Organism Of Workers Research Articles

Elemental state of the organism of workers and population as manifestation of adaptation to the technogenic effect of metals: new methodological approaches

The problem of adaptive, prepathological and pathological reactions of the body to the action of exogenous chemicals is closely intersected with the assessment of the norm and its fluctuations. The imbalance of chemical elements in the human body directly affects the functioning of almost all organs and systems, causing significant stress of adaptation mechanisms. In this article we study the elemental state of the human body depending on the physiological state (endocrine pathology and professional contact with heavy metals), analyze the correlation between macro- and microelements and assess the degree of adaptability of the body. In the work the elemental state of the human body, taking into account not only the absolute values of the concentrations of elements in the hair and whole blood was studied, the adaptability of the body according to the indicators of elemental imbalance in the blood and hair of volunteers, individuals with endocrine pathology (autoimmune thyroiditis and type II diabetes mellitus) and for those working in conditions of contact with heavy metals (for jewelers, welders and batterymen) is analyzed. The results of the study indicate that various non-specific adaptation reactions are accompanied by changes in the elemental state of a person. Under the prevailing pathology of the endocrine system (diabetes mellitus or autoimmune thyroiditis), the adaptation of the body was determined as a stage of tension and is associated with the duration of the disease. In persons exposed to professional contact with heavy metals (Mn, Cr, Pb, Ag), adaptation depended on the nature and duration of professional contact with them: the highest tension of adaptation processes was found in jewelers, and the least in welders and batterymen, which is associated with the duration of professional contact with these metals. The high number of connections between the elements indicates the tension of adaptive reactions in people with endocrine pathology and especially in jewelry workers. Adaptation to the high content of metals in the air of welders and batteries due to the longer experience of these workers and adaptation to production conditions with a decrease in the number of correlations between the elements, as a means of reliable operation.

Problems of the Influence of Light on Workers in Greenhouses

No living person can do without vegetables and fruits, food grown in the fields, kitchen gardens or in greenhouses. Those crops that are less whimsical to their surrounding nature and the conditions of growth and fruit formation are grown in open ground, and those that are more demanding, but at the same time not less necessary are grown in protected ground, or greenhouse. In this article, an analysis was conducted of the influence of the main harmful and dangerous production factors on the organism of workers in the greenhouse complex. When working in greenhouses, employees complain of discomfort from exposure to bright light and ultraviolet radiation during artificial irradiation and lighting up of plants. In the work, a comparison of frequently used types of lamps in greenhouses was made and it was revealed among them that it is safer for workers. Recommendations for improving working conditions are given.

Physiological and hygienic assessment of the elemental status of the organism of workers of petrochemical enterprises

The workers of the petrochemical enterprise have an imbalance in the elemental composition, as evidenced by a decrease in the content of bismuth, Nickel, cobalt, copper, manganese and chromium 1,2-6,1 times in operators and from 1,3 times to 6,4 times in machinists compared to the data of the comparison group. As the work experience increased, the increase in the elemental imbalance in drivers was formed by reducing cadmium, cobalt, iron 1,2-3,0 times; in operators - by increasing the concentration of copper by 1,3 times and reducing the content of Nickel, cobalt, iron and chromium by 1,4-2,8 times.

Features of the functional state of professionally significant body systems of operators and machinists of a petrochemical enterprise depending on their work experience

Introduction. As a result of large-scale modernization of technological processes, the organism of workers in the petrochemical industry is affected by low intensity factors. With an increase in exposure time under the influence of such factors, the response of the body is characterized by various changes in physiological status, however, until now, medical examinations of workers in petrochemical enterprises have a clinical focus. In this regard, it becomes extremely important to systematically study the physiological functions of workers, considering their working experience for early detection of the adverse effects of the work environment and the development of effective preventive measures.The aim of the study is to evaluate the features of the functional state of the organism of operators and operators of a petrochemical enterprise, depending on the length of service.Materials and methods. To identify the features of the functional state of the body, 78 operators and 68 drivers, depending on the length of service, were divided into three subgroups. The functional state of the central, autonomic nervous and cardiovascular systems was studied, and the level of biological adaptation and working capacity of workers were determined. The functional state of the central nervous system is assessed by indicators of the functional level of the nervous system, the stability of the nervous reaction, the level of functionality of the formed functional system and the level of performance on the hardware-soft ware complex.Results. It was revealed that with an increase in seniority, the operators of the petrochemical enterprise changed the indicators of the functional state of the body, as evidenced by a decrease in the time of simple visual-motor reaction by 1.5 times, an increase in the rates of sympathetic activity of the autonomic nervous system by 1.7 times, and an increase in 1.4 times the adequacy of regulation processes against a 1.7-fold increase in the vegetative rhythm indicator, which characterize increased disorganization in the intersystem interactions of central and an independent contour of regulation of physiological functions. With an increase in seniority, typists noted an increase in the parasympathetic activity of the autonomic nervous system by 1.3 times, as well as an increase in the autonomic regulation rate by 1.2 times, which indicates a strengthening of the autonomous regulation loop by physiological functions.Conclusions. The workers of the main professions of the petrochemical enterprise with an increase in their seniority noted the development of long-term adaptation, which is confirmed by a decrease in the number of workers with an unsatisfactory level of adaptation and an increase in operators and drivers with a normal level of working capacity.Funding. The study had no funding.Conflict of interests. The authors declare no conflict of interests.

Research of changes in the functional state of the organism of workers of shoe manufacturing (fergana branch of the tashkent medical academy)

Research of changes in the functional state of the organism of workers of shoe manufacturing (fergana branch of the tashkent medical academy)

DANGERS AND PREVENTIVE MEASURES DURING PRODUCTION OF POLYMERIC MATERIALS BASED ON POLYAMIDES

In the article were considered dangers that arise up during production and processing of polymeric materials. Actuality of theme is related to that nowadays production of polymeric materials occupies one of the leading places in chemical and petrochemical industry. With the aim of improvement operating properties of polymeric materials will be added to their composition different additives (curing agents, plasticizers, catalysts, greases, stabilizators and other auxiliary substances) or fillers (particles, or fibres of different sizes and forms). Such approach allows considerably improve physico-mechanical and tribological characteristics of PM, however additives, fillers and polymers in the moment of their processing can have bad influence on the human body. Character of unfavorable action of synthesis products of PM on the human body is in the first turn determined by toxicity of monomers that are used for their producing. Plasticizers can be the reason of poisoning, as additives are toxic, and their operating on the organism can be even more expressed, than polymer’s one. Both the production of polymeric materials and their processing in products, accompanied by liberation in the air of working zone gaseous substances and dust, various by the nature of action, would cause to different changes in the organism of workers, depending on their concentration and duration of influence. The range of these violations is wide enough - from the changes of separate indexes of homoeostasis to development of serious and chronic intoxications and diseases, the clinical displays of that depend on predominance of those or other components that are used for the production of polymeric materials and processing products therefrom. As monomers are the basic components of these materials, so exactly from character of their operating on the organism and depends clinical presentation of professional pathology, that will progressed of workers. To avoid a traumatism, negative influence on health and professional morbidity is possible by sticking technologies of production of polymeric materials and technicians of safety, that are considered in this article.

Occupational diseases as resalt of overstrain of some bodies and systems.

In the article a scries of occupational diseases, which are according to the etiological classification, arise from overstrain of some bodies and systems are submitted. In the presented publication the author focuses on the series of occupational diseases resulted from the overstrain of separate bodies and systems which are insufficiently widely displayed in publications on a professional pathology due to their insufficient distribution until this time. Today a series of them get the increasing urgency, taking into account specificity of modern operating conditions. This became the basic purpose of the work performed. The important problem in modern conditions is significant psyhoemothional loading on the organism of workers, work with video-display terminals and pressure of the voice apparatus. Physical loading on separate bodies and systems in conditions of modern automation has a smaller value, but also takes place in modern conditions. In the article selective data concerning several groups or separate diseases presented in etiological classification of occupational diseases are resulted. The rest of them are presented in previous publications of the author, listed in reference list. Specification concerning professional neuroses, shortsightedness, phonasthenia, chronic laryngitis, nodular and contact ulcers on the voice folds, emphysema of lungs, metroptosis uterine prolapse and coloptosis are submitted. The basic concepts concerning the reasons of occurrence, clinical picture, diagnostics, differential diagnostics, preventive maintenance and working capacity examination in these diseases are considered. The data concerning the forecast, establishment of the link of the disease with occupation are resulted also.

RESEARCH OF THE BIOMARKER OF THE EXPOSURE TO ORGANOCHLORINE COMPOUNDS IN EMPLOYEES OF THE VINYL CHLORIDE AND POLYVINYL CHLORIDE MANUFACTURE

This article presents results of the quantitative assessment of the blood content of organochlorine compounds (vinyl chloride, 1,2-dichloroethane) and its metabolite thiodiacetic acid (TDAA) in the urine of workers of the production of vinyl chloride (VC) and polyvinyl chloride(PVC). The studies were executed in two phases: in the first phase, 65 persons were surveyed at the time of the periodic medical examination, at the second phase - 10 workers of basic professions (apparatchiks of gas separation and polymerization and cleaners) werу observed in the dynamics of 12-hour shifts. The sample consisted of persons, who regularly passed bioassay test before the work shift, and after the shift and the next day before the shift. The purpose of the study was the evaluation of the content of chlorinated hydrocarbons in the organism of workers of VC and PVC productions. The studies were conducted using the methods developed in our laboratory with using a gas chromatograph Agilent 7890A with a flame ionization detector, docked with the Headspace Sampler Agilent 7694E and gas chromatograph Agilent 7890A with a Mass Selective Detector Agilent 5975C. Statistically significant differences in TDAA urine content were found between workers and cases from the control group. There was detected its dependence on the levels of as well exposure to toxic substances, the production, and occupation, as the duration of the post-exposure period. The average value of the urine content of TDAA in workers of the workshop of VC production authentically was shown to be 2.57 times higher than in workers of the workshop of the PVC production. The average urine concentration of TDAA in workers of both workshops were 5.0 and 19.9 times higher than in cases from the control group (0.27±0.02 mg/dm3). Th urine TDAA content in panmen was authentically 2 times higher than in workers from the group of the subsidiary occupations. It should be noted that the largest percentage of urine samples with exceeding TDAA levels in the control group - 84.8% was observed in panmen, in the group of auxiliary occupation the percentage of these samples amounted to 75.0%. Increased levels of the urinary TDAA excretion was observed during the work after 12 hours after the end of the shift, before starting the next shift period and during a medical examination 24 hours after the cessation of the exposure to toxicants, which may be the optimal time urine collection during biomonitoring studies.

Aerosol Systems of Supply Ventilation, as Means of Air Quality Improvement of Working Zones

Article is devoted to a research of aerosol systems of supply ventilation. Expediency of creation and use of water and aerosol systems for decrease in concentration of fine-dispersion dust in working zones, and as a result, decrease in negative impact on operators of various productions is proved. The design of a centrifugal mechanical one-slot-hole nozzle is proposed. Problems of dust content in air of a working zone and impact of particles of PM10 and PM2,5 on an organism of workers are considered.

Urinary trans-anti-7,8,9,10-tetrahydroxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo(a)pyrene as the most relevant biomarker for assessing carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons exposure

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are ubiquitous pollutants present as complex mixtures in the environment. Among them, benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) is classified as carcinogenic to humans by the International Agency of Research on Cancer. Taking into account all absorption ways, human biomonitoring allows PAH exposure assessment, but biomarkers both specific to carcinogenic effect and sufficiently sensitive are lacking. In this work, we proposed the urinary 7,8,9,10-tetrahydroxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo(a)pyrene (7,8,9,10-OHBaP) stemming from hydrolysis of BaP-7,8-diol-9,10-epoxide, the ultimate carcinogenic BaP metabolite, as biomarker of PAH exposure. A simple and highly sensitive analytical method, with a limit of quantification (LQ) reaching 0.06pmol/L (0.02ng/L), was described and validated. The relevance of urinary 7,8,9,10-OHBaP concentrations adjustment by creatinine was demonstrated. In a group of 24 non-occupationally PAH exposed subjects, only 15% of 7,8,9,10-OHBaP levels was below the LQ and the last daily void has been found as the best sampling time. Tobacco consumption had a significant positive effect on 7,8,9,10-OHBaP concentrations with a 90e percentile equal to 0.05nmole/mole creatinine (nmol/mol) and 0.03nmol/mol for smokers and non-smokers, respectively. In case of occupational PAH exposure, all the pre- and post-shift urinary 7,8,9,10-OHBaP levels of 7 non-smoking workers in a prebaked electrodes production plant were above the LQ. Concentrations ranged from 0.05 to 0.91nmol/mol and accumulation of 7,8,9,10-OHBaP into organism of workers during the working week was clearly observed. The best sampling time was the post-shift at the end of week but samples should also be collected at pre-shift the beginning of week to assess the background level. Finally, the urinary 7,8,9,10-OHBaP elimination kinetic through the weekend was studied using non-linear mixed effect modelling. Mean apparent urinary half-life was 31.5h with low inter-individual variability. Describing key characteristics of urinary 7,8,9,10-OHBaP as PAH exposure biomarker, this work should promote its use for future large-scale biomonitoring campaigns.

THERMAL CONDITION OF THE ORGANISM OF THE WORKERS employed PROCESSED battery scrap

The choice of method for processing of secondary lead in many respects determines the sanitary conditions of labor. Complex comparative approach to the study of existing conditions reveals the most negative factors affecting the workers and to quantify the existing differences. We conducted a prospective study in non-ferrous metals industry, has revealed that one of the disadvantages of the working environment is heating microclimate. Statistical analysis allowed us to establish priorities for the factors acting on the heat-stressed body workers, and to quantify the differences in thermal effects and thermal state of the organism of workers employed by different methods of recycling of lead.

Mere zaštite zdravlja na radu pri primeni pesticida

Indisputable is the value of pesticides for increased yield in agriculture. However, hazardous effects on man and environment are also evident. Pesticide skin absorption is probably of particular importance when pesticides are used in developing countries, because adequate protective measures are rarely applied. Aim. The aim of the study was to investigate frequency of the use of personal and hygienic work health measures in agricultural workers during pesticide application. Material and method. The study included 117 male agricultural workers involved as tractor drivers in pesticide application at the workplace. We collected data concerning age, working conditions, duration of exposure and the use of personal and hygienic work health measures. Results. Average exposure to various pesticides was 4-6 month per year and 4-7 hours per day. Concerning personal protective measures frequent use of gloves was found in 65%, and frequent use of working suit, mask and shoes in 46% interviewed workers. Gloves had never been used by 13% of workers, because they considered them uncomfortable. Hygienic measures of washing hands and taking shower after the work with pesticides were done by 65% workers. Conclusion. For the effective health protection of the exposed agricultural workers to pesticides, the essential is a comprehensive and continuous implementation of the safety measures at work (technical, personal, hygienic, legislative, medical etc.) for the purpose of reducing amount of pesticides which enter in the organism of workers and early detection of worker's health damage. .

Allergic dermatitis in artificial leather workers

The immunological reactivity of the organism of workers suffering from allergic dermatoses and healthy workers in contact with the products of artificial leather production has been studied. Studies have shown a violation of immunological homeostasis in workers employed in production, and, along with specific sensitization, revealed autosensitization to tissue antigens of the skin in patients with allergic dermatitis.