Organization Expert Research Articles

Organization Communication for Leadership Training Program to Create Sustainability

Communication by a leader plays an important role in the process of conveying information, ideas and other things within an organisation. A leader's ability to communicate with employees, stakeholders, and clients in the most effective way is key. How organisational communication is applied in the training programme received by leaders. In the practice, decision-making, miscommunication, and ineffectiveness of activities still have the potential to occur. For this reason, research organization communication flow for leadership training program is needed. So that the company's business can be effective and sustainable. This research using a qualitative approach will deepen and analyse. The informants used as sources in this research are project leaders, expert instructors, organisational communication experts, user/client representatives and business development. The results showed the importance of having organisational communication to make training effective. The communication chosen should be in accordance with the culture of the organisation, and the success of the training also needs to be communicated to the public so that the organisation has good institutional value. Effective communication plays an important role in the success of leadership training programmes that aim to promote sustainability in business organisations.

Expert Consensus on the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B in Children

Abstract The aim of this consensus is to standardize the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of chronic hepatitis B in children and to achieve the goal of “eliminating viral hepatitis as a major public health threat by 2030” issued by the World Health Organization. Formulated by organized experts of the Chinese Society of Infectious Diseases and Chinese Society of Hepatology, Chinese Medical Association; Group of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Pediatric Society, Chinese Medical Association; and the National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases (Beijing), the consensus provides the latest evidence and recommendations for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of chronic hepatitis B in children.

A review of the impact of environmental pollutions on reproductive health and risk mitigation strategies

AbstractThe reproductive health system holds paramount importance for human well‐being. Reproductive health is notably susceptible to oxidative stress, triggered by the generation of reactive oxygen species from pollutants such as Cd is often found in cigarette smoke ultimately resulting in diminished fertility among couples. This review aims to comprehensively discuss the repercussions and hazards posed by pollutants to reproductive health, elucidating how pollution can instigate reproductive disorders and proposing mitigation strategies. The first set of questions aimed to avert pregnancy abnormalities and curtail morbidity and mortality rates and underscores the need for antioxidants as a pivotal risk mitigation strategy. Fostering public awareness of a healthy lifestyle is imperative. These sustainable solutions and the involvement of expert organizations at local, national, and global scales, employing a multidisciplinary approach, are indispensable for effective problem‐solving in this domain. Findings from the review highlight a correlation between pregnancy complications, encompassing spontaneous abortions, premature deliveries, and low birth weight (LBW), attributable to pollutants, thereby escalating morbidity and mortality rates.

Are cancer screening recommendations from top US cancer centers concordant with the USPSTF guidelines?

10535 Background: The USPSTF is an independent volunteer organization of multi-disciplinary national experts in disease prevention that publishes evidence-based non-binding recommendations for screening diseases, including cancer. Herein we assessed the congruence of cancer screening recommendations between the USPSTF and the Top 10 US Cancer Centers (as per the U.S News and World Report). Methods: This cross-sectional study compared the published screening recommendations from the Top 10 US Cancer Centers for colorectal (CRC), lung (LC), cervical (CC), prostate (PC), and breast cancers (BC) in average risk patients, to those of the USPSTF. The variables of interest included: screening tests, recommendation direction (for/against), strength, frequency, age of start, age of end, and discussion about risks and benefits. Data extraction was done by 2 authors and discrepancies resolved by mutual consensus and discussion with a third author. Results: We demonstrate the differences between the screening recommendations from the Top 10 Cancer Centers relative to those from the USPSTF (Table). Conclusions: Our study found significant variability between the screening recommendations from the 2022-2023 USNWR top 10 cancer centers and the evidence-based USPSTF guidelines for BC, PC, CC, and CRC. The recommendations for LC were overall in line with those of the USPSTF. The discordance was almost always in the direction of the cancer centers recommending more screening beyond the USPSTF’s recommendations, and often without discussion of potential risks and harms. This inconsistency could create confusion to the public, and therefore, a consistent messaging across the cancer centers congruent with the USPSTF recommendations and including a nuanced discussion of benefits and risks may be in the best public health interest.[Table: see text]

Sovereign climate bonds: Policy innovation for just transitions in developing countries

This paper proposes sovereign climate-aligned bonds (SCBs) as an innovation that could mobilise climate investment towards developing countries. The research focuses on identifying the mechanisms underlying the issuance of SCBs in developing countries to unlock climate investment from capital markets and what they imply for facilitating just transitions. The research bridges scholarship across three fields: policy innovation, climate finance and just transitions, undertaking semi-structured interviews in two samples: SCB direct managers and intermediary and expert organisations. Drawing on Seychelles’s blue bond and Indonesia’s green sukuk as case studies, the research found that gaps in the public budgets of both countries were the main triggers for issuing SCBs and internationally, the influence of international organisations (World Bank and UNDP). Domestically, national wealth, access to international markets, alignment of the instruments' characteristics with political agendas and compatibility with regulations were key factors. SCB benefits, such as capital mobilisation, new investors and transparency, were perceived to outweigh additionality concerns or reputational risks (though higher transaction costs compared with non-green issuances remained a consideration). SCBs may be used as political statements in support of climate agendas, surpassing the perceived benefits of the mobilised capital. A legacy of exclusive dynamics in private markets remains a structural barrier for SCBs to be transformational in addressing climate change. Risk-return rationales and the exclusion of climate from countries’ risk profiling place developing countries in a more challenging position. While these instruments may not be sufficient to close the climate investment gap, they have an important role to play.

Research progress on clinical antiviral treatment of chronic hepatitis B in children

The aim of this consensus is to standardize the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of chronic hepatitis B in children and to achieve the goal of "eliminating viral hepatitis as a major public health threat by 2030" issued by the World Health Organization. Formulated by organized experts of the Chinese Society of Infectious Diseases and Chinese Society of Hepatology, Chinese Medical Association, Group of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Pediatric Society, Chinese Medical Association, and National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases (Beijing), the consensus provides the latest evidence and recommendations for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of chronic hepatitis B in children.

Analysis of asset management difficulties observed in Brazilian firms: a study based on expert survey and fuzzy TOPSIS

PurposeThe purpose of this paper was to understand the difficulties related to asset management observed by experts in Brazilian organizations in light of the requirements outlined in the ISO 55001:2014 standard.Design/methodology/approachA survey was performed with asset management experts. The collected data were analyzed using frequency analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis and fuzzy technique for order preference by similarity to deal solution (TOPSIS).FindingsBased on data analysis, the most critical difficulties observed were related to managing and controlling the impact of changes in the company that affect asset management objectives; to the committing to and supporting the asset management system by the top management of the organization; to manage the processes for dealing with risks and opportunities for the asset management system and plans, and correcting failures in asset performance; and to plan and conduct actions in an integrated manner to identify and minimize adverse impacts associated with the asset management system, and afterwards verifying their effectiveness.Originality/valueThe findings of this study have important theoretical and practical contributions, since they indicate the most critical points observed in asset management in Brazil, which can be used as a source for future research and by professionals to prioritize difficulties in future planning and develop action plans to overcome them. The step-by-step methodological approach presented in this study provides professionals and researchers with a replicable method of identifying potential asset management difficulties in a given specific reality.

Examining of Marketing Research: Methodology, Criteria, Tool

The purpose of the study was to develop a methodology and appropriate tools for conducting an examination of the quality of marketing research. When carrying out the research, methods of traditional analysis of scientific literature and existing expert practice of the results of intellectual activity, comparison, generalization, description, formalization were used. The object of the study was reports on marketing research, the subject was the quality of their preparation. Based on a generalization of the definitions of the concept of “marketing research” and an analysis of the requirements for marketing information, the author formulated a definition of the concept of “quality of marketing research”. The article defines a list of evaluation criteria for conducting an examination of the quality of marketing research. In accordance with each of the criteria, a set of questions has been formed, the answers to which must be given by specialists when conducting an examination of the quality of marketing research. An algorithm for conducting an examination is presented, methods are defined and tools for its implementation are developed. The author also demonstrated the practical use of the tools he developed for conducting an examination of the quality of marketing research. In conclusion, the article formulates conclusions about the need for further study of the problem of examination of the results of intellectual activity, including marketing research, improvement of methodological tools, and the formation of a unified approach to resolving certain problems within the framework of expert practice of assessing the quality of preparation of marketing research. The results of the study may be useful to specialists acting as experts on the results of intellectual activity, including marketing research, government and non-government expert organizations, and forensic experts.

OPPORTUNITIES AND THREATS OF USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN THE LABOR MARKET: INTERNATIONAL FORECAST AND NATIONAL PERSPECTIVES

The article outlines the theoretical aspects and directions of AI development in the modern world, presents a classification, and spheres of its application in real economic conditions. Based on the research, the following are compiled: a list of top professions at the global and national levels; the structure of vacancies and resumes on the national market; a comparison of trends in the labor market outlined by international and national expert organizations in the field of the labor market with trends identified using AI; an assessment of the opinion of AI (chatbots ChatGPT and Gemini) on the issues of evaluating and forecasting the development directions of the labor market, demand and supply for various professions in the Republic of Belarus.

О проведении аудита системы управления промышленной безопасностью на примере ООО «Газпром трансгаз Томск»

The results of the audit of the industrial safety management system of Gazprom transgaz Tomsk, LLC, with the participation of the independent expert organization Scientific and Technical Center for Industrial Safety Problems Research, JSC, are provided. Notably, the audit of the industrial safety management system has been combined with the “classic” industrial safety audit. Brief information on Gazprom transgaz Tomsk, LLC, is provided, with the main focus on typical hazardous production facilities selected for the audit. The audit planning process, including the distribution of executives among the facilities to visit, in accordance with their geographic location, is described. The principles of establishment of criteria for the audit are listed. The parallel coordination of the jobs within the audit by the manager of the group of auditors and the representatives of the audit client is mentioned. A description of the stages of audit where the main attention has been paid to the industrial safety management system audit is provided. Notably, depending on the specifics of a visited department, the audit’s focuses change as well. The obtained results have been analyzed. The problem of currently missing requirements for the implementation, functioning, and evaluation of the efficiency of industrial safety management systems has been mentioned. The conclusion on the possibility and advisability of the industrial safety management system auditing combined with the control over the extent of compliance with the industrial safety requirements for hazardous production facilities as proof of the system's efficient functioning has been made. It is stated that such an experience can be used to develop regulatory and legal acts adopting the changes introduced in the Federal Law of July 21, 1997, № 116-FZ «On industrial safety of hazardous production facilities».

"Caminando Con Riesgo": perceptions of occupational injury, workplace safety and workers rights among Spanish-speaking hospitalized patients.

Occupational health disparities are well documented among immigrant populations and occupational injury remains a high cause of morbidity and mortality among immigrant populations. There are several factors that contribute to the high prevalence of work-related injury among this population and those without legal status are more likely to experience abusive labor practices that can lead to injury. While the work-related injuries and experiences of Spanish-speaking workers have been explored previously, there is a paucity of literature documenting injury among hospitalized patients. Additionally, there are few documented hospital-based occupational injury prevention programs and no programs that implement workers rights information. The purpose of this study was to further explore the context of work related injuries primarily experienced by Spanish speaking patients and knowledge of their rights in the workplace. This was a semi-structured qualitative interview study with Spanish speaking patients admitted to the hospital for work related injuries. The study team member conducting interviews was bilingual and trained in qualitative methodology. An interview guide was utilized for all interviews and was developed with an immigrant workers rights organization and study team expertise, and factors documented in the literature. Participants were asked about the type and context of the injury sustained, access and perceptions of workplace safety, and knowledge of participants rights as workers. All interviews were conducted in Spanish, recorded, transcribed in Spanish and then translated into English. A codebook was developed and refined iteratively and two independent coders coded all English transcripts using Dedoose. Interviews were conducted until thematic saturation was reached and data was analyzed using a thematic analysis approach. A total of eight interviews were completed. All participants reported working in hazardous conditions that resulted in an injury. Participants expressed a relative acceptance that their workplace environment was dangerous and acknowledged that injuries were common, essentially normalizing the risk of injury. There were varying reports of access to and utilization of safety information and equipment and employer engagement in safety was perceived as a facilitator to safety. Most participants did have some familiarity with Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) inspections but were not as familiar with OSHA procedures and their rights as workers. We identified several themes related to workplace injury among Spanish speaking patients, many of which raise concerns about access to workplace safety, re-injury and long-term recovery. The context around immigration is particularly important to consider and may lead to unique risk factors for injury, recovery, and re-injury both in the workplace and beyond the workplace, suggesting that perhaps immigration status alone may serve as a predisposition to injury. Thus, it is critical to understand the context around work related injuries in this population considering the tremendous impact of employment on one's health and financial stability. Further research on this topic is warranted, specifically the exploration of multiple intersecting layers of exposure to injury among immigrant populations. Future work should focus on hospital-based strategies for injury prevention and know your rights education tailored to Spanish speaking populations.

Expert Authority Politics in the Marine Biodiversity Complex

Abstract The negotiations for a new instrument for the conservation and sustainable use of high-seas marine biodiversity (marine biodiversity beyond national jurisdiction; BBNJ) finally concluded after difficult negotiations. The BBNJ negotiations had to address a regime complex of sectoral and regional organizations regulating different aspects of marine biodiversity and a political struggle about the epistemologies that ought to inform marine biodiversity governance, which is driven by limited, unequally distributed, and contested knowledge. However, to be implemented, the new BBNJ Agreement will have to be equipped with expert authority to be able to address these challenges and make competent statements about the state of high-seas marine biodiversity. We address a gap in empirical work on expert authority in the regime complex by analyzing state references to the expertise of different international organizations in the BBNJ negotiations. Combining collaborative event ethnography and social network analysis, we show that states strategically and politically refer to the expertise of international organizations, and we coin the term authority shopping to describe this behavior.

SOME ISSUES OF IMPROVING RULEMAKING IN THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN

The article addresses issues related to the improvement of legislative drafting activity. The author pays special attention to solving pressing issues, based on the theoretical, academic and practical positions of scholars and the results of the current practice of authorized bodies. The article highlights various methods for drafting bills by the Government and Parliament of the Republic of Kazakhstan. For instance, there are separate Rules for legislative work for bills developed by the Government, which include additional mechanisms that necessitate a more detailed and comprehensive consideration of the draft law being developed. In turn, these requirements and some norms of the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan "On Legal Acts" do not apply to bills initiated by deputies of the Parliament of the Republic of Kazakhstan. According to the author, this distinction is unjustified and could lead to negative consequences. The article also covers issues discussed in the Regulatory Policy Advisory Document for the draft law of the Republic of Kazakhstan "On introduction of amendments and supplements to certain legislative acts of the Republic of Kazakhstan regarding the improvement of rule-making process" (the draft was developed in December 2023), specifically the introduction of a new evaluation mechanism, namely "Regulatory Policy Assessments". Furthermore, the author examines the process of conducting the current model of organization and coordination of academic legal expertise and provides an assessment of this topic. In conclusion, the author offers specific recommendations for addressing the issues under consideration.

Emergency care and treatment of cerebral stroke at the stages of hospitalisation

According to the World Health Organization experts, about 7 million deaths due to cerebrovascular disease are recorded annually worldwide, and the number of stroke deaths is projected to reach 7.8 million by 2030. The main causes of stroke and its growth are population ageing, urbanisation, unhealthy lifestyles, insufficient control of risk factors (hypertension, atherosclerosis, diabetes, stressful situations, etc.). It is also associated with untimely provision of emergency medical care at the pre-hospital stage and ineffective treatment of strokes at the hospital stage, as well as a low efficiency of preventive treatment for recurrent stroke and rehabilitation measures. The lecture presents modern methods and techniques for treating patients with acute cerebrovascular accident at different stages: pre-hospital, hospital, and rehabilitation.

Organisational Expertise in Hollywood: How the Government, Social Movements, and Think Tanks Consult TV and Film Makers

Existing studies show that when Hollywood professionals develop and produce films and television series, they consult experts in social and political issues. These experts may be private individuals or representatives of various governmental, social movement, or research organisations. Drawing on ethnography and interviews, I focus on organisational experts and explore how they provide their expertise to Hollywood. I argue that these organisations form a peculiar social space surrounding Hollywood, which I refer to as ‘the relational space of organisational expertise provision’, which demonstrates some field effects like similar practices and habitus, but does not show overt competition. I argue that the provision of organisational expertise in Hollywood is undertaken by organisational boundary spanners who operate within this relational space through the enactment of expertise networks, the construction of connecting interfaces, and the trading of expertise as short-lived, or proxy, capital. These findings contribute to the Bourdieusian field analysis and sociology of expertise by elucidating how social spaces interact, how social agents gain power through the inter-field exchange of expertise, and what happens in the field of power.

“We Need to Build Carbon-Neutral Houses” – Discourses of Responsible Expertise in Finnish Professional Media

ABSTRACT In this study, we explore how expertise and responsibility are discursively intertwined in professional media. Based on quotations from building and real-estate industry professionals in news texts concerning sustainable building and housing, we identified three responsibility-related discourses: responsibility as a strategic professional vision, responsibility as techno-material expertise, and responsibility as a communal and societal orientation. These discourses of responsible expertise are important for voicing professional perspectives and emphasizing corporate social responsibility (CSR). In the sustainability transition, industry professionals are balancing between organizational and industry-level motives, between utility perspectives for “us” and “others,” and between managing impressions of doing good for the industry and for citizens or society at large. Through and with journalism, these professionals disseminate both individual and organizational expertise to the public in order to “make the industry and the whole society better and more sustainable.”

Metaverse cannot be an extra marketing immersive tool to increase sales in tourism cities

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyse the metaverse platform in a social context to better understand the future of this tool in tourism cities and how this can help to improve the well-being of residents in both digital and physical scenarios.Design/methodology/approachIn this paper, the current and probable developments in the metaverse, and its use in tourism cities and companies have been investigated. Moreover, this study develops, collects and examines the main metaverse definitions by expert authors and organizations as a methodology to ensure the transparency and credibility of the metaverse analysis.FindingsFindings suggest that the fusion of the metaverse and tourism cities must create residents’ services and experiences in the new MetaTourPolis to help interact and connect citizens with the city’s institutions and companies, as well as make tourism cities more attractive, innovative, environmentally friendly and healthier places to live. Metaverse will bring new changes for residents and tourists, in fact, this virtual platform is already changing and improving the residents’ quality of life and people with disabilities in tourism cities. For instance, the metaverse platform has been implemented in Seoul, Santa Monica and Dubai MetaTourPolis to interact with their residents, including people with disabilities, to resolve bureaucratic and administrative problems, avoiding this group and the rest of the residents travelling by bus or car to the city’s institutions. In addition, several metaverse applications based on softbot tutors or metaverse virtual social centres have been developed to improve blind and impaired people, and elderly people’ quality of life, respectively.Originality/valueA new concept called “MetaTourPolis” has been included to stage the relationship between tourism cities and the metaverse platform, where the fusion of metaverse and the new tourism polis of the 21st century will be at the service of citizens, tourists and companies, to create more sustainable, efficient, quantitative and environmental tourism cities.

Mainstreaming social sciences expertise in UK environment policy and practice organisations: retrospect and prospect

Building upon the concept of mainstreaming social sciences within conservation, we consider their mainstreaming, and so integration, within UK environment policy and practice (EPP) organisations. The paper responds to increasing calls to recognise the essential role of social sciences in addressing global environmental crises across policy, practice and research. An actor-oriented approach was deployed, producing empirical information from a multi-stage, co-designed, collaborative study involving 19 social scientists from a range of EPP organisations, to understand how they experience the mainstreaming of social sciences. The findings contribute to debates about the politics of knowledge in organisational domains other than those focused on research, specifically EPP organisations. Evidence was found of recent positive changes in how social sciences are perceived, resourced and utilised within EPP, as well as examples of positive impact. However, although EPP organisations are recognising the opportunities that social sciences expertise brings, in practice social sciences still face barriers to effective integration. Many of the challenges faced by the social sciences within academic multi-discipline research (e.g., late, narrow, or selective enrolment) were also experienced in EPP organisations, along with some unique challenges. Informed by the findings, the paper proposes a set of integration indicators designed to assess organisational progress toward addressing the observed challenges. It is recommended that these indicators are employed at a strategic level by EPP organisations seeking to better integrate social sciences expertise into their work.

Centring participant experience: a realist evaluation of a menstruator-friendly facility design project in a refugee settlement, Lebanon

IntroductionMenstrual health in humanitarian contexts is a neglected topic. Its taboo nature presents difficulties for participants in menstrual health projects in these particularly challenging settings. Namely, their experiences may be concealed or overlooked in projects that are typically outcome focused. Realist Evaluation is a useful method to unearth and explore the hidden mechanisms and their causes, which lead to positive or negative participant experiences. The authors have applied this approach to a robust humanitarian menstrual health project to explore how to centre the emotional wellbeing of participants at all stages: prior to, during, and post-participation.Study settingThe project studied was led by the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies who piloted their adaptable manual for menstruator–friendly water, sanitation and hygiene (WaSH) facility design in humanitarian contexts. It was conducted by the Lebanese Red Cross in an informal tented settlement hosting Syrian refugees in Qaa, Lebanon.MethodsThe authors collected interview and focus group data on the contextual factors and processes within the project from nine project staff and 16 settlement inhabitants. They used a realist process of theory development, testing, and consolidation to understand how and under what circumstances the project inputs affected participants’ wellbeing.ResultsThe contextual factors and causal mechanisms promoting participant experience comprised individual (choices influencing and experience during participation), interpersonal (group dynamics and the role of non-menstruators), and organisational (expertise and knowledge, relationship to participants and cultural differences) factors.ImplicationsThe research uses a case study from a renowned humanitarian organisation who provided a well-delivered project in a conducive environment to explore the mechanisms and contexts that can promote wider learning and refine understanding and programming in this under-researched and -theorised space. Specifically, it informs which contextual factors and project inputs must be present within a menstrual health project to ensure participant satisfaction whilst efficiently delivering well-designed menstruator-friendly WaSH facilities.

Selected Prospects for the Development of the Ukraine Economy in the Context of Wartime Demographic Transformations

The full-scale invasion of Ukraine by the Russian Federation has had a significant impact on the country's development dynamics. This was particularly reflected in the demographic potential: rising mortality rates, falling birth rates and the highest rates of internal and external migration since independence. Such transformations, combined with the challenges of the times, have been reflected in the economic space, both negatively and positively. This paper analyses the current demographic and economic situation, compares them with the period before the active military confrontation, and examines public attitudes and international experience in overcoming similar crises. This analysis was carried out by studying the main statistical data on the above processes. The international experience was reviewed by studying scientific publications and reports from expert organisations. The study showed that the continuation of the conflict could lead to a significant aggravation of regional disparities, the rapid development of service industries, including the digital sector and the military industry, a shift away from focussing on low value-added goods, and a crisis in sectors with low labour productivity. Although the demographic crisis will continue to deepen, it is expected to stabilise at a new level after the active phase of the war is over. The current set of prospects is generally positive but requires a proactive approach and constant review to accelerate the transformation process and strengthen the potential of the Ukrainian economy.