Organizational Forms Research Articles

Stakeholder management and organizational form of arable farms: a comparison of paddy farm corporations in Japan

Abstract As agricultural operations are increasingly industrialized, the role of stakeholders (SHs) becomes critical to the sustainability of the farming business. Arable farms are particularly expanding their geographical scales and socioeconomic impacts on the surrounding community, which gives particular importance to stakeholder management in relation to internal and external parties. Although the majority of arable farming comprises family farms, they have been on the decline because of succession problems, while non-family farms have been increasing. Success or failure of SHM is closely related to organizational forms because the form represents primal SHs. However, little research has examined the impact of SHM on performance in arable farming. This paper empirically investigates how SHM in various organizational forms is associated with the corporate performance of Japanese paddy farms. A questionnaire survey of Japanese paddy farm corporations was conducted in 2014, and 217 questionnaires from 63 family, 64 joint-stock, and 90 community farms were used in our estimates. Our estimation examines the following hypotheses: (i) SHM is associated with the corporate performance of paddy farms, and (ii) effective SHM varies depending on the organizational forms. The results suggest that, first, effective SHM is linked to organizational forms. In other words, the choice of form can offset the impact of SHs. Second, excessive emphasis on listening to opinions from the surrounding community may harm their performance, particularly at joint-stock farms, which expand in scale. Third, at family farms, attracting younger employees is crucial for running the business. Last, harmonious relations with the community are most important at community farms compared with other types of farms.

Analysis of staffing of the regional health system by dental surgeons in 2019–2021

BACKGROUND: Providing qualified personnel to medical organizations is one of the priorities of the development of the health system. Improvement of staffing of dentists is relevant, as it enables increased availability and quality of dental care. Accessibility and quality of medical care involves the availability of the required number of medical personnel and level of their qualifications, achieved through the licensing of medical activities and certification and accreditation of medical personnel. AIM: To analyze the staffing of dental surgeons in medical organizations subordinate to the Ministry of Health of the Krasnodar Territory. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study included dental surgeons of state medical organizations of the Krasnodar Territory in 2019–2021. The present study uses statistical data of reporting forms of medical organizations of Krasnodar Krai «Information about medical organization» (N 30) for the studied period. Statistical processing of the material was performed using the Microsoft Office software package applying analytical, logical, and statistical methods of research. RESULTS: Analysis of the staffing of dental surgeons in medical organizations of the Krasnodar Territory for 2019–2021 showed an increase in established posts in general for organizations and providing medical assistance in ambulatory conditions, a decrease in established posts in the hospital and occupied posts in general by organizations, as in outpatient conditions, and in stationary. Moreover, a decrease was noted in the number of individuals employed as primary workers in general positions in the medical organizations of the province and in outpatient and inpatient medical care and in the number of individuals employed as primary employees, having the highest category and simultaneously increasing with the first and second categories. Further, the study found a decrease in the number of persons in the main occupations with professional certification, an increase in the number of persons with accreditation certificates, and a decrease in the number of physical persons and of employed dental surgeons in medical organizations of the Krasnodar Territory, owing to the reduction in both outpatient and inpatient conditions. CONCLUSION: Analysis of staffing of the regional healthcare system by dental surgeons for 2019–2021 was conducted.

Algunas reflexiones en torno a la ‘teoría de los campos’ y su contribución para el análisis de la universidad en el contexto de las actuales políticas de educación superior

Muchos especialistas han reflexionado e investigado el procesode cambio y actual situación de la educación superior universitaria en Latinoaméricay el mundo. Existe coincidencia en que estos cambios poseen uncarácter global, exhibiendo desde comienzos de los ochenta una tendenciaheteronomizante en el marco de un ‘Estado evaluador’ que busca mejorarla gestión económica y calidad universitaria, incorporando nuevos actorescomo empresa privada y con ello una lógica de mercado. Así, se han implementandopolíticas de educación superior que buscan aumentar la productividady la calidad por medio de mecanismos de regulación que han llevadoo llevaran a nuevas configuraciones del trabajo académico y la organizaciónuniversitaria. En este contexto, este trabajo busca establecer una reflexiónproponiendo como base la ‘teoría de los campos’ propuesta por Bourdieu,con el objeto de visualizar cómo ésta permite pensar nuevas configuraciones,así como anticipar escenarios posibles en el marco de la lucha por laapropiación de distintos capitales que actualmente se están poniendo en juegoen distintas escalas: entre universidades, entre estamentos universitarios,entre facultades y entre académicos.

Letramento em saúde em documentos do século XVIII: contribuições da Filologia

The text of the first document presented in this article to illustrate the issue of health literacy, a publication from 1768, stands out for resorting to different forms of knowledge organization to convince the authorities of the need for mass use of the inoculation process against smallpox, a disease that affected Europe and Brazil. It is a letter from the English doctor, dr. Gualter Wade, who, living in Portugal, was responding to a query about what would be new and worthy of imitation in the fight against smallpox. In addition to the representativeness of the language used in the document, a sample of the doctor's effort to prove the safety of inoculation for the elimination of bladders, the topic comes in handy with the current debates, in which the efficacy of vaccines against infectious diseases is still being discussed. The second document, from 1775, handwritten by the captain-general of the captaincy of São Paulo, Martim Lopes Lobo de Saldanha, and addressed to the then secretary of State for the Navy and Overseas, Martinho de Melo e Castro, is a counterpoint to the approach to the sanitary issue, in relation to the 1768 document, since homemade and ineffective measures continued to be used in the colony.

Recognizing, evaluating, and selecting new ideas: the problematic journey of novelty

ABSTRACT The journey of novelty – from the moment it arises to the time it takes hold – is often a difficult one. Life outside the mainstream is harsh, and social objects (e.g. ideas, products, technologies, or organisational forms) that lie off the beaten path tend to be overlooked. In this special issue, we bring together research which deepens our understanding of how novelty and new ideas get recognised, evaluated, and selected. The different articles and essays in this special issue not only shed fresh light on the underlying mechanisms that govern how the new surfaces, takes root, and propagates but also push our scholarly thinking in new and exciting research directions.

Традиционализм и прагматизм в административно-правовой науке

The features of reforming the fundamental institutions of administrative-legal science in modern political and legal conditions are considered. The conceptual apparatus of administrative law currently does not meet its purpose, especially in the category of “public administration”. Using the example of German administrative law, the coexistence of various educational courses is substantiated, including “the doctrine of management”, “general administrative law”, “police law” and “public order law”, which are independent academic disciplines. Corresponding differences are also accepted in Germany when conducting scientific research. In the new political and legal conditions, the subject of administrative law lies primarily in the study of the basic institutions of executive power, while theoretical postulates must correspond to their pragmatic purpose. The subject of study of the new course of administrative law should be not only its traditional categories, but also the concepts of “public property relation”, “special public body or organization”; in relation to the latter, the study of the organizational and legal forms of activity of state corporations in their relations with the executive power.

Rural–Urban Features of Social Innovation: An Exploratory Study of Work Integration Social Enterprises in Ireland

Geography is a significant element of social innovation. This paper focuses on exploring differences and similarities in the characteristics and contributions towards impact of Work Integration Social Enterprises (WISEs), a form of social innovation which provides otherwise unmet services and opportunities to people at risk of social and economic exclusion and distant from the labour market, in rural and urban areas of Ireland. To do so, we use data from 336 surveys from urban (213) and rural (123) WISEs and conduct an exploratory and spatially sensitive analysis to compare the characteristics, in terms of organisational age, legal and governance form, multiplicity of activities, revenue diversification; and contributions towards impact, in terms of geographical focus/reach, employment, volunteers, and income generation. Our analysis shows that WISEs in urban and rural areas present rather similar organisational characteristics and ways of functioning (legal structure, multiactivity, multiple sources of funding), but their contributions to socioeconomic impact differ according to their spatial location, with urban WISEs generating significantly more employment and income than their rural counterparts. Our study illustrates that socially innovative organisations are spatially sensitive, and that context influences their capacity to create sustainable employment opportunities and contribute to the local economy.

Pendampingan Optimalisasi Peran Sumberdaya Manusia Perusahaan Kontraktor di Banjarmasin dan Palangkaraya untuk Peningkatan Kinerja Organisasi

More than in the previous era, after the COVID-19 pandemic, companies must build effective human resource management (HRM) to improve employee performance and work culture. This condition requires an organizational form and HRM system relevant to performance needs and demands. PT Gagah Putera Satria needs to transform employees' systems, processes, and work culture to increase their performance as a company engaged in the service sector. Improving and enhancing the performance of the human resource organization is the key to the company's success in achieving the expected performance. That is why the company developed a comprehensive HRM as a major project along with the change in the form of the company, which was initially a heavy equipment rental company, shifted to heavy equipment contractors in the mining industry in Kalimantan. This assistance aims to help the company improve HRM performance. The activities include mapping the actual conditions of the problems experienced related to the company's HRM, restructuring the human resource organization, and disseminating recommendations for HRM performance improvement programs to principals and employees of the head office and project office at the site. The results of the assistance are the formation of an integrated structure of the HRM system, the operation of the human resource management process with a streamlined structure and a more effective process, and the increased managerial skills of the HRM personnel of the company.

TEACHING FUTURE MATHEMATICS TEACHERS BASED ON A CONTEXTUAL APPROACH

Principles of teaching (didactic principles) are the basic (general, guiding) provisions that determine the content, organizational forms and methods of the educational process in accordance with its goals and laws. Such guidelines characterize the ways in which laws and regulations can be used in accordance with intended purposes. The principles of teaching, by their origin, are a theoretical generalization of pedagogical practice. They are objective in nature, arise from practical experience, and therefore are guidelines that regulate activities in the process of teaching people. The principles cover all aspects of the learning process. At the same time, they are subjective in nature, since they are reflected in the teacher’s consciousness in different ways, with varying degrees of completeness and accuracy.

Physical constraints during Snowball Earth drive the evolution of multicellularity.

Molecular and fossil evidence suggests that complex eukaryotic multicellularity evolved during the late Neoproterozoic era, coincident with Snowball Earth glaciations, where ice sheets covered most of the globe. During this period, environmental conditions-such as seawater temperature and the availability of photosynthetically active light in the oceans-likely changed dramatically. Such changes would have had significant effects on both resource availability and optimal phenotypes. Here, we construct and apply mechanistic models to explore (i) how environmental changes during Snowball Earth and biophysical constraints generated selective pressures, and (ii) how these pressures may have had differential effects on organisms with different forms of biological organization. By testing a series of alternative-and commonly debated-hypotheses, we demonstrate how multicellularity was likely acquired differently in eukaryotes and prokaryotes owing to selective differences on their size due to the biophysical and metabolic regimes they inhabit: decreasing temperatures and resource availability instigated by the onset of glaciations generated selective pressures towards smaller sizes in organisms in the diffusive regime and towards larger sizes in motile heterotrophs. These results suggest that changing environmental conditions during Snowball Earth glaciations gave multicellular eukaryotes an evolutionary advantage, paving the way for the complex multicellular lineages that followed.

Prospects for the creation and development of radio electronic devices diagnostic systems with built-in software.

In the article, the issues of the current state of military-political relations of Ukraine (stable direction towards integration with NATO standards and real combat operations in the east of the country) are connected with the creation of an effective system of monitoring the technical condition of weapons and military equipment (foreign manufacturers of different countries and years of manufacture) in places of their direct application. Changes in military and political relations that are taking place in the world lead to changes both at the global level and in the middle of Ukraine. The level of the enemy's equipment with modern weapons, as well as the rapid development of scientific and technical progress, prompts a review of views on the forms and methods of conducting hostilities, the form of logistical support, the state and organization of an effective system of technical support and repair of military equipment and weapons. By an effective system for monitoring the technical condition (diagnosis) of radio-electronic weapons, we mean a set of hardware and software tools (based on computer-measurement systems) that are designed to solve the problems of technical diagnosis and ensure an increase in the reliability and efficiency of the weapon with an optimal cost-effectiveness ratio on the system - the effect of application. At the moment, with the increasing complexity of modern radio-electronic weapons, the increase in the number of controlled parameters, the miniaturization of the size of elements, as well as the low level of equipment with systems that perform the functions of forecasting and diagnosis, the tasks of predicting failures, reducing recovery time, saving resources of forces and means are urgent necessary for solving diagnostic problems, especially at the sites of operation of radio-electronic weapons.

Capitalism and Governance – a Macroeconomic Overview of “Everyone’s Interest”

Abstract The macroeconomic mode of economic growth, the backward-pyramidal evolution from the capitalist structure, the emergence of the free enterprise, and the corporate form of business organizations in our system of free markets are all examined in this research. This study aims to provide insight into the particularities of the many aspects of the governance process. This study focuses on privately held businesses that are publicly held by shareholders or social part owners. It also examines the state-corporate relationship and its effects on geo-social, political, and economic spheres.

Overlapping modernity and tradition: rethinking the danwei as a basic urban unit in modern China

ABSTRACT The danwei was the basic unit of social organization and urban form in China during the period of the planned economy, and this role, which encompasses various dimensions such as administration, production, and welfare, is a unique feature of China's modernization process. This study attempts to explain how the danwei actively influenced the development of socialist China from both modern and traditional perspectives. From a modern perspective, the danwei relates to the modern concept of urban planning, and its efficient spatial organization brings a new way of life in the industrial age. From a traditional perspective, the enclosed nature, social control, and patriarchal management style of the danwei maintained the characteristics of ancient society rooted in traditional culture, making it accepted by the public and facilitating the process of industrialization in a short period. This article aims to show that the danwei, as a pragmatic method blending modernity with tradition, played an indispensable role in China's transition from an agricultural to a modern society and continues to influence social life and urban form in contemporary China.

If Not Democratic

If someone says your work is democratic, what does that mean to you? And what does that mean for all the works you have made that no one has ever called democratic? This text reflects on participatory performance’s relationship to political forms of organization—from democracy to autocracy. The author has chosen to supply these reflections from within the context of his own body of work and collaborations, first reflecting on what it means to adopt democracy as a form and then pondering upon alternatives as provocations, from more established ‘classical’ forms to those that might be derived from the world around us. Laced through the text’s short sections is a refrain on what the author considers to be a tension between performance’s capacity to manifest a political system and the threat of politicality as a metaphor.

Social Cooperatives – a Tool for a Prosperous National Economy

Abstract Cooperatives are gaining an increasingly important role in socio-economic development in both developed and developing countries. The article examines the specificity of these organizations. Their main characteristics, similarities and differences with other comparable organizational forms are studied as well. Special emphasis is placed on social cooperatives and their contribution to the social and economic environment. In the last decade, the role of social cooperatives has grown as an alternative solution to social problems of vulnerable groups which the state cannot address effectively due to lack of public resources. A brief comparative analysis of the activities of cooperatives in Bulgaria and Germany has been made, as both countries have long traditions in cooperative movement. The benefits to the national economy are discussed and a new focus for their activities relevant to contemporary economic realities is proposed.

INTERDISCIPLINARY LINKS IN GEOGRAPHIC EDUCATION: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF FIELDS OF SCIENCE

In geographical education, interdisciplinary links allow to identify the main elements of educational content, to develop system-forming ideas, concepts, general scientific methods of learning activities, opportunities for students to comprehensively assimilate knowledge from different scientific disciplines. Interdisciplinary links influence the composition and structure of each academic discipline. Therefore, it is very important to emphasize the interdisciplinary connections taken into account in the content of geography and, conversely, in other fields of science besides geography. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review of interdisciplinary related science fields that integrate geographic educational technologies. The study used methods of analysis, differentiation, systematisation to identify the interdisciplinary links between geography and sciences such as history; biology; ecology; mathematics; cartography; physics and chemistry. As a result of the study, it was found that these branches of science – form a holistic scientific worldview in the student, strengthen interdisciplinary links. Thus, interdisciplinary links in geographical education are a modern principle of learning, influencing the choice and structure of teaching material in a number of disciplines, and an integrated organisational form that activates teaching methods.

Sinodalitas Gereja dan Aktualisasinya dalam Sikap dan Kepuasan Berlingkungan

In his address for the ceremony commemorating the 50th anniversary of the institution of the Synod of Bishops, Pope Francis said that synodality is a new way of church life in the third millennium. A synodal Church is formed by the communion of the people of God who are active and engaged in evangelization. Synodality is a manifestation of the Church as a communion of God's people and a pilgrimage of the Church in the world. With Synodality, both clergy and laity are invited to listen to the voice of the Holy Spirit through the sensus fidei, so that they can proclaim the Gospel to the world. Through the three main pillars of the Synodal Church, namely communion, participation, and mission, all the faithful are invited to listen to the Holy Spirit. The synodality of the Church cannot be separated from the parish circles because the parish circles are the foundation of the Church and support the life of the Church in its mission as salt and light. The parish circles are also a form of fellowship of the people of God. In addition, the parish circles from a management perspective are also a form of organization that cannot be separated from attitudes and organizational satisfaction. In the implementation of pastoral care in the parish circles, there are various attitudes and organizational satisfaction issues, such as parish circle administrators who are less proactive, encouraging the parish circle people to be active, disharmony between administrators and people in the parish circles, the tardiness in various parish circle activities, and the lack of young people who are interested in doing activities in the parish circles. With synodality in the parish circles, which is guided by the attitude of listening to each other sensus fidei, problems related to attitudes and organizational satisfaction in the parish circles are able to be resolved.

A dynamic network model predicts the phenotypes of multicellular clusters from cellular properties

Cell division without cell separation produces multicellular clusters in budding yeast. Two fundamental characteristics of these clusters are their size (the number of cells per cluster) and cellular composition: the fractions of cells with different phenotypes. Using cells as nodes and links between mother and daughter cells as edges, we model cluster growth and breakage by varying three parameters: the cell division rate, the rate at which intercellular connections break, and the kissing number (the maximum number of connections to one cell). We find that the kissing number sets the maximum possible cluster size. Below this limit, the ratio of the cell division rate to the connection breaking rate determines the cluster size. If links have a constant probability of breaking per unit time, the probability that a link survives decreases exponentially with its age. Modeling this behavior recapitulates experimental data. We then use this framework to examine synthetic, differentiating clusters with two cell types, faster-growing germ cells and their somatic derivatives. The fraction of clusters that contain both cell types increases as either of two parameters increase: the kissing number and difference between the growth rate of germ and somatic cells. In a population of clusters, the variation in cellular composition is inversely correlated (r2= 0.87) with the average fraction of somatic cells in clusters. Our results show how a small number of cellular features can control the phenotypes of multicellular clusters that were potentially the ancestors of more complex forms of multicellular development, organization, and reproduction.

Echo of the Arab Spring in Asia: A Quantitative Analysis

There is no doubt that the Arab Spring triggered a global wave of social and political destabilization which significantly exceeded the scale of the Arab Spring itself and affected all the world-system zones, including Asian countries.2 The analysis suggests that in the Asian region there were two waves of destabilization caused by the Arab Spring. The first started in 2011 and included a series of mostly peaceful protests, which had some features similar to the Middle Eastern revolutions in their organizational forms and communication methods. The second wave, in turn, took place in 2012–2014, when protest movements in Asia began to follow their own path, adding local discontent to their agenda. It was also connected with a sharp increase in terrorist activity in the Middle East, due to the weakening of several authoritarian governments and the emergence of consolidated terrorist organizations. Some Islamist groups in some Muslim-majority Asian countries, in their turn, pledged allegiance to these organizations (first of all, to ISIS/Daesh). Terrorist activity spread from the Arab world to Asia through various channels: the internationalization of jihadist ideas by militarized groups; ISIS propaganda on the Internet; refugees and jihadists returning to the region from the battlefields of the Arab World.

“ROLE OF FOREIGN BANKS IN INDIAN ECONOMY”

A perusal of the history of banking in India indicates that foreign banks had been operating in an organized form in our country since the beginning of 19th century. Majority of the foreign banks had been merely agencies of large banking companies having their registered offices in foreign countries. These banks were primarily called upon to contribute a lot to the development of foreign trade in India. In fact, these banks are still expected to play significant role in the country’s foreign trade. With normal ups and downs due to business vicissitudes, these banks have been varying in number over the period and at present, there are twenty-nine foreign scheduled banks operating in India.