Organizational Decision Research Articles

Moral Decision-Making in Organizations

Moral Decision-Making in Organizations

The Evolution of Data Visualization Tools and Their Impact on Business Decision-Making : A Historical Analysis

This article examines the transformative evolution of data visualization tools and their profound impact on business decision-making processes. Through a comprehensive analysis of historical developments, theoretical frameworks, and technological advancements, the article explores how visualization tools have progressed from basic manual charts to sophisticated AI-powered analytical platforms. The investigation encompasses the cognitive foundations of visual information processing, the emergence of first-generation Business Intelligence tools, and the current landscape of modern visualization platforms. Particular attention is given to the integration of artificial intelligence in data visualization, including automated generation, pattern recognition, and predictive analytics capabilities. The article presents both quantitative and qualitative assessments of these tools' impact on organizational decision-making, highlighting significant improvements in decision speed, accuracy, and user engagement. The article reveal substantial benefits in terms of ROI, decision-making efficiency, and organizational adoption patterns. The article concludes by examining emerging trends, including the potential of extended reality technologies and edge computing, while acknowledging current limitations and providing recommendations for future research directions in this rapidly evolving field.

A Study on the Rational Decision-Making Process of Vessel Organization—Focusing on Cases of Vessel Accidents

Vessel organizations are exposed to the risk of accidents due to the limited experience and intuition of the top decision makers in the organization in the special environment of the sea. This study aims to provide a direction for sustainable and rational decision-making in vessel organization through decision making process theory and case studies of actual vessel accidents. The results obtained from the actual case studies show that all three vessel accidents were caused by the arbitrary decision of the decision maker based on the Garbage Can model. This can be attributed to the closed nature of the vessel’s organization, which requires a decision-making process that is a hybrid of the Carnegie Decision model and Management Science model. Implications include the introduction of a ‘My Ship’ system, the de-subjectivization of top decision makers, situational awareness, and the need to provide top decision makers with the context and information relevant to their decisions. Limitations of this study include the fact that the case study was conducted only on Korean-flagged vessels and the study was limited to vessel accidents that occurred in the waters off Korea, China, and Japan, which limits the generalizability of the findings. In order to overcome these limitations, it would be interesting to conduct a follow-up study to include vessel accidents of different nationalities or to further investigate the characteristics of the decision-making process in vessel accidents by country.

Catastrophic Health Expenditures for In-State and Out-of-State Abortion Care

Most US individuals who access abortion care pay out of pocket due to insurance coverage restrictions on abortion. More research is needed on the financial and psychological burdens of abortion seeking, particularly for those traveling across state lines for care. To estimate the proportion of patients seeking abortion who incur abortion-related catastrophic health expenditures (CHEs), assess whether CHE differs between those seeking care in state vs out of state, and examine the association of CHE with mental health symptoms. In this cross-sectional study conducted before the Dobbs v Jackson Women's Health Organization decision, surveys were administered between January and June 2019 among individuals aged 15 to 45 years seeking abortion in 4 clinics located in abortion-supportive states (California, Illinois, and New Mexico). Participants completed self-administered questionnaires while awaiting their abortion appointment. Analyses were conducted from November 2023 to April 2024. Travel for abortion care, categorized as either out of state or in state based on participants' state of residence and the clinic location. Self-reported abortion care costs and additional non-health care costs (eg, transportation, accommodation, and missed work), which were considered catastrophic if they were 40% or greater of participants' ability to pay (defined as monthly income remaining after meeting subsistence needs). Multivariable regression analyses were conducted to examine associations between CHE, out-of-state travel for abortion care, and mental health symptoms including stress, anxiety, and depression. Among the 675 participants included in the analytic sample, mean (SD) age was 27.33 (6.27) years; most were in their 20s (374 [55%]), and all but 196 (29%) sought abortion before or at 12 weeks' gestation. A total of 285 participants (42%) were estimated to incur abortion-related CHEs, which was associated with anxiety (APR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.07-1.19) and depression (APR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.12-1.39). Of people traveling from out of state (212 [31%]), more were likely to incur CHEs (138 [65%]) compared with those seeking care in state (147 of 463 [32%]) (APR, 2.24; 95% CI, 1.67-3.00). In this cross-sectional study of US patients seeking abortion, many individuals and their households were estimated to incur CHEs, particularly those traveling from out of state. The financial and psychological burdens of abortion seeking have likely worsened after the Dobbs decision, as more people need to cross state lines to reach abortion care. The findings suggest expansion of insurance coverage to ensure equitable access to abortion care, irrespective of people's state of residence, is needed.

The anatomy of clinical decision-making: aligning AI design with ICU routines

PurposeIn the face of numerous explanations for why AI-driven decision support systems (DSS) have failed to deliver on their promise of improving organizational decision-making, this paper problematizes the under-theorized mismatch between the design of DSS and the actual decision-making processes that the technology is supposed to support. We examine this mismatch by studying the implementation of a DSS in the intensive care unit (ICU) of a large academic hospital.Design/methodology/approachBased on 27 months of ethnographic fieldwork, we contend that the studied DSS was designed on the assumption that individual intensivists are responsible for making life-critical discharge decisions at one particular moment in time.FindingsHowever, our study of actual decision-making practices reveals that discharge decision-making is instead a protracted process, involving multiple actors fragmented across time and space. To account for these complexities, we advocate for a “dynamic routines” perspective, which highlights the actual patterns of action pursued throughout a clinical decision-making process.Originality/valueOur application of this perspective contributes to a more granular understanding of discharge decision-making, which can help future DSS designers better grasp the peculiarities and complexities—or “anatomy”—of the decision-making process. We also suggest integrating an “anticipatory ethnographic approach” into the design and pre-implementation phases of future DSS to help bridge the current gap between design assumptions and actual decision-making practices.

Implementing an unlearning approach to combat counter-knowledge in multiple sclerosis

ABSTRACT In the social domain, the term counter-knowledge has been used to refer to misinformation, gossip, rumours, and conspiracy theories that masquerade as knowledge. An individual’s assimilation of such counter-knowledge can lead to inappropriate individual behaviours and organisational decision-making. This study proposes a framework for investigating the relationship between counter-knowledge and learning myopia at the individual level in the healthcare domain, focusing on Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Given that those suffering from MS can experience symptoms leading to both a slowing down of information processing and a limited capacity. It is argued that these symptoms are likely to lead to exacerbating other symptoms, such as anxiety and depression. In addition to investigating how social counter-knowledge results in individual counter-knowledge, the research proposes a framework for understanding the challenges of implementing machine unlearning approaches, and a set of strategies to disrupt this linkage is also proposed.

Site Reassignment for Mobile Outreach Teams: Investigating the Effectiveness of Decentralized Decision Making

Problem definition: United Nations Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3.8 states that health coverage should be universal by 2030. This is challenging in rural and poor areas. To address this challenge, mobile outreach teams of healthcare workers visit a fixed set of remote sites to provide healthcare services. Because of dynamics in demand and supply, once-rational site-to-team assignment decisions can become far from optimal over time. This paper considers the problem of reassigning sites to teams to maximize effectiveness. Solving this problem through a central planner does not fit the context: outreach teams commonly have a high degree of decision-making autonomy. We study a decentralized approach where subsets of teams collaborate in a series of team meetings to reassign sites. The key question for decision makers is whether and when such an approach is effective. Methodology/results: We propose a mixed-integer programming model for centralized site reassignment. We extend this model to represent the decentralized approach and develop a set of simple decision rules for this approach. We use empirical data from six country outreach programs of the nongovernmental organization MSI Reproductive Choices. Our results suggest that, when properly designed, decentralized decision making performs close to centralized decision making, and even outperforms it in the case of inaccurate information at the central level. The finding remains valid when demand and supply fluctuate, and is insensitive to the chosen objective. Managerial implications: Humanitarian organizations currently deploy mobile outreach teams to provide a wide variety of health services. We present several useful insights for decision makers in humanitarian organizations when making design choices, taking account of context. In particular, we show that decentralized site reassignment provides a feasible and effective alternative to centralized approaches in many contexts. Supplemental Material: The online supplement is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2021.0437 .

Outside vs. Inside Succession: Environmental and Organizational Contexts, Strategic Decision, and Firm Performance

Outside vs. Inside Succession: Environmental and Organizational Contexts, Strategic Decision, and Firm Performance

Guilty When Proven Innocent? The Lingering Negative Effects of False Accusations on Trust and Organizational Decision-Making

Guilty When Proven Innocent? The Lingering Negative Effects of False Accusations on Trust and Organizational Decision-Making

LEVERAGING INTERNAL AUDITING TO ENHANCE STRATEGIC DECISION-MAKING AND BOOST MANAGEMENT EFFICIENCY, NIGERIAN BREWERIES ABA ABIA STATE

This research deals with leveraging internal Auditing to enhance strategic decision-making and boost management efficiency. It aims to discover the role of internal audit in organizational management decision-making. It is survey research. Data were collected from primary and secondary sources, including questionnaires, personal observations, textbooks, journals, and the Internet. A sample of 92 was collected by random sample method. Three hypotheses were formulated and tested using Z-test statistics, while questionnaires were analyzed using simple percentages. We discovered among other things that internal audit assists management in managerial decisions. Were commended among other things that the auditors be trained in forensic accounting to enable them to be more effective in their duties.

Impact of Digital Technologies on Organizational Change Strategies: A Review

This study aims to evaluate the impact of digital technologies on organizational change strategies, identifying how digital transformation influences organizational behavior, decision-making, and performance outcomes. By conducting a systematic review of existing literature from a range of industries and geographical regions, this research consolidates evidence on the roles of digital tools such as artificial intelligence, big data analytics, cloud computing, and the Internet of Things in shaping organizational change. The methodology involved a comprehensive search and analysis of peer-reviewed journals, conference papers, and industry reports published in the last decade. The selected sources underwent qualitative synthesis to discern common themes, trends, and effects related to digital technologies on change management strategies. Findings indicate that digital technologies significantly drive both the pace and nature of organizational change. These technologies facilitate more agile and data-driven decision-making, enabling organizations to rapidly respond to market disruptions and emerging opportunities. Additionally, digital tools enhance communication and collaboration across departments, streamline operations, and foster innovation. In conclusion, the integration of digital technologies into organizational change strategies leads to enhanced efficiency, competitiveness, and adaptability. However, successful implementation requires addressing challenges such as skills gaps, digital divide, and resistance to change. The implications of these findings suggest that organizations should invest in continuous digital upskilling, robust digital infrastructure, and inclusive change management practices to fully leverage the benefits of digital transformation.

DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE ON THE PLATFORM OF INNOVATIVE BIOECONOMY

Ukraine's economy is in a state of crisis caused by the war. The agricultural sector in extreme conditions is trying to fulfill its function of ensuring the food security of the state, supporting its export potential despite limited resources and logistical problems. Agrarian science in the conditions of budget funding deficit is trying to find ways to use the scientific and experimental base, developed varieties and technologies to promote the stabilization and revival of agro-industrial production in the industry and regions. Effective models of implementing the innovative potential of agrarian science on a business basis are necessary.The purpose of the study is to justify the platform of market adaptation of science to crisis conditions and the mobilization of scientific potential in the breakthrough directions of the development of the agrarian sphere on the basis of innovative bioeconomy and close cooperation between science and business.To realize the set goal, the work assessed the possibilities of integrating science and business on the platform of innovative bioeconomy in the crisis economic and legal conditions of Ukraine; the bio-ecosystem of the platform and its operational mechanism of the partnership of science and business for the implementation of joint innovation and investment projects are substantiated. For the introduction of a well-founded bioecosystem, a set of measures is proposed for the formation of a platform in the system of agrarian science on the basis of conducted tests and adopted organizational decisions based on the example of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine. Cooperation between agricultural science and business on the basis of the proposed public-private partnership platform ensures the mobilization of scientific potential to solve pressing issues of innovative development of agricultural production, rural areas through the creation and transfer of breakthrough and supporting bioinnovations, the production of competitive innovative agro-food products.

Effective decision-making in public health organizations: reference to the COVID-19 pandemic.

The role of public health organizations during the COVID-19 pandemic was crucial. These groups acted to slow the spread of infection through the implementation of initiatives, policies, research and more. However, the rapidly changing and uncertain climate of the pandemic resulted in suboptimal processes and decision-making within these organizations. These already complex organizations and networks of people became even more nuanced. Thus, organizational decision-making processes must be improved upon based on previous experiences and lessons learnt. With minimal peer-reviewed literature available, resources for effective organizational decision-making in these organizations are scarce. This served as the impetus for this review. To conduct this literature review, both peer-reviewed and grey literature were incorporated to better understand effective organizational decision-making practices for public health organizations. Recommendations found in the literature review were identified, coded and themed to provide a novel decision-making framework to be used by public health executives. Nine key themes of effective organizational decision-making were identified, including utilize decision-making tools, define the problem and acknowledge an imminent decision, establish decision rights, outline a clear escalation path, create a supportive organizational culture, set decision objectives and goals, and evaluate decision alternatives. These findings in conjunction with existing decision-making models were used to create a seven-step effective decision-making framework for public health organizations. The review and analysis of effective organizational decision-making practices is instructive. Public health executives and decision-makers should incorporate the themes identified and employ the proposed decision-making framework to encourage improved decision-making practices.

Portfolio location-related decisions: do proximities matter?

PurposeThis paper aims to examine the relationships between how family owners perceive different aspects of proximity to their territory of origin and the location-related decisions of family business portfolios.Design/methodology/approachBy using the data collected from 112 family business portfolios (FBP), the authors carry out an empirical analysis to test the proposed hypotheses. The results are robust across a battery of robustness analyses performed by the authors.FindingsThe analysis reveals a heterogeneous relationship between the different dimensions of proximity and the maintenance and location of portfolio business units. Specifically, we reveal that entrepreneurial families’ social and institutional proximities to their founding territory have a positive influence on their decisions related to investing and maintaining their business portfolio.Originality/valueThese findings open the black box of how business decisions are affected by how business owners perceive their contexts, providing new insights into how corporate decisions in understudied business organisations, business groups, are shaped by the ownership’s proximity to territories.

For Me or Against Me? Reactions to AI (vs. Human) Decisions That Are Favorable or Unfavorable to the Self and the Role of Fairness Perception.

Public reactions to algorithmic decisions often diverge. While high-profile media coverage suggests that the use of AI in organizational decision-making is viewed as unfair and received negatively, recent survey results suggest that such use of AI is perceived as fair and received positively. Drawing on fairness heuristic theory, the current research reconciles this apparent contradiction by examining the roles of decision outcome and fairness perception on individuals' attitudinal (Studies 1-3, 5) and behavioral (Study 4) reactions to algorithmic (vs. human) decisions. Results from six experiments (N = 2,794) showed that when the decision was unfavorable, AI was perceived as fairer than human, leading to a less negative reaction. This heightened fairness perception toward AI is shaped by its perceived unemotionality. Furthermore, reminders about the potential biases of AI in decision-making attenuate the differential fairness perception between AI and human. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.

Changes in Availability of Later Abortion Care Before and After Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization

OBJECTIVE: To examine changes in availability of procedural abortion, especially in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy, since the U.S. Supreme Court ended federal protections for abortion in its Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization decision in 2022. METHODS: We used the Advancing New Standards in Reproductive Health Abortion Facility Database, a national database of all publicly advertising abortion facilities, to document trends in service availability from 2021 to 2023. We calculated summary statistics to describe facility gestational limits for procedural abortion for the United States and by state, subregion, and region, and we examined the number and proportion of facilities that offer procedural abortion in the second or third trimester of pregnancy. RESULTS: From 2021 to 2023, the total number of publicly advertising facilities providing procedural abortion decreased 11.0%, from 473 to 421. Overall, one-quarter of facilities (n=115) that had been providing procedural abortion in 2021 ceased providing services, and an additional 99 decreased their gestational limits. In contrast, 73 facilities increased their gestational limits, and 64 new facilities began providing or publicly advertising procedural abortion services. The number of facilities offering procedural abortion later in pregnancy decreased (327 to 309 providing 14 weeks of gestation or later, 60 to 50 providing 24 weeks of gestation or later), although the proportion of all facilities providing these services held steady. The greatest changes were in the South, where many facilities closed. CONCLUSION: There have been substantial reductions in the number and distribution of facilities offering procedural abortion since the Dobbs decision, with critical decreases in the availability of later abortion services. Some facilities are positioning themselves to meet the needs of patients by opening new facilities, publicly advertising their services, or extending their gestational limits.

Artificial Intelligence as a driver of Fintech: Interesting Applications

This paper explores the transformative impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on financial technology (Fintech). With the rapid evolution of digital technologies, AI has become an important driver in reshaping financial services; where its effect is manifesting as increased net revenues of Fintech organizations. This short article examines various applications of AI in Fintech, including extraordinary payment systems, super-fast lending mechanisms and an example of a near real time insurance settlement system. This paper uses examples from industry to highlight how AI-driven innovations are not only enhancing efficiency and customer experience but also introducing new challenges, issues and considerations. The integration of AI in Fintech is altering traditional financial paradigms, prompting a discussion on the future of financial services, as well as organizational decision making, in an AI-dominated landscape.

Mitigating Cognitive Bias to Improve Organizational Decisions: An Integrative Review, Framework, and Research Agenda

The detrimental influence of cognitive biases on decision-making and organizational performance is well established in management research. However, less attention has been given to bias mitigation interventions for improving organizational decisions. Drawing from the judgment and decision-making (JDM) literature, this paper offers a clear conceptualization of two approaches that mitigate bias via distinct cognitive mechanisms—debiasing and choice architecture—and presents a comprehensive integrative review of interventions tested experimentally within each approach. Observing a lack of comparative studies, we propose a novel framework that lays the foundation for future empirical research in bias mitigation. This framework identifies decision, organizational, and individual-level factors that are proposed to moderate the effectiveness of bias mitigation approaches across different contexts and can guide organizations in selecting the most suitable approach. By bridging JDM and management research, we offer a comprehensive research agenda and guidelines to select the most suitable evidence-based approach for improving decision-making processes and, ultimately, organizational performance.

A IMPORTÂNCIA DA GOVERNANÇA CORPORATIVA PARA A GESTÃO FINANCEIRA DAS ORGANIZAÇÕES EMPRESARIAIS: UMA IDEIA REVOLUCIONÁRIA PARA ALCANÇAR O SUCESSO

This study analyzed the relationship between Financial Management and Corporate Governance of Micro and Small Companies and their financial performance. To know the reasons that lead a micro and small company to close. By not carrying out an investment plan, spending more than what is actually invoiced and the difficulty of controlling accounts is something that many entrepreneurs suffer. With the world economy and international trade increasingly integrated and diffuse. Micro and small companies are in a competitive rivalry between competitors, and having good quantitative and qualitative methods for analyzing decisions are some performance indicators (KPIs). From small organizations to large multinationals in the world, they continually seek a predictable and profitable future scenario. So that they can control or anticipate any eventualities through financial governance. In the financial market, there is a growing search by organizations for more information and data to assist in their decision-making arrangements. Financial Management has been increasing its area of expertise in terms of needs: cash; planning; capital expenditure research and decisions. Financial management as a refined tool becomes a privilege in the organization's decision making, envisioning future scenarios, which if used correctly leverages profits.

Moral Imagination for Engineering Teams: The Technomoral Scenario

“Moral imagination” is the capacity to register that one’s perspective on a decision-making situation is limited, and to imagine alternative perspectives that reveal new considerations or approaches. We have developed a Moral Imagination approach that aims to drive a culture of responsible innovation, ethical awareness, deliberation, decision-making, and commitment in organizations developing new technologies. We here present a case study that illustrates one key aspect of our approach – the technomoral scenario – as we have applied it in our work with product and engineering teams. Technomoral scenarios are fictional narratives that raise ethical issues surrounding the interaction between emerging technologies and society. Through facilitated roleplaying and discussion, participants are prompted to examine their own intentions, articulate justifications for actions, and consider the impact of decisions on various stakeholders. This process helps developers to reenvision their choices and responsibilities, ultimately contributing to a culture of responsible innovation