Brazilian Organizations Research Articles

P831 Clinical factors associated with severity in patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Brazil (On Behalf of GEDIIB)

Abstract Background Brazil has shown an increase in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) cases. GEDIIB (Brazilian Organization of Crohn’s Disease and Colitis) established a data platform to create a national registry of IBD patients. The study aimed to characterize the profile of IBD patients and identify clinical factors associated with IBD severity. Methods A cohort study was conducted between Jul/20 and Aug/22. Data obtained from medical records and/or directly from patients were registered via REDCap. Local institutional review boards approved the study protocol. We designed a population-based risk model aimed at stratifying severe disease based on one or more outcome variables: previous hospitalization, surgery, and biologics. Univariate and bivariate analyses and Poisson modeling were used. Results A total of 1,179 patients were included: 600 (51%) with ulcerative colitis (UC), 568 (48%) with Crohn’s Disease (CD), and 11 (0.9%) with indeterminate colitis. The mean age was 34.4±14.7y, 59% female, 73% Caucasian, and 85.3% non-smoker. Regarding the initial symptoms, 42% presented diarrhea, 38% abdominal pain, and 20% weight loss. The age of IBD symptom onset ranged from 1-87 years (32.3±14.4). According to the Montreal classification of CD, A1: 5%, A2: 63%, A3: 32%; L1: 29.7%, L2: 14.3%, L3: 41.2%, B1: 32%, B2: 26.7%, B3: 11.3%; perianal 15.5%. In UC, 46.3% presented pancolitis and 30% left-sided colitis. Only 3.9% were malnourished, 30.9% were overweight, and 18% were obese. The main extraintestinal manifestations were rheumatologic (21%). Regarding medical treatment, 68.1% of the patients received biologics (45% Infliximab, 29% Adalimumab, 9.7% Vedolizumab, and 8.8% Ustekinumab), 67% salicylates, 47.6% immunosuppressors, and 0.8% Tofacitinib. Of those submitted to surgery (34.1%, n=439), 54% were elective versus 46% urgent; most procedures (80%) were open/laparotomy, while 20% were laparoscopic. Of those, 8.5% were colectomy. The presence of CD, pancolitis, the absence of (isolated) proctitis, younger age (<20 years), rheumatologic manifestations, and no history of smoking were found to be independent risk factors. Conclusion This is the first epidemiological study using the national patient registry organized by GEDIIB. The profile of patients with severe disease is consistent with the data in the literature, characterized by younger age, greater extent of disease, and extraintestinal manifestations. Further epidemiological studies should be encouraged to guide national policies aimed at the early diagnosis and treatment of IBD.

Statistical analysis of published literature on Knowledge Organization in Brazil

Resumo Para compreender um campo, é preciso conhecer como cresce a literatura por ele produzida. Objetiva-se realizar análise estatística inferencial do crescimento da literatura publicada por pesquisadores brasileiros sobre Organização e Representação do Conhecimento de 1972 até 2021. Apresenta-se uma revisão sobre os estudos de crescimento da literatura, e exploram-se os modelos propostos para medir esse crescimento. Foi realizada a coleta de artigos publicados em periódicos acadêmicos, capítulos de livros e trabalhos apresentados em congressos que tratassem alguns aspectos da ORC em lista abrangente de bases de dados e sítios da web, sendo criada uma base de dados em EndNote X8. A literatura coletada foi analisada à luz do Modelo de Crescimento Exponencial e do Modelo Epidêmico. O estudo resultou em 3.630 artigos, produzidos por 2.535 pesquisadores diferentes, sendo a maior parte em trabalhos de evento (53,3%), seguido por artigos em periódicos (35,2%) e por capítulos de livros (5%). O português foi o idioma de 89,5% dos textos, encontrando-se publicações em inglês, espanhol e francês. Quanto aos autores, 20 são os mais produtivos e representam 5% do total de autores pesquisando e publicando no campo. Conclui-se que é partir do ano 2000 que a publicação começa a crescer de forma exponencial, sendo que 10,3% dela foi publicada nos primeiros 30 anos e 67,2% dela foi publicada nos últimos 10 anos. Essa literatura está crescendo de forma exponencial com uma taxa de 12,2% ao ano, duplicando seu volume a cada seis anos, e não alcançou ainda seu ponto de saturação.

Autismo nas organizações: percepções e ações para inclusão do ponto de vista de gestores

Abstract Our article aims to identify managers’ perceptions and actions for inclusion of people with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in organizations that employ these professionals in Brazil. The number of people diagnosed with autism in the US has increased, according to 2021 data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). In comparison with the USA, from the transposition of the data, Brazil counts a number close to 4.48 million of autistic people (Paiva, 2021) in 2021. Most Brazilian organizations do not offer minimum conditions for the inclusion of these professionals (Leopoldino, 2018), and the topic is still scarce in the international and national academic literature, especially empirically. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with six executives from national and foreign companies that hire professionals with ASD. Through thematic analysis, managers’ perceptions of these professionals and the inclusion actions adopted by them were identified. The results indicate that the perceptions of managers are based on stereotypes but these end up changing as they live with professionals with ASD. Regarding actions for inclusion, the importance of a culture of inclusion was identified, as well as the monitoring of professionals with ASD by intermediaries at all stages of their careers and the attention of those involved with their health. The results provide useful findings for organizations that promote diversity and show that actions for the inclusion of people with ASD are still incipient in our country.

THE USE OF IT AND FRUGAL INNOVATON AS A COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE IN BRAZIL

Este estudo teve o objetivo de avaliar como o uso de TI contribui com a adoção da Inovação Frugal nas organizações brasileiras. Ela tem sido um fator importante de vantagem competitiva em países em desenvolvimento, como Índia e China, os quais apresentam casos expressivos de sucesso de modelos de negócios com esta abordagem, mesmo em seus cenários de limitações e restrições de recursos. Por meio da análise de duas organizações, este estudo de caso múltiplo, permitiu entender como a Inovação Frugal, contribui na competitividade destas organizações brasileiras, visto que o desenvolvimento de inovações no Brasil difere dos países desenvolvidos. O contexto pandêmico, que ocorreu durante a elaboração deste trabalho, aumenta a importância deste estudo, dadas as discussões das organizações e da comunidade científica para encontrar um cenário de reconfiguração de seus modelos e a recuperação econômica necessária após este período complexo em que está vivendo a população mundial. DOI: 10.18226/23190639.v10n2.04

Casos Múltiplos de Voluntariado Pró-Vida em uma Abordagem Ética Neoaristotélica

ABSTRACT Objective: to understand the relationship between moral virtues and phronesis from volunteers of civil society organizations that work for the protection and assistance of pregnant women, known as pro-life. Theoretical framework: the perspective of virtue ethics is presented in the neo-Aristotelian approach as a theoretical framework, according to which human conduct is understood as based on the dispositions of character, the moral virtues, as well as through practical wisdom or phronesis, with the purpose (telos) of human flourishing. Method: the research strategy consists of a qualitative multiple case study approach in Brazilian (n = 2) and Spanish (n = 2) organizations, focusing on their volunteers (n = 17 participants). The field was accessed through participant observation, semi-structured face-to-face interview, and documentary research, thematically analyzing their content with the aid of NVivo software. Results: the results suggest how they act and learn virtues throughout their experience as volunteers - prudence (phronesis), temperance, courage, and hope - to know how to approach, advise, judge, or restrain judgment and help pregnant women establish priorities and perspectives for the future (foresight). Evidence supports the relationship of the phronesis-temperance and phronesis-hope relationship to balance current priorities and future expectations. Conclusion: different contexts may reveal similar virtues in volunteer practices. The results reinforce the assumption of the unity of virtues. Evidence, limitations, and research possibilities are discussed.

Activities of civil society organizations of Brazil in the social sphere

The article analyzes the activities of Brazilian civil society organizations in the social sphere. The NGOs’ activities with vulnerable segments are highlighted in the article. The evolution is traced from religious philanthropic initiatives to large-scale educational projects focused on various age categories. The paper describes the target audience of these programs as well as provides the effectiveness indicators of such. The results of this study show that in modern society, social inequality and poverty can be counteracted only by applying a comprehensive approach that includes both traditional methods of Christian philanthropy and the latest educational and cultural tools. At the same time, the activities of Brazilian NGOs in the social sphere are primarily aimed at mitigating and correcting the shortcomings of public policy.

Lugar de Mulher é… na Política: Reflexões sobre Micro e Macroagressões de Identidades

ABSTRACT Objective: analyze the identity constitution of women who have entered politics in Brazil, in the face of a scenario of micro and macroaggressions. Theoretical approach: identity theory, in which identity is defined as a self-reflexive concept that allows individuals to know and understand themselves in the midst of cultural, social, and organizational specificities. Method: basic qualitative study carried out with assistance of semi-structured interviews content analysis. Results: the main results showed that the identity of women active in politics is gradually formed; however, this construction is permeated by attempts of invalidations since the intention of candidacy. The invalidations through microaggressions permeate the organizational context and, because they are present on a larger scale, they highlight what is pointed out as macroaggressions. Conclusions: this study contributes to the literature by proposing the concept of macroaggressions. In practical terms, this study brings as a contribution a discussion focused on SDG 5 and the need for a greater female insertion in Brazilian political organizations.

O papel das capacidades de TI, capacidade de reconfiguração de TI e inovatividade no desempenho organizacional: evidências do setor público brasileiro

Abstract The growing investments in information technology (IT) each year pushes public sector organizations to develop the ability to gather, integrate, and implement these resources to improve organizational processes. Public sector organizations have to be agile and flexible to meet society’s dynamic demands. In this sense, IT management and creating an organizational environment facilitating innovation are crucial measures. These organizations must learn to cultivate IT capabilities and innovativeness to improve their performance and create public value. Thus, this study aims to identify the existing relationships between innovativeness, IT capabilities, IT reconfiguration capability, and organizational performance in the public sector. The research analyzed data from 254 Brazilian public organizations of the most diverse sizes and sectors using structural equation modeling (SEM). The results indicated that the ability to reconfigure IT must be listed among the organizations’ IT capabilities. Also, the findings suggest that IT capabilities foster organizations’ innovativeness, and IT capabilities and innovativeness positively impact the organizations’ performance. The study contributes to knowledge of innovation and IT capabilities by testing theoretical propositions identified in the context of the private sector but insufficiently assessed in the public sector. Finally, the study points out ways for public managers to better prepare their institutions to face constantly changing environments.

The Effect of Governance on Donations: Evidence from Brazilian Environmental Nonprofit Organizations

The Effect of Governance on Donations: Evidence from Brazilian Environmental Nonprofit Organizations

Neither formal nor informal: the diverse practices in Brazilian party organizations

RESUMO Introdução: As práticas internas dos partidos políticos brasileiros são formais ou informais? A aderência aos estatutos, de um lado, ou o personalismo nos procedimentos partidários, de outro, estão associados aos padrões de democracia interna de cada partido? Questionamos os diagnósticos correntes acerca da prevalência da informalidade e das relações pessoais nas organizações partidárias do Brasil. Materiais e métodos: Baseado em survey inédito e de abrangência nacional com dirigentes e ex-dirigentes subnacionais de 25 agremiações partidárias, avaliamos o nível de aderência às regras, o personalismo e a democracia intrapartidária de uma série de processos típicos dessas organizações: seleção de candidatos, financiamento de campanha, intervenções em diretórios, escolhas de dirigentes etc. Ao todo, foram analisadas 2.421 respostas validadas, abrangendo 36 questões (do total de 52 no questionário), entre março e maio de 2020. Resultados: As análises descritivas e as escalas z-score demonstram que as práticas não são homogeneamente formais ou informais, variando significativamente as estruturas internas de cada partido. De modo complementar, os modelos logit multivariados demonstraram que a percepção de formalidade (aderência às regras e impessoalidade) está associada à democracia intrapartidária em diferentes processos. Partidos que adotam regras formais mais estritas e providas de mecanismos efetivos de enforcement tendem a optar por práticas internas mais inclusivas que dispersam o poder entre diferentes camadas da máquina partidária. Discussão: Após quatro décadas de experiência democrática, cabe superar as suposições assentadas em previsões institucionais ou estudos de casos sobre as organizações partidárias brasileiras. As evidências apontam que os partidos são diferentes entre si e essas agremiações não podem ser reduzidas à pessoalidade e à informalidade. As associações constatadas entre pluralidade institucional dos partidos e seus diferentes graus de democracia interna ilustram essa necessidade de buscar abordagens sustentadas por empiria nos estudos sobre instituições e práticas organizacionais.

Integrating Project Management, Software Development, and Knowledge Management Models: A Case Study in a Public ICT Services Organization

In project-based organizations knowledge is a critical resource used to develop and deliver products and services with a high level of quality. Therefore, a systematic and sustainable process is necessary to coordinate knowledge management, project management and product lifecycle. This scenario predominates in companies focused on the creation and maintenance of information systems. This article presents an exploratory study based on a framework that integrates cognitive, managerial, and operational processes in a public Brazilian organization that provides services in the area of information and communications technology, focusing on the construction and maintenance of information systems. Those processes are operationalized by three management models considering knowledge, project, and software development processes. Our proposal aims to understand the relationships between those three management models and their influence on the software development process in the organization under study. Our premise is based on the principle that cognitive management, project management, and software development management must be integrated to fulfill the demands of product development and service provision. The research data was composed of registers of working hours spent on software development and maintenance projects involving 244 people allocated to 5064 projects in the period from 2007 to 2013. The study resulted in the identification of the relationships among the three management models adopted by the organization, with emphasis on knowledge management activities, which were not directly identified, making it difficult to account for and measure them. We established a set of activities connected to each one of the knowledge management model phases. Since those activities were not visible before, our approach contributed to build a systematic process to register and relate activities linked to the dimensions of cognitive processes, project management, and software construction.

PC DO B, CHINA E MAOÍSMO CONTINUIDADE E RUPTURA

The Communist Party of Brazil (PCdoB), originating from the Communist Brazilian Communist Party (PCB) and allied with the USSR, was the first Brazilian organization to ally itself with China — after the Sino-Soviet rupture — and to have Mao Zedong's thought as one of its main political and theoretical references. However, this relationship was not always harmonious and coherent. With the changes made in China after the death of Mao Zedong in 1976, the PCdoB began to take a turn in relation to China's positions from the publication in November 1977 in the Renmin Ribao newspaper of the three worlds theory. The effect of this was not only to move the PCdoB away from the positions adopted by the CCP, but also to break with Mao Zedong's thinking by holding him responsible for such a theory adopted by the CCP. However, with the crisis of the so-called “real socialism” in 1989/90, the PCdoB changed its position and resumed contact with the PCCh, and in addition to having China currently as its main external reference, Mao Zedong's work returned to be resumed and without the rejection that marked the 1980s.

“Many of us are rare”: the right to health and the moral economy of rare diseases activism in Brazil (1990-2020)

This article discusses the different meanings attributed to the right to health in the mobilizations to guarantee care for rare disease patients in Brazil. Since the early 1990s, rare disease patient family associations have been putting agendas to the public authorities, with demands ranging from the recognition of diseases to the development of research and diagnostic tests. The trajectory of the mobilizations to guarantee care for rare disease patients is part of a broader process of social articulation around the possibilities and limits of the Brazilian National Health System. The right to health is at the center of this process, being the Subject of varied debates and interpretations in the political, health, and legal arenas, involving arguments guided by scientific evidence, legal principles, and moral values. We argue that these variations in the directions of the right to health have involved concomitant processes of strengthening networks of rare disease actors and institutions, and of maturing the healthcare system, both converging towards the establishment of a “moral economy of rare disease patients”. This moral economy is centered on the idea that the public health relevance of these diseases cannot be identified by epidemiological evidence, but rather by individual and family experience. We used a wide scope of documentation: texts from newspapers and magazines widely circulated in the country, legislative material, publications in specialized journals, and website materials from rare disease patient organizations in Brazil.

Influence of workplace spirituality in the job satisfaction of the public sector employees

The spirituality of the human being is a subject discussed since ancient times. Until today, no civilization was finding that did not have some kind of developed religion and spirituality. Spirituality is finding in many ways and in many places, including in the workplace. The objective of this research was to verify whether workplace spirituality influences job satisfaction of public sector employees. A survey based on a model created from the scales of workplace spirituality (Liu & Robertson, 2011) and job satisfaction (Siqueira, 2008) was conducted in a Brazilian public organization. Data analysis was done with SEM-CB. The results validate the model for predicting the influence of workplace spirituality on job satisfaction. We improved the model by providing context and by endorsing the idea that managers are able to improve the satisfaction of their work force, especially those working in the public sector, to deliver better services to citizens.

Second-generation biodiesel in Brazil: an analysis of research on animal fats through social and complex networks

The production of second-generation biodiesel is seen as more sustainable than first-generation biodiesel as it is produced from residues such as animal fats, a by-product of the meat industry. In Brazil, the biodiesel sector has become the main market for animal fats, absorbing around 712 thousand tons in 2018, equivalent to 38% of the fat produced. In order to reach this level, research and development were carried out supported by the Brazilian government through the Brazilian Biodiesel Technology and Innovation Network. The objective of this study is to map the scientific networks formed by Brazilian organizations that have collaborated to solve research problems regarding animal fats for biodiesel production through Social Networks Analysis and The Theory of Complex Networks. An exploratory-descriptive study was conducted in the main collection of Web of Science (WoS). It was observed that research started in 2008 and involved more than 80 institutions. The institutional network formed was of a small-world type, composed of 20 clusters. The research was indexed in 19 knowledge areas, with an emphasis on Chemistry, Energy and Fuels, and Engineering and 70% of them received some type of funding to conduct the research.

Researcher management and cooperation: challenges in Brazilian research organizations from the perspective of microfoundations

In this work, we explore the dynamics of microfoundations dimensions (individuals, processes and structures) of research organizations (ROs) in order to diagnose the challenges faced by researcher management in Brazilian ROs and improve cooperative actions. To this end, analytical variables were defined from the theoretical fields of management (people and microfoundations) and research-industry cooperation, and applied in three exploratory-descriptive case studies. The results show that the effectiveness of research-industry cooperation depends on paradigm shift and long-term actions, such as the implementation of a collaborative organizational culture and the prioritization of innovative governance. Furthermore, the development of these capacities is hampered by the low maturity of career development processes, structural and financial-budgetary constraints. This research contributes to theoretical development, establishing constructs from the ROs specificities and proposing initial relationships among the analytical variables structured. For practice, we highlight the organizational diagnosis and actions for a better cooperative performance of ROs.

Guidelines adopted by agile teams in privacy requirements elicitation after the Brazilian general data protection law (LGPD) implementation.

The Brazilian General Data Protection Law (LGPD) implementation has impacted activities carried out by the software development teams. Due to it, developers had to become aware of the existing techniques and tools to carry out privacy requirements elicitation. Extending our previous work, we have investigated the actions taken by organizations regarding the LGPD, specifically in software development, considering the perception of agile development teams after two years of the LGPD implementation. In addition, we also investigated the perception of an agile team regarding the practices, techniques, and tools previously cited by practitioners as potential solutions for use in this context, along with techniques already in use in the current context. We have conducted a systematic literature review (SLR) and selected 36 primary studies. Furthermore, we have conducted a survey with 53 IT practitioners and semi-structured interviews with ten practitioners. The LGPD principles are known by most agile teams and are being implemented by the organizations, although the existing tools to support privacy requirements elicitation are still underused by agile teams. Moreover, agile teams consider that software requirements and software construction are the most impacted areas of knowledge by the LGPD, and most of them use user stories in privacy requirements elicitation. Our findings reveal that agile teams and Brazilian organizations are more concerned with user data privacy issues after the LGPD became effective. However, agile teams still face challenges in privacy requirements elicitation.

When Unproductive Employee Behaviors are Ignored: Effects on Job Satisfaction

Management’s failure to address performance problems is often the reality in public organizations and the costs of that may not be restricted to the lost productivity of poor-performing employees. In this article, we investigate the extent to which the job satisfaction of public employees may be negatively affected by the perception that unproductive employee behaviors (such as low productivity, poor quality of work, absenteeism, lateness, missing deadlines, etc.) are systematically ignored in their organizations. We propose that this effect is mediated by both perceived rewards and recognition received and employee-organization value congruence (a parallel mediation model). To test our hypotheses, we surveyed 256 government employees from varied public organizations in Brazil. In line with our predictions, we find that perceived organizational failure to address unproductive employee behaviors is negatively related to job satisfaction and that both perceived rewards received and value congruence mediate this effect.

From fashion to farm: Green marketing innovation strategies in the Brazilian organic cotton ecosystem

This study explores how green marketing innovations have been co-created by Brazilian organic cotton ecosystem participants, in order to understand how they develop green marketing innovation strategies together. Organic cotton in Brazil shows how initiatives and programs that act above commercial interests could offer guidance and promote cohesion in the ecosystem. To discuss how collaborative achievements and green marketing strategies can impact innovation, a case study on the Brazilian organic cotton ecosystem was conducted. Results showed that the evolution of organic cotton was based on the initiative of designers and branded producers, and on a network that includes Brazilian R&D institutions, international and Brazilian non-governmental organisations (NGOs), smallholders’ associations, and the government. Their joint effort built the ecosystem and led smallholders to adopt sustainable agroecological practices such as rainfed crops, soil nutrition, biodiversity maintenance, and integrated fibre and food crop production. The outcomes of those initiatives are enhanced production, expanding market opportunities, and better social and economic conditions for families in rural areas. For the advance of knowledge about green marketing, this paper offers a perspective that includes a marketing pillar and an ecosystem pillar.

Challenges for lean construction adoption in the Brazilian industry: a study in construction companies, universities and class organizations

PurposeThis paper aims to evaluate the current level of knowledge about lean construction (LC) practices in construction companies, universities and class organizations in Brazil and identify the barriers to implementing LC in the Brazilian construction industry and prioritize them through comparison with global challenges.Design/methodology/approachThis multiple case study was carried out through a questionnaire answered by 56 construction companies, 15 universities and 10 professional associations. The questionnaire evaluation allowed the authors to determine the level of knowledge about the LC, its adoption and barriers to its adoption in the Brazilian industry. The results were statistically analyzed using the weighted average (MIS) of results using the Kruskal–Wallis test, which compares sample distribution among groups, and Cronbach’s alpha test to measure the questionnaire reliability.FindingsThis study points to universities as the main ones responsible for the low adoption of LC in Brazil and points to the need for an integrated action among construction companies, universities and class organizations to overcome the traditional project management culture and raise the level of knowledge about LC.Originality/valueThis study evaluated the current LC situation in an emerging country, Brazil, and compared it with the principal international challenges observed in studies of other developing countries – China, India, Morocco, Saudi Arabia and Singapore – least developed countries – Bangladesh and Nigeria – and developed country – UK. These studies evaluated construction companies located in the listed countries. Based on that, 22 international challenges were established for the LC adoption. Additionally, this research also evaluated universities and working-class organizations in addition to construction companies. This addition can contribute to a better result understanding that can be explored by Brazil and other countries.