Project Organization Research Articles

Організація контролю викидів шкідливих речовин цементного заводу

The increase in cement production at the existing cement plants of Ukraine may lead to an increase in emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere due to the intensification of technological processes. The second way to increase cement production is to design and build new cement plants. In this case, at the stage of project development, it is important to take into account the requirements for the control of air pollution during the operation of the cement plant. The issues of organization of control of air pollution by industrial dust of cement plant by creation of new and operation of the existing fixed points and route posts of control of concentration of industrial dust in atmospheric air are considered in the work. The number and location of the fixed checkpoints for the concentration of industrial dust depends on the number of people living close to the enterprise, and in the case of construction of new plants, it may be necessary to organize additional fixed points. As a result of the reorganization of the Sanitary and Epidemiological Service of Ukraine, the abolition of some regulations, some functions of sanitary supervision were transferred to the State Food and Consumer Service of Ukraine and the State Environmental Service of Ukraine, so there is a need to consider the organization of project of organization of construction of new enterprises. The author considers the requirements of the current State Sanitary Rules for Atmospheric Air Protection of Settlements (from chemical and biological pollution), the method of calculating concentrations in the air of harmful substances contained in emissions of enterprises, standards of Ukraine for air quality control. Conclusions: intensification of technological processes at cement plants leads to an increase in emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere, which requires constant monitoring of air pollution. Due to the abolition of some regulations and standards, it is necessary to consider the organization of control of emissions of harmful substances from cement plants in accordance with current standards of control bodies. To take into account the development of the project of organization of construction of the cement plant system of external control over emissions of harmful substances at stationary and route checkpoints.

Опыт организации предмета «Индивидуальный проект» в старшей школе

The Federal State Educational Standard of Secondary General Education presupposes the mandatory implementation of the course “Individual Project”, the logical conclusion of which is the protection of one of the selected types of work by the student: project or research. This actu-alizes the expansion of approaches to teaching and learning, the system of accompanying teachers for the effective organization of project and research activities of students in educational organizations at the level of secondary general education. The approach of organizing the subject “Individual Project” in high school is presented. The main stages of organizing project and research activities within the framework of the above subject are identified and clarified, namely, ascertaining – preparing students for independent activity, distinguishing between the concepts of “educational project” and “educational research”, which included two blocks: 1) “immersion” by students in project activities, 2) “immersion” by students in research activities; organizational – stimulation of students' mental and activity processes, consisting of blocks aimed at 3) the development of search and analytical activities, 4) fixing the distinctive characteristics of the object and subject of research, 5) development of planning and goal-setting skills, 6) development of presentation and communication skills; designing – developing skills in working with scientific and educational literature, academic writing; instrumental – acquaintance with the organization and conduct of the experimental part of the study, development of the final product; constructive – finalization of the study/project, taking into account the comments and suggestions, the design of the text of the work, public defense before the commission. A number of practical and laboratory works carried out in the classroom are considered.

Algorithm for assessment of investment potential project organization

Algorithm for assessment of investment potential project organization

Multi Structures-Scales (MSS) in Project Execution Management (PEM)

This research study focuses on project organization structure, multi-tasking, issues, challenges, and limitations that occur during the project execution for a conventional and virtual team. This research aims to understand the importance of the technical labor force in the organization and fill the human resources gap in project engineering, construction, and management implementation. The project is unique and must be dealt with highly technical by the project team. Projects might be the same structure and scale but in different conditions, parameters, and requirements. In general, dealing with and executing other projects is challenging. The design guidelines are formatted, although not entirely the same. The process model uses model-based optimization to compare the conventional and virtual MSS organizational structures to optimize, innovate, and multi-tasking project staff, personnel, and direct technical members. The study will include the importance of global virtual teams (GVT) and the contribution of software collaboration, including cloud-based software (CBS). Multi structures-scales (MSS) concept can be a diversified, optimized, and innovative way to increase team effectiveness, technical dependence, and utilize existing resources. It uses organizational productivity and the individual living of project team members. However, even though the MSS concept seeks to lower the labor cost and reduce individual participation, the labor issue, technical workforce, challenges, disputes, and other problems are not inevitable. As a result, in this implementation, the corporate organization will solidify the project team structure into multi-project execution even to long-term employment and operation. The PE/S can perform simultaneously in different stages of the same type of project. In contrast, a PM can perform additional steps even on other kinds of projects. Furthermore, in the study, PS and PM can effectively function if not more than three (3) projects; otherwise, low-performance evaluation and low-quality product results occur. In this regard, further study and research related to this topic for better implementation in the field.

Governance Mechanism of Weighted Network Primitives for National Major Cluster Projects

In order to optimize the stakeholder relationships of national major cluster projects and to improve cluster project network management, this study uses complex network theory to construct an undirected weighted network for projects of the National Quality Engineering Award, retrieves weighted 3-node and 4-node subgraphs, analyses the composition and practical significance of the subgraphs, and makes suggestions for network governance of national major cluster projects. The results show that contractual governance occupies a more central position in the network governance of cluster project organizations and that relational governance remains an important tool for improving cluster project management performance. Nevertheless, relational governance cannot replace contractual governance as the central position in the public project governance framework. A combination of both strategies can be used in the corresponding practical situations.

Government inter-organizational, digital transformation projects: five key lessons learned from a Norwegian case study

The purpose of this paper is to gain knowledge about how to manage digital transformation projects in a government context. We analyze a government digital transformation project from its initiation to its end and reflect upon the process and the outcome. The case project did not achieve its intended objectives and therefore provided us with insights on contextual factors and decisions made that contributed to its failure. The results are presented as five key lessons learned. The lessons learned from the case study show that extensive focus on the technology, and selecting, and introducing the digital enabler, might have overshadowed other important concerns, such as early involvement of important stakeholder groups, and implementation of suitable technological platforms that would be fit for purpose to achieve the intended benefits for various stakeholder groups. Even though the intended e-services were not delivered as planned, the project organization learned a lot: in collaborating with government agencies representing different sectors, handling demanding financing schemes across sectors, and making decisions in a project regime that lacked sufficient governance structures.

A Policy Ethnography Study of a Singapore Regional Health System on Its Governance Adaptations and Associated Challenges as a Project Organisation to Implement Healthier Singapore

A Policy Ethnography Study of a Singapore Regional Health System on Its Governance Adaptations and Associated Challenges as a Project Organisation to Implement Healthier Singapore

Study on Performance Factors of Public Building Construction Project in Assosa Zone

Construction industry is highly competitive and a job creator for a different groups of expertise such as owners, consultants, contractors and other shareholders. General objectives is to assess the effects of issues determining the presentation of public building construction project in Assosa Zone. The research was used quantitative design; the data was collected from owners, consultants, and contractors using questionnaires and interviews. The performance problems of which the respondents were asked to rank each according to the five-point Likert scale. The results of this research identified 74 factors influencing the performance of public building construction project. From among factors escalation of material prices, unavailability of resources as planned through project duration, sequencing of work according to schedule, differentiation of currency prices, leadership skills of project manager, are the top five significant factors in Assosa zone. To accomplish the public building construction project without delay the clients should hire a specialized engineer and the consultant should give training for the project organization. The contractors should be using the qualified employees with good experience to avoid any problems during construction of the project.

Some aspects of foreign practice in counteracting premeditated murders by criminal police units

Some aspects of the international experience in counteracting premeditated murder by criminal police units have been studied. The main factors and features of formation and development of directions in counteraction to premeditated murders have been defined, the available models of counteraction to premeditated murders in activity of police divisions of separate countries have been allocated and analyzed.
 Based on the analysis of existing models and programmes to combat premeditated murder in some Western countries, our own model of counteraction to premeditated murder has been proposed, which needs to be implemented in Ukraine. The practice of development and implementation of measures of state, regional and city complex programmes of counteraction to criminal illegality in Ukraine deserves special attention. Premeditated homicide prevention programmes should be implemented with the broad involvement of various sections of the population, the public and volunteer movements on a European model. In order to activate Ukrainian youth to participate in various programmes aimed at crime prevention, it is necessary to use the experience of countries such as the Netherlands or Israel. Such positive experience should be the subject of separate study and implementation in Ukraine. Internal state policy should be formed on the development and implementation of such programmes. The main ways to promote the participation of citizens in the provision of voluntary free police assistance in combating criminal offenses can be: a) the creation of appropriate social advertising, which must be distributed on the Internet; b) popularization of the volunteer movement and voluntary groups of student youth in higher education institutions; c) organization of media projects to cover information on the number of volunteer units in Ukraine and individual cities, the results of their activities, achievements and future plans, speeches by the Minister of Internal Affairs, National Police Chief and other leaders on the specifics of police cooperation with citizens and benefits law enforcement agencies with the public and more.

Coping With Institutional Complexity and Voids: An Organization Design Perspective for Transnational Interorganizational Projects

This study investigates how transnational interorganizational projects (IOPs) cope with institutional complexity and voids. A case study of a cross-border gas pipeline suggests the coexistence of institutional complexity and voids that amplify collaboration hazards in developing transnational IOPs. Institutional complexity harms the feasibility of a unified form of organizing, whereas institutional voids sabotage the ability of involved organizations to collaborate in a market-based approach. A hybrid organization featured by modular structure, complementary advantages, and system integrator, was designed to navigate complex institutional environments. This study contributes to the project–organization–institution linkage by depicting the impacts of institutions on project organizing.

Identification of Factors Affecting Risk Appetite of Organizations in Selection of Mega Construction Projects

Risk appetite is a crucial component that plays a key role in the decision-making process of project risk management. Despite rising scholarly interest in project risk management, risk appetite has received little attention thus far. A well-defined risk appetite ensures that all decisions taken throughout the course of a project are consistent with an organization’s ultimate strategic aim. This research aims to identify the factors affecting the risk appetite of megaproject selection in the construction sector. The study adds to the knowledge of risk appetite in mega construction project selection and qualitatively examines the factors affecting risk appetite. Exploratory research design is used to identify these factors. The factors are identified using semi-structured interviews of 30 practitioners from the top and middle management working on mega construction projects. Thematic analysis was performed using NVIVO academic software. The most highlighted factors are financial attributes, board of directors’ agility, political factors, project location and demographics. The proposed conceptual framework identifies the factors affecting the risk appetite of mega construction project selection. These factors may be utilized as a starting point by construction project organizations to evaluate the risk appetite of a mega construction project. Risk appetite-based project selection will decrease chances of failures, delays, and cost overruns in mega-projects. These factors can be used by researchers as a rationale for developing predictive or descriptive models of project selection based on risk appetite.

Assessing the Duration of the Lead Appointed Party Coordination Tasks and Evaluating the Appropriate Team Composition on BIM Projects

This paper addresses critical success factors for the delivery of BIM projects. The lack of experience with BIM projects on both the demand and supply side often leads to insufficient project teams, unsatisfied clients, schedule, and cost overruns. In order to better structure and control the information delivery in BIM projects requirements, planning and delivery must be standardized. The latter was achieved by EIR (Exchange Information Requirements), new BIM roles, BEP (BIM Execution Plan), and specified digital handover, which must be supported by a common data environment (CDE). This paper provides an analysis of the characteristics of BIM project delivery and duration in Architectural and Engineering companies in Slovakia. The analysis is based on the web survey of BIM managers and coordinators, which reveals that a significant amount of BIM project efforts must be executed by BIM specialists. The results also graphically depict the scope of critical BIM activities across project phases. The presented study is relevant for various project stakeholders and allows for a deeper understanding of the resources needed for the successful delivery of BIM projects in terms of adequate project team capacity, capability, organization, and planning.

Conflict and Order in the Global Project Organization

The global project organization is a group of firms that comes together to complete a goal, such as the building of a bridge, the construction of a power plant, or the development of a new technology. These project organizations are complex as multiple firms with different operating norms, backgrounds, and organizational cultures coordinate and collaborate to avoid harmful conflict. Additionally, these project organizations navigate complex external environments as governments, local labor groups, and other stakeholders are often involved and impacted by project organization’s operations. In this research, I examine how the structure of the project organization, specifically how the concentration of power affects conflict and ultimately performance.

Agile Methodology and War Strategies

The history of humankind offers lots of remarkable ideas and innovations in strategy and tactics. There is no area where people have shown more inventiveness than defending themselves or attacking and conquering others. On the other hand, the Agile methodology emerged from software development, where it tried to provide support for the successful organization of delivery projects, that have to fight and conquer the complexity. This article evidences similarities between the Agile methodology and attacking and war strategies, making extended references to one of the most renowned military treaties: Sun Tzu's The Art of War. Making inter-disciplinary analogies, comparing and contrasting the concepts from different disciplines are at the core of this article. We'll investigate what things as initial estimations, attack by stratagem, tactical dispositions, energy, weak points, and strong points, maneuvering, variation in tactics, the army on the march, terrain, arriving on unknown ground, concrete situations on the ground, the use of spies, or what the attack by fire may mean in software development. We'll analyze how these war strategy concepts transpose to Agile concepts like adding business value, getting to the business goals, managing complexity, conducting the work the incremental and non-incremental way.

Co-construction of climate services based on a weather stations network: Application in Toulouse agglomeration local authority

This article provides insights into the development of climate services in Toulouse, France, based on an automated weather station network for microclimatic applications, such as urban heat island monitoring. Climate services are often thought of as a unique and complete entity that can be built by providers/sellers for users/buyers using different methods and degrees of involvement and participation. In this paper, the the local authority and its technical departments, helped by the national meteorological agency and researchers, were in charge of both providing and using the climate services. Each component, from network deployment to data production and their operational application, was directed by the local authority. Providers, users, products, and solutions were built from the ground up and developed over the last 5 years using the methodology of action research. This article discusses the possibility of understanding climate services by decomposing them into smaller components organized according to the disciplines, abilities, and challenges of each component to easily identify which actors in the local authority administrative organization can most effectively address them. Each component of the climate services based on a weather station network is discussed. This paper also describes how the governance and organization of climate services are built using action research. Co-construction processes with multiple actors encompassing multi-component projects, such as climate services, mobilize multiple disciplinary fields and require project management and organization. This article shows how the different components of the climate services in Toulouse have been integrated into different urban departments taking into consideration their competencies and their associated disciplinary fields with the goal of providing reproducible methods than can be applied elsewhere. The results indicate the real interest of urban departments in climate services. Some departments assumed responsibility for entire parts of the climate services. Their involvement reveals the complexity of truly integrating climate services as a transdisciplinary department into a public structure, in this case, the local authority. Managing the involvement and participation of all the stakeholders of the climate services implies organizing them using a governing body, even if they belong to the same organization or structure.

Ionizing radiations induce shared epigenomic signatures unraveling adaptive mechanisms of cancerous cell lines with or without methionine dependency

BackgroundAlthough radiation therapy represents a core cancer treatment modality, its efficacy is hampered by radioresistance. The effect of ionizing radiations (IRs) is well known regarding their ability to induce genetic alterations; however, their impact on the epigenome landscape in cancer, notably at the CpG dinucleotide resolution, remains to be further deciphered. In addition, no evidence is available regarding the effect of IRs on the DNA methylome profile according to the methionine dependency phenotype, which represents a hallmark of metabolic adaptation in cancer.MethodsWe used a case–control study design with a fractionated irradiation regimen on four cancerous cell lines representative of HCC (HepG2), melanoma (MeWo and MeWo-LC1, which exhibit opposed methionine dependency phenotypes), and glioblastoma (U251). We performed high-resolution genome-wide DNA methylome profiling using the MethylationEPIC BeadChip on baseline conditions, irradiated cell lines (cumulative dose of 10 Gy), and non-irradiated counterparts. We performed epigenome-wide association studies to assess the effect of IRs and methionine-dependency-oriented analysis by carrying out epigenome-wide conditional logistic regression. We looked for epigenome signatures at the locus and single-probe (CpG dinucleotide) levels and through enrichment analyses of gene ontologies (GO). The EpiMet project was registered under the ID#AAP-BMS_003_211.ResultsEWASs revealed shared GO annotation pathways associated with increased methylation signatures for several biological processes in response to IRs, including blood circulation, plasma membrane-bounded cell projection organization, cell projection organization, multicellular organismal process, developmental process, and animal organ morphogenesis. Epigenome-wide conditional logistic regression analysis on the methionine dependency phenotype highlighted several epigenome signatures related to cell cycle and division and responses to IR and ultraviolet light.ConclusionsIRs generated a variation in the methylation level of a high number of CpG probes with shared biological pathways, including those associated with cell cycle and division, responses to IRs, sustained angiogenesis, tissue invasion, and metastasis. These results provide insight on shared adaptive mechanisms of the epigenome in cancerous cell lines in response to IR. Future experiments should focus on the tryptic association between IRs, the initiation of a radioresistance phenotype, and their interaction with methionine dependency as a hallmark of metabolic adaptation in cancer.Graphical abstract

Application of Pipe Track Inner Mold Trolley Technology in Silver Pipe Track Project

This paper mainly introduces the research and application of the technical features, technological principles and construction procedures of the pipe track inner mold in the construction of the pipe track through the silver pipe track project. The inner mold system is composed of trolley support; with a combination of large mold instead of cabin mold scaffold system. The cabin mold scaffold system optimizes the cabin mold system construction from “scaffolding ? installation mold ? reinforcement ? mold removal ? scaffolding removal ? horizontal transfer” to “inner mold trolley installation and commissioning ? trolley in place ? support form ? release mold ? mold movement.” Reduce labor intensity, conserve construction consumables, and assure quality and safety by reducing the expansion, deconstruction, and transfer procedure of the mold and supporting structure. The occupation time of internal mold trolley in each structural construction section is reduced, the trolley turnover efficiency is improved, and the economic benefit is improved thanks to the central support of early mold removal in the workshop, which serves as a model for the construction organization and technical treatment of similar projects.

Transcriptome analysis of lncRNA expression patterns in human congenital lung malformations

ObjectivesTo explore the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) expression pattern of congenital lung malformations on a genome-wide scale and investigate their potential biological function in four subtypes of congenital lung malformations.MethodsWe obtained both lesions and normal lung control tissues from the patients diagnosed with CPAM-I, CPAM-II, ILS, and ILS-CPAM, and underwent lobectomy (i.e., surgical removal of the whole lobe which contains the localized lesion as well as normal lung tissue). Then, we performed lncRNA transcriptome profiling in these tissues by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). A comprehensive bioinformatics analysis was conducted to characterize the expression profiles and relevant biological functions and for multiple comparisons of lncRNA expression in the different subtypes of congenital lung malformation tissues. Furthermore, the lncRNA-mRNA co-expression network was constructed, and dysregulated mRNAs were functionally analyzed. Finally, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was used to predict the potential molecular mechanism of the identified lncRNAs.ResultsA total of 5921 lncRNA transcripts were identified between congenital lung malformations tissues and normal lung control tissues. Compared with normal lung control, 481of these expressed lncRNAs were upregulated and 142 were downregulated in CPAM-I, 91 were upregulated and 14 were downregulated in CPAM-II, 39 were upregulated and 38 were downregulated in ILS, and 201 were upregulated and 38 were downregulated in ILS-CPAM. Unsupervised clustering and principal component analysis of the expressed lncRNAs visualized the differences between normal lung control and different subtypes of congenital lung malformations samples. We also confirmed significant differences in the composition of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and the differentially expressed lncRNAs (DE lncRNAs) between CPAM-I and other subtypes of congenital lung malformations, as well as in normal lung control tissues, and observed enrichment of DEGs in the regulation of the immune system, cell projection organization, and inflammatory pathways. Finally, we identified the lncRNA FLJ26850 might be related to congenital lung malformations via ZNF473.ConclusionsSignificant differences in lncRNAs expression patterns were observed between different subtypes of congenital lung malformations and normal control. The lncRNA FLJ26850 might be related to congenital lung malformations via ZNF473.

Internal projects as strategic tools: an organisation-level perspective and a research agenda

PurposeThe purpose of this conceptual paper is to describe and explain how organisations use internal projects to implement organisation-level strategy objectives.Design/methodology/approachTheory development with an emphasis on explaining key constructs and their mutual relationships. The theoretical contribution is represented in a diagram along with a detailed verbal account.FindingsThe paper develops a dynamic, cross-level framework to illustrate the organisational processes and outcomes that determine project-based strategy implementation within a single organisation. The interplay between the base organisation and the project, and benefits realisation were singled out as key future research areas. The proposed framework engages with central discourses in the fields of project management, strategic management, innovation studies, knowledge management and organisation studies.Research limitations/implicationsOnly the contours of an organisation-level theory of strategically motivated internal projects are outlined. Future research must elaborate on the complexities, the non-linear relationships and the boundary conditions that follow from the proposed framework.Practical implicationsManagers are alerted to the strategic role of internal projects, how these projects help connect strategy and performance and what the accompanying organisational processes and outcomes look like.Originality/valueThe paper constitutes an early conceptual treatment of strategy-driven internal projects as a distinct project category, thus addressing a major knowledge gap in project studies. Organisational project-management theory is extended with suggestions for future research.

Designing industry 4.0 implementation from the initial background and context of companies

Industry 4.0 is a promising concept that allows industries to meet customers’ demands with flexible and resilient processes, and highly personalised products. This concept is made up of different dimensions. For a long time, innovative digital technology has been thought of as the only dimension to succeed in digital transformation projects. Other dimensions have been identified such as organisation, strategy, and human resources as key while rolling out digital technology in factories. From these findings, researchers have designed industry 4.0 theoretical models and then built readiness models that allow for analysing the gap between the company initial situation and the theoretical model. Nevertheless, this purely deductive approach does not take into consideration a company’s background and context, and eventually favours one single digital transformation model. This article aims at analysing four actual digital transformation projects and demonstrating that the digital transformation’s success or failure depends on the combination of two variables related to a company’s background and context. This research is based on a double approach: deductive and inductive. First, a literature review has been carried out to define industry 4.0 concept and its main dimensions and digital transformation success factors, as well as barriers, have been investigated. Second, a qualitative survey has been designed to study in-depth four actual industry digital transformation projects, their genesis as well as their execution, to analyse the key variables in succeeding or failing. 46 semi-structured interviews were carried out with projects’ members; interviews have been analysed with thematic content analysis. Then, each digital transformation project has been modelled regarding the key variables and analysed with regards to succeeding or failing. Investigated projects have consolidated the models of digital transformation. Finally, nine digital transformation models have been identified. Industry practitioners could design their digital transformation project organisation and strategy according to the right model.