Organizational Models Research Articles

Организационно-правовые модели управления крупными городами: городской округ с делением на административные районы, не являющиеся муниципальными образованиями, и городской округ с внутригородским делением

This work is devoted to the consideration and analysis of management models of large urban districts from the point of view of territorial organization. The constant increase in the territory and population in large municipalities with the status of urban districts requires certain changes in the mechanism of exercising power. Currently, there are two models in the Russian Federation that define the territorial organization of government in urban districts. At the first, a unified system of local self-government bodies is maintained, and at the same time, administrative districts are created where territorial divisions of citywide bodies operate to improve the quality of management of individual parts of the city. The second involves the creation of a two-level structure of local self-government bodies, when inner-city districts are formed as independent municipalities with their own competence. The study found that when choosing any of these organizational and legal models, there are a number of features and nuances that affect the quality and nature of the exercise of power, which should be taken into account when implementing and adapting them.

Material characterization revealing production models of the Late Ming silver hairpins

The Site of Jiangkou in Pengshan, Sichuan province revealed the largest assemblage of silver artefacts ever known in China. These artefacts were collected by Zhang Xianzhong, the rebellion general of the Late Ming and Early Qing period, from Sichuan and adjacent provinces, and sunk in the Minjiang River after his failure in 1644 CE. This research focuses on silver hairpins from this assemblage and explores their production system via detailed typological investigation and material characterization. According to their style, forming techniques and material provenance, the Jiangkou hairpins can be divided into three groups corresponding with three different types of production workshops. The first group was made in independent silversmiths mainly serving non-official civilians. Metallographic analysis shows they were made with varied forming techniques, including forging, folding, casting and welding. They were alloyed with varied amount of copper. The other two types have much more standardized forming techniques and are associated with the commercial workshops capable of mass production and government institutions. The commercial workshops commonly used forging-annealing method to make their hairpins and maintained a well consistent chemical composition across their products. The silver hairpins made by government institutions were all cast into shape, suggesting a highly standardized system. This type of hairpins were mostly found in tombs of royal families and high elites. This research revealed a stratified silver production system in the Late Ming period and demonstrated the strength of material characterization in revealing production organization models.

A conceptual framework from the Philippines to analyse organizational capacities for health policy and systems research.

Organizations that perform Health Policy and Systems Research (HPSR) need robust capacities, but it remains unclear what these organizations should look like in practice. We sought to define 'HPSRIs' (pronounced as 'hip-srees', i.e. 'Health Policy and Systems Research Institutions') as organizational models and developed a conceptual framework for assessing their capacities based on a set of attributes. We implemented a multi-method study in the Philippines that comprised: a qualitative analysis of perspectives from 33 stakeholders in the HPSR ecosystem on the functions, strengths and challenges of HPSRIs; a workshop with 17 multi-sectoral representatives who collectively developed a conceptual framework for assessing organizational capacities for HPSRIs based on organizational attributes; and a survey instrument development process that determined indicators for assessing these attributes. We defined HPSRIs to be formally constituted organizations (or institutions) with the minimum essential function of research. Beyond the research function, our framework outlined eight organizational attributes of well-performing HPSRIs that were grouped into four domains, namely: 'research expertise' (1) excellent research, (2) capacity-building driven; 'leadership and management' (3) efficient administration, (4) financially sustainable; 'policy translation' (5) policy orientation, (6) effective communication; and 'networking' (7) participatory approach, (8) convening influence. We developed a self-assessment instrument around these attributes that HPSRIs could use to inform their respective organizational development and collectively discuss their shared challenges. In addition to developing the framework, the workshop also analysed the positionality of HPSRIs and their interactions with other institutional actors in the HPSR ecosystem, and recommends the importance of enhancing these interactions and assigning responsibility to a national/regional authority that will foster the community of HPSRIs. When tailored to their context, HPSRIs that function at the nexus of research, management, policy and networks help achieve the main purpose of HPSR, which is to 'achieve collective health goals and contribute to policy outcomes'.

Organizational and managerial context of project-based learning development in higher school

The article is devoted to the study of the organizational and managerial context of the development of project-based learning in Russian universities. The sample of the study is represented by twelve universities of different types (federal, research, reference) Volga, Ural, Siberian and Southern Federal districts. Based on the traditional analysis of official documents posted on the official websites of universities, an assessment of key aspects of university policies in the implementation of project-based student education was carried out, reflecting the development of the organizational infrastructure of the analyzed practice and forming an environment of social interaction between students, teachers, curators, employers and representatives of educational management. The development of assessment tools was based on the methodology of systemic, organizational and managerial, process, situational and temporal approaches. The purpose of the study is to analyze the organizational and managerial context of project–based education in Russian universities. It is established that the institutional practices of implementing project-based learning in the universities under study have different resource capabilities and are implemented along different trajectories that have their own logic. The study recorded that in the information space, and accordingly in the organizational and managerial environment, diversity is represented in determining the goals and effectiveness of project training. The demarcation lines in the existing organizational and managerial models are strategic forks that ensure: the mass or selectivity of project-based education in universities; orientation towards educational and/or product results; integration of project-based learning into the educational process or the implementation of students' project activities beyond their educational activities. The dependence between the organizational design of project training and its resource provision – regulatory, personnel, and information support is revealed. The scale and intensity of managerial innovations associated with the transition of the educational process to project-based learning formats are more typical for universities included in the “Priority-2030” university development program. They determine not only serious institutional and organizational changes, but also the transformation of social interaction practices in higher education.

Mechanism of increasing the efficiency of functioning of raw material zones of agroindustrial production

The paper presents the results of the analysis of the main organisational and economic models of functioning of raw material zones of agroindustrial production, identifies key features, advantages in the current conditions of the Republic of Belarus and the tasks of improving the current mechanism. The criteria of formation (maximum provision of demand for agricultural raw materials with regard to the optimal utilisation of production capacities and target parameters of food security; increasing the comparative efficiency of agricultural raw materials production in terms of yield (productivity), unit production cost and quality; building up added value within the product chain, etc.) and principles of functioning of highly efficient raw material zones (strategic partnership; increasing competitiveness of agricultural raw material zones) are substantiated.

Navigating organizational excellence: a comparative study and roadmap for streamlining defense infrastructure organizational model of Georgia

In the face of evolving geopolitical dynamics and increasing security challenges, the efficacy of a nation’s defense infrastructure is pivotal. This article conducts a comprehensive exploration of defense infrastructure organizational models, centering on the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Australia, and Latvia. Through a meticulous comparative analysis, the study delves into organizational structures, international operations, responsibilities, and strategic focuses of these nations’ defense infrastructure entities. The goal is to glean insights applicable to Georgia’s unique context, identifying key differences and commonalities to formulate a strategic roadmap for enhancing its defense infrastructure capabilities. The article examines each country’s defense infrastructure model, highlighting distinctive features in organizational structure, international operations, responsibilities, and strategic focus. Drawing upon these insights, the study proposes tailored recommendations for Georgia, spanning organizational structure, international operations, responsibilities and focus, modernization and strategy, and integration of departmental efforts. Key entities within Georgia’s defense infrastructure organizational model, such as the Department of Defense Sustainability, the J-4 Logistics Planning Department, and the Command for Logistics Support of the Troops, are illuminated to underscore their pivotal roles in fortifying the country’s defense capabilities. Concluding with the identification of key areas for improvement in Georgia’s defense infrastructure organization, the article outlines recommendations encompassing organizational structure, international operations, responsibilities and focus, modernization and strategy, and integration of departmental efforts. By aligning Georgia’s defense infrastructure with international best practices, the nation can enhance security, contribute to regional stability, and actively participate in global security efforts. In essence, this article serves as a strategic guide for Georgia, offering a roadmap to fortify its defense infrastructure in a rapidly changing world. Through a synthesis of global insights and tailored recommendations, Georgia can position itself as a resilient and adaptable force, safeguarding national interests and contributing to a more secure global landscape.

Non-profit and hybrid organizations as multi-sided platforms: insights from the analysis of sustainability models

PurposeThis study investigates the sustainability models of non-profit and hybrid organizations, which aim to balance economic, social and environmental objectives. The research introduces the Sustainability Model Canvas to analyze these organizations and identify common patterns, unique characteristics and managerial insights to balance the triple bottom line.Design/methodology/approachThe research utilizes the Sustainability Model Canvas to examine the sustainability models of 200 non-profit and hybrid organizations. Data were collected from secondary sources, including articles, reports and websites. The analysis was conducted using the activity system theoretical framework, which helped to identify design elements and themes within the business models of the studied organizations.FindingsThe study reveals four primary sustainability model patterns: donated income, earned income, public income and auto-generated income. An additional mixed approach pattern is identified, combining elements from the four primary patterns. The research highlights the parallels between these sustainability models and multi-sided platform business models, offering managerial suggestions for leveraging these patterns to achieve sustainability.Research limitations/implicationsThe study is based on secondary data, which may limit the depth of insights compared to primary data collection. At the same time, the chance to consider hybrid organization through multi-sided platform lenses provides relevant contributions to both the literature streams.Practical implicationsThe identified sustainability model patterns and managerial suggestions can serve as blueprints for non-profit and hybrid organizations aiming to design or innovate their sustainability models. The Sustainability Model Canvas offers a practical tool for organizations to visualize and balance their triple bottom line objectives.Social implicationsThe research underscores the importance of integrating social and environmental considerations into business models, promoting a holistic approach to sustainability that can lead to broader social and environmental benefits.Originality/valueThis research contributes to the business model literature by extending the focus beyond traditional profit-oriented organizations to include non-profit and hybrid organizations. The introduction of the Sustainability Model Canvas provides a new tool for designing and analyzing sustainability-oriented business models. The study also suggests considering sustainability models as multi-sided platforms, offering new insights for both academic and practical applications.

THE IMPACT OF SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED TOURISM ENTERPRISES DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION ON THEIR COMPETITIVENESS

At present, China's economy has shifted from a high-speed growth stage to a high-quality development stage. At the macro level, high-quality development takes the form of high-quality economic development, while at the micro level, it manifests as high-quality enterprise development. High-quality enterprise development is the foundation of high-quality economic development. This study explores the mechanism of the digital transformation of small and medium-sized tourism enterprises in terms of their competitiveness and analyzes the regulatory role of environmental uncertainty in the relationship between digital transformation and corporate competitiveness. From the perspective of tourism enterprises, it is necessary to improve the level of data application capabilities, build a digital talent training system, and transform organizational culture and management models; from the perspective of the government, it is necessary to improve the top-level design of digital transformation, build a favorable digital environment, and increase government support.

From De-Tribalisation to Re-tribalisation: Conflict and Organisation Models in Discussing the Structural Transformation of Kurdish Tribes

The concept of tribe has a long history in Kurdish society, signifying a common origin through blood and place ties, corresponding to a strong collective identity and having socio-political implications. This form of social organisation, which emphasises tradition, locality and hierarchy, was expected to disappear with the modernisation movements. However, neither political actors nor modernity have been able to achieve de-tribalisation. On the contrary, the tribe has managed to reproduce itself in all processes, structures and formations. So what are the basic dynamics that make this adaptation possible? This article argues that the main dynamics that have sustained the tribal structure, and thus prevented de-tribalisation, are tribal-specific organisational models and inter-tribal conflicts, especially in accordance with the segmentary lineage system. Elections, capitalist relations, non-governmental organisations, etc. are considered in this article as intermediaries that keep these dynamics alive. Drawing on the theoretical knowledge and perspectives of anthropology and political science, the article concludes that micro-political issues such as conflict and conflict resolution strengthen the spirit of togetherness, ensure unity of action and thus make re-tribalisation possible.

Exploration of Innovation Strategy in the Deep Integration of Information Technology and Education and Teaching

The rapid development of information technology provides a new opportunity and impetus for the reform of education and teaching. Deep integration of information technology and education and teaching is the only way to promote the modernization of education. Starting from the connotation of the deep integration of information technology and education and teaching, this paper analyzes the existing problems in the current integration process, and puts forward innovative strategies from the aspects of concept, resources, model, and evaluation. Through measures such as building a smart teaching environment, enriching high-quality teaching resources, innovating teaching organization models, and establishing multiple evaluation systems, we will realize the deep integration of information technology and teaching, promote the reform of teaching and learning methods, improve the quality of personnel training, and provide strong support for the modernization of education.

Between rhetoric and reality: effects of FIFA’s Human Rights Policy on its organisational structures and procedures

ABSTRACT In a ground-breaking development, The Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) responded to the global call for human rights protection within the sports world by adopting a Human Rights Policy. This policy represents a significant paradigm shift, redefining how sports organisations approach and advocate for equality, respect, and accountability in human rights. This article uses a single and explanatory qualitative case study approach to examine the effects of FIFA’s Human Rights Policy on the organisation. Data for this research were obtained through a documentary analysis of reports from FIFA’s Human Rights Advisory Board as well as eight semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders. The study sheds light on transformative changes across the administration of the organisation, its governance structures and decision-making procedures. By building on organisational change models, the study reveals a dual impact of FIFA’s Human Rights Policy. On the one hand, positive outcomes were identified, including significant organisational and administrative changes, increased resources, improvements in the FIFA World Cup bidding process and enhanced stakeholder engagement. On the other, challenges persist in fully integrating human rights throughout the organisation, particularly in leadership, governance structures, political decision-making, and remedy mechanisms.

Model of innovation in agriculture 4.0 processes in the department of Cundinamarca, Colombia

Innovation in agriculture plays a fundamental role in the transition of said production towards more sustainable schemes, hence the importance of its study, especially in relation to production processes. The literature shows that although several studies have been carried out that examine the variables that intervene in the innovation processes in the agricultural sector, there is a lack of studies that examine the innovation processes in Colombia. This is why the fundamental objective of this research is to develop a model that explains the main factors that are related to process innovation in the agricultural sector, using concepts derived from organizational innovation process models developed in the literature. The factors identification methodology used a sample of 1,190 Agricultural Production Units (UPA) collected in the National Agricultural Survey, incorporating only producers from the department of Cundinamarca, Colombia. With this sample, and using for the analysis the variables that are developed in the literature, a principal components factorial analysis was carried out, as well as a second-order confirmatory factorial analysis. The factor analysis shows three latent factors, among them “Innovation in Raw Materials”, “Innovation in crops” and “Innovation in management of External Factors”, which, being the most significant for the process innovation process, should be considered as fundamental part of the government's public policies to facilitate its adoption in Colombian agriculture in the future.

ENTERPRISE ECOSYSTEM AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: IMMANENT INTERDEPENDENCE

Global hypercompetition necessitates the development of new models of business collaboration among economic entities. Enterprise ecosystem is one form of organization and support for entrepreneurship that facilitates the transition from competition to cooperation among business entities. The article explores various theoretical approaches to defining the concept of ecosystem that enabled to propose the author’s interpretation. It is substantiated that the entrepreneurial ecosystem offers optimal pathways and effective tools for fostering innovation and economic growth, grounded in the principles of sustainable development. A comparative analysis of organizational models of activity is conducted. Compared to other organisational models, the ecosystem entails the transformation of hierarchical management mechanisms, giving rise to a dynamic environment facilitating the free exchange of knowledge, information, resources, technologies, and competencies. The synergistic model of the enterprise ecosystem within the framework of sustainable development is proposed. The model exhibits several characteristic features: cross-industry interaction, which maximizes synergies more effectively than corporate ties; diversification of activities with a focus on lean innovation; emphasis on environmental sustainability and the commercialization of developments; flexibility of business processes; autonomy of participants and adherence to voluntary cooperation principles. The article substantiates the key improvement strategies that enterprises should implement to achieve synergistic effects and sustainable development goals within the enterprise ecosystem.

A Systemic Review on the Adoption of Service Design Practices to Improve the Quality of User Experience and Organization in the Healthcare Environment

Healthcare services and spaces are recognized as complex ecosystems where different user categories interact daily facing often urgent and difficult situations that challenge the established organizational and procedural models. The increasingly evolving needs and conditions influencing the processes affect the capacity to quickly adapt the available operational models as well as spaces to provide a timely and efficient response. This calls for new approaches and methods to enable the managing staff to overcome the conventional silos-based structure and integrate new methods and tools to facilitate interdisciplinary analysis and synergies. Some frontrunning healthcare structures started to adopt Service Design practices, which are largely grounded in the Design Thinking approach, to reshape the conventional models for improving the quality of user experience with remarkable expected impacts on social, economic, and environmental sustainability in the mid-long run. Following the rigorous investigation structure of Systemic Review, the paper explores the adoption of Service Design practices in frontrunner experiences focusing on organizational aspects to draft a reference framework, including successful factors, barriers, and viable pathways, which are currently missing. The main scope of the paper is accordingly to address the detected gaps in clarifying methods tools and goals of Service Design-oriented practices for improving healthcare processes and user experience quality. The main reported findings highlight the importance of introducing Co-Design and participative practices to integrate specialistic perspectives and organizational aspects as well as to engage all the key players at different levels.

Integrated surveillance systems for antibiotic resistance in a One Health context: a scoping review

BackgroundAntibiotic resistance (ABR) has emerged as a major threat to health. Properly informed decisions to mitigate this threat require surveillance systems that integrate information on resistant bacteria and antibiotic use in humans, animals, and the environment, in line with the One Health concept. Despite a strong call for the implementation of such integrated surveillance systems, we still lack a comprehensive overview of existing organizational models for integrated surveillance of ABR. To address this gap, we conducted a scoping review to characterize existing integrated surveillance systems for ABR.MethodsThe literature review was conducted using the PRISMA guidelines. The selected integrated surveillance systems were assessed according to 39 variables related to their organization and functioning, the socio-economic and political characteristics of their implementation context, and the levels of integration reached, together with their related outcomes. We conducted two distinct, complementary analyses on the data extracted: a descriptive analysis to summarize the characteristics of the integrated surveillance systems, and a multiple-correspondence analysis (MCA) followed by a hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) to identify potential typology for surveillance systems.ResultsThe literature search identified a total of 1330 records. After the screening phase, 59 references were kept from which 14 integrated surveillance systems were identified. They all operate in high-income countries and vary in terms of integration, both at informational and structural levels. The different systems combine information from a wide range of populations and commodities -in the human, animal and environmental domains, collection points, drug-bacterium pairs, and rely on various diagnostic and surveillance strategies. A variable level of collaboration was found for the governance and/or operation of the surveillance activities. The outcomes of integration are poorly described and evidenced. The 14 surveillance systems can be grouped into four distinct clusters, characterized by integration level in the two dimensions. The level of resources and regulatory framework in place appeared to play a major role in the establishment and organization of integrated surveillance.ConclusionsThis study suggests that operationalization of integrated surveillance for ABR is still not well established at a global scale, especially in low and middle-income countries and that the surveillance scope is not broad enough to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the complex dynamics of ABR to appropriately inform mitigation measures. Further studies are needed to better characterize the various integration models for surveillance with regard to their implementation context and evaluate the outcome of these models.

რეგიონში ტურისტული და გადამზიდავი კომპანიების თანამშრომლობის ორგანიზაციული მოდელის სრულყოფა

Tourism is recognized as one of the priority directions in the country's development. Its development is impossible without the development of relevant infrastructure and service industries in the regions. In this regard, transport services have a decisive role in the revival of the industry. Transport services for tourists in the Imereti region are mainly provided by private transport and tourism companies. In the research process, various options of the organizational model of cooperation of tourist and transport companies were developed for tourism and transport companies and their SWOT analysis was made. Modern tourist transport, regardless of its type, can belong to different forms of ownership. Transport services for tourists in the Imereti region are mainly provided by private transport and tourism companies. In the research process, various organizational models of cooperation of tourism and transport companies and their SWOT analyses were developed. Based on the conducted research, we obtained a specific scientific product, in particular: 1. Organizational models of tourism and transport enterprises in the transport services market were developed and their SWOT analysis was made. 2. In the Imereti region, such a form of relationship between entities in the market of tourist transport services is appropriate, such as the union of tourist firms and transport companies. This form of union solves some problems that arise in the process of tourist transport services, allowing tourist companies to work more efficiently, reduce costs, and increase the quality of service.

A systematic approach to the supply of non-metallic construction materials on river transportation

n the presented study, the process of extraction and supply of non-metallic building materials on river transport is described from a systematic point of view. In the course of the study, functional and organizational models of a generalized river transport enterprise were developed for the system of extraction and supply of non-metallic building materials, as well as several organizational models of the following functional subsystems included in it: pre-production, extraction and production of non-metallic building materials, supply management, planning, logistics. Special attention is paid to the study of the pre-production stage of the logistic process of extraction and production of these materials. A systematic approach has made it possible to show that currently the weakest link in the supply of non-metallic building materials by river transport is the backward technical base of production and transshipment of non-metallic building materials. This is due to the fact that the modernization of mining equipment is hampered, on the one hand, by the practical absence of its production by domestic enterprises, and, on the other hand, by sanctions restrictions on foreign supplies. This affects the cost and quality of non-metallic construction materials supplied; environmental processes accompanying the extraction process. Additionally, the weak development of digital technologies in interaction with customers has an impact on supply management in general, and the lack of a scientifically based inventory management system in the process of year-round production and supply affects the level of service and cost of supplies.

How Pentahelix Can Foster Institutional Capacity and Commitment (Study Case Coffee Business Development)

Sekolah Kopi Raisa, a hybrid organization that empowers and educates communities, has an institutional model that other similar organizations might use. Penta helix players affect organization creation and performance. With a penta-helix approach, this study builds a model of Sekolah Kopi Raisa's commitment and institutional capability in coffee company growth. This study employs descriptive qualitative methods. Penta-helix players must support research findings to increase organizational commitment and capability. Both components boost corporate productivity and impact society. Penta helix actors promote organizational commitment and capacity development models, including change goals, influence, normative commitment, emotional, and shared vision. Human resources, networks, and structural development are other entities.

Information Technology Impact on Business Model: Case Study Peer to Peer Lending Company

Current technological developments encourage companies to re-evaluate their organizational business models to take advantage of technological advances. This research explores the impact of information technology in business model transformation at peer-to-peer lending company. PT XYZ is one of a financial technology (fintech) company in Indonesia which was originally engaged in the traditional lending and borrowing business and then transformed into peer-to-peer lending and then developed Supply Chain Financing (SCF) with a Business to Business (B2B) scheme which was previously only done by banks. The IT Impact Map analysis conducted in this study shows this company’s strategic transformation in adopting technology, IT has an impact on company strategy and value through business process reengineering and allows companies to capture new opportunities.

Social Determinants of Health as a Dimension of State Policy: A Comparative Analysis

This article explores the extensive international regulatory frameworks governing the healthcare sector, with a primary focus on developed nations worldwide, encompassing the United States, France, Germany, and the United Kingdom. The authors offer insights into various national healthcare systems, contending that the regulatory paradigms within this industry are inextricably linked to the socio-economic policies specific to each country. Modern healthcare systems are deemed "advantageous" due to the emergence of mixed healthcare structures and diverse organizational forms, undergoing constant reform across the globe. The authors underscore the imperative need for effectively institutionalizing the healthcare sector. While acknowledging the inherent imperfections within the various healthcare organizational models mentioned, the article posits that a judiciously structured healthcare paradigm uniquely possesses the capacity to augment both the quality and accessibility of healthcare—a pivotal determinant for the amelioration of overall quality of life and citizen well-being.