Organizational Choices Research Articles

Organizational Risk Attitude and Innovation Choice

Organizational Risk Attitude and Innovation Choice

RECRUITMENT SCHEME OF INVESTIGATORS IN THE DIRECTORATE OF GENERAL CRIME AT THE INDONESIA NATIONAL POLICE THROUGH THE TALENT SCOUTING STRATEGY

The police are law enforcement officers who are given the authority to conduct investigations into criminal cases. The ability of investigators then determines the success of law enforcement. Recruitment of investigators working at the Directorate of General Crime at INP then needs to be done properly, so implementing talent scouting is the organization's choice. This paper aims to analyze the investigator recruitment scheme in one of the functions of the INP, namely the Directorate of General Crimes at the Criminal Investigation Agency by applying the concept of talent scouting. The method used in this research is descriptive research with a qualitative approach. Data was collected by literature study and documentation study. Secondary data sources are taken from books, journals, internal documents and others related to research problems. An interactive analytical framework was employed to analyze the data. The results of the study show that the implementation of talent scouting can be carried out by carrying out five stages: 1) announcement, 2) determination of eligible participants, 3) registration, 4) administrative selection, 5) competence test to get a talent pool. The two main factors that influence the recruitment of investigators are internally, the readiness of the INP General Crimes Directorate and externally the readiness of candidates to register and carry out tests.

Problems of implementing the federal project "Development of export of medical services" at the regional level

Introduction. The purpose of the study is to determine the leading and least represented on the website of the Federal project "Development of exports of medical services" (Federal project) profiles of medical services for the formation of proposals for the development of medical tourism in the Chelyabinsk region.Materials and methods The study is based on empirical and theoretical methods of studying the website of the Federal Project and the information of the Coordinating Center for Medical Tourism Development placed on the websites of the Ministry of Health of Russia and Central Research Institute of Health Organization and Informatization. Statistical method and questionnaire survey method were used.Results and Discussion Factors influencing the choice of medical organization are: availability of information about the medical organization in free access, transport accessibility, staffing of hospitals with equipment, level of professional training of doctors, quality of service and patient safety in medical organizations, the cost of medical services. Leading areas of medical tourism for adult patients: obstetrics and gynecology, neurology and neurosurgery, traumatology and orthopedics. Rating of medical services profiles for children's age category of foreign tourists: pediatrics, rehabilitation, ophthalmology, neurology, otorhinolaryngology and dentistry. The main factors motivating managers of medical organizations to participate in the Federal project: attracting additional funds, development of quality system management and obtaining a JSI certificate, improving the image of the medical organization in the framework of medical tourism. Reasons that hinder participation in the project: lack of targeted funding, problems of interaction with the project organizers, maintenance and processing of permits for medical tourism, pandemic conditions.Conclusion The condition for effective implementation of the Federal project in the Chelyabinsk region is to create a Regional Coordinating Center, which will organize and carry out activities aimed at the development of medical tourism in the region and the promotion of medical organizations in the Chelyabinsk region.

Expert evaluation of ergonomics and cultural influence on employees’ choice of work

Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) has long been in a relationship with ergonomics, as a user is expected to have a suitable environment to display a good user experience. This study aimed to identify how organizational or employers' ergonomic values and culture influence employees’ choice of organization to work for. A survey questionnaire, containing 30 items with a Likert Scale (Strongly disagree -1 and 5 for strongly agree) was adopted. A total of 300 questionnaires were distributed and a sample of 250 full-time employees from various companies was used. The collected data was analyzed using descriptive means and correlation via SPSS.21. Results show that a significant dependent relationship exists between employee values and the organization’s ergonomic values (r=0.947; p<0.01), and between employee’s values and mean congruence between values (r=0.829; p<0.01). No significant relationship was found between organizational values and mean congruence between values (r=0.096; p>0.05). The findings in this study may provide direction on how organizations should adopt a better ergonomic design approach for mutual benefits with present and prospective employees.

HEALTH TECHNOLOGIES

The use of health technologies provides better health management, anchored in equity, communication and governance in health. Technologies are conceptualized as a tool, which helps from planning to the execution of activities, and can be applied in health or in another area of knowledge. The objective is: to analyze scientific productions related to health technologies in a collective perspective. This study takes the form of an integrative literature review, built through the following steps: definition of the research question, selection of descriptors, choice of database, search and organization of articles and presentation of results. The chosen databases were: Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences - LILACS, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrievel System Online - MEDLINE, Google Scholar and Scientific Electronic Library Online - SciELO, from July to August, year of 2022. Eight studies on the topic were gathered and organized in a table. The results obtained from the research carried out through scientific articles related to health technology and the collective impacts, several concepts were analyzed about the word technology, the main ones being: “light technology”, “light-hard technology” and “hard technology” . It was observed that there is a generalization of these mentioned terms, which are related to the reception along with the dialogue, the information and the production of procedures, respectively.

The Differential Use of Litigation by NGOs: A Case Study on Antidiscrimination Legal Mobilization in Belgium

This article aims to explain the differential use of litigation by social movements pursuing social change. While previous studies have sought to compare non-governmental organizations (NGOs) that turn to litigation with those that do not, we study organizations that have all resorted at least once to legal action. Taking Belgium and the field of antidiscrimination as a case study, our research confirms the findings of previous literature that the characteristics of the legal environment do impact on the choice of organizations whether or not to go to court. But we also find that legal action is used differentially by NGOs depending on two factors in particular: their position as an insider or outsider in the political realm and their possession of legal resources. Based on a quantitative measure of legal actions initiated by NGOs and interviews with activists, we propose a typology of civil society organizations—which we label “experienced litigants,” “occasional litigants,” and “litigants by necessity”—that could be transposed to other contexts and other types of interest groups.

A Causal Study On Hybrid Model And Its Impact On Employee Job Performance

Organizations are changing to meet the changing needs of their customers and employees. The functional way of working from conservative to technological mode has gained the attention of employers to be more focused on employees' work life balance and performance. In the technology era, the concept of hybrid models has become most commonly adopted in the third decade of the 21st century, especially in the IT sector. They were conducting research with millennial generations when the COVID-19 pandemic occurred, causing an abrupt global change. This has completely changed the way the organisation was functioning and affected each and every aspect of its functions. This includes working style, communication patterns, working hours, job performance, and interpersonal relationships.
 Organizations are forced to implement the hybrid model to meet the changing needs of the business to ensure the business runs on its own and employees are performing at their best. The digital transformation has become the medium of choice for organisations to integrate the office workplace and flexible working hours. Employees nowadays prefer to work from home because technology allows them to work from anywhere while still having time to care for their families. This was the least preferred for employers before the pandemic, and after the pandemic, the employee’s choice has become the liberal working style. To meet the changing needs of the employees, the hybrid work model is implemented across the globe at all levels. Though it gives the advantage of working from anywhere, at the same time, it has impacted job performance. The individual contributor’s performance was doing well, but team performance has suffered remarkably. The teleworking model has affected interpersonal relationships among employees and job performance has become a questionable element for organizations. The front line managers are focused on tasks, extended working hours, and the employees' personal concerns are ignored due to lack of personal touch and exchange of encouraging words. This impacted the job performance and led to high employee turnover. Organizations are trying to address employees' concerns through various programmes to build relationships and improve job performance. The objective of this study is to analyse the impact of the hybrid model and to provide insights on how to manage employees to perform better at work.

Public sector accounting harmonization in the European Union through the lens of the garbage can model

AbstractThe public sector accounting harmonization process that started in the European Union in the aftermath of the financial crisis led the European Commission to launch a project for the development of a set of European Public Sector Accounting Standards (EPSAS). This paper analyses the process and the decision‐making around development of the EPSAS through the lens of the garbage can model (Cohen, M. D., March, J. G., & Olsen, J. P. (1972). A garbage can model of organizational choice. Administrative Science Quarterly, 17(1), 1–25). More specifically, by identifying problems, participants, solutions, and choice opportunities, it discusses why the development of the EPSAS is taking so long and why the process does not seem to be progressing as planned. To this end, documents related to the process of EPSAS development are analyzed. The results provide evidence of problematic preferences and fluid participation possibly coupled with flight decisions—three elements of the garbage can model. Postponing decisions can be an option to dampen reluctance. The more the public sector becomes accustomed to the International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSAS) by adopting IPSAS‐like accrual accounting standards while waiting for the completion of the EPSAS, the less resistance there might be to moving to accrual accounting standards. However, at the same time, an imminent change to a new set of EPSAS standards might become less plausible if changes demand extra reform.

Biodiversity management approaches in small and innovative businesses: insights from a systems thinking perspective

PurposeAmid the current global crisis, biodiversity remains a topic that is often relegated to a few disciplines. Many issues related to the relationship between organizations and the ecosystem remain unexplored. This study aims to fill this gap by examining the characteristics of the interrelationship between these two complex and dynamic systems.Design/methodology/approachThis research is conducted using a constructivist approach, with an interpretivist perspective and a case study methodology. Through this research perspective and an exploratory multiple case study (holistic), the authors assess the implications related to the concept of biodiversity and the impacts that organizational choices could have on the consideration and management of this complex concept.FindingsThe desire of these entrepreneurs to change their ways of doing things and try to produce in a way that respects the ecosystem and enhances natural genetic diversity, while simultaneously drawing value from it in a healthy and sustainable manner, is evident. The orientation toward a sustainable and ecologically innovative business brings the concept of profit into the background on several occasions, leading these bakery entrepreneurs to be visionary green entrepreneurs (or ecopreneurs). The desire to be sustainable and to change the ways of “business as usual” makes these companies and their entrepreneurs an example of “sustainability-as-flourishing.”Originality/valueBy adopting the systems thinking approach and multiple case studies, this study examines the interrelation between some innovative small companies (bakeries) and biodiversity, their motivations to actively engage in biodiversity protection and their roles in protecting agrobiodiversity as well as the natural wealth of the ecosystem.

Organizational Autonomy: A Review and Agenda for Future Research

Organizational autonomy is a fundamental organizational design choice that holds a central position in management theories and practice. To date, this construct has suffered from definitional vagueness and conceptual fragmentation in its academic study across different management subfields. Drawing from a review of 87 articles appearing in top academic management journals, we had four objectives. We sought to establish clarity and consensus on the construct of organizational autonomy, to review the fragmented fields of studies on its determinants and outcomes, to identify unresolved or neglected debates, and to provide an organizing template for guiding future research. In a first section, we discuss the development of the organizational autonomy construct and review its diverse definitions, primary determinants, and outcomes. In a second section, we provide a set of recommendations spanning methodological directions and conceptual opportunities on the overlooked dynamics of organizational autonomy. Overall, our review provides a unified framework and direction for enhancing the understanding of one of the management field’s fundamental concepts.

A Comparative Study of Chinese EFL Undergraduates’ Pragmatic Competence in English Letter Writing Between Urban and Suburban Universities

In this era of globalization, pragmatic competence plays a vital role in cross-cultural communication. The objective of this study is to investigate whether location is a key factor influencing Chinese EFL undergraduates’ pragmatic competence in English letter writing by comparing urban and suburban universities. This study adopted a descriptive research design. The samples of the study were 450 Chinese college students, with 225 from a university located in an urban city (Guangzhou) and another 225 from a university located in a suburban city (Yiyang). All the participants in this study took an English letter writing test and their writings were analyzed from the perspectives of choice of vocabulary, grammar, syntax and organization. The findings from quantitative data indicated that the overall pragmatic competence of the students from an urban university was better than that of the students from a suburban university. Specifically, there was a significant difference in the overall pragmatic competence, choice of vocabulary, grammar, syntax between an urban university and a suburban university, whereas there was no significant difference in organization. Pedagogically, the findings suggest that pragmatic competence and learning environment should be taken into consideration and lecturers could adopt flexible and feasible approaches applicable to students living in different parts of the world.

Internal Environment of the Organization and Strategic Choice in Cement Manufacturing Firms in Kenya

Purpose: The objective of this research is to look into the internal environment elements of the organization that have an impact on strategic choice in the Kenyan cement industry.
 Methodology: A descriptive research design was used. The target population consisted of six Kenyan cement manufacturing firms. To collect data, a census and a questionnaire were used. The collection tool was piloted prior to the actual study to determine its validity and reliability. The arithmetic standard deviation and mean were utilized to assess central tendency and dispersion.
 Findings: Research findings are expected to significantly inform cement manufacturing firms and accelerate infrastructural development in Kenya as well as East Africa. Organizational structure was also positively correlated at (r =.368 and P>0.05), indicating a positive relationship, and organizational culture was positively correlated at (r =.358 and P >0.05), indicating a positive (+ve) and significant relationship. At (r) =.597 and P>0.05, managerial leadership styles had the greatest positive influence on strategic choice. The results of the study on organizational resources and strategic choice in Kenyan cement manufacturing firms revealed a moderately positive relationship that was statistically significant (r=.436 and P>0.05). According to the study, organizational structure, culture, managerial leadership style, and resources all have a positive (+ve) and significant effect on strategic choice.
 Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy (recommendation): The research hopes to inform policy on the strategic importance of supporting and strengthening strategic choices through adapting dynamic organizational structures and implementation policies for Kenyan cement manufacturing and beyond. The study will further enable top management of Kenyan cement manufacturing firms unlock the value of their investment through effective strategic leadership. The study will help improve the management and development of strategic areas of capacity building and improve policies geared towards enhancing the strategic choice.

Conflicts between core purposes: Trade-offs associated with organizational shifts in Mexican community forest enterprises

Community forest enterprises (CFEs) have been promoted globally in conservation and rural development initiatives. CFEs, which are considered social firms, commercialize various forest products and services to provide income, employment, public goods, and services. However, as with other social firms, CFEs may experience a tension between generating revenue and fulfilling their social mission. We explored this tension through a qualitative case study that examined the organizational choices of four CFEs in Oaxaca, Mexico, including the processes and practices they adopted that prioritized their social mission or more profit-oriented aims, and the way they navigated the tensions between their social and financial goals. Interviews revealed that the different organizational features of CFEs, including leadership structures, decision-making processes, enterprise locations, and benefit-distribution schemes, often elevated CFEs’ social mission or more profit-oriented aims, typically at the cost of the other. With some exceptions, we found that the organizational processes and practices CFEs adopted to generate more revenue often negatively impacted trust, transparency, and participation. We build on scholarship that has documented tensions between historical communal governance and enterprise management in Mexico by demonstrating how communities are modifying their organizational structures in ways that blur the lines between traditional governance and enterprise management and, in some cases, in ways that mitigate trade-offs. Better understanding organization and associated trade-offs may allow CFEs–or other stakeholders interested in their proliferation and success–to make more transparent and deliberate decisions and avoid or adapt to undesirable outcomes and unanticipated consequences. As CFEs are promoted and replicated globally, our study is an important step in understanding the perverse outcomes and unintended feedbacks that arise from enterprise organization and illustrates the tension between social and financial performance in CFEs.

The Two Blades of the Scissors: Performance Feedback and Intrinsic Attributes in Organizational Risk Taking

We draw on the behavioral theory of the firm and prospect theory to examine how performance feedback (decision context) and the characteristics of the alternatives (decision content) that decision makers face jointly determine organizational risk-taking choices. While the behavioral theory of the firm has identified performance feedback’s important role in driving organizational risk-taking decisions, it has not considered the intrinsic attributes of alternatives, specifically the magnitude and likelihood of their outcomes, which have been the focus of prospect theory. We argue that these two attributes play a key role in decision makers’ assessment of alternatives, but because achieving organizational goals is the prime objective in organizations, performance feedback drives how decision makers process information regarding these attributes. Analyzing 23,895 fourth-down decisions from the U.S. National Football League, we find that decision makers weigh attainment discrepancy and the magnitude and likelihood of outcomes in their choices, depending on deadline proximity. Furthermore, the size and valence of attainment discrepancy modify the weight of the magnitude and likelihood of outcomes in risky choices. Our arguments and findings suggest extensions to the behavioral theory of the firm and imply modifications to prospect theory when applied to the organizational context.

Research governance and the dynamics of science: A framework for the study of governance effects on research fields

Abstract This article offers a framework for the study of research governance effects on scientific fields framed by notions of research quality and the epistemic, organizational, and career choices they entail. The framework interprets the contested idea of ‘quality’ as an interplay involving notion origins, quality attributes, and contextual sites. We mobilize the origin and site components, to frame organizational-level events where quality notions inform selections, or selection events. Through the dynamic interplay between notions selected at specific sites, we contend, local actors enact research quality cumulatively, by making choices that privilege certain notions over others. In this article, we contribute in four ways. First, we propose an approach to study research governance effects on scientific fields. Second, we introduce first- and second-level effects of research governance paving the way to identify mechanisms through which these different levels of effects occur. Third, we assert that interactions between research spaces and fields leading to effects occur in the context of research organizations, and at nine key selection events. Fourth, and lastly, we discuss an empirical test on an illustration case to demonstrate how this approach can be applied.

Building Interventions in Mediterranean Towns—Developing a Framework for Selecting the Optimal Spatial Organization and Construction Technology from a Sustainable Development Perspective

Mediterranean towns and their surroundings show specific characteristics, such as urban structure, presence of complex stratification of heritage, and often seasonality, which makes the choice of spatial organization and construction technology for building construction of high importance in relation to sustainable development. For such purpose, the SOnCT model, based on multi-criteria decision analysis, has been developed which takes into account optimal building interventions in Mediterranean towns from a sustainable development perspective, highlighting their spatial-technical aspects. The presented research answers the questions of how sustainable development goals can be implemented in the case of construction interventions in Mediterranean areas, especially in smaller settlements that present very fragile status and specific characteristics not comparable to northern towns. This paper presents the construction and verification of the evaluation and prioritization model for selecting the optimal spatial organization and construction technology based on the criteria of sustainability, spatial characteristics, and the United Nations’ Sustainable development goals.

Review: Art of Ancient Greece, Rome, and the Byzantine Empire, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston

Review| August 01 2022 Review: Art of Ancient Greece, Rome, and the Byzantine Empire, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston Art of Ancient Greece, Rome, and the Byzantine Empire, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, MA, December 18, 2021–, https://www.mfa.org/gallery/art-of-ancient-greece-rome-and-the-byzantine-empire. Gretel Rodríguez Gretel Rodríguez Brown University Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Studies in Late Antiquity (2022) 6 (3): 561–569. https://doi.org/10.1525/sla.2022.6.3.561 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Gretel Rodríguez; Review: Art of Ancient Greece, Rome, and the Byzantine Empire, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. Studies in Late Antiquity 1 August 2022; 6 (3): 561–569. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/sla.2022.6.3.561 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentStudies in Late Antiquity Search After a two-year reinstallation, the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston (MFA) unveiled the new galleries housing its collection of ancient Greek, Roman, and Byzantine art on December 18, 2021. This restructuring has presented an opportunity to rethink the nature of the collection and the manner in which it is presented to the public. The curators and museum staff embraced the task with creativity, offering a novel interpretation of this important corpus of ancient Mediterranean art.1 The result is doubtlessly a more nuanced presentation of the ancient collections, although a few conceptual and organizational choices have also left room for improvement. The exhibition, comprising five new galleries, has been enhanced by freshly designed displays, structural modifications to the building—including the installation of clerestories to bring in natural light—and the addition of digital technologies such as animations, 3-D models, and soundscapes. Visitors will now explore the arts of the ancient world... You do not currently have access to this content.

Organizing for Inter- & Transdisciplinary Collaboration in Science: The Role of Autonomy vs. Control

Academic scientists are increasingly expected to conduct their research in an open and collaborative manner, crossing disciplinary, organizational, and even functional boundaries to increase the productivity and impact of their research. Yet, such inter- and transdisciplinary collaborations bear multiple risks for the scientists involved including career threats in case projects fail or get delayed. At the same time, a progressive trend toward managerialism in scientific research organizations such as universities or research institutes is enmeshing organizational priorities with individual researchers' agendas and workflows. This raises the question of whether and how scientific organizations can act as facilitators of implementing collaborative research practices on the part of individual scientists. We shed light on how organizational design choices – related to exercising control vs. granting autonomy – influence the scientists’ engagement in inter- and transdisciplinary research collaborations. We investigate this question by exploring two in-depth case studies of scientific organizations in Europe with a total of 63 interviews with scientists, 4,129 pages of secondary material, and field observations. Our analysis shows that control-related design choices are 1) more frequently applied than those related to granting autonomy but 2) also bear the risk of (unintendedly) blocking or deterring scientists from collaborating at all, in particular when scientists’ norms and values are not sufficiently considered. 3) Interestingly, granting scientists autonomy in their collaboration activities seems to predominantly encourage collaborations with close (compared to distant) collaborators and lead to collaborations with low levels of decision rights on the side of the collaboration partners. Our findings contribute to the literature on the organization of science and hold meaningful implications for research policy and managers of scientific organizations.

Internationalization of Business Schools and their Strategic Response to Institutional Complexity

Higher education institutions, and business schools, in particular, need to address diverse, and often ambiguous demands and expectations of multiple stakeholders. Most prior higher education internationalization studies implicitly assumed that cross-border normative and cognitive pressures would lead to isomorphic behavior, causing schools to pursue similar strategies. However, we suggest that schools’ strategic responses to institutionally complex sets of demands will vary since organizations have agency and different schools may sense complexity differently (e.g., as either threat or opportunity). We employed fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) in a sample of 31 business schools (20 from the USA and 11 from Brazil) to better understand the multiple combinations among organizational resources, choices, and experiences as conditions associated with the integration of international initiatives. We found that if institutional complexity, exacerbated by internationalization pressures if neutrally or positively framed, it contributes to the integration (or infusion) of internationalization initiatives regarding teaching, research, and service. Conversely, when negatively framed, institutional complexity may result in dispersed (or diffused) internationalization efforts. These findings highlight that business schools are not “hostages” of their environment but rather engage in discretionary choices and strategically respond to institutional complexity, advancing a more nuanced strategic management view.

The Influence of Founding Experience on the Establishment of Organizational Structures

This article introduces a multi-level human capital perspective on the origins of new ventures’ organizational structures. We examine the human capital of the founding team and venture capital investors and establish a model that details each party’s influence on the venture’s organizational design. In explaining the role of human capital in entrepreneurship, we argue that the influence of experienced founding teams and that of experienced venture capital investors both lead to differentiated organizational designs but that there is no additional effect when both parties are experienced. To validate our hypotheses empirically, we compile a longitudinal database of 199 new biotechnology ventures founded between 2001 and 2012 with 1,723 observation years and 460 funding rounds. We find that both experienced entrepreneurs and experienced venture capital investors lead to deeper and broader organizations in the absence of the other but no additional effect of their simultaneous presence. This study contributes to human capital research in the realm of entrepreneurship by considering the experience of the founding team and venture capital investors in an integrated, multi-level model. In addition, this study contributes to organizational research by providing detailed evidence on the differences in organizational design choices made by experienced founding teams and experienced venture capital investors compared to their unexperienced counterparts.