Organizational Field Research Articles

Institutionally eclipsed organizational practices

Purpose Institutional theory is focused on the prevalence of social value over economic imperatives in organizational life, but what happens when taken-for-granted practices offer neither technical nor institutional value at all? In this paper, the authors theorize an important but omitted in the organizational literature scenario and a class of institutionalized practices. The authors conceptualize them as institutionary eclipsed practices. The paper offers a theory of institutional shadow and institutional eclipsed practices that explains the remarkable persistence of institutions despite the obvious absence of value. Design/methodology/approach The authors offer a theoretical framework for studying institutional practices that have neither economic nor social value. The authors illustrate institutionally eclipsed practices with an example of educational organizations and practices, but the theory of institutional shadow developed in this paper goes beyond this case. Findings Organizations adopt global institutional standards for local organizational fields where different institutional norms prevail and different meanings and values are attached to these global institutions. In some cases, such institutions may lose their technical value and have no social (legitimizing) value in a new institutional context. Such practice is taken for granted, enacted, reproduced and maintained as necessary because it is encoded into the very institutional image of a profession (and social role). An institutionally eclipsed practice becomes a taken-for-granted, integral part of organizational members’ daily routines. Still, neither efficiency nor social benefits and value are offered by such a practice for organizational members. At the same time, as institutionalized practices are resistant and usually immune to technical, economic and social changes, they tend to endure and persist in organizations. Both a disintegrated practice and organizational members who enact it get into the limbo of the institutional shadow. Originality/value The authors distinguish and theorize three main conditions that allow institutionally eclipsed practices to emerge, proliferate and persist in organizations and across organizational fields. These factors include the presence of institutional meaning, the taken-for-granted quality (which means the immunity to technical, social and material changes) and the absence of contradictions. Together these three virtues allow institutionally eclipsed practices to be easily embedded into organizational contexts, being enacted by organizational members and avoiding abandonment and deinstitutionalization despite uselessness.

A Joint Analysis of RNA-DNA and DNA-DNA Interactomes Reveals Their Strong Association

At the moment, many non-coding RNAs that perform a variety of functions in the regulation of chromatin processes are known. An increasing number of protocols allow researchers to study RNA-DNA interactions and shed light on new aspects of the RNA–chromatin interactome. The Hi-C protocol, which enables the study of chromatin’s three-dimensional organization, has already led to numerous discoveries in the field of genome 3D organization. We conducted a comprehensive joint analysis of the RNA-DNA interactome and chromatin structure across different human and mouse cell lines. We show that these two phenomena are closely related in many respects, with the nature of this relationship being both tissue specific and conserved across humans and mice.

From the margins to the mainstream: Entrepreneurial theorization and the spread of a new collective identity within a mature organizational field

We study the effects of entrepreneurial theorization on the spread of a new collective identity within a mature organizational field. Mature fields are characterized by dominant logics, entrenched practices, and stable patterns of interaction, resulting in isomorphism and inertia. Yet, mature fields do change, often as a result of entrepreneurial activity. Whereas prior work has focused on the creation of “oppositional” niches within mature fields, we focus on an identity movement that transformed the core of a field. We do this within the context of the Canadian wine field, a field that remained stable from the end of Prohibition through the 1970s. For decades, large incumbents projected a European identity for their wines and gave these wines “faux” European names. In contrast, pioneering entrepreneurs projected a distinctly Canadian identity for their wines, an identity that was ultimately adopted by incumbents. In this way, domestic wine in Canada became tied to place rather than divorced from it. We show how entrepreneurial theorization of the “Canadian wine” identity by small producers and identity pioneers spread to the center of the field, and how the effects of theorization depended on the authenticity of these theorizers. We also suggest that an identity movement that engages incumbents rather than seeks to create an oppositional category is more likely to reach the center of a mature field.

Transparency of Criminal Proceedings: Balance of Public and Private Interests

Introduction. In Russian criminal proceedings, the transparency of the trial is fixed at the level of one of the conditions. However, at its core, it represents a constitutional principle reflected in the norms of criminal procedure law. Limitation of the operation of such a principle cannot be arbitrary and is permitted only in order to ensure private and public interests protected by law. This article is devoted to the analysis of the operation of the principle of publicity in Russian criminal proceedings. The study of existing regulatory approaches to limiting the openness of criminal proceedings can become a starting point for scientific discussion on this issue and for the formulation of proposals for changing legislation. Theoretical Basis. Methods. The theoretical basis of the study was scientific work in the field of organization of judicial activities, criminal procedural law, devoted to the issue of taking into account public and private interests while ensuring the transparency of criminal proceedings. Using the formal legal method of research, the features of the normative regulation of publicity when courts consider criminal cases were identified. The use of the comparative legal research method made it possible to identify variable approaches to ensuring a balance of private and public interests while ensuring the transparency of the trial. Results. The article reveals the main approaches in Russian criminal proceedings to ensuring the court balances private and public interests when deciding whether to conduct a closed trial. Regulatory approaches to openness of justice in criminal cases are analyzed, and a number of problematic issues are proposed for further productive scientific discussion. Discussion and Сonclusion. Ensuring the balance of public and private interests by the court should not lead to unreasonable restrictions on the constitutional principles of justice and is permissible only if there are appropriate legal and factual grounds to the minimum required extent. The authors believe that scientific development of issues of ensuring the rights of participants in the process while limiting the publicity of criminal proceedings is necessary.

ANALYSIS OF TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS IN MANAGEMENT TECNM ITS FRESNILLO

This research, carried out at the Tecnológico Nacional de México, Fresnillo Campus (TecNM ITS Fresnillo), analyzes the evolution of management and its relationship with technology management, highlighting its impact on organizational development. Through a documentary and critical approach, key concepts such as primitive, modern, backward and cutting-edge technology are examined, identifying their characteristics and the role of information systems in the organizational field. The importance of technology management as a strategic tool to integrate human, technological and financial resources in order to achieve competitive advantages is addressed. It also analyzes how the implementation of information and communication technologies (ICT) has transformed the processes of capturing, storing, and distributing information, improving decision-making and promoting innovation. The research emphasizes the importance of organizational learning to develop technological capabilities that allow organizations to adapt to an ever-changing environment. Finally, the impact of Web 2.0 and digital ecosystems on the optimization of organizational processes and the generation of innovative solutions is highlighted. In conclusion, technology management integrates innovation, adaptation, and continuous improvement, positioning itself as an essential element for the sustainability and success of organizations in a competitive global environment.

Специфика разработки дополнительных профессиональных программ с учетом профессиональных стандартов и квалификационных требований.

The specifics of developing additional professional programs taking into account professional standards and qualification requirements are relevant in the modern world, where the importance of training and advanced training of medical specialists is a necessity enshrined in the regulatory framework. Thus, scientific developments in this field are not only relevant, but also have high practical significance for improving the system of professional training and advanced training of medical specialists. The purpose of the study is to conduct a comparative analysis of the content of professional standards and qualification requirements for updating the subject and filling additional professional education programs in accordance with the identified lack of knowledge, skills, and abilities. Materials and methods. Comparative analysis of labor functions and labor actions in the professional standard «Specialist in the field of healthcare and public health organization». The method of comparative analysis was used. Results. The results of the analysis of professional development programs in the specialty Nursing Management and specialty Health Organization and public health are presented. The work functions that are not included in the professional standard are defined, competencies are formulated and recommendations are given for the development of additional professional programs taking into account the missing work functions. Conclusions. For effective development of professional development programs, it is necessary to apply an integrated approach, which includes both consideration and definition of labor functions that are not included in the professional standard, development of a list of professional competencies, taking into account the requirements of the widest possible range of regulatory documents defining the content of the work of specialists in positions of heads of medical organizations, as well as regular updating These programs are designed to meet the growing demands of the professional activities of medical professionals.

Nanoscience or Nanosciences? - The Interdisciplinary Discipline

In this article, we question whether nanoscience has already matured into a single discipline or whether it retains the character of an interdisciplinary endeavour, involving the natural sciences as well as technology. In search for an answer, the traits of disciplines according to William Bechtel are considered. Arguments in favour of using 'nanoscience', as a singular, or 'nanosciences', as a plural, are elucidated. In terms of objects of study, nanoscience is compared with colloid science. Cognitive abilities are traced back to the parent natural sciences. Finally, in the field of social and institutional organizations, it seems that nanoscience cannot yet compete with traditional disciplines. In future the question about the disciplinary character of nanoscience has to be solved mainly on a sociological level.

Pigments from the cultural layer and the male burial of Sungir: preliminary results

Mineral pigments are one of the most common categories of finds at the sites of the Upper Paleolithic. The authors’ approach to the study of pigments is based on a detailed study of all available samples. The results of the archaeological study are complemented by the results of natural science analyses and expand the understanding of the utilitarian and symbolic use of ochre on the sites of the Upper Paleolithic. Statistical processing of the results makes it possible to compare pigments from different areas of sites. The article presents the results of studying 36 samples of pigments from the cultural layer of Sungir, as well as personal ornaments. The presence of a clay component in a thick mass prepared and used for staining a funeral costume is demonstrated. The main features of the use of pigments characteristic to the Sungir settlements include the use for household purposes of both hard and soft types of ochre, up to suspensions of varying degrees of density. The domestic use of pigments finds wide analogies on the Early and Middle Upper Paleolithic European sites, including the use of ochre as a part of the mixture originating from the filling of hearth. However, so far no materials have been identified on Sungir for the reconstruction of the entire сhaîne opératoire for the preparation of colorful substances. The symbolic use of pigments in graphic activities and practices of coloring symbolic objects on Sungir has fully similar, but not identical features with the materials of the Pavlovian sites. This is especially evident in the field of burial rite organization (staining the bottom of the grave), the use of plastic mass for thick staining of clo­thing, headdress, and the application of some personal ornaments on it, possibly partially interconnected, in the preparation of mortuary clothing. The use of suspensions of varying degrees of density on Sungir materials is shown for the first time. The methods of placing ornaments on the head associated with the burial tradition, which have direct analogies in the Moravian Pavlovian materials, have also not been discussed before.

Number of translations and translation direction in masked translation priming: evidence from unbalanced English-Chinese bilinguals.

Within the research field of bilingual lexical representation and organization, much attention has been given to whether two languages share a conceptual system and what factors modulate the connection between this conceptual system and the lexical systems of a bilingual's L1 and L2. One of the most valid ways in the psycholinguistics domain to explore these doubts is to examine the masked translation priming effect and the priming asymmetry through cross-language priming experiments. In this study, a masked priming lexical decision task was conducted with unbalanced English-Chinese bilinguals to investigate whether the masked translation priming effect exists in both translation directions, and to further reveal how the number of translations, which can be categorized into one-translation pair and more-than-one-translation pair conditions, affects the priming effects and modulates translation priming asymmetry. It was demonstrated that both translation direction and the number of translations influence the priming effect. Specifically, the priming effect was observable from L1 to L2 but not from L2 to L1, and the priming for one-translation pairs was significantly greater when compared to that for more-than-one-translation pairs. Moreover, the impacts of translation direction on the priming effect differed between the one-translation pair and more-than-one-translation pair conditions: under the former condition, substantial priming occurred in both directions, whereas for the latter condition, it was observed only in the L1-L2 direction. Several models of the bilingual mental lexicon, mainly the Revised Hierarchical Model and the Distributed Conceptual Feature Model, were used to elucidate the above results.

Classroom as Organization: Then, Now, and Next

Classroom as Organization (CAO) is a highly experiential teaching approach that transforms the classroom into a functioning, student-run organization. CAO emerged during the early days of the organizational behavior field and continues today. While CAO research has a rich history in the Journal of Management Education and its predecessors, this article marks the first comprehensive literature review on the topic. We review the CAO literature, trace the development of this methodology, and create a visual map of the key models. By exploring CAO’s past and present, the aim is to distill key insights about this method and outline avenues for more educators to adopt this innovative and empowering teaching methodology in the future. We conclude by calling for continued empirical research (at the class and program levels) and intentional community building to support faculty and encourage broader adoption of CAO.

ORGANIZATION OF MEDICAL SERVICES FOR TRAUMA PATIENTS: CURRENT REQUIREMENTS AND BEST PRACTICES OF COOPERATION BETWEEN TRAUMATOLOGISTS AND THERAPISTS

Modern requirements for the organization of medical services for traumatological patients reflect the need for effective cooperation between specialists in traumatology and therapy. It is important to note that today there are a large number of unique programs that allow for the collective work of specialists in various fields in order to organize better medical care. This article examines the unique practices of cooperation between these specialties in order to optimize the diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation of patients with traumatic injuries in age. The work involves not only therapists, traumatologists, but also other specialists in related fields who can assist in the rehabilitation of the patient. The analysis of the state and problems of multidisciplinary treatment of traumatologists includes answers only from the medical staff of regional trauma centers and end-treatment centers treating seriously injured people. Special attention is paid to the coordination of efforts between doctors of various profiles, the exchange of information, the use of innovative methods and technologies. The results of the study will improve the quality of medical care for trauma patients and make a significant contribution to the development of medical practice in general. The critical importance of collaboration between traumatologists and therapists is to ensure a comprehensive approach to the treatment of patients with traumatic conditions. Research in the field of organization of medical services for traumatological patients is important for the development of modern medicine. It provides an opportunity to create new formats and programs of medical care for the rapid rehabilitation of patients. New approaches contribute to improving current medical processes and improving the quality of life of society.

Social Enterprise Referents: How Social Enterprises Help Organize Nascent Fields to Address Complex Societal Problems

AbstractAddressing societal challenges requires engaging diverse actors, but clashes between social and commercial interests often hinder coordination. In established fields, conflicting social interests can be integrated by challenging dominant commercial positions and rallying powerful actors. However, creating new fields without established actors and coordination mechanisms is more complex, especially when interests conflict. We explore this challenge through the development of reusable containers for takeaway food and beverages, where incompatible perspectives initially led to a field impasse. A pioneering social enterprise blending commercial and social interests emerged as a referent, facilitating collaboration and breaking the impasse. After initial field organizing succeeded, regulatory changes and increased demand exposed the shortcomings of early solutions, leading to setbacks. New social enterprises developed solutions to fill supply–demand gaps, anchoring new models in a market and driving both standardization and innovation. We introduce the concept of ‘social enterprise referents’ to highlight their essential role in organizing nascent fields to address complex societal issues. Without these referents, models for building new fields struggle to take hold. Successfully transitioning from an underorganized to an organized field requires sustained efforts from multiple social enterprise referents to anchor solutions in a market and uphold collaboration with field actors.

Review of Scientific Literature on Social Networks in Organizations

The present investigation aims to analyze the research contributions that support social networks in organizations; a qualitative approach research was developed, with a population of 30 articles whose journals. The results revealed that interaction platforms have become a very important phenomenon with no return that also covers the organizational field opening new possibilities. The opportunities opened by the use of social networks by organizations also cover customer communication, which can improve their satisfaction. Finally, as a conclusion, one of the most important results was that social networks are an innovative tool within the organizational environment because it facilitates the transmission of information to the public due to the fact that there is a massive agreement within which there is a large number of prospects who can obtain advertising information based on their needs through digital segmentation, it is also very important that it allows not only communication with customers.

Priests, Bearers, Schoolboys, Sailors: Pioneering Indian Field Hockey Players from Bengal in the 1890s

The largely unknown story of the first primarily tribal team to take part in organized field hockey in the Indian subcontinent reveals some of the origins of Indian field hockey. In this case, the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel (SPG) Mission, Ranchi, comprising players drawn from the marginalized tribal population of the Chota Nagpur plateau under the province of Bengal, made its debut in the inaugural edition of what is arguably the oldest field hockey tournament in the world, the Beighton Cup in Calcutta. Although the team’s journey began with a defeat, over the next 13 years, SPG Mission won the competition five times. The progress of the team through the first three years of the journey, from debut to the first title, is examined here with the help of fresh evidence unearthed from contemporary newspaper accounts, government reports and books on a variety of subjects, from ethnography of Indian tribes to church histories and player autobiographies. The aim is to use Ranchi Mission and its opponents as a window to explore the diversity inherent in the practice of hockey in India in the 1890s, which ultimately led to unparalleled success for subcontinental teams on the world stage in the twentieth century.

Analysis of institutional factors in the implementation of the action research methodology: lessons learned in a case study

The growing need for academic research to generate a tangible social impact has increased the relevance of collaborative methodologies. Among them, the "Action Research" method stands out for its application in the field of business organization. This is especially relevant in the field of Operations Management as it involves close collaboration with organizations.This study aims to examine the key institutional factors that influence the success of the implementation of the "Action Research" methodology in the business context. Through a case study, two main contributions are made to the "Action Research" literature. First, six key institutional factors are identified to consider in the implementation of an Action Research project: external and internal environment, leadership, strategy, communication, and organizational resources and capabilities. Second, the analysis provides a series of lessons learned that cover the influence of aspects related to company's environment; alignment of objectives; participation of employees; clear definition of roles; training; adaptation and support of work team member; an adequate technological infrastructure; how to promote the participation of external agents; and the influence of communication channels.The identification and analysis of these factors and the lessons learned serve as a reference framework for researchers who are considering carrying out an "Action Research" project to transfer it to the company with which they are going to collaborate, and thus determine if the right conditions are in place to carry out the study.

Ransomware HR: Human Resources Practices and Organizational Support in the Conti Ransomware Group

ABSTRACT Ransomware is widely regarded as one of the most economically damaging cybercrimes. Existing criminological research has focused largely on the structure, routines, and activities of ransomware groups, or traced financial transactions to advance understanding of their associated harms. This paper explores how the Conti ransomware group employed human resources (HR) practices and other organizational supports to recruit, retain, and motivate its employees. Data is drawn from a leaked dataset containing tens of thousands of messages between employees and affiliates of Conti. We analyze this dataset through the lens of organizational support theory (OST), one of the most influential theories in the field of organization and management psychology. Our analysis shows that Conti employed a variety of HR practices to improve worker satisfaction and commitment, many of which are supported by OST research. By better understanding these practices, we aim to provide a novel, theoretically informed perspective through which the operations of ransomware groups can be better understood. The paper concludes with a discussion of how this knowledge can be used to inform the development of law enforcement strategies intended to disrupt ransomware groups.

Projectification of religion: an analytical framework

ABSTRACT The spread of project organizing to an ever-expanding array of industries and sectors has garnered considerable attention in recent decades – particularly in the fields of organization and management studies, but also in sociology and philosophy. Some have characterized this ‘projectification’ as a fulcrum for profound cultural shifts, with ramifications extending beyond the boundaries of management, work life, and organizations. Perspectives have been put forward on projects permeating even the very ways we live our daily lives. The study of religion, however, has remained notably inattentive to such perspectives. In this article, we advocate the importance of studying projectification in the realm of religion. Drawing on examples from the national Lutheran churches of Sweden and Norway, we outline a framework for studying projectification of religion along three analytical trajectories: organizational projectification of religion, projectification as a structuration of religious interaction and adherence, and projectification as a shift in religious discourse.

Assessment of object-based indices to identify convective organization

Abstract. The emerging field of convective organization has attracted significant attention due to its potential implications for weather and climate. Numerous indices have been developed to identify organization of convection, serving as essential tools for advancing our understanding in this area. Because of the large number of these indices, many results on convective organization are still uncertain, and different studies have shown diverging results. The present analysis studies and compares nine object-based indices in order to evaluate their ability to quantify organization. The analysis begins by establishing a set of criteria expected for convective organization and subsequently subjecting the indices to assessment against these benchmarks. The criteria are grouped into three categories. The first category tests the robustness of the indices against noise. The second category evaluates their sensitivity to the size and position of the convective objects. The third category assesses their dependency on the specific characteristics of the dataset in use. Among the indices scrutinized, none fulfill all the desired conditions, and some conditions are only marginally satisfied. Therefore, we developed a new index, called the Organization Index based on Distance and Relative Area (OIDRA), as an example of a well-behaving index. The unmet conditions and differences between indices can explain the discord between different organization studies. The results come down to a guideline that will help to advance our description of deep convective organization.

General Description of the Problems of Administrative and Territorial Structure in the Field of Local Self-Government

The relevance of the research topic is due to the current development of legal regulation of the administrative and territorial structure in Ukraine, the reform processes in the field of territorial organisation of power which have taken place in recent years and have directly affected the system of administrative and territorial division at the rayon level and changes in the territorial organisation of the basic level of local self-government. This is due, among other things, to the adoption of a new law aimed at regulating the administrative and territorial structure of Ukraine, which contains innovative approaches to addressing the issues of administrative and territorial structure. The purpose of this article is to provide a comprehensive coverage of the territorial problems arising at the present stage in the field of local self-government or with the involvement of local self-government entities, and which create obstacles to the further development of the latter. The study applies a systematic approach, dialectical methods, a synergistic approach, and other general philosophical and scientific methods, such as systemic-structural, structural-functional, formal-legal, prognostic methods, and methods of analysis and synthesis. It is proved that the development of local self-government in Ukraine is ambiguous, with different trends - either to strengthen its reform, or to a complete standstill of any change processes. The latter trend of intensifying the reform is associated with the adoption by the Government of Ukraine of the Concept of Reforming Local Self-Government and Territorial Organisation of Power, which became the driving force for further decentralisation processes in Ukraine and affected the development of local self-government. As a result, a number of key legal, organisational, financial and territorial issues have been resolved. The Concept pays particular attention to territorial issues, linking the effectiveness of the organisation of power to the territorial basis. The territory is a unifying category, reflecting the limits of exercise of powers of local self-government bodies and officials, distribution of their legal acts, showing the number and composition of individuals and legal entities, and the activity of their participation in the implementation of local self-government. At the same time, despite the fact that the Concept pays considerable attention to the territory and identifies a number of problems related to its improvement, in practice, additional territorial problems arise that negatively affect the implementation of local self-government. Among them: 1) the issue of substitution of legal concepts and categories in the field of administrative and territorial structure; 2) the need to reform the constitutional principles of administrative and territorial structure and territorial organisation of power; 3) the need to improve the territorial organisation of power at the level of districts; 4) the issue of legal status and organisation of power within the territories of the regional level; 5) the issue of improving the legal regulation of formation of artificial territories; 6) the need to ensure constant provision of sufficient material, financial and social support. On the basis of the study, the author draws conclusions and provides recommendations related to the improvement of legal regulation of the administrative and territorial structure of Ukraine, and proposes appropriate amendments to the Constitution of Ukraine and laws which would allow harmonising legislation in this area and solving the identified problems.

Large-Scale Group Decision Making with Dual Feedback from Community Residents Based on the Organizational Invisible Field

In China, communities function as grassroots self-governing bodies, and the enhancement of public participation in community governance has remained a central focus of study. This paper applies the Large-Scale Group Decision-Making (LSGDM) method to the process of community self-governance and proposes a dual feedback group consensus decision-making model that takes into account the unique social relations among residents. Firstly, the concept of the Organizational Invisible Field—formed in communities by intangible social capital such as positional power and interpersonal relationships within the organization—is introduced. The definition of Invisible Field Force is utilized to measure the influence of these forms of capital on social relationships. Subsequently, drawing on field dynamic theory, the process by which residents’ preferences within the organization are shaped by the action of Invisible Field Force is explored. Secondly, acknowledging that invisible relationships can be affected by dynamic interactions during the decision-making process, the Invisible Field Force change model is constructed. Building on this, a dual feedback consensus coordination mechanism—encompassing both in-organization members and all residents—is designed. Finally, the validity and utility of the model are verified through case studies and sensitivity analyses.