same clinic as their parents. Thus, among children of parents with >1 SU/MH diagnosis, we examined the association of parent-child clinic concordance with rates of well-child checks (WCCs) and childhood vaccinations. Retrospective cohort study using electronic health record (EHR) data from the OCHIN network of community health organizations (CHOs), 2010-2018. Setting: 280 CHOs across 17 states. 41,413 parents with >1 SU/MH diagnosis, linked to 65,417 children aged 0 to 17 years, each with >1 visit to an OCHIN clinic during the study period. Dependent variables: rates of WCCs during (1) the first 15 months of life, and (2) ages 3 to 17 years; vaccine completeness (3) by the age of 2, and (4) before the age of 18. Estimates were attained using generalized estimating equations Poisson or logistic regression. Among children utilizing the same clinic as their parent versus children using a different clinic (reference group), we observed greater WCC rates in the first 15 months of life [adjusted rate ratio (aRR) = 1.06; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.02-1.10]; no difference in WCC rates in ages 3 to 17; higher odds for vaccine completion before age 2 [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.12; 95% CI = 1.03-1.21]; and lower odds for vaccine completion before age 18 (aOR = 0.88; 95% CI = 0.81-0.95). Among children whose parents have at least one SU/MH diagnosis, parent-child clinic concordance was associated with greater rates of WCCs and higher odds of completed vaccinations for children in the youngest age groups, but not the older children. This suggests the need for greater emphasis on family-oriented healthcare for young children of parents with SU/MH diagnoses; this may be less important for older children.

The Principles of Classical Education

The contemporary classical education movement has grown rapidly and is comprised of a wide variety of private schools, homeschoolers, public charter schools, policy makers, higher education programs, professional associations, journals, trade publications, and think tanks. What is it that unites this thick network of disparate individuals and organizations into a cohesive movement? This article attempts to answer that question by explaining ten principles that have characterized the tradition of classical education throughout history across millennia, continents, languages, and cultures. While not exhaustive, these ten principles represent central tenants of the long tradition of classical education and the contemporary classical education movement. The principles are thus a philosophically and historically grounded means by which to differentiate classical education from other educational paradigms and also provide a common understanding of classical education around which various constituencies within the contemporary movement can coalesce.

One response: Global Outbreak Alert and Response Network supporting the COVID-19 response, Kiribati.

In January 2022, Kiribati experienced widespread community transmission of COVID-19, leading to high rates of infection among health-care workers (HCWs), which reduced essential HCWs during a period of increased hospital admissions. Kiribati, a Pacific island country made up of a remote group of 33 low-lying atolls in the Pacific Ocean, experienced its first surge of COVID-19 cases beginning on 24 January 2022. Reports of increasing numbers of COVID-19 cases in South Tarawa prompted the Kiribati Ministry of Health and Medical Services to request assistance from the international community, including the World Health Organization's Global Outbreak Alert and Response Network (GOARN), to support national COVID-19 response operations. Specialists in infection prevention and control (IPC) were deployed to Kiribati in February 2022 to assist the Ministry's National COVID-19 Taskforce in collaboration with national partners. These specialists helped review and strengthen IPC capacities to accommodate a potential patient surge and consequent demands for medical consumables in health-care facilities in South Tarawa. Strengthened knowledge about and processes for IPC among HCWs prevented health care-associated infections and reduced community disease transmission during the first surge of COVID-19 cases in Kiribati. GOARN has the capacity and ability to rapidly deploy experts to support requests for assistance. Outbreak response activities can be enhanced and sustained by using GOARN's resources and collaborating with all partners, as necessary.

Focusing on experts: Expectations of healthcare professionals regarding the use of telemedicine in intensive care units.

Telemedical applications are solutions to challenges in the healthcare system. However, it is unclear what intensive care unit healthcare professionals expect from such solutions. This study investigated the expectations and concerns of nurses and physicians when implementing telemedicine tools in intensive care units (tele-ICU). The study was conducted in intensive care units in 2020 during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. It used a mixed-methods approach targeted at physicians and nurses and involved 14 qualitative interviews and 63 quantitative questionnaires. The qualitative and quantitative data showed that both nurses and physicians were willing to use tele-ICU. Nurses recognised the advantages of real-time access to expertise offered by tele-ICU, but feared this would reduce physicians' on-site patient time. Physicians, in turn, were concerned that they would be expected to be continuously on call. The majority in both groups agreed that any tele-ICU solution must be simple to use and integrate easily into existing organisational structures, networks, and work routines. Additionally, COVID-19 significantly influenced expectations: those who reported having more personal health concerns during the pandemic were more predisposed to favour the use of tele-ICU. Overall, tele-ICU supports better care, but a successful implementation depends on its ease of use and context-sensitive approaches. Effectively integrating tele-ICU solutions into daily clinical routines requires input from nurses and physicians and their involvement in the implementation process from the outset, as well as consideration of existing organisational structures. Such measures will vastly increase the chance of acceptance and successful adoption of telemedical solutions in clinical practice.

The Role of Justice Collaborators in Narcotics Crime Prosecution

This article examines the significance of Justice Collaborators in the legal process, particularly in narcotics cases. With the evolution of crime, especially organized narcotics crime, the introduction of Justice Collaborators has become a pivotal component in the criminal justice system. This study explores the concept of Justice Collaborators, their roles, legal protections, and the impact of their participation in legal proceedings. Utilizing a qualitative approach, the research analyzes various legal documents, court decisions, and statutory provisions related to Justice Collaborators in Indonesia. The findings indicate that Justice Collaborators play a crucial role in unveiling complex criminal activities and assisting law enforcement in investigation and prosecution. The study also highlights the legal and physical protections offered to these individuals, emphasizing their importance in dismantling organized crime networks. The implications of these findings suggest a need for further refinement in legal provisions concerning the selection and protection of Justice Collaborators, ensuring their effective utilization in the judicial process.Highlights: Justice Collaborators are instrumental in uncovering complex criminal activities, particularly in organized narcotics crime. The legal system provides both physical and legal protections to Justice Collaborators, ensuring their safety and cooperation. The involvement of Justice Collaborators necessitates ongoing refinement in legal provisions for their selection, protection, and use in legal processes. Keywords: Justice Collaborators, Narcotics Crimes, Legal System, Organized Crime, Law Enforcement

A social network analysis of cross-organizational engagement for urban heat resilience in Los Angeles County, California

Extreme heat is a critical global concern impacting human health, environmental sustainability, and equity in cities. Understanding which organizations are working on this issue and how they interact is fundamental to building urban heat resilience. To understand the flow of information among organizations working on extreme heat and the nature and strength of partnerships between organizations, we performed a social network analysis of organizations focused on heat in Los Angeles County. A total of 49 organizations were included in the study, representing non-profit organizations, governmental organizations, and educational institutions. We found that, topically, organizations in the region are involved in outdoor infrastructure through investing in urban greening initiatives, cool streets, and shade interventions. The network of organizations engaged in heat resilience activities is highly centralized – a handful of organizations hold the majority of influence regarding extreme heat. A large number of organizations are only weakly connected to the network. In addition to revealing influential organizations engaged in heat resilience activities in Los Angeles County, our analysis provides insights into how organizations relate to one another. While centralized networks hold some advantages such as quick dissemination of information, these networks can impede collaboration and limit overall progress in urban resilience.

Bounding systems: A qualitative study exploring healthcare coordination between the emergency youth shelter system and health system in Toronto, Canada.

Several youth staying at emergency youth shelters (EYSs) in Toronto experience poorly coordinated care for their health needs, as both the EYS and health systems operate largely in silos when coordinating care for this population. Understanding how each system is structurally and functionally bound in their healthcare coordination roles for youth experiencing homelessness (YEH) is a preliminary step to identify how healthcare coordination can be strengthened using a system thinking lens, particularly through the framework for transformative system change. Forty-six documents, and twenty-four semi-structured interviews were analyzed to explore how the EYS and health systems are bound in their healthcare coordination roles. We continuously compared data collected from documents and interviews using constant comparative analysis to build a comprehensive understanding of each system's layers, and the niches (i.e., programs and activities), organizations and actors within these layers that contribute to the provision and coordination of healthcare for YEH, within and between these two systems. The EYS and health systems are governed by different ministries, have separate mandates, and therefore have distinct layers, niches, and organizations respective to coordinating healthcare for YEH. While neither system takes sole responsibility for this task, several government, research, and community-based efforts exist to strengthen healthcare coordination for this population, with some overlap between systems. Several organizations and actors within each system are collaborating to develop relevant frameworks, policies, and programs to strengthen healthcare coordination for YEH. Findings indicate that EYS staff play a more active role in coordinating care for YEH than health system staff. A vast network of organizations and actors within each system layer, work both in silos and collaboratively to coordinate health services for YEH. Efforts are being made to bridge the gap between systems to improve healthcare coordination, and thereby youths' health outcomes.

"Exploring the Use of Actor-Network-Theory as a Means of Analysing Complex Organisational Networks: An Irish Case Study"

"Exploring the Use of Actor-Network-Theory as a Means of Analysing Complex Organisational Networks: An Irish Case Study"

Policy Networks and Relationship between Multiple Streams Approach and Implementation of Road Safety Policy Measures in Kenyan Counties

Policymakers and policy practitioners have pointed out the use of policy networks in the development and execution of road safety policy measures as a suitable strategy for addressing road safety. Governments at all levels—national, state, and local—have moved from single- to multi-agency approaches to handle the execution of road safety policy measures. Previous research on policy networks in road safety has concentrated on the role that organizational networks play in this policy domain. This study aimed to investigate the moderating influence on the relationship between the multiple streams approach and the implementation of key road safety policy initiatives in Kisii and Kisumu counties. The study adopted descriptive survey and explanatory designs. The study adopted pragmatism and phenomenology research philosophies. The Multiple Streams Framework and Punctuated Equilibrium Model served as the study’s foundation. The sample size of the study was 347 of the target population. Quantitative data was examined using multi-linear regression approaches and Pearson correlation analysis. Stepwise regression was used to analyze the moderating variable. Thematic analysis was used to assess qualitative data. The results of the study demonstrated that policy networks influenced the relationship between the MSF and the enforcement of road safety policy measures, which explains 6.5% of the variances in implementation. The study concludes that the execution of road safety rules is a collaborative effort that ought to include policy networks and other pertinent players in the transport industry.

A global scoping review of adaptations in nurturing care interventions during the COVID-19 pandemic.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, children faced a disproportionate burden of malnutrition and poor health outcomes. Nurturing care interventions (NCIs) including actions toward good health, adequate nutrition, responsive care, opportunities for early learning, and security and safety are critical for promoting equity. Due to the need for evidence-based responses and preparedness, we analyzed adaptations in NCIs' implementation strategies during COVID-19 according to the Framework for Reporting Adaptations and Modifications to Evidence-based Implementation Strategies (FRAME-IS). We conducted a global scoping review including peer-reviewed and non-peer-reviewed literature. The databases searched were PubMed, Embase, Scopus, BVS, Scielo, and Web of Science. This search was complemented by an extensive examination of relevant websites and an additional internet search via Google Scholar. We extracted and analyzed the data following the seven modules of the FRAME-IS. Out of 20 records, 27 NCI were identified across Africa (n = 3), Asia (n = 7), Europe (n = 3), North America (n = 11), Oceania (n = 1), and South America (n = 2). NCIs adapted their content (e.g., adding elements), evaluation (e.g., conducting needs assessment), training (e.g., using experts), and context (e.g., setting-shifting from in-person to remote, and population-expanding interventions' reach). Adaptation goals were to increase acceptability (n = 9, 32.1%), adoption (n = 5, 17.8%), appropriateness (n = 10, 35.7%), feasibility (n = 25, 89.3%), penetration (n = 15, 53.6%), sustainability (n = 23, 82.1%), and fidelity (n = 1, 3.7%). The rationale to adapt varied from sociopolitical (n = 6, 21.4%), organizational (n = 13, 46.4%), implementer (n = 11, 39.3%), practitioner (n = 15, 53.6%), and recipient (n = 11, 39.3%). A quarter were reactive planned adaptations and 75.0% were unplanned modifications. Decisions were led by program leaders (n = 21, 75.0%), funders (n = 9, 32.1%), partners (n = 3, 10.7%), researchers (n = 1, 3.6%), and practitioners (n = 3, 10.7%). Adaptations were widespread from unit (e.g., hospital) (n = 1, 3.6%), organization (n = 4, 14.3%), and community system (e.g., countrywide) (n = 14, 50.0%). The results from our global scoping review show that it is possible for NCIs to continue and even improve their delivery despite the global crisis, suggesting that remote delivery is feasible and can work as an alternative when in lockdown. Strategic planning taking advantage of existing structures and partnerships may have allowed NCI adaptations to be sustainable as well as facilitated replication within the organization network system.

РОЛЬ АМБИДЕКСТРАЛЬНОГО ЛИДЕРСТВА В ИННОВАЦИОННОЙ ЭКОСИСТЕМЕ

The purpose of this article is to demonstrate the importance of dual leadership roles in the innovation ecosystem to create organizational innovation. A highly capable leader directs a team to create a new product or service, creating internal and external organizational networks and co mmunications between different ecosystem participants, including experts, researchers, inventors, government and aca- demia. The methodological approach is based on a systematic literature review to develop proposals de- scribing the role of ambidextral leader ship in the innovation ecosystem. The concepts of «ambidextral lead- ership», «innovation», «ecosystem», «innovative ecosystem», as well as the process of organizing the network are analyzed. It is concluded that leadership styles play a key role in an organ ization's business success, with ambidextral leadership having a direct and meaningful impact on the building and success of an inno- vation ecosystem.

Isolation and Characterization of Submitochondrial Reticulum Complex Associated with Midpiece of Bovine Cauda Epididymal Sperm

The mitochondrial sheath of mammalian spermatozoa adheres to an underlying organized network of electron-dense material termed the submitochondrial reticulum (SMR). The objective of the present study is to characterize the structural components of the SMR. We have isolated SMR fractions from midpieces of bovine cauda sperm. SDS-PAGE of SMR fractions revealed four major polypeptides of 56kDa, 54kDa, 34kDa, and 31kDa. Proteomic analyses of the four polypeptides revealed that 56kDa and 54kDa polypeptides identified as glycerol kinase and 34kDa and 31kDa polypeptide identified as VDAC2 and VDAC3, respectively (Voltage-Dependent Anion-Selective Channel Protein 2/3). Western blots of midpiece stained with anti-56kDa, anti-54KDa, anti-34kDaVDAC2, and anti-31kDaVDAC3 antibodies demonstrated the presence of 56kDa, 54kDa, 34kDa, and 31kDa immunoreactive bands, respectively. Four polypeptides are localized to midpiece. Glycerol kinase activity was quantitively assayed in tails. We proposed that glycerol kinase and VDAC2/VDAC 3 polypeptides play an important role in sperm motility and in midpiece function.

Organizational Formation for Priority Setting: Historical Perspectives and Thematic Analysis of India’s Health Technology Assessment Agency

ABSTRACT Countries pursuing universal health coverage must set priorities to determine which benefits to add to a national health program, but the roles that organizations play are less understood. This article investigates the case of the formation of an organization with a mandate for choice of technology for public health interventions and priorities, the Health Technology Assessment India. First, we narrate a chronology of agenda setting and adoption of national policy for organizational formation drawing on historical documentation, publicly available literature, and lived experiences from coauthors. Next, we conduct a thematic analysis that examines windows of opportunity, enabling factors, barriers and conditions, roles of stakeholders, messaging and framing, and specific administrative and bureaucratic tools that facilitated organization formation. This case study shows that organizational formation relied on the identification of multiple champions with sufficient seniority and political authority across a wide group of organizations, forming a coalition of broad base support, who were keen to advance health technology assessment policy development and organizational placement or formation. The champions in turn could use their roles for policy decisions that used private and public events to raise priority and commitment to the decisions, carefully considered organizational placement and formation, and developed the network of organizations for the generation of technical evidence and capacity building for health technology assessment, strengthened by international networks and organizations with financing, expertise, and policymaker relationships.

PlantBiCNet: A new paradigm in plant science with bi-directional cascade neural network for detection and counting

Deep learning is increasingly popular for precise plant detection and counting in computer vision applications. Despite the rising cross-disciplinary research in this field, an important issue has been neglected: due to the inherent constraints imposed by the natural growth patterns of plants, the costly and time-consuming process of collecting plant image data, resulting in a scarcity of real-world available data. Consequently, researchers are often constrained to exploring large-scale data representations or limited applications. Currently, still no generalized network architecture excels in demanding environments. To address this, we introduce two new bi-directional cascade neural network paradigms, PlantBiCNet and its lightweight variant, PlantBiCNet-Lite. Unlike previous research, we place greater emphasis on the network decoding process itself rather than the encoder. Our bi-directional cascade and weight fusion decoding approach maximizes high-level semantics and low-level spatial data, enhancing the localization signal in a way that respects gradient diversity. We evaluate PlantBiCNet and PlantBiCNet-Lite on five public plant detection and counting datasets and a novel plant dataset. The average precision AP50 on these six small-scale datasets reached 0.905, with a high coefficient of determination R2 of 0.935, while the reported frame rate was 196 FPS. These results significantly outperform state-of-the-art computer vision methods. Moreover, we found that the introduction of the Dropout mechanism markedly enhances the model's performance and generalization ability. Further analysis supports our experiments and provides valuable insights into network optimization. Overall, our organization's open datasets and network modeling details provide a solid foundation for future research in the field of plant science.

Agricultural Chambers in the Process of Transfer of Knowledge and Innovations for the Development of Agriculture and Rural Areas in Poland

Agricultural chambers together with agricultural advisory centers and other entities are part of the European Union Agricultural Knowledge and Innovation System (AKIS). The system consists of a network of entities whose activities are focused on the introduction of new products, technologies, and organizational forms for use in agriculture. The AKIS is also defined as a network of research institutes, advisory centers, agricultural chambers, agricultural schools, and other non-governmental organizations that help farmers to upgrade the innovativeness and competitiveness of their farms and solve agriculture-related problems. In Poland, the activities of self-government in the agricultural sector are specified by the Act on Agricultural Chambers of 14 December 1995. An important research problem is the assessment of the activities of agricultural chambers in terms of the transfer of knowledge and innovations in agriculture in Poland and the determination of their place in the AKIS. This study of the impact of agricultural self-government on the transfer of knowledge and innovations in agriculture was carried out through the analysis of selected agricultural chambers in various regions of Poland taking into account the differences in the average surface area of agricultural land belonging to one farm. The research shows that agricultural chambers’ activities had a substantial impact on the rate of absorption of EU funds under the Rural Development Program in the analyzed regions. The comparison of the effectiveness of the agricultural chambers in Poland with the activities of chambers in the other EU Member States indicates a weak influence of the former on developmental processes in agriculture. Agricultural chambers should actively participate in the formulation of the national agricultural policy, take greater measures to ensure the stability of agricultural income and the flow of information, and be an important partner for farmers in representing their interests.

The Interactive Effects of Communication Network Structure and Organizational Size on Task Performance in Project-Based Organizations: The Mediating Role of Bootleg Innovation Behavior

A PBO is a temporary organization formed by assembling members with diverse experiences and backgrounds, aimed at achieving specific innovation goals. Constructing a reasonable communication network structure and enhancing organizational synergy are effective ways to promote the sustainable development of the system. This study, based on the Input–Process–Output (IPO) model and social network analysis, utilized a group collaboration platform to conduct a three-stage communication experiment on 685 construction project managers. Under two organizational sizes, the internal mechanism of how communication networks with two levels of centralization influence task performance were tested. The results indicate that in the case of a smaller organizational size, PBOs using a decentralized communication network tend to achieve higher task performance. However, as the organizational size expands, PBOs employing a centralized communication network may surpass in task performance. Additionally, we found that with the expansion of organizational size, bootleg innovation behaviors of organizational members are continually stimulated, further enhancing collective task performance. This study, based on the evolution of communication network parameters, explores the structural characteristics of organizational communication networks and the mechanisms underlying the emergence of bootleg innovation behaviors. It delineates the key pathways for improving collective task performance. The findings can provide a scientific reference for the organizational evolution and development of engineering project management.