Local Government Organizations Research Articles

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease prevalence in Australia has risen over 15years in conjunction with increased prevalence of obesity and reduction in healthy lifestyle.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent liver condition globally. The aim of this study was to evaluate the change in age- and sex-standardized prevalence of NAFLD in regional Victoria over a 15-year period and explore the underlying factors associated with differences over time. Repeated comparative cross-sectional studies in four towns in regional Victoria, Australia. Individuals randomly selected from households from residential address lists from local government organizations in 2001-2003 (CrossRoads I [CR1]) and 2016-2018 (CrossRoads II [CR2]) with 1040 (99%) and 704 (94%) participants from CR1 and CR2 having complete data for analysis. Primary outcome was change in prevalence estimates of NAFLD (defined by a fatty liver index≥60 in the absence of excess alcohol and viral hepatitis) between 2003 and 2018. Crude prevalence of NAFLD increased from 32.7% to 38.8% (P<0.01), while age-standardized/sex-standardized prevalence increased from 32.4% to 35.4% (P<0.01). Concurrently, prevalence of obesity defined by BMI and elevated waist circumference increased 28% and 25%, respectively. Women had a greater increase in the prevalence of NAFLD than men, in parallel with increasing prevalence of obesity. Proportion of participants consuming takeaway food greater than once weekly increased significantly over time. Up to 60% of NAFLD patients require additional tests for assessment of significant fibrosis. Crude and age-standardized/sex-standardized prevalence of NAFLD have both increased significantly over the last 15years, particularly among women, in association with a parallel rise in the prevalence of obesity.

UNIVERSAL DESIGN HOUSE MODEL FOR ELDERLY WITH LOW INCOME

This paper demonstrates the Universal Design (UD) house for Thai elderly with low income under the budget of 100,000 Baht (approximately 2,662 USD). Houses of older persons and people with disabilities mostly cannot be easily renovated because the house architectural structures are extremely dilapidated. The budget from Thai government for house renovation is insufficient, so additional budget from local government and other organizations is required to renovate or rebuild the elderly’s houses for their better quality of life. To ensure sufficient budget, policy makers should expand the budget to 100,000 Baht per household with criteria of the urgency of construction improvement, which are 1) environment, 2) health, 3) society, and 4) overall opinion of the community. The 100,000 UD house is designed and built as a 1:1 model that was first showed in Thailand Friendly Design Expo for satisfaction survey. Most of the participants agree that the budget should be increased (74.7%) and that the elderly’s house should be rebuilt (76.2%) rather than renovated (39.2%). The result on the 100,000 UD house model is that it should have at least the necessary zones, which are the sleeping area, bathroom, cooking area, area connected the sleeping area, and the multipurpose area that constitutes 30-40% of the total housing area. This research would be beneficial for the government in improving the quality of life of elderly, underprivileged people.

Effect Of Moral Equity, Locus Of Control, Environmental Uncertainty, Organizational Commitment, Reward, And Motivation On Budgetary Slack: Participatory Budgeting As A Moderating Variable

This study aimed to examine and analyze the effect of moral equity, locus ofcontrol, environment uncertainty, organizational commitment, reward, andmotivation onbudgetary slack: participative budgeting as a moderating variable. The population was all employees who worked at Local Government Organization in East Manggarai Sub-district. Moreover, the data collection technique used purposive sampling. In line with that, there were 115 employees as the sample. Furthermore, the instrument in the data collection technique used questionnaires. The research was quantitative. Additionally, the data analysis technique used multiple linear regression. As the result, it concluded that: (a) moral equity had a negative effect on budgetary slack; (b) locus of control had a negative effect on budgetary slack; (c) motivation had a negative effect on budgetary slack, (d) participative budgeting strengthened the effect of moral equity on budgetary slack; (e) environment uncertainty did not affect on budgetary slack: (f) organizational commitment did not affect budgetary slack; (g) reward did not affect budgetary slack; (h) participative budgeting did not moderate the effect of locus of control on budgetary slack; (i) participative budgeting did not moderate the effect of environment uncertainty om budgetary slack; (j) participative budgeting did not moderate the effect of organizational commitment on budgetary slack; (k) participative budgeting did not moderate the effect of reward on budgetary slack; and (l) participative budgeting did not moderate the effect of motivation on budgetary slack.

If managers feel safe, budget control becomes enabling. Evidence from a large local government organization in Sweden

Purpose The authors study how enabling perceptions (flexibility, reparability and internal and global transparency) of a budgetary control system are formed, and whether enabling perceptions empower lower-level managers and make them form less negative attitudes about red tape in the organization. This study research is warranted because of the lack of knowledge on how perceptual variation in flexibility, repairability and transparency of a control system within an organization, where managers experiencing the same control system design, can be explained.Design/methodology/approachSurvey data with answers from 211 managers from a large local government organization in Sweden is analyzed with structural equation modeling.FindingsThe extent to which the budget system is perceived as having enabling qualities (being flexible, reparable and transparent) is explained by the safeness of the individual manager's psychological climate. This climate is characterized by trust and fairness perceptions in upper management. In turn, enabling perceptions positively affect a sense of psychological empowerment and reduces attitudes toward red tape in the organization.Originality/valueThe authors contribute by identifying an important factor explaining individual-level variability in enabling perceptions of control systems within organizations. Compared to previous research that has taken an interest in the organizational-level climate, the authors theorize about and investigate (parts of) the individual-level psychological climate as an explanation of within-system variability.

Occupational stress and depression of Korean employees: Moderated mediation model of burnout and grit

BackgroundThe present study investigated an interpersonal model of development of depressive symptoms in employees, where occupational stress affects burnout, which in turn affects risk for depression, and whether this mediation is moderated by grit. MethodsA total of 11,421 participants, aged 19 to 65 years, who were employees of 18 private companies and local government organizations in Korea were included. They completed questionnaires, including the Korean version of occupational stress scale, Oldenburg Burnout Inventory, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale and Grit scale. Mediation and moderation analyses were carried out in the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences PROCESS macro. ResultsThe association between occupational stress and depressive symptoms was mediated by exhaustion (b = −0.256, 95 % CI [0.244, 0.268]) and disengagement (b = −0.052, 95 % CI [0.039, 0.065]). Moreover, the effect of exhaustion on depressive symptoms was moderated by each grit, with the effect being stronger for employees with low grit (b = 0.939, p < 0.001 for passion and b = 0.629, p < 0.001 for perseverance) than for those with high grit (b = 0.944, p < 0.001 for passion and b = 0.686, p < 0.001 for perseverance). LimitationsThe cross-sectional design of the study does not allow causal inferences. ConclusionsThese findings contribute to the understanding of how occupational stress predicts depressive symptoms in the workplace and provide practical implications for preventing burnout and nurturing grit to protect employees' mental health in the workplace.

Policy Analysis of Healthy Community Movement (Germas) during Pandemi COVID-19 in Yogyakarta

The social environment, including policies, is one of the instruments to encourage health promotion toward a healthy life, preventing and controlling COVID-19. This was to analyze the content, process, content and policy actors related toThe Healthy Community Movement (Germas) and the prevention of COVID-19 in Yogyakarta.We apply a-qualitative research of policy. We apply rapid assessment procedures (RAP) using focus group discussion (FGD) and desk review to observe various of policy from the government website. Research conducted in Yogyakarta from March to May 2021. Data was analysis by qualitative content analysis based on content, process, context, and actor categories. Results showed that policies related to Germas already exist at all levels, both national, provincial and district/city locally. According to policy content, Germas was movement to promote the culture/behavior of healthy living based on community empowerment, that were 7 points were physical activity, consuming fruits and vegetables, not smoking, not consuming alcoholic beverages, early detection and medical examination routine, clean healthy and lifestyle, and using toilet. Base on process, there were national, provincial, and local policy level. At the national level there was presidential instructions, regulations of the minister of national development planning, while governor's, regent’s policy at level province and region respectively. Locally, some policy regulate special context on COVID-19 preventing and controlling to increase awareness of the risk of transmission of COVID-19 infection in Yogyakarta. The policy actors were all of local government organizations, universities, CSR, and community. The conclusion is The Special Region of Yogyakarta already has many policies covering various sectors of life to support the implementation of Germas in the pandemic era and has been carried out by stakeholders, CSR, universities, and all of government

The theoretical and practical dilemma of creating a new organisational design for a municipality using sub-municipal units

Organisational design is an important factor in determining the survival of organisations. The organisation and design of municipalities and local government is no exception to that rule. Concluding an amalgamation process indicates that a new organisational design must be introduced. The rule of thumb is that such proposals do not deviate much from the organisational tradition of local government in country or region in question. However, there are exceptions to that rule. Following an amalgamation of four Icelandic municipalities in 2020 a new organisational design was introduced. Consequently, a municipality with submunicipal units was established for the first time in Iceland. Submunicipal councils with a mixture of directly and indirectly elected members were created in each of the previous four separate municipalities, creating a second administrative tier within the municipality. The aim of the new design was to address problems inherent in amalgamation processes such as alienation of smaller communities within the new municipality often resulting in feelings of low levels of democratic legitimacy in many newly established municipalities. Another aim was to ensure that the municipal administration and services were organised aligned with local needs. The study aims to shed light on both the theoretical and practical dilemma of creating a new organisational design for a new municipality by using an interdisciplinary approach combining organisational theory with theory and studies on local government. Therefore, the study explores how successful this new municipal design is through the development of the municipal organisational chart, and survey results.

Engaging the public: English local government organisations’ social media communications during the COVID‐19 pandemic

Communication has played a critical role during the initial response to the COVID-19 pandemic, and communicators have had a particularly difficult task in persuading different types of audience to comply with ever-changing regulations. Local government organisations play a crucial role in recontextualising the national messaging for a local audience and encouraging the public to comply with regulations.This paper investigates local government organisations’ (henceforth LGOs) engagement strategies in COVID-related posts on social media. In collaboration with LGOs in England, we examined their communication strategies on Twitter and Facebook during the second UK national lockdown of the COVID-19 pandemic in November-December 2020. Using methods from corpus-assisted discourse studies, the paper analyses the occurrence and functions of selected interactive engagement markers, in this case personal pronouns, questions and hashtags. We find that such linguistic features function to encourage engagement by (a) helping to foster relatedness through ambiguity; (b) creating autonomy-supporting communication; and (c) making messages ‘stand out’.Based on our corpus analysis, we discuss the initial response of the participating councils to our findings and outline future directions including the integration of multimodal approaches to studying the role of localised social media in national crisis management. We argue for more attention to be paid to the many local communicators who play an invaluable role in encouraging the public to comply with national measures in times of crisis.

PENGARUH KEJELASAN SASARAN ANGGARAN, TRANSPARANSI, DAN KUALITAS SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA TERHADAP AKUNTABILITAS KINERJA INSTANSI PEMERINTAH

The research aimed to examine the effect of clarity budget target, transparency and quality of human resources on the accountability of government institutions performance. The research was quantitative. The data collection techniques in this research used questionnaire directly to the respondents. Sampling method in this research using purposive sampling with a total of 50 respondents in 10 local government organizations in Magetan Regency. The data analysis was performed using multiple linear regressions analysis model with SPSS program 25 version for windows. The research of hypothesis showed that the independent variable clarity of budget target is 0,047, the independent variable transparency is 0,000, the independent variable quality of human resources is 0,244 and the adjusted R Square showed a value of 0,622 or 62,2%. The research result showed that clarity of budget target had a positive effect on accountability of government institutions performance, transparency had a positive effect on accountability of government institutions performance, and quality of human resources had a negative effect on accountability of government institutions performance.

Productive disruptions: Supporting diversity and anti-racism in the workplace through multi-level organisational strategies

Racism in the workplace occurs at both the interpersonal and institutional level in terms of prejudiced attitudes and behaviours and avoidable and unfair differences in hiring, retention and opportunities for training and promotion. Many organisations have stated commitments to workforce diversity; however, work-related racism remains the most common forms of reported discrimination. Rather, efforts to increase workforce diversity will fail in the absence of measures to address discriminatory attitudes, behaviours, practices and cultures. Current approaches also lack strategic development, including knowledge of how to implement workforce diversity and anti-racism strategies at multiple organisational levels. Specifically, there is less understanding of measures to support structural level change. This article aims to advance both theoretical and empirical understanding of racism and anti-discrimination in the workplace. We do this by presenting a multi-level framework for understanding and addressing workplace racism. We also study the implementation of a meso-level workplace diversity and anti-discrimination assessment within two local government organisations in Australia. Findings revealed the importance of implementing strategies across multiple organisational levels and establishing accountability for commitments to diversity and anti-racism practice. Despite its structural and universal drives, we argue that racism can be disrupted through the presence of diversity in the workplace and anti-racism intervention.

Community Participation in the Implementation of Development in the Panamas Village, Selat District, Kapuas Regency

This research focuses on community participation in implementing development in the Panamas Village, Selat District, Kapuas Regency. This study is designed to measure the level of participation, understand the factors that encourage and inhibit participation, and provide recommendations for increasing community involvement in development. The research methodology was carried out through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with various stakeholders. The research results show that the level of community participation in the development process still varies, with some segments of society being more active than others. Factors influencing this include knowledge of the development project, access to information, trust in local government, and capacity to participate. The study notes that increased communication and transparency, as well as community empowerment through education and training, can be effective strategies to deepen community participation. The results of this study are expected to contribute to the local government and civil society organizations in efforts to increase community participation in development in the Panamas Village.

ROLE OF ORGANIZATIONAL POLITICS IN THE RELATIONSHIP OF PARTICIPATIVE BUDGETING WITH BUDGETARY SLACK AND PERFORMANCE BASED BUDGETING

The aim of this study is to examine the effect of Participative Budgeting on Budgetary Slack with Organizational Politics as a moderating variable in the public sector; examine the effect of Budgetary Slack on Performance Based Budgeting. This study examines data using a causal model with Partial Least Square (PLS) statistical analysis tools. The data used in this study are primary data from all Regional Apparatus Organizations (OPD) in Banyuwangi Regency involved in the local government budget process. Population screening based on the criteria set so that there are 64 samples of respondents involved in the budgeting process of local government organizations in Banyuwangi. The results showed that Participative Budgeting has no effect on Budgetary Slack; Organizational politics as a moderator predictor that has a positive effect on the relationship between participative budgeting and Budgetary Slack; There is no significant relationship between Budgetary Slack and Performance Based Budgeting. The research results are expected to be a development of literature and accounting studies in the field of government budgeting. Practically, the results of the study can be used as a reference for better budgeting so as to create an effective, efficient, and economical b udget and can reduce the slack that occurs.

Pengaruh Sikap, Kontrol Perilaku dan Religiusitas terhadap Niat Melakukan Whistleblowing

The purpose of this research is to determine the influence of attitudes, behavior control and religiosity towards the whistleblowing intentions. This research using purposive sampling method with the respondents working at the Local Government Organization in Bukittinggi City. Respondent consists of 121 people, who served as a head of finance, treasurer expenditures, finance staff, budget makers, commitment making officers, Paying Order Signing Officers, Budget User Authorizations. The data collection technique used in this research is field research in the form of researchers distributing structured questionnaires to 26 Local Government Organizations in Bukittinggi City. This data was analyzed by using multiple regression analysis in SPSS. From the results of data processing, it can be seen that the first variable is the attitude of influence on the intention of whistleblowing with a calculated value of t count&gt; t table that is 7.198&gt; 1.661 it can be said that the first hypothesis received. The results of testing the second variable, namely behavioral control has no affection the intention to do whistleblowing with t count &lt; t table ie -0.359 &lt; 1.661 . The religiosity variable is known that as a positive effect with t count&gt; t table that is 1.967&gt; 1.661 So it can be said that third hypothesis accepted.

Analysis of Accident Sites from Motorcycles among High School Students Using Geographic Information Systems, Sukhothai Province

Road accidents are a major global problem, especially accidents from riding a motorcycle, as these affect both human life and property. Therefore, identifying accident sites is important for accident prevention. This study aimed to analyze the density of accident sites involving motorcycles among high school students in 2019 by using Geographic Information System data (GIS) in Sukhothai Province. In the study, in-depth interviews were used with respondents, including high school students who had accidents on motorcycles, and traffic police officers who were responsible for investigating accidents in schools. In addition, reports of accident sites were used to arrange GIS data layers and analyze the density of the accident sites using Kernel Density Estimation (KDE). The study results revealed that accidents occurred at 217 accident sites in the study area. The map of accident sites and density was created by using GIS data. The areas with accidents in heavy traffic were the roads in the three main districts: Mueang, Si Samrong, and Sawankhalok. Regarding the analysis, accidents were caused by fast cut-off riding, narrow road shoulders, and road users’ non-compliance with traffic regulations. The study results were submitted to traffic authorities, schools, departments responsible for rural roads, and local government organizations, and used for planning and developing models to prevent traffic accidents involving motorcycles among high school students through the student council.

DUAL FORM OF OBTAINING EDUCATION IN THE MATHEMATICS TEACHERS TRAINING SYSTEM: EMPLOYERS’ POSITION

In the article, we analyze the survey results on employers’ (administrators of schools and vocational colleges) interest, readiness and opportunity for cooperation in training math teachers in a dual form of education. The opinion of employers regarding the advantages, disadvantages and obstacles in the implementation of such a study mode was studied. Several specific issues that need to be resolved in order to effectively implement a dual mode of study in math teacher training have been identified. The obtained results could be used by universities that provide training in pedagogical specialties, experts in the field of education, state authorities and local government organizations that take care of education issues, as well as other specialists interested in the spread of the dual form of obtaining education in Ukraine and abroad.

THE ORGANIZATION OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT IN VIETNAM

Local governments in numerous countries are divided into several levels, but how they are set up depends on each nation's political, cultural, and social characteristics. In terms of management, how to organize a lean, effective, and efficient local government is a constant concern for the leaders of every nation to save the state budget and best serve the people’s rights and interests. In terms of research, the organization of local government is another research topic that many academics are interested in because it plays a crucial role in the construction of the state apparatus. In this paper, the author primarily focuses on studying the actual organization of local government in Vietnam and contrasting it with several global models of local governments. By using the qualitative research method of secondary document synthesis and analysis, the author of this paper highlights some widely used organizational principles and models of local government around the world, thereby underlining the benefits and drawbacks of the Vietnamese local government's organization. Since then, he contributes some innovative research recommendations based on that practice to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of Vietnam's local government apparatus.

Pengaruh Kesesuaian Kompensasi, Ketaatan Aturan Akuntansi terhadap Kecenderungan Kecurangan Akuntansi: Peran Efektivitas Pengendalian Internal Sebagai Pemediasi

The study aims to examine the appropriateness of compensation and the effect of internal control effectiveness as mediating variable in influencing compliance to accounting rules on the accounting fraud tendencies. This is quantitative study which used a questionnaire survey. The subject of this study is Local Government Organizations (LGO) located in Kotabaru, South Borneo. Hypotheses testing was conducted by employing Structural Equation Modelling-Partial Leas Square (SEM-PLS) technique. This study find that the appropriateness of compensation and internal control effectiveness have positive effect on the accounting fraud tendencies of LGOs. In addition, compliance to accounting rules have positive effect on internal control effectiveness but internal control effectiveness cannot mediate the relationship between compliance to accounting rules and the accounting fraud tendencies significantly.

Social Network Analysis of the Schistosomiasis control program in two local government areas in Oyo state, Nigeria: Insights for NTD elimination plans.

Schistosomiasis is one of the neglected tropical diseases targeted for elimination by 2030. Achieving disease elimination requires collaboration between stakeholders, country ownership and the involvement of community-level stakeholders. The state of stakeholder relationship determines the ease and timeliness of meeting disease elimination targets. Mapping stakeholder relationships is critical for assessing gaps in the schistosomiasis control program implementation, and providing a roadmap for improved stakeholder cohesion. The study aimed to measure the cohesiveness of the contact, collaboration and resource-sharing networks, across 2 local government areas in Oyo state, Nigeria. This study used a Network Representative design for Social Network Analysis (SNA). The study was conducted within Oyo state, Nigeria using 2 Local Government Areas (LGAs): Ibadan North (urban) and Akinyele (rural). Stakeholders were identified using a link-tracing approach. Data was collected using Qualtrics software from stakeholders across the state, local government, healthcare, academia, and non-governmental organizations. Data was analysed using Gephi software for network cohesion across the three networks. The social network analysis revealed high clustering and low density across the three networks implying low cohesion across multiple stakeholder categories. The contact and collaborative networks were the most active with the lowest level of cohesion seen in the resource-sharing network. Stakeholders were more active in the rural LGA than the urban, and stakeholders within the organized governance and public health system were the dominant actors in the schistosomiasis control program. The low cohesion, high clustering and low network density among stakeholders within the schistosomiasis control program should be addressed in other to drive innovation and meet the WHO schistosomiasis elimination target.

Conflicts and tourists’ destination choice intention: a study of Kashmir Valley in India

ObjetivoEste estudio se centra en extender la teoría del comportamiento planificado para una mejor comprensión de la actitud y la intención de los turistas de visitar un destino políticamente inestable y conflictivo como Kashmir.Diseño/metodología/enfoqueSe administró un cuestionario adaptado de estudios previos a 490 turistas. Los datos recogidos se analizaron mediante análisis factorial exploratorio seguido de un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales mediante SPSS y AMOS. El estudio prueba y valida un modelo de predicción de comportamiento más robusto basado en la Teoría del Comportamiento Planificado (TPB).ConclusionesLos resultados del estudio muestran que la intención de elección del destino en un área políticamente sensible como Jammu y Kashmir está determinada conjuntamente por el atractivo percibido del destino, la imagen percibida del destino, la familiaridad con el lugar, la exposición a los medios y el valor percibido. Sin embargo, el riesgo percibido y la actitud resultaron ser determinantes no significativos de la intencionalidad de elección.Limitaciones/implicaciones de la investigaciónEl estudio valida empíricamente la TPB ampliada para predecir el comportamiento de los turistas en un entorno políticamente sensible. Además, el estudio proporciona información relevante a los gestores de destinos, los responsables políticos y los profesionales para desarrollar estrategias que mejoren la imagen y el atractivo de los destinos. Aunque el estudio proporciona una visión crítica del proceso de toma de decisiones del turista, ciertas limitaciones, como el enfoque geográfico restringido, el muestreo de conveniencia y el hecho de ignorar las variaciones intergrupales, merecen atención.Originalidad/valorLa investigación presenta un esfuerzo pionero en la aplicación de un modelo TPB integrado que determina la intencionalidad de la elección del destino en una región políticamente sensible de Jammu y Kashmir. La región tiene potencial para ser uno de los mejores destinos del mundo. Por consiguiente, el estudio de las percepciones, actitudes e intención de los turistas hacia Kashmir podría ayudar al gobierno local y a otras organizaciones de gestión de destinos a trazar acciones futuras.

TACTICAL URBANISM An approach to implement NMT-friendly neighborhoods in Indian cities

This research paper examines the idea of tactical urbanism. In order to create neighbourhoods that are welcoming to non-motorized transportation (NMT), Using brief, low-cost interventions, tactical urbanism seeks to improve the usability and pedestrian friendliness of urban areas. The importance of NMT in Indian cities, where there is a great need for environmentally friendly and reasonably priced transportation solutions, is highlighted at the outset of the article. The various difficulties of putting in place NMT infrastructure are then discussed, including the lack of finance and space. The study contends that by empowering communities to take control of the transformation process and uniting various stakeholders behind a single objective, tactical urbanism can be a successful response to these problems. It gives examples of tactical urbanism projects that have been effective in Indian cities, such as turning parking lots into pedestrian-friendly areas and constructing bike lanes using bollards and signage. In order to secure the sustainability and scalability of these programmes, the report also highlights the necessity of long-term planning and governmental support. Overall, this study emphasises tactical urbanism's potential as a strategy for developing NMT-friendly neighbourhoods in Indian cities. In order to make Indian cities more accessible, livable, and sustainable, it advocates for increased cooperation between communities, local government, and civil society organisations. Keywords: participative design, public safety, tactical urbanism, economic development, community participation, sustainability, and equity.