Organizational Authority Research Articles

The Metamorphoses of the Territorial Organization of Local Authority in the Republic of Moldova in the Post-Communist Decades: from the "Soviet Rigor" to the "Democratic Incertitude"

The Metamorphoses of the Territorial Organization of Local Authority in the Republic of Moldova in the Post-Communist Decades: from the "Soviet Rigor" to the "Democratic Incertitude"

Особенности организации исполнительной власти федеральной территории «Сириус»

Legal regulation of the federal territory “Sirius” executive authority formation and the replacement of the administration head of the specified federal territory is analyzed. Based on a comparative analysis of the norms of the Federal Law “On the Federal Territory “Sirius” and the provisions of the Federal Law “On the General Principles of the organization of local Self-government in the Russian Federation”, the specifics of the organization of public authorities of the federal territory are revealed.

Politika vakcinacije protiv kovida-19 u Republici Srbiji - pravno-organizacioni aspekt

The subject matter of analysis in this paper is the current vaccination policy against COVID-19 in the Republic of Serbia, relevant legal acts related to the pandemic and vaccination, as well as the organizational structure and competence of the authorities in charge of designing and implementing this policy. The paper aims to critically review the legal framework and organization of competent authorities regarding pandemics and vaccination. The starting hypothesis is that the shortcomings of the vaccination policy in the Republic of Serbia are inter alia due to the poor organizational structure of the authorities responsible for the policy design and implementation, as well as the inconsistent compliance with applicable regulations. In addition, the authors examine the vaccination policies in some other countries, such as Croatia and Germany, in order to better understand the benefits and drawbacks of the vaccination policy in Serbia. Based on the analysis of the relevant legal framework, current research and comparative findings, we propose the general recommendation to the vaccination policymaker in Serbia, which should ensure stricter and more consistent implementation of applicable regulations in the field of health protection and reliance on scientifically based facts.

ЗАРОДЖЕННЯ ТА ЕВОЛЮЦІЯ ДИСКРЕЦІЙНИХ ПОВНОВАЖЕНЬ У СИСТЕМІ УПРАВЛІННЯ КАТОЛИЦЬКОЇ ЦЕРКВИ

The article analyzes the evolution of discretionary powers in the management system of the Catholic Church in order to clarify and establish the meaning of certain management principles that are now effectively applied in civil service law. It was found out that the practice of using discretionary powers first arose in the environment of the Roman Catholic Church. They were used by papal legates who carried out the representative, diplomatic mission of the Holy See in the Christian countries of the world. Their legal status was determined by the Code of Canon Law of May 27, 1917. The rules and decisions of the Second Vatican Council, which enabled local churches and individual dioceses to use discretionary powers, gave them the opportunity to act within the limits of canon law taking into account local characteristics, laid the foundation for moderate decentralization, which by its force, did not violate the principles of the supremacy of the Holy See. It was established that the progressive development of the network of papal diplomatic missions not only demonstrated the possibility of using discretionary powers in the implementation of management, but also led to the formation of a wide diplomatic representation of the Vatican, which now maintains relations with most countries of the world and is represented in the most authoritative international organizations. At the Holy See in Rome there are more than eight thousand permanent missions from the countries of the world and international organizations, including those from the European Union. In the course of the analysis, a polymethodological approach was used, by applying a set of philosophical, general scientific, special scientific research methods, namely, dialectical, hermeneutic, axiological, historical-philosophical, and systemic-functional research methods. In addition, formal-dogmatic, formal-logical, and formal-legal methods have become widely used. A comprehensive analysis of the formation and development of discretionary powers in the management system of the Catholic Church became possible thanks to the use of the systemic-structural method, furthermore, its research in the historical-legal dimension is due to the retrospective method. Special scientific methods were the quintessence of the research, particularly, comparative- and historical-legal ones.

Representations of authority and work organization in public sector. A difficult balancing between political pressure and authority deployment

Representations of authority and work organization in public sector. A difficult balancing between political pressure and authority deployment

Perspectives on Early Andean Civilization in Peru: Interaction, Authority, and Socioeconomic Organization during the First and Second Millennia B.C. ed. by Richard L. Burger et al. (review).

Perspectives on Early Andean Civilization in Peru: Interaction, Authority, and Socioeconomic Organization during the First and Second Millennia B.C. ed. by Richard L. Burger et al. (review).

ОБЗОР ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ ВСЕРОССИЙСКОГО ОБЩЕСТВА ОХРАНЫ ПРИРОДЫ В 1934–1941 гг.

Based on archival documents, the article reviews the activities of the All-Russian Society for Nature Conservation in the 1930s. The focus on this chronological period is due to its uneven reflection in the scientific discourse, as well as the completeness and relevance of the sources for studying the pre-war stage of the history of nature conservation in the RSFSR. This stage of the formation of nature conservation is important for a complex understanding of the phenomenon of the environmental movement in the Soviet Union, its achievements and problems that must be taken into account in the process of current and future state-public dialogue on environmental problems. The research methodology is based on classical methods of historical knowledge. It is noted that the Society activity was built in 4 main directions: scientific (including scientific popularization), consultative, environmental protection, international. It managed to carry out a colossal amount of work: new reserves were organized, legislative restrictions in the field of rational management were developed and introduced into practice, consultations were given to state bodies and departments on environmental management issues, mass enlightenment events were held. The Society members took part in the activities of international organizations for the protection of nature, carried out scientific and cultural interaction with foreign scientists, created and supported a positive image of the USSR. However, the Society’s vigorous activities caused discontentment on the part of the economic departments that exploited natural resources. The Society’s plan to get all-Union status was not supported by the government, which was not interested in raising its authority and institutional organization. Nevertheless, the Society in the pre-war decade succeeded in restoring nature conservation in the country and made a significant contribution to the Soviet practice of nature conservation.

Complexity of Unsolved Forest Tenurial Conflict: A Case of Way Terusan Forest Management Unit, Lampung Province, Indonesia

Effective forest management is challenging to achieve when there is uncertainty about who controls forest areas. Land tenure issues can arise from local communities, immigrants, the private sector, or the government. Overlapping rights in forest areas are very likely to occur due to the licensing system's lack of integration and the inaccuracy with which the problem of forest land use claims. The Forest area of Register 47 is the case where the forest tenurial conflict resolution is theoretical and takes into account the existence of forest communities and conflict resolution programs that have been implemented by the Forest Management Unit (FMU). This study employed case study approach carried out with an in-depth study in the historical study about the conflicts and juridical review in Way Terusan FMU, Lampung Province. The collected data was then validated by triangulating scheme by the observation and documentation. The findings show that in terms of legal, FMU is the legal authority in forest area organizations, especially after regional regulation since 2019. However, the encroachment began in the 1990s when about 900 households were relocated to the area without the Forestry Ministry accord. Various legalization permits were submitted to the central government, but they were not deemed as a viable option. Since the regional regulation of forest area law's introduction in 2019, the FMU has been the primary actor in forest management. In order to resolve all conflicts, the FMU might apply for some effective forestry partnership cooperation programs.

DEVELOPMENT STAGES OF THE CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF AZERBAIJAN

In the article the analysis of the stages of development of the Constitution of the Republic of Azerbaijan is reflected. The stages of development of the Constitution are related to the changes in the social and state structure of Azerbaijan. The Constitution contained traces of the ruling view of the state, law, their role in society, economic and social policy, and the situation of the Soviet man (so-called). The adoption of the new Constitution of the Republic of Azerbaijan was conditioned by the need to legally establish the radical socio-political and economic changes taking place in the country. The Constitution of the Republic of Azerbaijan has the highest legal force, direct effect and is applied throughout the territory of the Republic of Azerbaijan. Laws and legally enacting acts adopted in the Republic of Azerbaijan shall not contradict the Constitution of the Republic of Azerbaijan.The Constitution of the Republic of Azerbaijan covers not only the organization of the state, but also non-state spheres - the foundations of socio-economic structure, the cultural life of society, the rights, freedoms and responsibilities of man and citizen. Its regulatory role belongs to the whole state body. Therefore, the Constitution of the Republic of Azerbaijan establishes the foundations of its constitutional structure, the legal status of man and citizen, the main features of civil society, the unitary state structure, the principles of organization and activity of legislative, executive and judicial authorities in the Republic of Azerbaijan.

Perceptions of blood donation among the students of Jahangirnagar University, Bangladesh

Each year, millions of lives are saved through blood transfusion. Most of the youngsters are the potential voluntary and replacement blood donors in every society where students comprise significant amount. By knowing their perceptions about blood donation and by encouraging them to donate blood regularly will help to fulfill the demand of safe blood. Therefore, the research aimed to know the perceptions of university students towards blood donation and to explore the factors influencing their willingness to donate blood. Using convenient sampling, the data were collected from 201 current students of Jahangirnagar University through a well-structured questionnaire. Results show, the blood donation rate is quite good among students of Jahangirnagar University of Bangladesh (50.74%) and most of them are male (80.39%) compared to female (19.61%). The study revealed students “mother’s education level”, “residence type”, “number of blood donating times” and “involvement with blood donation organization” are highly significant factors with their blood donation behavior (p <0.001). About 67% student donated their blood to save another life and 28% blood donor think, it is their social responsibility. Five reasons found behind not donating blood: health (71%) had no time (14%), no reason (6%) for fear (8%) and religion (1%). Though half of the university students donate blood but by introducing more motivational campaign by government or blood donation organization or university authority, rest of the students attitude can be converted, and they may donate blood which will help to fulfill Bangladesh’s annual safe blood demand. Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. 2021, 7 (4), 339-347

Living on Borrowed Identity: Negotiating the challenges of Sri Lankan <em>Pirivena</em> education and upholding the identity as Buddhist monks

The Buddhist education system was well integrated into the Sri Lankan intelligence tradition for millennia. However, its importance had been severely declined soon after the lay-focus missionary education system was established in Ceylon (Sri Lanka) during the British colonisation. Because the government of Sri Lanka mainstreamed and facilitated a lay-focused education system as a priority welfare concern, the Pirivenaeducation system has been neglected and under facilitated. However, the contribution of the Pirivenais still essential for student-Buddhist monks because their education relies on the Pirivenaeducation system substantially, but it encounters certain challenges in the modern-day. Therefore, this study seeks to identify certain challenges Buddhist monks encounter when they learn in Pirivenas while striving to establish a sound relationship with the lay society, simultaneously upholding their identity as Buddhist monks. A qualitative case study design was employed for this research, and thematic analysis was applied. The analysis indicates that the internal culture of the Pirivenaeducation institution has important implications for Bhikkhu’s education. The influence of the unique hierarchical organisation of power and authority with educational institutions is also recognised as critical for education among student Buddhist monks. Conscious behavioural changes during the transition from laity to monkhood is another crucial determinant that causes challenges in Pirivenaeducation. Overall, it is argued that there is an urgent need of revising the existing Pirivenaeducation system whilst reflecting the dynamics of changing Sri Lankan society.

Activity forms of municipal authorities and prospects for its development in Ukraine

The authors attempt to explore the nature of local public authority, its sources of legitimacy, its types and forms. An idea of the constitutional and legal bases of the organization and activity of local public authorities and its bodies is given there. The existing systems of local self-government in different states are analyzed; attention is focused on the difference between the concepts of “self-government” and “management”. The problems of administrative reform in Ukraine in the context of globalization are analyzed there.

On the professional authority of quality engineers and the gaps in their epistemic and organizational authority

ABSTRACT The authority of quality engineers as a profession is a contested issue that relates both to the occupation’s internal regulation and to the professional status of quality engineers within the organizations for which they work. In this article, we examine the professional authority of quality engineers from both these perspectives. The issue is addressed first through a conceptual framework, followed by a presentation of an empirical study in which seven experienced quality professionals were interviewed and completed questionnaires. We focus on the situation in Israel as a case study, but our insights are relevant to quality engineers throughout the world. We demonstrate limitations with regard to both (1) the epistemic authority (expertise) of quality engineers vis-à-vis their status as a professional association and (2) the organizational authority of quality engineers vis-à-vis their organizational role as quality managers. These limitations can be attributed to the occupation’s status as a semi-profession; the level of expertise required is not fixed or uniform; the authority of a quality engineer varies from one organizational structure to another. In addition, individual quality engineers are accorded different levels of influence, usually at the discretion of their employing organizations. For these reasons, the expertise of quality engineers as a professional group remains an open issue.

Системний аналіз процесів формування “зеленої економіки” в сучасних умовах

Проведено аналіз сучасних тенденцій цивілізаційного розвитку, що свідчить про нестійкість сучасних моделей економічного розвитку як на регіональному, так і на глобальному рівнях. Спільним недоліком цих моделей є абсолютизація економічного зростання в умовах нехтування соціальних і екологічних проблем. Обґрунтовано положення, що без урахування соціальних і екологічних чинників неможливо забезпечити сталий розвиток економіки на тривалу перспективу. Виокремлено низку глобальних проблем соціально-економічного розвитку на сучасному етапі: зміна клімату, екстенсивне використання природних ресурсів унаслідок прискореного зростання населення світу, яке супроводжується негативним впливом на довкілля.

Casting Shadow: Founders and the Unique Challenges of a Terrorist Group’s First Leadership Change

The first transfer of power presents unique challenges to terrorist groups. Four challenges of succession are more manifest the first time a terrorist group undergoes transition: first, a lack of precedent creates greater uncertainty about the group’s ability to survive leadership change; second, where the new leader replaces a mythical founder, there is an inevitable negative comparison to the predecessor; third, the successor must prevent infighting and splintering that results when the glue that held the group together is lost; and fourth, a first successor often has to shift the source of organizational authority from charismatic leadership to a rational-bureaucratic model. This article argues that the shadow of the departing leader and his actions in preparation for power transition affect the magnitude of the challenges his successor faces. Three case studies—al-Qaeda, the Peruvian Sendero Luminoso (Shining Path), and the Abu Nidal organization—demonstrate both first succession challenges and the role of founders in shaping these challenges’ magnitude.

Ignoring Leaders who Break Promises or Following God: How Depersonalization and Religious Faith Inform Employees’ Timely Work Efforts

AbstractThis study investigates the relationship between employees’ perceptions of psychological contract breaches and their failure to meet work‐related deadlines, with a particular focus on the mediating role of the depersonalization they assign to organizational authorities and the moderating role of their religious faith. Results based on multisource data, collected among employees and their supervisors in Pakistani organizations, show that an important factor that underpins the connection between beliefs about broken organizational promises and a diminished propensity to finish work on time is that employees depersonalize organizational leaders. This mediating effect is mitigated by employees’ religious faith. For organizations, this study thus identifies a key mechanism – exhibiting indifference to the people in charge – by which employees’ frustrations about resource‐depleting contract breaches may inadvertently escalate into ineffective time management, and it identifies some workers among whom this counterproductive dynamic is less likely, namely, employees who can draw from their religious faith.

Evolutionary Approaches to Innovation, the Firm, and the Dynamics of Industries

We examine the progress of the evolutionary research on innovation, the firm, and the dynamics of industries in the last four decades. The paper acknowledges that the themes related to knowledge and technological regimes, the evolutionary processes leading to innovation, and the long-term dynamics of technologies have generated, and still remain, relevant research trajectories. The same can be said for the research trajectories on organizational and dynamic capabilities, evolutionary strategies, vertical integration, diversification, niche construction, and authority and power in organizations. Important progress has also been made in understanding the evolutionary trajectories of industries, the link between industry architecture and industry dynamics, the types of knowledge of entrants, the role of focal and vertical spinouts, the relevance of institutions and sectoral innovation systems in industry dynamics, and the catch-up process by firms from latecomer countries. We argue that future developments in the evolutionary camp should continue to be characterized by eclecticism and multidisciplinarity, as well as by the integration of different methodologies from cases to stylized facts, quantitative analyses, appreciative theorizing, and formal modelling. We conclude with an analysis of the main methodologies used by evolutionary scholars and a discussion of the road ahead.

Institutional entrepreneurship: collaborative change in a complex Canadian organization

PurposeThis study adopts an institutional entrepreneurship perspective in the context of public–private partnerships (P3s) to highlight the role of social actors in enacting institutional change in a complex organizational setting. By studying the actions of two prominent social actors, the authors argue that successful institutional change is the result of dynamic managerial activity supported by political clout, organizational authority and the social positioning of actors.Design/methodology/approachThe authors conducted a field-based case study in a complex institutional and organizational setting in Alberta, Canada. The authors employed an institutional entrepreneurship perspective to identify and analyze the activities of two allied actors motivated to transform the institutional environment for public infrastructure delivery.FindingsThe empirical study suggests that the implementation of institutional change is both individualistic and collaborative. Moreover, it is grounded in everyday organizational practices and activities and involves a coalition of allies invested in enacting lasting change in organizational practice(s), even when maintaining the status quo seems advantageous.Originality/valueThe authors critique the structural explanations that dominate the literature on public–private partnership implementation, which downplays the role of agency and minimizes its interplay with institutional logics in effecting institutional change. Rather, the authors demonstrate that, given the observed impact of social actors, public–private partnership adoption and implementation can be theorized as a social phenomenon.

Последипломная подготовка специалистов как важное условие и составляющая создания и развития системы паллиативной и хосписной помощи

Актуальность. Согласно международным стандартам и подходами, адекватное кадровое обеспечение является обязательным условием и составляющей создания и успешного развития системы паллиативной и хосписной помощи (ПХП) в любой стране. Одной из основных задач современной профессиональной подготовки медицинских работников (М/Р), которые привлекаются к оказанию ПХП населению, является формирование у них осознания пациент-семья-ориентированной парадигмы, навыков мультидисциплинарной (МД)/командной, межведомственной и межсекторальной координации и сотрудничества. Также важно обеспечить тщательный отбор и соответствующую мотивацию кадров. Поскольку в основе современной системы ПХП лежит МД, межведомственный и межсекторальный подход к оказанию ПХП после соответствующей профессиональной подготовки могут привлекаться врачи любой специальности, младшие медицинские специалисты, а также психологи, социальные работники, юристы и священнослужители, волонтеры, представители местных общин и частных структур, а также сами паллиативные пациенты (ПП) и члены их семей или опекуны. Цель: научное обоснование профессиональной последипломной подготовки специалистов), которые привлекаются к оказанию ПХП населению. Материалы и методы. Нормативно-правовые документы Украины и авторитетных международных профессиональных организаций; отечественные и зарубежные литературные источники с использованием поисковых систем JAMA, Scholar и PubMed; данные официальной статистики; результаты социологического исследования; методы исследования: системного подхода и системного анализа, библиосемантичний, социологический (анкетный опрос) и общепринятые медико-статистические методы. Результаты. Анализ национальных и международных нормативно-правовых документов свидетельствует о важном медико-социальном значении создания и развития системы ПХП населению. Показана роль профессиональной подготовки специалистов по вопросам ПХП. Результаты социологического исследования позволили определить: расчетную потребность населения в ПХП в Украине; состояние службы ПХП и недостаточный уровень знаний и настоятельную потребность М/Р в специальных знаниях по вопросам ПХП. Выводы. Мультидисциплинарная профессиональная подготовка специалистов имеет большое значение для создания системы и повышения доступности, качества и эффективности ПХП. Это позволит М/Р вместе с психологами, социальными работниками, волонтерами, священнослужителями обеспечить комплексную ПХП ПП и членам их семей, включая медицинскую, психологическую, социальную и духовную/ религиозную составляющую.

Shaping the Attitudes of Innovative, Creative and Entrepreneurial Officials State Self-Government Institutions of Hungary, the Czech Republic and Slovakia in Management Public Organizations

Purpose: The aim of the article is to investigate whether the driving force in the management of public organizations are the attitudes of officials on the example of local government institutions in Hungary, the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Approach/Methodology/Design: The research problem is to establish the importance of professional development in shaping innovative, creative and entrepreneurial attitudes of state officials in local government institutions. A research hypothesis was put forward and verified, innovative, creative and entrepreneurial attitudes of state officials determine a high assessment of a state official by the organization's authorities. Findings: Organizational development should be seen as a continuous, continuous learning process in various areas of its management, in which government officials are the most important link in the functioning of local government institutions. They are fundamentally influenced by their mission, vision and goals. Practical Implications: The practical implications of the article are the developed principles and recommendations for innovative and entrepreneurial attitudes of public officials, which translates directly into improving the management of public organizations. Originality/Value: Originality indicates the use of non-implemented analysis results in three countries. For the empirical part, the basis was the primary materials in the form of surveys conducted among government officials of selected self-government institutions of Hungary, the Czech Republic and Slovakia.