Domain Organization Research Articles

Support Vector Machine-Based Prediction Model for Healthcare Workforce Transition Success Under Decentralization

Objective To develop predictive models for healthcare workforce transition success under decentralization using Support Vector Machine (SVM) analysis and identify key determinants across organizational support domains. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among healthcare personnel (n=430) who transferred from Ministry of Public Health facilities to Provincial Administrative Organizations in Thailand during 2023-2024. The SVM model evaluated 37 predictor variables spanning demographic characteristics, benefits, and welfare domains. Four kernel functions were compared to identify optimal model performance, and feature importance analysis was conducted to determine key predictors. Results The linear kernel demonstrated superior performance (accuracy: 71.43%, sensitivity: 49.02%, specificity: 85.37%) compared to other kernel functions. Analysis revealed five key predictors (feature weights >0.25): competitive compensation (0.427), career development opportunities (0.358), fair promotion processes (0.336), hazardous work compensation (0.285), and educational leave opportunities (0.252). While employee qualifications (0.236) emerged as a significant demographic predictor, organizational support factors, particularly financial incentives and professional development opportunities, showed stronger predictive power for transition success. Conclusions This study represents the first application of machine learning techniques to predict healthcare personnel transition success in decentralization contexts. The SVM model effectively identified critical factors influencing workforce transitions, emphasizing the importance of balanced organizational support mechanisms. These findings provide evidence-based guidance for healthcare administrators implementing decentralization policies, offering generalizable insights for workforce management during health system reforms.

Universities’ policies on feedback speed do not meaningfully predict students’ satisfaction with assessment and feedback

It is widely believed that an essential property of feedback’s effectiveness is its timeliness, and students frequently report untimely feedback as a significant source of dissatisfaction in their studies. Most UK universities have responded by implementing institutional policies that stipulate a time-period within which students should receive feedback on the assessments they submit. These policies serve to enhance the student experience, but concerns are well-documented about their side effects on feedback quality and staff well-being. The present study involved a secondary analysis of UK universities’ policies on feedback turnaround times, examining to what extent these are associated with variation in students’ satisfaction with assessment and feedback, as measured by the National Student Survey. Overall, the number of turnaround days permitted in feedback policies was negatively – but weakly and nonsignificantly – associated with overall student satisfaction in this domain. Feedback ­policy was associated more strongly with student satisfaction in the domain of organisation and management, which raises pertinent questions about causal pathways. University leaders are advised to be wary of expecting that mandating ever-quicker feedback will deliver meaningful benefits to student satisfaction. They are advised to look elsewhere if they seek to have a worthwhile positive impact on student satisfaction and feedback quality.

Involvement of a Noncanonical Polyketide Synthase-Nonribosomal Peptide Synthetase Hybrid in the Biosynthesis of Sterol-C4-methyl Oxidase Inhibitor PF1163A.

PF1163A (1) is a fungal metabolite that inhibits sterol-C4-methyl oxidase. In this study, we identified the biosynthetic gene cluster of 1 and elucidated its biosynthetic pathway through heterologous expression experiments. Polyketide synthase-nonribosomal synthetase hybrid PfaA, which is responsible for the biosynthesis of PF1163A, harbors an unusual domain organization with tandem condensation (C) domains and a terminal condensation domain. Mutagenesis studies suggest that both C domains are required for the function of PfaA.

The Drosophila toothrin Gene Related to the d4 Family Genes: An Evolutionary View on Origin and Function.

D. melanogaster has two paralogs, tth and dd4, related to the evolutionarily conserved d4 family genes. In mammals, the family consists of Dpf1-3, encoding transcription co-factors involved in the regulation of development and cell fate determination. The function of tth and dd4 in Drosophila remains unclear. The typical domain structure of the proteins encoded by the d4 family consists of an N-terminal 2/3 domain (Requiem_N), a central Kruppel-type zinc finger, and a C-terminal D4 domain of paired PHD zinc fingers (DPFs). In Drosophila, both paralogs lack the Kruppel-type ZF, and tth encodes a protein that contains only Requiem_N. In contrast, vertebrate Dpf1-3 paralogs encode all the domains, but some paralogs have specific splice isoforms. For example, the DPF3a isoform lacks the D4 domain necessary for histone reading. The occurrence of proteins without the D4 domain in mammals and flies implies functional significance and analogous roles across animal taxa. In this study, we reconstructed the evolutionary events that led to the emergence of Drosophila tth by analyzing the divergence of d4 paralogs across different evolutionary lineages. Our genomic and transcriptomic data analysis revealed duplications and gene copy loss events. Among insects, gene duplication was only observed in Diptera. In other lineages, we found the specialization of paralogs for producing isoforms and further specialization for coding proteins with specific domain organizations. We hypothesize that this pathway is a common mechanism for the emergence of paralogues lacking the D4 domain across different evolutionary lineages. We, thus, postulate that TTH may function as a splice isoform of the ancestral single-copy gene, possibly a DPF3a-like isoform characteristic of related insect species. Our analysis provides insights into the possible impact of paralogue divergence, emphasizing the functional significance of the 2/3 domain and the potential roles of isoforms lacking the D4 domain.

Membrane interaction studies of isoniazid derivatives active against drug-resistant tuberculosis.

Tuberculosis is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide due to the growth of multi-drug resistant strains unsusceptible to currently available therapies. Four compounds, isoniazid (INH), and three derivatives, N'-decanoylisonicotinohydrazide (INH-C10), N'-(E)-(4-phenoxybenzylidene)isonicotinohydrazide (N34) and N'-(4-phenoxybenzyl)isonicotinohydrazide (N34red), were studied. Owing to their advantageous in vitro selectivity index against the primary mutation responsible for drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), as well as their suitable lipophilicity and interaction with human serum albumin, INH-C10 and N34 were deemed promising antitubercular compounds. N34red, despite differing from N34 only in the saturation of the N' = C bond, presents a poor selectivity index. To delve deeper into the therapeutic potential of these compounds, their interaction with biomembrane models, mimicking biological barriers on the way to the target inside Mtb cells, was herein evaluated. All compounds, except N34red, weakened the packing of the acyl chains in the rigid lipid gel phase, especially INH-C10, which was the only compound disturbing liquid disordered membranes. Notably, all compounds except INH decreased membrane dipole potential, across all types of bilayers studied, but only N34red had a drastic effect. The insertion in gel phase bilayers suggests that the compounds may be able to penetrate the rigid cell wall of Mtb. Förster's resonance energy transfer (FRET) assays showed that, in ternary bilayers with liquid ordered/liquid disordered lateral heterogeneity mimicking human cell membranes, the compounds affected neither the size nor the organization of lipid domains. These results provide molecular insights into the low toxicity against human cell lines and improved activity against drug-resistant Mtb of INH-C10 and N34.

Caveolin-1 regulates context-dependent signaling and survival in Ewing Sarcoma.

Cellular plasticity is a hallmark function of cancer, but many of the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. We uncover Caveolin-1, a scaffolding protein that modulates plasma membrane domain organization, as a context-specific regulator of survival signaling in Ewing sarcoma (EwS). Single cell analysis reveals a distinct subpopulation of EwS cells, which highly express the cell surface marker CD99 as well as Caveolin-1. CD99 High cells isolated through flow cytometry differ from CD99 Low cells in morphology, gene expression, and survival capabilities in vivo. Our work demonstrates that elevated Caveolin-1 expression in these cells plays a key role in the regulation of PI3K/AKT survival signaling, through subcellular organization of PI3K activity at the cell surface. We thus propose a model where the CD99 High state develops a Cav-1 controlled signaling network to regulate cell survival that is distinct from the AKT-agnostic survival of CD99 Low cells. Overall, this work identifies a state transition of EwS cells and uncovers Caveolin-1 as a driver of survival signaling in a context-dependent manner.

Diversity of Endolysin Domain Architectures in Bacteriophages Infecting Bacilli.

The increasing number of antibiotic-resistant bacterial pathogens is a serious problem in medicine. Endolysins are bacteriolytic enzymes of bacteriophages, and a promising group of enzymes with antibacterial properties. Endolysins of bacteriophages infecting Gram-positive bacteria have a modular domain organization. This feature can be used to design enzymes with new or improved properties by modifying or shuffling individual domains. This work is a detailed analysis 1of the diversity of endolysin domains found in bacteriophages infecting bacilli. During the course of the work, a database of endolysins of such bacteriophages was created, and their domain structures were analyzed using the NCBI database, RASTtk, BLASTp, HHpred, and InterPro programs. A phylogenetic analysis of endolysins was performed using MEGA X. In 438 phage genomes, 454 genes of endolysins were found. In the endolysin sequences found, eight different types of catalytic domains and seven types of cell wall binding domains were identified. The analysis showed that many types of endolysin domains have not yet been characterized experimentally. Studies of the properties of such domains will help to reveal the potential of endolysins for the creation of new antibacterial agents.

Exploring software engineering knowledge domains

Software engineering, as the primary value-based process, is influenced by the culture a given company establishes, formal and informal procedures, and technological improvements introduced during the implementation. Having this in mind it could be articulated further how these innovative methods could result in best practices, communication flows, strong-bonded teams, and successful projects. By adding an organisational domain to the model, the relationships between management's organizational aspects and technological development approaches are discussed.This paper aims to explore and classify the software engineering domains in order to facilitate the process of managing knowledge within ICT companies. Based on a literature overview, a model is proposed which combines the multiple perspectives for adopting knowledge management practices more efficiently.

Empirical convergence between Kernberg's model of personality organization and the alternative DSM-5 model for personality disorders.

Both Kernberg's model of personality organization and the alternative model for personality disorders (AMPD) in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5th edition provide a multidimensional framework for assessing personality pathology, while having a dual focus on general and specific personality pathology. The present study was the first to investigate the empirical convergence between measures of personality organization and the AMPD (personality functioning and pathological personality traits), considering general and specific personality pathology. A mixed clinical sample completed self-reports for personality organization, personality functioning and pathological personality traits, as well as an interview for personality organization. Two bifactor models with three specific exploratory factors were estimated, comprising a self-report model based on domain scores using exploratory factor analysis (n = 336) and a multi-method model predominantly based on subdomain scores applying exploratory structural equation modelling (n = 277). Both bifactor models yielded strong general factors with high loadings of the personality organization domains identity and primitive defences, as well as the personality functioning domains. The specific factors suggest convergence between other-directed aggression (personality organization), restricted moral functioning (personality organization) and antagonism (pathological personality traits), between diminished reality testing (personality organization) and psychoticism (pathological personality traits) and between maladaptive object relations (personality organization), impaired interpersonal functioning (personality functioning) and detachment (pathological personality traits). It can be concluded that measures of personality organization and the AMPD strongly converge regarding both general and specific personality pathology. Kernberg's model of personality organization may serve as a valuable complement to the AMPD, guiding forthcoming research and the clinical assessment of personality pathology.

Consensus in Psychiatric Emergencies Using the Delphi Technique.

This study aimed to elicit expert consensus on the necessary components of a seclusion room module required to accommodate and manage psychiatric emergency patients requiring both medical and surgical interventions in infectious disease situations. A two-round Delphi survey was conducted among 38 medical professionals, architects, and spatial design experts. The survey assessed the effectiveness, feasibility, and urgency of spatial scales, spatial organization, and movement system domains related to the necessary elements of a seclusion room. In the spatial scale domain, items such as "sufficient width to comply with disability standards (wheelchair accessible)" and "larger space should be provided for patients with a large range of motion or requiring special medical procedures" emerged as priorities. In the movement system domain, priorities included "anticipating situations where stable patients need to be pushed on a stretcher cart from both sides, necessitating a wider passage." In the spatial organization domain, priorities included "installing interior elements (wall images, media panels, etc.) that aid patient stability, although a separate area for patients' activities reflecting psychiatric characteristics is not necessary." Expert consensus was achieved regarding the spatial scales, spatial organization, and movement system domains related to the necessary elements of a seclusion room for psychiatric emergency patients.

Sequence variation in the active site of mobile colistin resistance proteins is evolutionarily accommodated through inter-domain interactions.

Sequence variation among homologous proteins can shed light on their function and ancestry. In this study, we analyze variation at catalytic residues among MCR (mobile colistin resistance) proteins, which confer resistance to the last resort antibiotic, colistin, in gram-negative bacteria. We show that not all naturally occurring variants at a lipid A-binding residue, Ser284, are tolerated in MCR-1. In particular, the substitution of Ser284 with Asp, found naturally in MCR-5, resulted in diminished colistin resistance. Using phylogenetic analyses and structure predictions we trace back variation at this site among MCRs to their ancestors, i.e. EptA phosphoethanolamine transferases that are encoded by diverse bacterial genomes. Mutational studies and AlphaFold-based structural modeling revealed that the functional importance of position 284 varies between phylogenetically distant MCRs, i.e. MCR-1 and MCR-5. Despite a high degree of similarity among their catalytic domains, inter-domain interactions were not conserved between MCR-1 and MCR-5 due to their different ancestries, providing a mechanistic basis behind the different phenotypes of similar mutations at position 284. Our study thus uncovers subtle differences in the organization of domains among MCR proteins that can lead to substantial differences in their catalytic properties and mutational tolerances.

Investigating the impact of digital business ecosystem in enhancing Islamic mobile banking adoption through the TOE framework

This research investigates how the dimensions of the Technology, Organization, and Environment (TOE) framework influence the digital business ecosystem (DBE) and, in turn, how this ecosystem impacts the adoption of Islamic Mobile Banking (IMB). It addresses a gap in existing literature by adopting a customer-centric perspective, highlighting how DBE affects IMB adoption, a departure from previous studies that primarily focused on internal organizational factors. To achieve its objectives, the study employs a quantitative approach using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to analyze data from 985 IMB users in Indonesia. The findings reveal that DBE significantly influences IMB adoption, particularly when moderated by customer behavior as an environmental factor. Factors such as perceived usefulness and ease of use within the technological domain, firm reputation and innovation within the organizational domain, and perceived risk and sharia compliance as environmental factors all positively and significantly impact DBE. Additionally, perceived security has a significant effect on DBE, especially when mediated by perceived ease of use. Furthermore, DBE serves as a crucial mediator between all dimensions of the TOE framework and IMB adoption. This research offers a theoretical contribution by examining the TOE framework dimensions from a customer's perspective, revealing their impact on DBE and IMB adoption. From a managerial perspective, the study provides valuable insights for banks on how to effectively manage technological, environmental, and organizational dimensions to strengthen DBE and promote IMB adoption.

Myonuclear domain settings by microtubules and MACF1

Skeletal myofibers are syncytia made from the fusion of dozens or hundreds of mononuclear progenitor cells. Along myogenesis, the arriving nuclei from the progenitor cells have a long journey before being positioned at the periphery of a mature myofiber. Once at the periphery, nuclei are regularly spaced and each nucleus is transcriptionally responsible for its surrounding proportion of cytoplasm, known as the myonuclear domain. Disruption of these domains can be observed in various myopathies, suggesting their importance for skeletal muscle functionality. However, little is known about mechanisms regulating the myonuclear domain stability and organization. Here we take the example of MACF1, a microtubule-associated protein, as an essential actor in myonuclear domain organization, to highlight the potential role of microtubules and their associated proteome network for the stability of these domains and hence for proper myofiber functionality.

Functional brain network organization and multidomain resilience to neighborhood disadvantage in youth.

Though youth living in disadvantaged neighborhoods experience greater risk for poor behavioral and mental health outcomes, many go on to show resilience in the face of adversity. A few recent studies have identified neural markers of resilience in cognitive and affective brain networks, yet the broader network organization supporting resilience in youth remains unknown, particularly in relation to neighborhood disadvantage. Moreover, most studies have defined resilience as the absence of psychopathology, which does not consider growing evidence that resilience also includes positive outcomes across multiple domains (e.g., social, academic). We examined associations between brain network organization and multiple resilience domains in a sample of 708 twins (7-19 years old) recruited from neighborhoods with above-average poverty levels. Graph analysis on functional connectivity data from resting-state and task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to characterize features of intrinsic whole-brain and network-level organization, from which we explored associations with resilience in three domains: psychological, social, and academic. Fewer connections between a brain network involved in self-referential processing (i.e., default mode network) and the subcortical system were associated with greater social resilience. Further, greater whole-brain functional integration (i.e., efficiency) was associated with better psychological resilience among youth with relatively lower levels of cumulative adversity exposure. Alternatively, lower whole-brain efficiency and higher whole-brain robustness to disruption (i.e., assortativity) were associated with greater psychological and social resilience among youth with relatively higher levels of cumulative adversity. These findings advance support for multidimensional resilience models and reveal distinct neural mechanisms supporting resilience to neighborhood disadvantage across specific domains in youth. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

The two-way path between benefit and BC: Virtuous behavior or opportunism?

Following the example of selected US states, Italy was among the pioneers in regulating Benefit corporations (BECs), ushering in a new breed of companies committed to integrating positive stakeholder impact into their corporate missions. While obtaining BEC status is not obligatory for acquiring B-corp certification, Italian firms pursuing this certification must adhere to the BEC legal framework to uphold their certified status. This study delves into the BEC landscape, aiming to address the following research questions: i) Does possessing either pure BEC status or B-corp (BC) certification impact (financial) performance? ii) Does being a leader or a follower, characterized by different paths toward BC or BEC status, have an effect on performance? Our comprehensive analysis indicates that holding a B-corp certification positively correlates with economic and financial performance, while standalone BEC status lacks a significant impact on performance. Within the domain of hybrid organizations, certification emerges as a potent mechanism for enhancing performance. This trend can be attributed to the acknowledgment by external stakeholders—including consumers, investors, customers, and suppliers—that external certification, as opposed to mere legal structuring, adds tangible value to the enterprise.

BEAN and HABAS: Polyphyletic insertions in the DNA-directed RNA polymerase.

The β and β' subunits of the RNA polymerase (RNAP) are large proteins with complex multi-domain architectures that include several insertional domains. Here, we analyze the domain organizations of RNAP-β and RNAP-β' using sequence, experimentally determined structures and AlphaFold structure predictions. We observe that lineage-specific insertional domains in bacterial RNAP-β belong to a group that we call BEAN (broadly embedded annex). We observe that lineage-specific insertional domains in bacterial RNAP-β' belong to a group that we call HABAS (hammerhead/barrel-sandwich hybrid). The BEAN domain has a characteristic three-dimensional structure composed of two square bracket-like elements that are antiparallel relative to each other. The HABAS domain contains a four-stranded open β-sheet with a GD-box-like motif in one of the β-strands and the adjoining loop. The BEAN domain is inserted not only in the bacterial RNAP-β', but also in the archaeal version of universal ribosomal protein L10. The HABAS domain is inserted in several metabolic proteins. The phylogenetic distributions of bacterial lineage-specific insertional domains of β and β' subunits of RNAP follow the Tree of Life. The presence of insertional domains can help establish a relative timeline of events in the evolution of a protein because insertion is inferred to post-date the base domain. We discuss mechanisms that might account for the discovery of homologous insertional domains in non-equivalent locations in bacteria and archaea.

Transmembrane Domains of Bitopic Proteins As a Key to Understand the Cellular Signaling

This work presents in a systematic manner key modeling results corroborated by experimental biophysical data and obtained by the authors during long-term research on bitopic (single-pass) membrane proteins (BMP), which are the crucial elements of cell signaling. The manuscript does not claim to be a comprehensive review on the topic, whereby the authors did not aim to describe accurately the current state of the art, given the numerous reliable publications. Rather, it is an essay illustrating the authors’ understanding of the basic principles in organization of transmembrane protein domains (TMD) and their contribution to the cell functioning. Among the key topics highlighted in the present work are the fine-tuned processes of TMD oligomerization and direct contribution of the dynamic membrane environment to this process, the key role of TMD in the functioning of cell receptors and mutual relations between all components of protein-membrane complexes during the signal transduction in normal and pathological conditions.

When bigger looks better: CLASS results in public Montessori preschool classrooms

The CLASS-PreK instrument is widely used to evaluate early childhood classrooms, but how classrooms using Montessori, the world's most common alternative education system, fare on CLASS is understudied. Because CLASS focuses largely on teacher-child interactions as the situs of learning, but in Montessori theory, child-environment interactions are considered more primary, Montessori classrooms may score systematically lower than conventional classrooms on CLASS. CLASS also collects format, content, and demographic information that could illuminate how Montessori classrooms compare to other classrooms. Here we used data from the first national study of public Montessori preschool to examine CLASS data in Montessori preschool classrooms as compared to a lottery-control-selected set of business-as-usual ones. Montessori classrooms (n = 54) had 50% more children on average, and significantly higher child:adult ratios (roughly 9 vs. 6) than a set of intentionally stratified control classrooms (n = 19 of 128), and CLASS scores did not differ across classroom types. Children in Montessori classrooms were observed in whole group activities during fewer cycles and in freely chosen activities during more cycles; also children were observed engaging with math content during more cycles in Montessori than in control classrooms. Counterintuitively, but consistent with Montessori theory, Montessori classrooms with larger class sizes (up to 26) had higher Emotional Support and Classroom Organization domain scores, and those with higher child:adult ratios (up to 13:1) trended towards higher Instructional Support domain scores.

Domain knowledge-powered attention for air traffic management hazardous events classification

The automated classification of hazardous events in Air Traffic Management (ATM) involves concise texts with specialized terminology. The problem is currently addressed by machine learning text classification methods; however, some methods overlook domain knowledge, while others require it excessively. This research aims to identify a process for integrating low-cost, text-based domain knowledge into classification to address the issue of domain shift. To achieve this, the Wide and Deep Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (WD-BERT) model is proposed, featuring a unique knowledge-powered attention mechanism. WD-BERT's Wide Attention module assesses the compatibility between input text and domain knowledge to determine class probabilities, while its Deep Attention module extracts contextual features guided by domain knowledge. Additionally, a text mining method is employed to extract domain knowledge from ATM regulation texts. The model is trained and evaluated using a dataset derived from the China ATM Hazard Source Database. It achieves a multi-label classification accuracy of 80.24% and an F1-micro score of 0.88, outperforming comparative models with state-of-the-art performance. Breakdown analyses of the model indicate that the carefully designed attention mechanism endows WD-BERT with the ability to integrate domain knowledge, allowing it to excel in contexts involving complex sentences, multiple terms, and domain shifts. The innovation of this study lies in the proposed domain knowledge-powered attention mechanism, which allows simply organized domain knowledge to effectively guide ATM hazardous events classification, alleviating the impact of domain shift. This method can also be applied to other vertical domains without knowledge graphs.

Caught in the Middle: A Conceptual Framework for the Antecedents and Outcomes of Work-Family Guilt in Working Mothers from the Perspective of Gender Roles

Although there has been progress in achieving gender equality, working mothers continue to encounter significant challenges balancing work and family roles, leading to work-family conflict (WFC) and subsequent feelings of guilt regarding WFC. Work-family guilt (WFG) is an emotional response to imbalances that arise from the demands of both work and family responsibilities. This study aims to develop a conceptual framework for the antecedents and outcomes of WFG among working mothers, addressing the gap in research regarding their guilt experiences. Drawing on the prior studies, this paper proposes that societal, organizational, and individual factors will interact, leading to WFC and subsequently causing WFG, which in turn results in some undesirable consequences in societal, organizational, and individual domains. Among the existing research on WFC, this study stands out for its comprehensive review of the determiners and consequences of WFG from a gender role perspective. The suggested framework seeks to provide guidance to working mothers, policymakers, managers, and human resource experts on reducing WFG among working mothers, thus enhancing their overall well-being and productivity. This study explores WFG from a gender standpoint, highlighting the significance of employing gender-sensitive strategies for addressing challenges at both individual, organizational, and societal levels.