Organizational Structure Research Articles

A Study on the Organizational Structure of Busan Water Police Station in Modern era

A Study on the Organizational Structure of Busan Water Police Station in Modern era

One faith for different realities: accounting and management practices of Benedictine monasteries

Purpose This paper aims to explore how the accounting and management practices of monastic institutions were shaped by their surrounding social, political, geographical and economic environments, as well as religious ideologies, during critical historical periods. Design/methodology/approach By applying institutional theory and the comparative international accounting history perspective, this study conducts a comparative analysis of archival records from two monasteries, examining how their accounting and managerial practices were influenced by differing institutional logics. The research relies on systematic archival data collection, complemented by secondary sources, to analyze how religious beliefs shaped the accounting and management practices of these institutions and the degree of convergence between the two. Findings This study found that both monasteries adapted their accounting and management practices to their external environments. San Placido demonstrated resilience amidst disruptions such as wars and earthquakes, while Silos showed financial sophistication through diverse income streams. The resilience of these institutions was driven by their ability to align internal operations with external political, economic and social factors. This adaptability, coupled with strategic management, enhanced their capacity to maintain financial stability, illustrating the direct link between external changes, organizational resilience and improved financial health. Research limitations/implications This study highlights the historical interplay between religious principles and accounting management practices in Benedictine monasteries by comparing two monasteries. It reveals how external environments shape internal operations, showcasing the resilience and adaptability of these institutions in maintaining financial sustainability through the alignment of external pressures with internal resilience mechanisms, which in turn bolster their financial health. Originality/value This research contributes valuable insights to historical managerial and accounting literature, shedding light on the financial resilience and strategies used by Benedictine monasteries. It underscores the enduring respectful legacy of their accounting practices and the unique interplay between spiritual devotion and organizational structure within these institutions.

Critical Success Factors and Acceptance of the Casemix System Implementation Within the Total Hospital Information System: Exploratory Factor Analysis of a Pilot Study.

The health care landscape is evolving rapidly due to rising costs, an aging population, and the increasing prevalence of diseases. To address these challenges, the Ministry of Health of Malaysia implemented transformation strategies such as the Casemix system and hospital information system to enhance health care quality, resource allocation, and cost-effectiveness. However, successful implementation relies not just on the technology itself but on the acceptance and engagement of the users involved. This study aims to develop and refine items of a quantitative instrument measuring the critical success factors influencing acceptance of Casemix system implementation within the Ministry of Health's Total Hospital Information System (THIS). A cross-sectional pilot study collected data from medical doctors at a hospital equipped with the THIS in the federal territory of Putrajaya, Malaysia. This pilot study's minimum sample size was 125, achieved through proportionate stratified random sampling. Data were collected using a web-based questionnaire adapted from the human, organization, and technology-fit evaluation framework and the technology acceptance model. The pilot data were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and the Cronbach α assessed internal reliability. Both analyses were conducted in SPSS (version 25.0; IBM Corp). This study obtained 106 valid responses, equivalent to an 84.8% (106/125) response rate. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure of sampling adequacy was 0.859, and the Bartlett test of sphericity yielded statistically significant results (P<.001). Principal component analysis identified 9 components explaining 84.07% of the total variance, surpassing the minimum requirement of 60%. In total, 9 unique slopes indicated the identification of 9 components through EFA. While no new components emerged from the other 7 constructs, only the organizational factors construct was divided into 2 components, later named organizational structure and organizational environment. In total, 98% (41/42) of the items had factor loadings of >0.6, leading to the removal of 1 item for the final instrument for the field study. EFA ultimately identified 8 main constructs influencing Casemix implementation within the THIS: system quality, information quality, service quality, organizational characteristics, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, intention to use, and acceptance. Internal reliability measured using the Cronbach α ranged from 0.914 to 0.969, demonstrating high reliability. This study provides insights into the complexities of EFA and the distinct dimensions underlying the constructs that influence Casemix system acceptance in the THIS. While the findings align with extensive technology acceptance literature, the results accentuate the necessity for further research to develop a consensus regarding the most critical factors for successful Casemix adoption. The developed instrument is a substantial step toward better understanding the multidimensional challenges of health care system transformations in Malaysia, postulating an underpinning for future fieldwork and broader application across other hospitals.

The meaning of organizational culture and structure for interprofessional collaboration

Abstract In Germany, early neurological rehabilitation (ENR) acts as a link between acute inpatient care and rehabilitation, aiming to restore patients’ ability to rehabilitate amid their complex clinical conditions. Interprofessional cooperation (IPC) is crucial for harmonized treatment due to patients’ vulnerability. An interprofessional team comprising medical, nursing, and various therapy professionals is essential for this purpose. To explore the meaning of organizational culture and structure to IPC, 15 group discussions in 5 clinics were conducted with n = 76 participants. 1. Weekly team meetings are used to coordinate treatment goals and outcomes, but their implementation varies from clinic to clinic. Two types of meetings were identified: those that focus primarily on billing compliance and others that address patients’ long-term perspectives. However, both require additional social service involvement and are not sufficient to adequately address daily tasks, requiring additional IPC coordination. Some clinics have therefore introduced daily meetings to improve the coordination of IPC tasks. 2. Therapy planning and therapist assignment shape IPC and task fulfillment. Three therapy planning methods were observed: centralized, block-based, and flexible, each with different therapist allocation strategies. Centralized planning with flexible allocation leads to appointment pressure and interprofessional communication challenges. Block therapy reduces therapist turnover and promotes better interprofessional coordination in patient care. Flexible therapy planning is conducted through daily interprofessional meetings with shared task allocation and planning leads to a shared understanding. Initial analysis underscores the meaning of organizational structure on interprofessional task fulfillment in ENR, emphasizing the importance of enhancing different cooperation formats which can balance stability and flexibility and integrate social services effectively in patientcare. Key messages • Morning interprofessional meetings on the ward facilitate flexible responses to daily changes in patients’ health conditions and promote interprofessional collaboration. • The consideration of occupational group-specific processes in ward organization is a necessary structural prerequisite for successful interprofessional collaboration.

Organizational Structure and Its Connection with the Justice Views of Police Officers

Organizational Structure and Its Connection with the Justice Views of Police Officers

Enhancing Health Literacy Among Disadvantaged Youth: A Participatory Approach in School Settings

Abstract Background School-based health literacy interventions have the potential to significantly impact the health of disadvantaged youth. However, the effectiveness of such interventions varies. The aim of the ‘health literacy among youth’-intervention was to improve the health literacy of disadvantaged youth in two school settings in Denmark. Methods The intervention began with identifying the health literacy needs of 128 students. Groups of teachers from each school participated in workshops facilitated by the research team to develop activities to address the specific needs of the students. Over the course of one school year (August 2023 to May 2024), these activities were implemented. Questionnaires were administered to students before, during, and after the intervention, and semi-structured interviews were conducted among teachers and students. Results Teachers at each school created activities aligned with the organizational structure and the needs of the students, focusing on occupational diseases and injuries, and physical activity and mental well-being, respectively. However, contextual factors such as time constraints, students’ characteristics, and teachers’ professional backgrounds and varying levels of motivation, influenced the implementation. Conclusions The intervention design offered flexibility in tailoring health literacy activities and their implementation to suit the unique contexts of the two schools. While the participatory approach facilitated targeted and organizationally aligned health interventions, its feasibility varied across contexts. Our findings highlight the importance of involving participants in developing health interventions to ensure relevance and alignment with specific needs of the target group. Key messages • Despite contextual similarities, the outcome of participatory intervention approaches may vary across contexts. • Co-creation contribute to health literacy interventions that are tailored the needs of the target group.

The IHR Journey: Past Lessons and Future Directions

Abstract The International Health Regulations (IHR), established in 1969 and revised in 2005, represent a binding framework for 196 countries to combat global health threats. Historically, the IHR emerged in response to the need for a collective defence against the spread of infectious diseases. In the present, the IHR provides a legal structure for the World Health Organization (WHO) and its member states to report public health emergencies of international concern, ensuring a coordinated, prompt, and effective response. As we look towards the future, the IHR’s role is pivotal in addressing the complexities of global health security. The emergence of novel pathogens, the risk of bioterrorism, and the impact of climate change on disease patterns call for the evolution of the IHR. Such ammendments comprise: increasing clarity on multilevel jurisdiction; defining a pandemic emergency; introducing the concept of quarantine as a public health measure; stressing a compromise and solidarity approach between States Parties; reinforcing the need for bidirectional action between the WHO and States Parties; underlining cargo, as well as passengers, as relevant for public health measures; certificate digitalisation; among others. Strengthening the IHR is essential for a proactive approach to health policy, ensuring preparedness and resilience against any health crisis that may arise, although it remains in great controversy the right balance between the respect of national sovereignty and supranational impositions over national, democratically elected governments. Calling upon this reflection aims to bridge the gap felt in most WHO’s member states.

Social Infrastructure and Organizational Resilience - A Theoretical Model

Abstract Background Considering resilience as a necessity for health care organisations (HCOs), many researchers argue that fluidity is a must and that organisational structures (formal and informal) hinder the adaptability and resilience of health care organisations. Contrary to this statement, my thesis posits that fundamental adaptive processes leading to new equilibria depend on a stable core that persists amidst change, enabling and catalysing these transformations. Methods The phenomenon of resilience within healthcare organisations is examined through the lens of sociological systems theory. Rooted in Talcott Parsons’ assertion that social systems, including healthcare organisations, must perform four basic functions (Adaptation, Goal Achievement, Integration, Latency: AGIL) to survive and function, our research uses the deductive method to derive the necessary structural social components required to cope with external demands. Results The application of the methods yields four complex basic structures rooted in the social structure of healthcare organisations: adaptive structures (flexible structures &amp; resource generating structures), goal achievement structures (governance enabling collective goal setting, decision making and persistence), integrative structures (social capital and social networks) and sustainability structures (socialisation structure, knowledge base, organisational culture). Conclusions As the core of stability, this ‘four-component social infrastructure’ is essential for facilitating higher-order forms of resilience, such as new equilibria. In its absence, healthcare organisations would flounder during change, posing risks to the resilience of these HCOs. Thus, structure is indeed inherent in the chaos of resilience activities. In other words, there is order in the chaos of resilience, and it is essential. Key messages • Fundamental adaptive processes leading to new equilibria depend on a stable core that persists amidst change, enabling and catalysing these transformations. • There is order and structure in the chaos of resilience.

The role of the organisational context in the implementation of a complex mental health intervention

Abstract Introduction The 2021 framework for complex interventions introduced by the UK Medical Research Council highlights context as one of the core elements. In the implementation phase, context is considered especially critical as it affects the intervention’s effect, sustainability, and transferability. However, in public health implementation research, there is a lack of understanding of the interrelatedness between intervention and context conditions. This study aimed to explore the role of the organisational context in implementing a complex mental health intervention. Methods The study was designed as an ethnographic case study. This design enabled a comprehensive exploration of the relation between the case and its context by providing insights into the process of change implied in the implementation and how this collides with the organisational norms, culture, and structure. Four general practices participating in The Healthy Mind Intervention were included as cases. One-person interviews with clinic owners, focus group interviews with personnel, and observations of intervention activities and everyday life in the practices were used to collect data. Results Three themes were identified. First, existing organisational norms, ideals, and values were replicated in the implementation process and either inhibited or facilitated the process of change. Second, different narratives of both implementation and context existed among some of the professional groups, which complicated the collaborative efforts in the implementation. Last, conflicts in the organisations were actualised in the implementation process, which enabled a discussion and improvement of these issues. Conclusions Ethnographic case studies provide extensive insights into the role of the organizational context in implementing complex interventions, which is critical for the implementation to be effective, qualified, and sustainable.

Exploring the Psychosocial Impact of Hospitalization for COVID-19: Insights from Patient Experiences

Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic has severely tested the organizational structure and operational effectiveness of healthcare systems. We aimed to explore the experiences of patients who have been hospitalized due to COVID-19. Methods Employing purposive sampling, semi-structured interviews were conducted covering eight topics: 1) the experience of COVID-19 diagnosis, 2) the most difficult moments during hospitalization, 3) difficulties related to hospital conditions and safety protocols, 4) interactions with healthcare professionals, 5) received support, 6) social stigma, 7) concerns about the future, and 8) post-COVID and long COVID syndrome. Twelve individuals (six women and six men; mean age 57.5 (SD = 13) years; mean length of stay 18.1 (SD = 3.1) days) participated. The data analysis was carried out using the phenomenological method according to Colaizzi. Results Patients reported a spectrum of emotions including loneliness, isolation, abandonment, disappointment, insecurity and fear of death. Interactions with healthcare professionals revealed a dichotomy: experiences of respectful, reassuring care contrasted with encounters lacking psycho-emotional support within an impersonal healthcare setting. Conclusions This study sheds light on the experiences of patients on the nursing wards and their psychosocial burden. Most of them reported negative emotions such as loneliness, isolation, sadness, fear and anxiety rather than positive experiences such as hope, interpersonal connectedness, self-identity, empathy, caring and safety. Key messages • The study highlights psychosocial challenges for COVID-19 patients, emphasizing the urgent need for robust support systems. • The study provides insights for future similar situations and highlights the need for adaptable care models based on principles such as empathy, safety and personalized approaches.

Influence of process-focused patient care on clinical outcomes among hospitalized heart failure patients in the cardiology ward

Abstract Background The implementation of a process-oriented organizational structure in patient care allows for a comprehensive and optimized approach. In the context of heart failure (HF), it remains uncertain whether the establishment of a specialized hospitalisation team can contribute to improved major clinical outcomes. Purpose To analyse the rates of all-cause hospitalisation, cardiovascular hospitalization, HF hospitalization and overall mortality at 180 days among patients admitted to the Cardiology ward for HF, both prior to and after the implementation of a specialized HF hospitalisation team. Methods The study included all patients discharged from the Cardiology department with HF as the primary diagnosis and subsequent outpatient follow-up by the Community HF Unit in both 2019 and 2022. Clinical outcomes were compared between two distinct periods: the pre-implementation year of 2019 and the subsequent year of 2022, characterized by process-oriented HF care. Statistical analyses were performed using Kaplan-Meier and adjusted Cox proportional-hazards models. Results A total of 140 patients were enrolled in the study, comprising 55 individuals receiving care from a conventional ward team in 2019 and 85 under the specialized HF team in 2022. The mean age of the cohort was 69.4 years (+/-11.8), with a mean LVEF of 40.6%. The pre-implementation group showed a higher percentage of male patients (73% vs. 47%; p=0.003) and LVEF was lower in the HF team period (38.9% vs. 43.4%; p=0.045), with no statistically significant differences in other baseline variables. As shown in figure 1, over 180 days of follow-up, 15 patients (27.6%) were admitted to hospital in the conventional ward team period and 13 (15.3%) in the HF team period (hazard ratio [HR] 0.44; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.19 to 0.99; P=0.047). Of these hospitalisations, 13 patients (23.6%) in pre-implementation period and 10 (11.8%) in post-implementation period were attributed to cardiovascular events (HR 0.40; 95% CI 0.16 to 0.99; P=0.049). Additionally, there was a reduction in the rate of heart failure admissions in the post-implementation period compared to the pre-implementation time (HR 0.30; 95% CI 0.09 to 0.94; P=0.039). Furthermore, a significant decline in all-cause of death was observed in patients treated by HF-team in 2022 compared to patients receiving care from the conventional ward team (log-rank test, p=0.015). Conclusions The implementation of a process-oriented organizational model within the Cardiology unit consisting in the provision of patient care by a team specialized in HF management, is associated with a statistically significant reduction in major clinical outcomes such as all-cause hospitalization, cardiovascular hospitalization and HF readmission, alongside a reduction in overall mortality rates at 180 days.

Centralization or decentralization? Power allocation in team innovation management.

Power disparity, as an important form of internal team hierarchy, presents a "double-edged sword effect". To reconcile the inconsistent effects and systematically explore the different mechanisms of power disparity, this study constructs a comprehensive theoretical model based on power functionalism and power conflict theory, with team coordination and team conflict as dual mediators, and power legitimacy as moderator. By collecting valid questionnaires from 76 teams across 27 different types of companies in various regions, statistical analysis and hypothesis testing were conducted on the data. The results conclude that power disparity positively influences team innovation performance through the team coordination path and negatively affects it through the team conflict path. However, under the moderating effect of power legitimacy, the negative effect of the team conflict path is suppressed, and the positive effect of the team coordination path is strengthened, thus ensuring that power disparity has a positive effect on team innovation performance. This study provides a useful reference for designing the power hierarchy within enterprises, and offers profound insights into effective organizational structure and decision-making processes.

Reorganisation of the emergency network in the province of Verona

Abstract Background In recent years, in the provincial context of Verona, has been perceived an increasing pressure on the Emergency Room (ER). There was therefore a need to identify possible actions to optimize the emergency network. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of the first corrective measure implemented: the redistribution of the municipalities’ afferences. Methods Data on the actual number of beds in each facility and on the emergency equipment were obtained from the various medical directions. Once the population/bed index had been calculated, it was adjusted according to the characteristics of the various facilities. Based on these data, the redistribution of afferences was carried out. The period monitored in the study covers the first three months after the reorganisation (January 2024) in comparison with the same period in 2023. The data collected were used to calculate both activity indicators for the PS and the Urgent Emergency Medical Service (UEMS). Results With a stable number of calls recorded in the two periods examined (20,366 in 2023 and 20,255 in 2024), with regard to the locations affected by the redistribution of municipalities, there is a decrease in the number of ambulance calls in San Bonifacio (-7.5%) and Villafranca (-16.2%) and an increase in Peschiera (+13.6%) and Negrar (+16.5%) compared to the quarter of the year 2023. There is no significant increase in Borgo Roma. Conclusions The organizational structure of the emergency services in the province of Verona is part of a highly complex framework. In any case, this first change has proved to be effective in addressing some of the factors influencing the contribution of the ER, but the overall impact and extent of the change will have to be studied in depth in order to optimize the network as much as possible. Key messages • The reorganisation of such a complex area is a very difficult challenge, but the path we are taking seems to be the right one. • It will also be necessary to act at the level of the internal processes of each ER in order to successfully complete the reorganization.

Strategic Management Practices and Teaching Performance in Business Administration Institutions, Tanzania

Strategic management practices (SMPs) are very indispensable in a vastly competitive environment of the organizations. Such importance involves several studies on the influence of SMPs on organizational performance and not on individual employee performance. Furthermore, the given studies are done in purely business sector and not in education sector. The studies done in education sector was on research performance and not teaching performance. Therefore, this study assessed an influence of SMPs on teaching performance among academic staff in Business Administration Institutions (BAIs). It specifically determined the influence of innovation strategy, organizational structure, innovation culture and technological capability on teaching performance in BAIs. This study used quantitative approach through descriptive and explanatory survey designs. The data were collected using a questionnaire from 500 academic staff sampled using a multi-stage sampling technique. The data were analyzed using Descriptive Statistics and Multiple Linear Regressions. The findings reveal that, the SIM practices (innovation strategy, organizational structure, innovation culture) positively and significantly influence teaching performance of academic staff. On the other hand, the SIM practice (technological capability) did not statistically influence teaching performance. The management and other stakeholders should continue to advocate innovation strategy, organizational structure and innovation culture management while improving technological capability in BAIs.

Research on Collaborative Strategy of Supply Chain Management under the Background of NIKE Mass Customization

Abstract: With the continuous advancement of technology and the popularization of the Internet, consumers' demand for personalized products is increasingly high. Traditional production modes have been unable to meet consumers' demands for product uniqueness and personalized experiences, which requires manufacturing enterprises to shift towards mass customization modes with unique advantages in production efficiency and cost control. Taking Nike as an example, this paper analyzes its supply chain problems based on its financial report. It then explores Nike's mass customization process using C2M and 3D printing, as well as information collaboration methods in the supply chain. Additionally, the paper analyzes AR-based virtual fitting technology and evaluates Nike's internal matrix organizational structure for customization and collaboration. From the perspectives of Nike's technology level and internal organizational structure, this paper analyzes the supply chain management and information collaboration process in its mass customization process, aiming to provide references for related manufacturing industries in enterprise operation and technology application during the mass customization process.

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION IN POST-CONFLICT RECONSTRUCTION: UKRAINIAN REALITIES AND INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE

The problem of post-conflict reconstruction amidst an ongoing war is particularly relevant due to the necessity of balancing two key objectives: the rapid rebuilding of infrastructure essential for the functioning of society and the implementation of reforms aimed at enhancing the state’s investment attractiveness, promoting socio-economic modernization, and introducing modern educational standards. The fulfillment of these tasks is closely tied to the role of public authorities, which serve as the primary agents of the reconstruction process – from assessing the extent of destruction to integrating new practices and mechanisms in the context of socio-economic transformation. The purpose of this article is to examine global practices applicable to the post-war reconstruction of Ukraine, taking into account its specific circumstances. The research methodology combines institutional and structural-functional approaches, enabling an analysis of how institutional transformations impact the implementation of recovery projects. The methods employed include document analysis, case studies, synthesis, and generalization. The study concludes that Ukraine requires both the adoption of global best practices in post-conflict reconstruction and the development of its own mechanisms, tailored to the specific nature of the destruction and occupation. The research also reveals that Ukraine needs differentiated recovery strategies for areas under its control and those still occupied. Additionally, the role of public authorities is emphasized as critical, requiring improvements in management practices and the establishment of safeguards against corruption and abuse. It is further demonstrated that the recovery process necessitates enhancements in both the legislative framework and the organizational structure of public authorities, with a focus on incorporating prioritization and planning principles across different levels of recovery efforts. Lastly, digital technologies are highlighted as instrumental in advancing recovery objectives, as they can streamline administrative processes, improve Ukraine’s investment rating, facilitate the compensation process for war-damaged property, and assist communities in executing recovery projects.

The Identity of Keris Banyumas In the Film Keris Kyai Sela And Its Contextualization with The Strengthening of Penginyongan Culture

This study aims to describe the existence of women in the perlon unggahan ritual procession of the Bonokeling indigenous community. The research employs a qualitative method with an empirical or field research approach. Data collection methods include in-depth interviews, observation, document analysis, and literature review. The findings reveal that women hold significant roles and statuses within the Bonokeling community. This is due to an awareness of gender equality in the Bonokeling community, reflecting its egalitarian character. In the traditional ceremonies of the Bonokeling community, women have productive, reproductive, and socio-cultural roles. Women are actively involved in and perform religious duties during the perlon ritual. For the Bonokeling community or lineage, perlon unggahan holds highly sacred value and serves as a spiritual path (religious practice). Women serve in key roles such as nyai wadon kunci and further down the organizational structure (nyai wadon kunci, nyai wadon bedogol, etc.). Their roles include: (a) Nyai wadon kunci assists the duties of kyai kunci; (b) Nyai wadon bedogol assists the duties of kyai bedogol; and (c) women perform specific tasks in the perlon unggahan as predetermined.

Who champions environmental sustainability? A stakeholder’s analysis of public assembly venues

PurposeDespite an abundance of literature regarding the motivations of sport and entertainment managers to adopt environmentally sustainable practices (ESPs) within their venue, there is little offered on which particular stakeholders motivate such action. This study examined the venues which host such events to identify the stakeholders who influence the adoption of ESPs, their specific roles and to highlight salient stakeholders who primarily motivate ESP adoption.Design/methodology/approachGuided by stakeholder theory as a framework for analysis, a qualitative study was employed which consisted of sixteen semi-structured interviews with venue personnel including presidents, general managers, operations directions and recycling coordinators. Participants were asked to discuss their venue’s management structure, stakeholder relations and ESPs.FindingsInternal stakeholders – particularly ownership and operations personnel – were salient stakeholders motivating ESP adoption, but the most unique stakeholder identified was that of a motivated “doer” from no particular role who simply possessed the power, legitimacy and urgency to act on ESPs. Thus, there was no single, identifiable stakeholder role to champion ESPs so much as there was a motivated, normatively legitimate stakeholder who wanted to be that champion.Originality/valueThis research contributes to the growing sport ecology literature and is the first to present the idea of a non-particular, doer stakeholder to champion ESPs within this industry rather than one with a more defined role within organizational structure.

Research on the Functions and Obstacles of Rural Social Organizations in Rural Governance from the Perspective of Structural Functionalism

Since the reform and opening up, with the transformation of the national governance model, my country's rural social structure has undergone earth-shaking changes. The multi-center governance subject structure has gradually replaced the traditional single governance subject structure and has become the main model for the management of rural social public affairs in my country. As an important subject in governance activities, rural social organizations play a key role in promoting farmers' collective actions and nurturing grassroots democracy. As an important part of the rural social structure, rural social organizations not only have their structure and functions rooted in the transformation of the social structure, but their changes and development also play an important role in the transformation of the social structure. From the perspective of structural functionalism, analyzing the role and function of rural social organizations in the rural social structure has positive theoretical value and practical significance for achieving the effective fit of the structure and function of rural social organizations and building a benign management order in rural society under the background of the rural revitalization strategy.

Enhancing Reusability Practices in Massive Online Open Courses

Over the past decade, the emergence of Massive Online Open Courses (MOOCs) has profoundly transformed the distance learning landscape, capturing the attention of both higher education and professional institutions. This surge of interest has not only spurred the development of innovative teaching and learning methods but has also led to a re-evaluation of content production and reuse strategies. In fact, when producing MOOCs, multiple resources and efforts are dedicated to creating a considerable amount of learning material. This is often housed within the learning environment, which serves as a sort of repository and it is accessible by learners throughout the course. However, due to a lack of management support or internal organisational structure, the use of this material sometimes remains limited to the existence of the MOOC, causing it not to be actively employed and exploited after the course has ended. Lately, issues regarding MOOCs’ content management have raised critical questions about the long-term sustainability, reusability and management of the created online learning material even after the end of the online course. By using as a case study the three interlinked MOOCs on European History, Law and Governance developed in the framework of the KU Leuven programme in European Studies and the effort invested in both the planning and afterlife of the MOOC, this paper provides an overview of the formulas adopted to enhance learning content reusability. Drawing from KU Leuven’s extensive experience in creating humanities-focused MOOCs, this collection of interconnected online courses represents a novel attempt at offering a series of educational courses that are designed to complement each other not only in terms of content but also in terms of content management. Also, by contributing to the discussion on MOOCs' reusability this paper intends to emphasise the importance of establishing clear guidelines to enhance educational content reuse, ultimately contributing to the long-term educational value of MOOCs.